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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form
10-K
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☑ |
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 |
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Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended |
December 31, 2022 |
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For the transition period
from to |
Commission File Number 1-9210
Occidental Petroleum Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization |
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Delaware |
I.R.S. Employer Identification No. |
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95-4035997 |
Address of principal executive offices |
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5 Greenway Plaza, Suite 110 |
Houston, |
Texas |
Zip Code |
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77046 |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code |
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(713) |
215-7000 |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
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Title of Each Class |
Trading Symbol |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
Common Stock, $0.20 par value |
OXY |
New York Stock Exchange |
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock, $0.20 par value
|
OXY WS |
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate
by
check
mark
if
the
registrant
is
a
well-known
seasoned
issuer,
as
defined
in
Rule
405
of
the
Securities
Act.
Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file
reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Act.
Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file
such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days. Yes
☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted
electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter)
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit such
files). Yes ☑ No
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See
the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”
“smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large Accelerated Filer |
☑ |
Accelerated Filer |
☐ |
Emerging Growth Company |
☐ |
Non-Accelerated Filer |
☐ |
Smaller Reporting Company |
☐ |
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|
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange
Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on
and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the
registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit
report.
☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes
☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by
nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately
$53.0 billion computed by reference to the closing price on
the New York Stock Exchange of $58.88 per share of Common Stock on
June 30, 2022.
As of January 31, 2023, there were 900,072,447 shares of
Common Stock outstanding, par value $0.20 per share.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement, relating
to its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, are incorporated by
reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS |
PAGE |
Part I |
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Items 1 and 2. |
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Human Capital Resources |
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Item 1A. |
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Item 1B. |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
Mine Safety Disclosures |
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Part II |
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Item 5. |
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Item 7. |
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Item 7A. |
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Item 8. |
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Item 9. |
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Item 9A. |
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Item 9B. |
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Item 9C. |
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevented
Inspections |
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Part III |
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Item 10. |
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Item 11. |
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Item 12. |
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Item 13. |
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Item 14. |
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Part IV |
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Item 15. |
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Item 16. |
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ABBREVIATIONS USED WITHIN THIS DOCUMENT |
AAPG |
American Association of Petroleum Geologists |
AOC |
Administrative Order on Consent |
Anadarko |
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation and its consolidated
subsidiaries |
Anadarko Acquisition |
A transaction pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated
May 9, 2019, in which Occidental acquired all of the outstanding
shares of Anadarko on August 8, 2019, and in which a wholly owned
subsidiary of Occidental merged with and into Anadarko |
Andes |
Andes Petroleum Ecuador Ltd. |
ARO |
asset retirement obligations |
Bcf |
billions of cubic feet |
Bcf/d |
billions of cubic feet per day |
Berkshire Hathaway |
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. |
BLM |
U.S. Bureau of Land Management
|
the Board |
Occidental Board of Directors |
Boe |
barrels of oil equivalent |
BOEM |
U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management |
CCUS |
carbon capture, utilization and storage |
CERCLA |
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act |
CO2
|
carbon dioxide |
COGCC |
Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission
|
Common Stock Warrants |
a distribution of warrants to holders of Occidental common
stock |
CROCE |
cash returns on capital employed |
CROCEI |
cash return on capital employed incentive |
DAC |
direct air capture |
DASS |
Diamond Alkali Superfund Site |
DD&A |
depreciation, depletion and amortization |
DEL |
Dolphin Energy Limited |
DIB |
diversity, inclusion and belonging
|
DOJ |
U.S. Department of Justice |
DSCC |
Diamond Alkali Chemicals Company |
EDC |
ethylene dichloride |
EOR |
enhanced oil recovery |
EPA |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
EPS |
earnings per share |
ERG |
Employee Resource Group |
Exchange Act |
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
|
GAAP |
Generally accepted accounting principles |
GHG |
greenhouse gas |
HSE |
health, safety and environmental |
Kerr-McGee |
Kerr-McGee Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries
|
LIBOR |
London Interbank Offered Rate |
LIFO |
last-in, first-out |
OCI |
other comprehensive income |
Maxus |
Maxus Energy Corporation |
Mbbl |
thousands of barrels |
Mbbl/d |
thousands of barrels per day |
Mboe |
thousands of barrels equivalent |
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ABBREVIATIONS USED WITHIN THIS DOCUMENT |
Mboe/d |
thousands of barrels equivalent per day |
Mcf |
thousand cubic feet |
MMbbl |
millions of barrels |
MMbtu |
million British thermal units |
MMcf |
millions of cubic feet |
NAV |
net asset value |
NEPA |
National Environmental Policy Act
|
NGL |
natural gas liquids |
NPL |
National Priorities List |
NYMEX |
New York Mercantile Exchange |
NYSE |
New York Stock Exchange |
Occidental |
Occidental Petroleum Corporation, a Delaware corporation and one or
more entities in which it owns a controlling interest
(subsidiaries) |
OEPC |
Occidental Exploration and Production Company |
OLCV |
Occidental’s low-carbon ventures businesses |
OPEC |
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |
Options |
stock options |
OTC |
Over-the-Counter |
OU |
Operable Unit |
OxyChem |
Occidental Chemical Corporation, and its consolidated
subsidiaries |
the Plan |
stockholder-approved 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and
restated, for certain employees and directors |
PP&E |
property, plant & equipment |
PSC |
production sharing contracts |
PUD |
proved undeveloped |
PVC |
polyvinyl chloride |
RCF |
revolving credit facility |
Reserves Committee |
Corporate Reserves Review Committee |
ROD |
Record of Decision |
RSUs |
restricted stock units |
Ryder Scott |
Ryder Scott Company, L.P. |
S&P 500 |
Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index
|
SEC |
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |
SOFR |
Secured Overnight Financing Rate
|
Sonatrach |
The national oil and gas company of Algeria |
STEP |
Strategic Technical Excellence Program |
the Trust |
Maxus Liquidating Trust |
TSRI |
total shareholder return incentive |
UAE |
United Arab Emirates |
VCM |
Vinyl chloride monomer
|
WES |
Western Midstream Partners, LP |
WTI |
West Texas Intermediate |
Zero Coupons |
Zero Coupon senior notes due 2036 |
2022 Form 10-K |
Occidental’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2022 |
Part I
ITEMS 1 AND 2. BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES
In this Form 10-K, “Occidental”, “we”, “our” and “the Company”
refers to Occidental Petroleum Corporation, a Delaware corporation
incorporated in 1986, or Occidental and one or more entities in
which it owns a controlling interest (subsidiaries). Occidental
conducts its operations through its various subsidiaries and
affiliates. Occidental’s executive offices are located at 5
Greenway Plaza, Suite 110, Houston, Texas 77046; telephone (713)
215-7000.
Occidental’s principal businesses consist of three reporting
segments: oil and gas, chemical and midstream and marketing. The
oil and gas segment explores for, develops and produces oil (which
includes condensate), NGL and natural gas. The chemical segment
primarily manufactures and markets basic chemicals and
vinyls. The midstream and marketing segment purchases,
markets, gathers, processes, transports and stores oil, NGL,
natural gas, CO2
and power. It also optimizes its transportation and storage
capacity, and invests in entities that conduct similar activities,
such as WES.
The midstream and marketing segment also includes OLCV. OLCV seeks
to leverage Occidental’s legacy of carbon management expertise to
develop CCUS projects, including the commercialization of DAC
technology, and invests in other low-carbon technologies intended
to reduce GHG emissions from its operations and strategically
partner with other industries to help reduce their
emissions.
Occidental’s culture is built upon the following core
values:
■Lead
with Passion
■Outperform
Expectations
■Deliver
Results Responsibly
■Unleash
Opportunities
■Commit
to Good
Occidental’s human capital resources and programs are managed by
its Human Resources department, with support from business leaders
across the company. Occidental’s senior management team plays a key
role in setting and monitoring Occidental’s culture, values and
broader human capital management practices, with oversight by
Occidental’s Board of Directors, the Sustainability and Shareholder
Engagement Committee of the Board and the Environmental, Health
& Safety Committee of the Board. The Sustainability and
Shareholder Engagement Committee periodically receives briefings on
Occidental’s human capital strategy and the Environmental, Health
& Safety Committee receives briefings on employee and
contractor health and safety statistics and related matters,
including workforce health and safety initiatives. Senior
management and the Board also engage regularly on workforce-related
topics.
To enhance senior leadership’s engagement with employees,
Occidental hosts quarterly executive virtual conversations where
Occidental’s President and CEO, Vicki Hollub, and other executive
officers review recent financial and operational performance as
well as topics pertinent to employees. Occidental’s CEO also
answers employee questions during these conversations. The
quarterly executive virtual conversations form one piece of
Occidental’s employee outreach and engagement, which consists of
newsletters, focus groups and employee resource groups, among other
channels and tools.
DIVERSITY, INCLUSION AND BELONGING
The intent of Occidental’s DIB culture is to create an environment
where employees’ differences are appreciated, celebrated and
encouraged. Occidental conducted a robust survey across the
organization, the results of which were reviewed by the Board and
became a basis for Occidental’s core values.
The Company’s human capital resources extend across several
regions. Occidental has attracted, and continues to recruit, a
diverse workforce of exceptional talent, including employees from
many nations. This diversity enriches Occidental’s culture, its
employees' experiences on the job and contributes to an innovative
and effective business model that encourages local communities to
thrive. DIB powers Occidental’s innovation and spirit of
excellence, as well as its knowledge and results. Embedding DIB
into Occidental’s culture enhances collaboration, performance and
growth and helps uphold its organizational values.
The DIB Advisory Board, which is chaired by Occidental’s President
and CEO and includes members of senior leadership, provides DIB
governance and oversight to ensure that Occidental’s integrated DIB
strategy is executed and aligns with the Company’s mission, vision
and strategic objectives. The DIB Ambassador Committee, which is
chaired by Occidental’s Vice President of Diversity and Inclusion,
consists of a diverse group of employee representatives from
all
business segments, domestic and international. This committee leads
company-wide initiatives to raise DIB awareness through educational
resources and programs. Educational sessions are available to the
entire workforce for continued growth and development on topics
such as inclusive leadership, diversity advocacy, recognizing and
addressing micro aggressions, overcoming unconscious bias and
psychological safety at work.
Occidental’s senior management, together with the support of
Occidental’s DIB Advisory Board and the DIB Ambassador Committee,
works to leverage employees’ varied backgrounds, unique experiences
and points of view to spark innovation, empower growth, outperform
expectations and maximize results.
In October 2022, as part of Occidental’s integrated DIB strategy,
the Human Resources department launched eight new Employee Resource
Groups. An ERG is a group of employees who actively engage in
communicating or gathering around a central purpose, mission,
background or activity. ERGs can help advance inclusion and a sense
of belonging of employees with a common set of interests and/or
goals. The mission and goals of ERGs are fully aligned with
Occidental’s expectation to be an employer, partner, and neighbor
of choice. Each ERG is inclusive of all employees—everyone can
benefit from and participate in an ERG, either as a member or an
ally. Occidental’s ERGs are as follows:
•Allyship
•Black
Employee Network
•Early
Career Network
•FRIEND
(Friends, Relatives and Individuals Empowering
Neurodiversity)
•Hispanic
Network
•Mental
Health Matters
•Mosaic
(Multicultural) Network
•Out
(LGBT+) Network
•Veterans
Network
•Women
of Oxy Network
TALENT ATTRACTION AND RETENTION
Occidental recruits candidates through job fairs, professional
societies and campus recruiting, including expanded recruiting at
historically black colleges and universities.
In 2022, Occidental began to return to in-person interviews, and
the university relations team worked with universities and their
staff to ensure that any in-person interviews and events were
conducted safely. In addition, all college internships were
in-person with appropriate health and safety precautions as senior
leadership continued to monitor federal, state and local guidance
and public health data.
In response to employee feedback received by the Human Resources
department, to attract and retain talent, Occidental implemented
the Balanced Workplace Program in 2022 under which eligible
office-based employees may opt to work three days in the office and
two days at home each week. The program affords employees more
flexibility and promotes increased balance. The Human Resources
department solicited feedback from employees participating in the
Balanced Workplace Program regarding their experience and to gauge
interest in other work arrangements. Following review of such
feedback, in June 2022, the Human Resources department began
conducting a fully remote pilot program for employees in certain
functions.
In 2021, Occidental implemented its global Strategic Technical
Excellence Program to recruit, develop and retain highly skilled
and valued geoscientists, engineers, scientists and other
petrotechnical professionals who will collectively drive
innovation, advance performance and inspire the future of energy.
STEP is a highly valued program for technical contributors to focus
and advance on a technical, non-managerial career path and provides
a competitive advantage for Occidental through the optimum
application of technology. The Chief Petrotechnical Officer leads
all aspects of STEP and reports directly to Occidental’s President
and CEO.
Occidental also offers employees development opportunities,
competitive compensation and attractive benefits, as discussed
further below.
DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING
Occidental employees have access to extensive development and
training opportunities and programs to expand their personal and
professional skills and knowledge. Occidental’s approach to
education includes:
■Leadership/management
training to develop leadership skills at all levels;
■Self-directed
learning and development, including web-based and instructor-led
training;
■An
employee development library;
■Mentoring
programs;
■Employee
resource groups; and
■Educational
assistance to support employees’ continuing education.
In January 2022, Occidental expanded its development and training
opportunities and programs from 94 on-demand professional
development classes to over 3,000 on-demand classes with over
26,000 types of learning materials (videos, audio books,
etc.).
In May 2022, Occidental launched its new domestic mentoring
program, EMPower. The purpose of this program is to provide an
avenue for enhancing critical business skills, broadening employee
networks, and engaging our employees. This program is available for
all domestic employees. EMPower is intended to help employees reach
their potential through training and empowerment, allowing
employees to advance in their careers and develop critical
skills.
EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS
In addition to prioritizing employee engagement and development,
Occidental’s compensation and benefits program is designed to
attract and retain the talent necessary to achieve its business
strategy. The compensation and benefits program recognizes and
rewards strong company and individual performance with competitive
base salaries, an annual bonus program, recognition awards,
long-term performance incentives and advancement opportunities. In
2022, Occidental awarded a one-time special bonus to recognize the
innovative and dedicated work of the company’s employees and
resulting strong operational and financial performance. The
Company’s compensation and benefits program is routinely reviewed
and benchmarked to ensure competitiveness and to provide the
benefits that matter most to current and future
employees.
Occidental strives to give employees the tools and resources they
need to succeed both professionally and personally and to foster a
safe and collaborative work environment. To that end, Occidental
offers, and regularly evaluates, its comprehensive health, welfare
and retirement and savings benefits plans, professional memberships
and work/life balance benefits. It also provides programs to
enhance and support employees’ overall well-being, including their
physical, mental, social and financial health.
In January 2022, Occidental introduced a new benefit service
provider that provides a health care concierge service to help
families manage and navigate medical, in-home care, housing, and
social/emotional support, for their own or their families’ complex
care needs. Furthermore, to make the most of employees’ benefits,
it is important employees are aware of all that the company has to
offer to help employees live well and work well. In the fall of
2022, members of the company’s Employee Benefits department
presented a Total Rewards Roadshow and traveled to numerous
Occidental sites to connect with employees, answer questions and
share valuable information about benefits.
MENTAL HEALTH
Addressing well-being is imperative to ensure that Occidental’s
employees stay resilient, healthy and productive. In 2021,
Occidental launched the global well-being campaign “Commit to You”
to educate employees and leaders about how its benefits can support
them under the four pillars of well-being: mental, physical, social
and financial.
In 2022, Occidental prioritized the importance of mental health and
well-being through manager and employee programs and events. One
program, sponsored by OxyHealth and the Mental Health Matters ERG,
was a "Talk Saves Lives" conversation with the American Foundation
for Suicide Prevention to learn about common risk factors, how to
spot warning signs in others, and how to keep employees, loved
ones, and those in the community safe. Most recently, on January 1,
2023, the company launched an enhanced mental health benefit
through Lyra Health. Lyra Health provides mental and emotional
healthcare that is effective, convenient and personalized to all
employees globally.
Occidental continues to be a member of One Mind at Work, an
employer coalition dedicated to implementing a gold standard for
workplace mental health by combating stigma, improving access to
treatment and prevention services and fostering a psychologically
safe culture. In 2022, Occidental’s CEO and the Chairman of One
Mind at Work participated in a video broadcast for employees about
breaking down the stigma around mental health challenges at work
and what Occidental employees can expect as we transition into an
organization where mental health is an accepted and visible part of
its well-being.
HEALTH AND SAFETY
The health and safety of Occidental’s workforce and communities is
a top priority. In 2022, the Board approved updates to the
company’s longstanding Health, Safety and Environmental Principles
(as revised, the HSE and Sustainability Principles) that management
recommended based on engagement with shareholders, employees and
other stakeholders. The HSE and Sustainability Principles reinforce
the alignment among Occidental’s core values, goals and strategies,
underpin the operational management system, and help to guide
Occidentals global workforce. Occidental endeavors to apply these
principles to improve workplace and contractor safety, prevent and
mitigate incidents, and safeguard people and the environment in the
communities where it operates. In addition to complying with
applicable HSE laws, regulations, policies and procedures,
employees and contractors are empowered and expected to stop any
job or activity if they observe conditions that may give rise to a
safety or environmental incident, and they are often recognized for
doing so.
WORKFORCE COMPOSITION
The below table approximates regional distribution of Occidental’s
employees as of December 31, 2022:
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North America |
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Middle East |
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Latin America |
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Other
(a)
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Total
(b)
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Union |
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416 |
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800 |
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50 |
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— |
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1,266 |
Non-Union |
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7,842 |
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2,624 |
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121 |
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120 |
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10,707 |
Total |
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8,258 |
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3,424 |
|
171 |
|
120 |
|
11,973 |
(a)Other
headcount included North Africa, Europe and Asia.
(b)Included
approximately 2,800 employees in OxyChem.
The below table approximates the self-reported gender and
ethnicity, excluding non-specified ethnicities, of Occidental’s
domestic leadership and other employees as of December 31, 2022.
Executive and senior officials and managers are considered top
leadership while first- and mid-level officials and managers are
considered junior leadership. Individual contributors are excluded
from the leadership categories but included in all employee
percentages.
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Male |
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Female |
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White |
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non-White |
All employees |
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78 |
% |
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22 |
% |
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66 |
% |
|
34 |
% |
All leadership |
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78 |
% |
|
22 |
% |
|
75 |
% |
|
25 |
% |
Top leadership |
|
83 |
% |
|
17 |
% |
|
85 |
% |
|
15 |
% |
Junior leadership |
|
78 |
% |
|
22 |
% |
|
75 |
% |
|
25 |
% |
We have also publicly disclosed the Consolidated EEO-1 Report that
Occidental submitted in 2022 to the U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission for the 2021 fiscal year, which can be found
on the sustainability section of our website.
Occidental’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form
10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those
reports are available free of charge on its website, www.oxy.com,
as soon as reasonably practicable after Occidental electronically
files the material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. In addition,
copies of Occidental’s annual report will be made available, free
of charge, upon written request.
From time to time, Occidental has made and expects in the future to
use its website as a channel of distribution of material
information regarding the Company. Financial and other material
information regarding the Company is routinely posted on
Occidental’s website and accessible at
www.oxy.com/investors/.
Information contained on Occidental’s website is not part of or
incorporated into this Form 10-K or any other filings with the
SEC.
GENERAL
Occidental primarily conducts its ongoing exploration and
production activities in the United States, the Middle East and
North Africa. Within the United States, Occidental has operations
primarily in Texas, New Mexico and Colorado, as well as offshore in
the Gulf of Mexico. Internationally, Occidental primarily conducts
operations in the UAE, Oman and Algeria. Refer to the Oil and Gas
Acreage section in Supplemental
Oil and Gas Information under Item 8 of this Form 10-K for
further disclosure of Occidental’s holdings of developed and
undeveloped oil and gas acreage.
COMPETITION
As a producer of oil, NGL and natural gas, Occidental competes with
numerous other domestic and international public, private and
government producers. Oil, NGL and natural gas are sensitive to
prevailing global and local market conditions, as well as
anticipated market conditions. Occidental’s competitive strategy
relies on producing hydrocarbons in a capital efficient manner
through developing conventional and unconventional fields, and
utilizing primary, secondary (waterflood) and tertiary
(CO2
and steam flood) recovery techniques in areas where Occidental has
a competitive advantage as a result of its successful operations or
investments in shared infrastructure. Occidental also competes to
develop and produce its worldwide oil and gas reserves safely,
sustainably and cost-effectively, maintain a skilled workforce and
use high quality service providers. Occidental believes that its
core competencies in CO2
separation, transportation, use, recycling and storage in EOR
provide a competitive advantage over its peers as the world
transitions to a less carbon-intensive economy and seeks to remove
CO2
from the atmosphere.
PROVED RESERVES AND SALES VOLUMES
The table below shows Occidental’s year-end oil, NGL and natural
gas proved reserves. See the information under Oil and Gas Segment
in the Management's Discussion and Analysis section under Part II,
Item 7, of this Form 10-K for details regarding Occidental’s proved
reserves, the reserves estimation process, sales and production
volumes, production costs and other reserves-related
data.
COMPARATIVE OIL AND GAS PROVED RESERVES AND SALES
VOLUMES
Oil and NGL is in MMbbl; natural gas is in Bcf.
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|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
|
|
Oil |
NGL |
Gas |
Boe |
(a)
|
Oil |
NGL |
Gas |
Boe |
(a)
|
Oil |
NGL |
Gas |
Boe |
(a)
|
Proved Reserves
(b)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
1,639 |
|
654 |
|
4,073 |
|
2,972 |
|
|
1,466 |
|
564 |
|
3,419 |
|
2,600 |
|
|
1,144 |
|
384 |
|
2,446 |
|
1,936 |
|
|
International |
274 |
|
192 |
|
2,277 |
|
845 |
|
|
305 |
|
202 |
|
2,431 |
|
912 |
|
|
331 |
|
215 |
|
2,573 |
|
975 |
|
|
Total |
1,913 |
|
846 |
|
6,350 |
|
3,817 |
|
|
1,771 |
|
766 |
|
5,850 |
|
3,512 |
|
|
1,475 |
|
599 |
|
5,019 |
|
2,911 |
|
|
Sales Volumes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
185 |
|
83 |
|
445 |
|
342 |
|
|
182 |
|
79 |
|
477 |
|
341 |
|
|
205 |
|
81 |
|
561 |
|
380 |
|
|
International |
41 |
|
12 |
|
164 |
|
81 |
|
|
44 |
|
12 |
|
172 |
|
85 |
|
|
59 |
|
13 |
|
195 |
|
104 |
|
|
Total |
226 |
|
95 |
|
609 |
|
423 |
|
|
226 |
|
91 |
|
649 |
|
426 |
|
|
264 |
|
94 |
|
756 |
|
484 |
|
|
(a)Natural
gas volumes are converted to Boe at six Mcf of gas per one barrel
of oil. Conversion to Boe does not necessarily result in price
equivalency.
(b)Excluded
reserves and sales volumes related to Occidental’s discontinued
operations.
GENERAL
OxyChem owns and operates manufacturing plants at 21 domestic sites
in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, New
Jersey, Ohio, Tennessee and Texas and at two international sites in
Canada and Chile.
COMPETITION
OxyChem competes with numerous other domestic and international
chemical producers. OxyChem’s market position was first or second
in the United States in 2022 for the principal basic chemical
products it manufactured and marketed as well as for VCM. OxyChem
ranks in the top three producers of PVC in the United States.
OxyChem’s competitive strategy is to be a low-cost producer of its
products in order to compete on price.
OxyChem produced the following products:
|
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Principal Products |
Major Uses |
Annual Capacity |
Basic Chemicals |
|
|
Chlorine
|
Raw material for EDC, water treatment and
pharmaceuticals |
3.2 million tons |
Caustic soda
|
Pulp, paper and aluminum production
|
3.3 million tons |
Chlorinated organics
|
Refrigerants(a),
silicones and pharmaceuticals
|
1 billion pounds |
Potassium chemicals
|
Fertilizers, batteries, soaps, detergents and specialty
glass
|
0.4 million tons |
EDC
|
Raw material for VCM
|
2.1 billion pounds |
Chlorinated isocyanurates |
Swimming pool sanitation and disinfecting products
|
150 million pounds |
Sodium silicates
|
Catalysts, soaps, detergents and paint pigments
|
0.6 million tons |
Calcium chloride
|
Ice melting, dust control, road stabilization and oil field
services
|
0.7 million tons |
Vinyls |
|
|
VCM
|
Precursor for PVC
|
6.2 billion pounds |
PVC
|
Piping, building materials and automotive and medical
products
|
3.7 billion pounds |
Ethylene
|
Raw material for VCM
|
1.3 billion pounds(b)
|
(a)Included
4CPe, a raw material used in making next generation refrigerants
with low global warming and zero ozone depletion
potential.
(b)Amount
is gross production capacity for 50/50 joint venture with
Orbia.
|
|
|
MIDSTREAM AND MARKETING OPERATIONS |
GENERAL
Occidental’s midstream and marketing operations primarily support
and enhance its oil and gas and chemical businesses. The midstream
and marketing segment strives to optimize the use of its gathering,
processing, transportation, storage and terminal commitments and to
provide access to domestic and international markets. To generate
returns, the segment evaluates opportunities across the value chain
to provide services to Occidental subsidiaries, as well as third
parties. The midstream and marketing segment operates or contracts
for services on gathering systems, gas plants, co-generation
facilities and storage facilities and invests in entities that
conduct similar activities, such as WES and DEL, which are
accounted for as equity method investments. WES owns gathering
systems, plants and pipelines and earns revenue from fee-based and
service-based contracts with Occidental and third parties. DEL owns
and operates a pipeline that connects its gas processing and
compression plant in Qatar and its receiving facilities in the UAE,
and uses its network of DEL-owned and other existing leased
pipelines to supply natural gas across the UAE and to Oman. The
midstream segment includes Al Hosn Gas, a processing facility in
the UAE that removes sulfur from natural gas and processes the
natural gas and sulfur for sale. The midstream and marketing
segment also includes OLCV businesses.
LOW-CARBON BUSINESS
Leveraging Occidental’s carbon management expertise, OLCV primarily
focuses on advancing carbon removal and CCUS projects, including
developing and commercializing DAC technology. OLCV also invests in
third-party entities that are developing technologies that advance
other low-carbon initiatives, including NET Power, a clean energy
technology company.
COMPETITION
Occidental’s midstream and marketing businesses operate in
competitive and highly regulated markets. Occidental competes for
capacity and infrastructure for the gathering, processing,
transportation, storage and delivery of its products, which are
sold at current market prices or on a forward basis to refiners,
end users and other market participants. Occidental’s marketing
business competes with other market participants on exchange
platforms and through other bilateral transactions with direct
counterparties. OLCV and its businesses and investees also face a
broad range of competitors including state-owned enterprises;
multinational companies in the energy, infrastructure,
manufacturing, transportation, technology and financial sectors;
and startup companies, with nascent markets for low-carbon products
and CO2
removal credits that are subject to rapidly changing laws,
regulations, policies and reporting and verification mechanisms
that can significantly impact the financing, construction and
operation of projects and the development of markets.
Occidental’s midstream and marketing operations are conducted in
the locations described below as of December 31,
2022:
|
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|
Location |
Description |
Capacity
(a)
|
Gas Plants |
|
Texas, New Mexico and Colorado |
Occidental and third-party-operated natural
gas/CO2
gathering, compression and processing systems
|
2.2 Bcf/d |
Texas, Rocky Mountains and Other |
Equity investment in WES - gas processing facilities |
5.0 Bcf/d |
UAE |
Natural gas processing facilities for Al Hosn Gas |
1.3 Bcf/d |
Pipelines and Gathering Systems |
|
Texas, New Mexico and Colorado |
CO2
fields and pipeline systems transporting CO2
to oil and gas producing locations
|
2.8 Bcf/d |
Qatar, UAE and Oman |
Equity investment in the DEL natural gas pipeline |
3.2 Bcf/d |
United States |
Equity investment in WES involved in gathering and
transportation |
14,712 miles of pipeline |
Power Generation |
|
Texas and Louisiana |
Occidental-operated power and steam generation
facilities |
1,218 megawatts of electricity and 1.6 million pounds of steam per
hour |
OLCV |
|
Texas |
Occidental-owned solar generation facility |
16.8 megawatts of electricity |
Texas |
Equity investment in a zero-emission natural gas generation
demonstration facility |
up to 50 megawatts of electricity |
Canada |
Equity investment in developing DAC technology, which captures
CO2
directly from the atmosphere
|
N/A |
(a)Amounts
are gross, including interests held by third parties. Gas
capacities are expressed in Bcf/d.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risks related to government regulations and the
environment
Governmental actions and political instability may adversely affect
Occidental’s businesses and results of operations.
Occidental’s businesses are subject to, and may be adversely
affected by, the actions and decisions of many federal, state,
local and international governments and political interests. As a
result, Occidental faces risks of:
■New
or amended laws and regulations, or new or different applications
or interpretations of existing laws and regulations, including
those related to drilling, manufacturing or production processes
(including flaring and well stimulation techniques such as
hydraulic fracturing and acidization), pipelines, labor and
employment, taxes, royalty rates, permitted production rates,
entitlements, import, export and use of raw materials, equipment or
products, use or increased use of land, water and other natural
resources, air emissions (including restrictions, taxes or fees on
emissions of methane, CO2,or
other substances), water recycling and disposal, waste minimization
and disposal, public and occupational health and safety, the
manufacturing of chemicals, asset integrity management, the
marketing or export of commodities, security, environmental
protection, and climate change-related and sustainability
initiatives, all of which may restrict or prohibit activities of
Occidental or its contractors or customers, increase Occidental’s
costs or reduce demand for Occidental’s products.
■Violation
of certain governmental laws and regulations, which may result in
strict, joint and several liability and the imposition of
significant administrative, civil or criminal fines and penalties
and may also result in liability for remedial actions or
assessments. Litigation, orders or other proceedings asserting
strict, joint and several liability under such laws and regulations
may seek to impose significant administrative, civil or criminal
fines and penalties, damages or remedial actions or to require
significant changes to, or even closure of, facilities or
operations;
■Refusal
of, or delay in, the extension or grant of exploration, development
or production contracts; and
■Development
delays and cost overruns due to approval delays for, or denial of,
drilling, construction, environmental and other regulatory
approvals, permits and authorizations
.
In November 2021, Congress passed and President Biden signed the
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. The Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act reinstated the federal Superfund excise
taxes on various chemicals that OxyChem manufactures. These excise
taxes could lead to higher costs and impact margins. The
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act also authorized the U.S.
government to award grants for CCUS research, development and
demonstration; carbon transport and storage infrastructure and
permitting; carbon utilization and market development; and carbon
removal. These grant programs were developed during 2022 and the
awarding of grants in 2023 or future years could affect the
selection and deployment of competing low-carbon technologies and
the financing and market acceptance of proposed
projects.
In August 2022, Congress passed and President Biden signed the
Inflation Reduction Act, which expanded policy support and
incentives for deployment of DAC, CCUS, hydrogen and other
low-carbon projects, including several enhancements to federal tax
credits. The Inflation Reduction Act also established an escalating
methane emissions fee that the EPA will impose on certain upstream
and midstream oil and gas operations per metric ton of methane
emissions above certain thresholds commencing in 2024. The impact
of this fee on Occidental will depend on implementing regulations
that are expected to be issued in 2023.
In November 2021, the U.S. Department of the Interior released its
Report on the Federal Oil and Gas Leasing Program, recommending
increasing royalty rates and rents for drilling programs on federal
public lands and in federal offshore waters, in addition to
prioritizing leasing in areas with known resource potential and in
proximity to existing oil and gas infrastructure and avoiding
leasing in areas with competing uses such as recreation, wildlife
habitat, conservation and historical and cultural resources. If the
U.S. Department of the Interior were to issue regulations
implementing these recommendations, Occidental’s subsidiaries could
incur increased federal royalties and face restrictions on future
potential drilling sites or infrastructure on federal
lands.
In January 2022, the U.S. District Court for the District of
Columbia invalidated the results of the BOEM oil and gas lease sale
257 in the Gulf of Mexico, in which an Occidental subsidiary was
the high bidder on 30 additional new blocks located nearby to its
existing host platforms, ruling that the BOEM’s environmental
analysis of GHG emissions was inadequate under NEPA. The U.S.
Department of the Interior, which oversees federal oil and gas
development, is currently reviewing the decision. In August 2022,
Congress reinstated the lease sale in the IRA, and the Occidental
subsidiary received the leases in October 2022. Motions to dismiss
are pending in the legal challenge to the lease sale. The BOEM’s
authorization to hold lease sales expired in July 2022. The Bureau
of Ocean Energy Management has issued a proposed 2023-2028
Five-Year Program which is subject to environmental review and
public comment, and must be approved before future lease sales can
occur.
In June 2022, advocacy groups filed a petition in the U.S. District
Court for the District of Columbia against the BLM seeking to
invalidate numerous drilling permits for oil and gas wells on
federal lands in New Mexico and Wyoming, and potentially other
states, that were approved by the BLM during the Biden
Administration, including certain permits obtained by Occidental
subsidiaries. The plaintiffs allege that the BLM failed to comply
with various statutes, including NEPA, the Endangered Species Act
and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, by not adequately
addressing GHG emissions
and climate change in the environmental documents underlying the
approvals. Occidental, other producers and multiple trade
associations have intervened and the BLM is preparing an
administrative record. Similar cases challenge permits issued to
other operators with respect to the BLM’s consideration of GHG and
other air emissions under NEPA and other statutes.
In January 2023, the White House Council on Environmental Quality
issued interim guidance to federal agencies for evaluating GHG
emissions under NEPA that applies to certain federal actions such
as oil and gas leasing and permitting on federal lands. The interim
guidance, which is subject to public comment until March 2023,
recommends that agencies quantify a project’s reasonably
foreseeable direct and indirect GHG emissions and assign a monetary
impact of the GHGs by applying a social cost of carbon selected by
the government.
Although the foregoing BOEM proposed Five-Year Program for offshore
leasing, the White House Council on Environmental Quality guidance
and lawsuits do not affect Occidental’s existing production or
planned 2023 drilling and completions activity, restrictions or
uncertainty regarding federal lease sales and permits and
associated royalty and regulatory requirements could impact the
future ability to develop resources efficiently on federal lands
and in federal waters.
Significant areas of the Permian Basin in West Texas and Southeast
New Mexico are subject to current or proposed land use restrictions
under the Endangered Species Act. In August 2022, in response to a
lawsuit by advocacy groups, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
agreed to decide before the end of June 2023 whether to add the
Dunes Sagebrush Lizard to the list of threatened and endangered
species. In November 2022, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
published a final rule listing the Lesser Prairie Chicken as
endangered. Although Occidental has entered into voluntary
conservation agreements with respect to these and other species and
their associated habitat in the Permian Basin, listing of such
species may impose significant operational requirements and costs
and increase the potential for litigation and enforcement
actions.
In January 2021, the COGCC adopted new regulations that impose
siting requirements or “setbacks” on certain oil and gas drilling
locations based on the distance of a proposed well pad to occupied
structures. Pursuant to the regulations, well pads cannot be
located within 500 feet of an occupied structure without the
consent of the property owner. As part of the permitting process,
the COGCC will consider a series of siting requirements for all
drilling locations located between 500 feet and 2,000 feet of an
occupied structure. Alternatively, the operator may seek a waiver
from each owner and tenant within the designated distance.
Occidental has a dedicated, multidisciplinary stakeholder relations
team that conducts regulatory and community outreach with respect
to its permit applications and operations in Colorado. Under these
new regulations and through thoughtful surface location planning,
Occidental has obtained COGCC approval for five Oil and Gas
Development Plans, inclusive of 12 well pad and facility locations
and approximately 150 wells. In addition to the approximately 150
wells approved through the Oil and Gas Development Plan process,
during the third quarter of 2022, Occidental became the first oil
and gas operator in Colorado to obtain COGCC approval for the first
Comprehensive Area Plan under the new COGCC rules. This
comprehensive plan will support nine well pads and approximately
140 new wells and will provide for substantial future development
in a geographically remote area on Colorado’s eastern plains. Oil
and Gas Development Plans associated with the Comprehensive Area
Plan will be submitted in 2023. While, as of December 31, 2022,
Occidental is permitted, or had permit applications submitted to
applicable regulatory agencies, for nearly all planned 2023
drilling and completions activity in the DJ Basin, any significant
delays could result in changes to our development program in the DJ
Basin and our ability to establish new proved undeveloped locations
by meeting the SEC’s “reasonably certain” threshold for adding PUD
reserves.
Texas and New Mexico have experienced an increase in seismic
activity, with events measuring magnitude 3 or greater in each
state. In the fourth quarter of 2021, both states issued new
guidelines for operators to prevent or mitigate seismic activity,
focused on produced water disposal wells. These guidelines also
require operators to implement response plans for activities within
agency-designated seismic response areas. These states have
curtailed water disposal and suspended permits in seismic response
areas, particularly in deep disposal wells. Occidental does not
operate deep disposal wells in the seismic response areas
established by the state agencies to date, and its shallow disposal
wells have been authorized to operate at agency-approved volume
limits. Occidental also has central water treatment and recycling
facilities that reduce the need for disposal of produced water.
While Occidental’s ability to drill and complete wells or to
dispose of surplus produced water has not been impacted by these
seismic guidelines to date, increased seismicity, or regulatory
responses to seismic events, could impact the location, timing and
cost of Occidental’s development program and existing operations in
seismic response areas.
In 2016, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was amended to
expand the EPA’s authority to evaluate and regulate new and
existing chemicals. The EPA is currently evaluating, or developing
regulations with respect to, certain chemicals that OxyChem
produces or uses in its chemical manufacturing operations. In April
2022, the EPA issued a proposed rule with respect to one chemical
used in OxyChem’s manufacturing operations, but the EPA has not
issued final regulations under the 2016 TSCA amendments with
respect to any of these chemicals to date. Depending on the scope
of any such final regulations, or of future TSCA regulations,
OxyChem’s ability to use certain chemicals or to manufacture or
sell certain of its products could be restricted and its costs
could increase.
In addition, Occidental has experienced and may continue to
experience adverse consequences, such as risk of loss or production
limitations, because certain of its international operations are
located in countries affected by political instability,
nationalizations, corruption, armed conflict, terrorism,
insurgency, civil unrest, security problems, labor unrest, OPEC
production restrictions, equipment import restrictions and
sanctions. Exposure to such risks may increase if a greater
percentage of Occidental’s future oil and gas production or revenue
comes from international sources.
Climate change and further regulation of GHG and other air
emissions may adversely affect Occidental’s businesses and results
of operations.
Continuing political, social and industry attention to climate
change has resulted in both existing and pending international
agreements and national, regional and local legislation and
regulatory programs to reduce GHG emissions. The Biden
Administration has identified climate change as a priority and has
described a variety of avenues to prohibit or restrict oil and gas
development activities in certain areas. In addition to the
governmental actions described above, in February 2021, the Biden
Administration established an Interagency Working Group to assign a
price to the impact of each metric ton of GHG emissions that
federal agencies could use to assess the benefits of more stringent
GHG regulations and policy support for low-carbon projects. The
Interagency Working Group set an interim value of $51 per metric
ton of CO2
emissions at a 3% discount rate, and is expected to issue an
updated value in April 2023.
In June 2021, Congress and President Biden reinstated the methane
provisions of EPA’s 2012 and 2016 regulations, an action that
Occidental supported. In November 2021, the White House Office of
Domestic Climate Policy issued a U.S. Methane Emissions Reduction
Action Plan that solicited public comment on the EPA’s proposed
framework to expand federal regulation of methane and volatile
organic compound emissions from a broader set of new upstream and
midstream oil and gas operations, as well as various existing
operations.
In November 2022, the EPA issued a supplemental proposal that
would, through a combination of direct EPA regulation and state
implementation plans, expand leak detection and repair programs,
require rapid reporting and correction of larger emission sources,
require emission controls for new and existing wells and facilities
and certain types of activities, require replacement or conversion
of certain emitting equipment such as pneumatic controllers, and
encourage the use of advanced technologies to detect and measure
methane emissions. Provisions applicable to emission sources built
or modified after November 2021 would apply upon publication of the
final rule, expected in 2023, provisions applicable to existing
sources would take effect in 2028, and state plans to implement the
rule would be due in 2025. The EPA has also requested public
comments on the implementation of the IRA’s methane fee, and on the
future expansion of the methane and volatile organic compound
regulations to cover additional potential emission sources from
abandoned but unplugged wells and certain pipeline and trucking
activities. In November 2022, the BLM also proposed regulations to
restrict venting and flaring from oil and gas operations on federal
lands which are expected to be issued in 2023.
In June 2022, the EPA proposed to amend its GHG Reporting Rule to
incorporate additional oil and gas sources and equipment, revise
existing emissions estimation methodologies and calculations, and
increase data collection, particularly for new or modified
emissions sources. The EPA has proposed the amendments to apply to
2023 emissions that must be reported in the first quarter of 2024.
These proposed amendments could increase Occidental’s reported
estimated emissions from certain sources or types of equipment in
its U.S. oil and gas operations. The EPA also proposed changes to
the reporting that Occidental submits as a CO2
supplier and for the injection of CO2,
as well as a new reporting category for sequestration of
CO2
associated with enhanced oil recovery. The IRA also directed the
EPA to update its GHG Reporting Rule to require greater use of
measurements or empirical data, instead of emissions factors, by
the third quarter of 2024.
Several state governments have also established rules aimed at
reducing GHG emissions, some including GHG cap and trade programs
and others directly regulating equipment that emits GHGs, including
methane, and other compounds. Most of these cap and trade programs
work by requiring major sources of emissions, such as electric
power plants, or major producers of fuels, including refineries and
natural gas processing plants, to acquire and surrender emission
allowances. Other U.S. states where Occidental operates, including
Colorado, New Mexico and Texas, adopted or proposed new
regulations, policies or strategies in 2021 and 2022 that increase
inspection, recordkeeping, reporting, enforcement and controls on
flaring, venting and equipment that emit methane and other
compounds at oil and gas facilities. In certain instances, these
states anticipate tying the processing and active status of oil and
gas permits, including drilling permits, to air emissions and
compliance. For example, Colorado has established GHG intensity
targets for DJ Basin operators in 2025, 2027 and 2030, which
Occidental currently meets.
These and other governmental actions relating to GHG and other air
emissions are expected to require Occidental to incur increased
operating and maintenance costs including higher rates charged by
service providers and costs to purchase, operate and maintain
emissions control systems, acquire emission allowances, pay taxes
or fees for methane or carbon emissions and comply with new
regulatory or reporting requirements; and they could prevent
Occidental from conducting oil and gas development activities in
certain areas. They could also promote the use of alternative
sources of energy and thereby decrease demand for oil, NGL and
natural gas and other products that Occidental’s businesses
produce, and could also materially impact OLCV’s current or future
operations and strategy. Any such legislation or regulatory
programs could also increase the cost of consuming, and thereby
reduce demand for, oil, NGL, natural gas or other products produced
by Occidental’s businesses and lower the value of its reserves.
Consequently, governmental actions designed to reduce GHG emissions
could have an adverse effect on Occidental’s businesses, financial
condition, results of operations, cash flows and
reserves.
It is difficult to predict the timing, certainty and scope of such
government actions and their ultimate effect on Occidental, which
could depend on, among other things, the type and extent of GHG
emissions reductions required, the availability and price of
emission allowances or credits, the availability and price of
alternative fuel sources, the energy sectors covered
and
Occidental’s ability to recover the costs incurred through its
operating agreements or the pricing of its oil, NGL, natural gas
and other products and whether service providers are able to pass
increased costs through to Occidental.
There also have been efforts in the investment community, including
investment advisers, financial institutions and certain sovereign
wealth, pension and endowment funds, as well as political actors
and other stakeholders, promoting divestment of fossil fuel
equities, reducing access to capital markets and pressuring lenders
to limit funding or increase the cost of lending to companies
engaged in the extraction of fossil fuel reserves. Additionally,
institutional lenders who provide financing to oil and gas
companies have become more attentive to sustainable lending
practices, and some of them may substantially reduce, or elect not
to provide, funding for oil and gas companies. Such environmental
initiatives aimed at limiting climate change and reducing air
emissions could adversely affect Occidental’s business activities,
operations and ability to access capital, cause the market value of
its securities to decrease or its cost of capital to increase, and
adversely affect its reputation. Finally, increasing attention to
climate change risks has resulted in an increased possibility of
governmental investigations and additional private litigation
against Occidental without regard to causation or its contribution
to the asserted damage, which could increase its costs or otherwise
adversely affect our businesses.
Compliance costs and liabilities associated with health, safety and
environmental laws and regulations could have a material adverse
effect on Occidental’s or its subsidiaries’ businesses, financial
condition and results of operations.
Occidental and its subsidiaries and their respective operations are
subject to numerous laws and regulations relating to public and
occupational health, safety and environmental protection, including
those governing air and GHG emissions, water use and discharges,
waste management and protection of wildlife and ecosystems. The
requirements of these laws and regulations are becoming
increasingly complex, stringent and expensive to implement. Costs
of compliance with these laws and regulations are significant and
can be unpredictable. These laws sometimes provide for strict
liability for events that pose an impact or threat to public health
and safety or to the environment, including for funding or
performance of remediation and, in some cases, compensation for
alleged personal injury, property damage, natural resource damages,
punitive damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief and government
oversight costs. Strict liability can render Occidental or its
subsidiaries liable for damages without regard to their degree of
care or fault. Some environmental laws provide for joint and
several strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of
hazardous substances or materials, and, as a result, Occidental or
its subsidiaries could be liable for the actions of
others.
Occidental and its subsidiaries use and generate hazardous
substances or materials in their respective operations. In
addition, many of their current and former properties are, or have
been, used for industrial purposes. Accordingly, Occidental or its
subsidiaries have been, and could become, subject to significant
liabilities relating to the investigation, assessment and
remediation of potentially contaminated properties and to claims
alleging personal injury or property damage as a result of
exposures to, or releases of, hazardous substances or materials. As
of the date of this filing, Occidental believes its range of
reasonably possibly additional losses of its subsidiaries beyond
those amounts currently recorded for environmental remediation
could be up to $2.7 billion on a consolidated basis. For additional
discussion of some of these matters, see
Note 12 – Environmental Liabilities and Expenditures
and
Note 13 - Lawsuits, Claims, Commitments and Contingencies
in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II Item 8
of this Form 10-K.
In addition, stricter enforcement or changing interpretations of
existing laws and regulations, the enactment of new laws and
regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or
the imposition of new or increased requirements could require
Occidental or its subsidiaries to incur costs or become the basis
for new or increased liabilities that could have a material adverse
effect on their respective businesses, financial condition and
results of operations.
Occidental’s businesses may experience catastrophic
events.
The occurrence of severe weather events such as hurricanes, floods,
freezes and heat waves, droughts, earthquakes or other acts of
nature, pandemics, well blowouts, fires, explosions, pipeline
ruptures, chemical releases, oil releases, including maritime
releases, releases into navigable waters and groundwater
contamination, material or mechanical failure, power outages,
industrial accidents, physical or cyber attacks, abnormally
pressured or structured formations and other events that cause
operations to cease or be curtailed may negatively affect
Occidental’s businesses and the communities in which it operates.
Coastal operations are particularly susceptible to disruption from
severe weather events. Any of these risks could adversely affect
Occidental’s ability to conduct operations or result in substantial
losses as a result of:
■Damage
to and destruction of property and equipment, including property
and equipment owned by third-parties which its operations rely
upon;
■Damage
to natural resources;
■Pollution
and other environmental damage, including spillage or mishandling
of recovered chemicals or fluids;
■Regulatory
investigations, fines and penalties;
■Loss
of well location, acreage, expected production and related
reserves;
■Suspension
or delay of its operations;
■Substantial
liability claims; and
■Significant
repair and remediation costs that increase its break-even
economics.
Third-party insurance may not provide adequate coverage or
Occidental or its subsidiaries may be self-insured with respect to
the related losses. In addition, under certain circumstances,
Occidental or its subsidiaries may be liable for environmental
conditions on properties that they currently own, lease or operate
that were caused by previous owners or operators of those
properties. As a result, Occidental or its subsidiaries may incur
substantial liabilities to third parties or governmental entities
for environmental matters for which they do not have insurance
coverage, which could reduce or eliminate funds available for
exploration, development, acquisitions or other investments in
their respective businesses, or cause them to incur
losses.
The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting adverse economic conditions
have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on
Occidental’s businesses and operations and financial
condition.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused, and any resurgence of the pandemic
could again cause, disrupted global supply chains and significant
volatility in the financial markets. Current crude oil, NGL and
natural gas demand and prices could be negatively impacted by a
resurgence of COVID-19 cases, slow vaccine distribution in certain
large international economies or the recurrence or tightening of
travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders. If reduced demand for
and lower prices of crude oil, NGL and natural gas persist for a
prolonged period, Occidental’s operations, financial condition,
cash flows, level of expenditures and the quantity of estimated
proved reserves that may be attributed to its properties may be
materially and adversely affected. Occidental has not experienced
any significant disruptions as a result of any new COVID-19
variants, and it continues to monitor national, state and local
government directives where we have operations or offices. The
extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects
Occidental’s businesses, results of operations and financial
condition will depend on future developments, many of which are
outside of its control. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic may
continue to adversely affect Occidental’s businesses, results of
operations and financial condition, it may also have the effect of
heightening the other risks described herein.
Risks related to Occidental’s businesses and
operations
Volatile global and local commodity pricing strongly affect
Occidental’s results of operations.
Occidental’s financial results correlate closely to the prices it
obtains for its products, particularly oil and, to a lesser extent,
NGL, natural gas and its chemical products.
Prices for oil, NGL and natural gas fluctuate widely. Historically,
the markets for oil, NGL and natural gas have been volatile and may
continue to be volatile in the future. If the prices of oil, NGL or
natural gas continue to be volatile or decline, Occidental’s
operations, financial condition, cash flows, level of expenditures
and the quantity of estimated proved reserves that may be
attributed to its properties may be materially and adversely
affected. Prices are set by global and local market forces which
are not in Occidental’s control. These factors include, among
others:
■Worldwide
and domestic supplies of, and demand for, oil, NGL, natural gas and
refined products;
■The
cost of exploring for, developing, producing, refining and
marketing oil, NGL, natural gas and refined products;
■Operational
impacts such as production disruptions, technological advances and
regional market conditions, including available transportation
capacity and infrastructure constraints in producing
areas;
■Changes
in weather patterns and climate;
■The
impacts of the members of OPEC and other non-OPEC member-producing
nations that may agree to and maintain production
levels;
■The
ongoing global impact of the Russia-Ukraine war;
■The
worldwide military and political environment, including uncertainty
or instability resulting from an escalation or outbreak of armed
hostilities or acts of terrorism in the United States or
elsewhere;
■The
price and availability of and demand for alternative and competing
fuels and emissions reducing technology;
■Technological
advances affecting energy consumption and supply;
■Government
policies and support and market demand for low-carbon
technologies;
■Domestic
and international governmental regulations and taxes, including
those that restrict the export of hydrocarbons;
■Shareholder
activism or activities by non-governmental organizations to
restrict the exploration, development and production of oil, NGL
and natural gas;
■Additional
or increased nationalization and expropriation activities by
international governments;
■The
impact and uncertainty of world health events, including the
COVID-19 pandemic and the spread of new variants;
■The
effect of releases from the U.S. Strategic Petroleum
Reserve;
■Volatility
in commodity markets;
■The
effect of energy conservation efforts; and
■Global
inventory levels and general economic conditions.
The long-term effects of these and other conditions on the prices
of oil, NGL, natural gas and chemical products are uncertain and
there can be no assurance that the demand or pricing for
Occidental’s products will follow historic patterns in
the near term. Prolonged or substantial decline, or sustained
market uncertainty, in these commodity prices may have the
following effects on Occidental’s business:
■Adversely
affect Occidental’s financial condition, results of operations,
liquidity, ability to reduce debt, access to and cost of capital,
and ability to finance planned capital expenditures, pay dividends
and repurchase shares;
■Reduce
the amount of oil, NGL and natural gas that Occidental can produce
economically;
■Cause
Occidental to delay or postpone some of its capital
projects;
■Reduce
Occidental’s revenues, operating income or cash flows;
■Reduce
the amounts of Occidental’s estimated proved oil, NGL and natural
gas reserves;
■Reduce
the carrying value of Occidental’s oil and natural gas properties
due to recognizing impairments of proved properties, unproved
properties and exploration assets;
■Reduce
the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
relating to oil, NGL and natural gas reserves; and
■Adversely
affect the ability of Occidental’s partners to fund their working
interest capital requirements.
Generally, Occidental’s historical practice has been to remain
exposed to the market prices of commodities. As of December 31,
2022, there were no active commodity hedges in place. Management
may choose to put hedges in place in the future for oil, NGL and
natural gas commodities. Commodity price risk management activities
may prevent Occidental from fully benefiting from price increases
and may expose it to regulatory, counterparty credit and other
risks.
The prices obtained for Occidental’s chemical products correlate to
the strength of the United States and global economies, as well as
chemical industry expansion and contraction cycles. Occidental also
depends on feedstocks and energy to produce chemicals, which are
commodities subject to significant price fluctuations.
Occidental may experience delays, cost overruns, losses or other
unrealized expectations in development efforts and exploration
activities.
Oil, NGL and natural gas exploration and production activities are
subject to numerous risks beyond Occidental’s control, including
the risk that drilling will not result in commercially viable oil,
NGL and natural gas production. In its development and exploration
activities, Occidental bears the risks of:
■Equipment
failures;
■Construction
delays;
■Escalating
costs or competition for services, materials, supplies or
labor;
■Increasing
prices as a result of broad inflation
■Property
or border disputes;
■Disappointing
drilling results or reservoir performance;
■Title
problems and other associated risks that may affect its ability to
profitably grow production, replace reserves and achieve its
targeted returns;
■Actions
by third-party operators of its properties;
■Permit
delays and costs of drilling wells on lands subject to complex
development terms and circumstances; and
■Oil,
NGL and natural gas gathering, transportation and processing
availability, restrictions or limitations.
Exploration is inherently risky and is subject to delays,
misinterpretation of geologic or engineering data, unexpected
geologic conditions or finding reserves of disappointing quality or
quantity, which may result in significant losses.
Claims, litigation, government investigations and other proceedings
may adversely affect Occidental’s business, consolidated financial
position, results of operations and cash flows.
Occidental is subject to actual and threatened claims, litigation,
reviews, investigations, and other proceedings, including
proceedings by governments and regulatory authorities, involving a
wide range of issues, including regarding our drilling,
manufacturing or production processes, commercial disputes,
environmental compliance, public health and safety and taxes. The
outcomes of these matters are inherently unpredictable and subject
to significant uncertainties. Determining legal reserves or
possible losses from such matters involves judgment and may not
reflect the full range of uncertainties and unpredictable outcomes.
Until the final resolution of such matters, Occidental may be
exposed to losses in excess of the amount recorded, and such
amounts could be material. Should any of our estimates and
assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, it could have a
material adverse effect on Occidental’s business, consolidated
financial position, results of operations and cash
flows.
Disruptions in the political, regulatory, economic, and social
environments of the countries in which Occidental operates could
adversely affect its reputation, financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows.
Occidental’s non-US operations accounted for approximately 15% of
its consolidated revenue in 2022, 16% in 2021 and 19% in 2020.
Instability and unforeseen changes in any of the markets in which
Occidental operates could result in business disruptions or
operational challenges that may adversely affect the demand for
Occidental’s products and services, or its reputation, financial
condition, results of operations or cash flows. These factors
include, but are not limited to, the following:
■ Uncertain or volatile political, social,
and economic conditions;
■ Social unrest, acts of terrorism, war, or
other armed conflict;
■ Public health crises and other
catastrophic events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
■ Confiscatory taxation or other adverse tax
policies;
■ Theft of, or lack of sufficient legal
protection for, proprietary technology and other intellectual
property;
■ Unexpected changes in legal and regulatory
requirements, including changes in interpretation or enforcement of
existing laws;
■ Restrictions on the repatriation of income
or capital;
■ Currency exchange controls;
■ Inflation; and
■ Currency exchange, rate fluctuations and
devaluations.
Occidental’s oil and gas business operates in highly competitive
environments, which affect, among other things, its ability to
source production and replace reserves.
Results of operations, reserves replacement and the level of oil
and gas production depend, in part, on Occidental’s ability to
profitably acquire additional reserves. Occidental has many
competitors (including national oil companies), some of which: (i)
are larger and better funded; (ii) may be willing to accept greater
risks; (iii) have greater access to capital; (iv) have
substantially larger staffs; or (v) have special competencies.
Competition for access to reserves may make it more difficult to
find attractive investment opportunities or require delay of
reserve replacement efforts. Further, during periods of low product
prices, any cash conservation efforts may delay production growth
and reserve replacement efforts. Also, there is substantial
competition for capital available for investment in the oil and
natural gas industry. Occidental’s failure to acquire properties,
potentially grow production, replace reserves and attract and
retain qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on
its cash flows and results of operations.
In addition, Occidental’s acquisition activities carry risks that
it may: (i) not fully realize anticipated benefits due to
less-than-expected reserves or production or changed circumstances,
such as declines in oil, NGL and natural gas prices; (ii) bear
unexpected integration costs or experience other integration
difficulties; (iii) experience share price declines based on the
market’s evaluation of the activity; or (iv) be subject to
liabilities that are greater than anticipated.
Occidental’s oil and gas reserves are estimates based on
professional judgments and may be subject to revision.
Reported oil and gas reserves are an estimate based on periodic
review of reservoir characteristics and recoverability, including
production decline rates, operating performance and economic
feasibility at the prescribed weighted average commodity prices,
future operating costs and capital expenditures, workover and
remedial costs, assumed effects of regulation by governmental
agencies, the quantity, quality and interpretation of relevant
data, taxes and availability of funds. The procedures and methods
for estimating the reserves by Occidental’s internal engineers were
reviewed by independent petroleum consultants; however, there are
inherent uncertainties in estimating reserves. Actual production,
revenues, expenditures, oil, NGL and natural gas prices and taxes
with respect to Occidental’s reserves may vary from estimates and
the variance may be material. Additional regulation around GHG
emissions and future costs related to a less carbon-intensive
economy could result in a shortened oil and gas reservoir reserve
life as the underlying reserves become uneconomical. If Occidental
were required to make significant negative reserve revisions, its
results of operations and stock price could be adversely
affected.
In addition, the discounted cash flows included in this Form 10-K
should not be construed as the fair value of the reserves
attributable to Occidental’s properties. The estimated discounted
future net cash flows from proved reserves are based on an
unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price
for each month within the year in accordance with SEC regulations.
Actual future prices and costs may differ materially from SEC
regulation-compliant prices and costs used for purposes of
estimating future discounted net cash flows from proved reserves.
Also, actual future net cash flows may differ from these discounted
net cash flows due to the amount and timing of actual production,
availability of financing for capital expenditures necessary to
develop Occidental’s undeveloped reserves, supply and demand for
oil, NGL and natural gas, increases or decreases in consumption of
oil, NGL and natural gas and changes in governmental regulations or
taxation.
Occidental’s future results could be adversely affected if it is
unable to execute new business strategies effectively.
Occidental’s results of operations depend on the extent to which it
can execute new business strategies effectively relative to both
the societal transition to a less carbon-intensive economy and
laws, regulations and governmental and private actions regarding
the environment and climate change. Occidental’s strategies seek to
advance its goals of achieving net-zero emissions (i) from its
operations and energy use before 2040, with an ambition to do so
before 2035, and (ii) from its total carbon inventory, including
the use of its sold products, with an ambition to do so before
2050. Occidental’s strategies and goals are subject to business,
economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of
which are beyond its control. Additionally, Occidental may be
forced to develop or implement new technologies at substantial
costs to achieve its strategies. Effective execution of these goals
may require substantial new capital, which might not be available
to Occidental in the amounts or at the times expected. In addition,
raising such capital may increase its leverage or overall costs of
doing business. These uncertainties and costs could cause
Occidental to not be able to fully implement or realize the
anticipated results and benefits of its business
strategies.
Certain of Occidental’s emissions goals are dependent upon the
successful implementation of new and existing technologies on an
industrial scale. These technologies are in various stages of
development or implementation and may require more capital, or take
longer to develop, than currently expected. Further, these carbon
management technologies are in competition with technologies being
developed by other companies. The carbon management solutions are
not well established and, while Occidental believes it has access
to the technologies and the expertise necessary to develop these
solutions on an industrial scale, Occidental may not ultimately
succeed in achieving its GHG emissions reduction and net-zero
goals.
Occidental’s strategy to include carbon management in its product
line is also dependent upon demand for carbon sequestration and
related CO2
removal credits, offsets or other attributes. If this market does
not develop, or if the regulatory environment does not support
carbon management activities, Occidental may not be successful in
entering this industry.
Occidental’s aspirations, goals and initiatives related to carbon
management and overall sustainability expose it to numerous
risks.
Occidental continues to develop new technologies and strategies to
position it to meet its emissions reduction and net-zero goals.
Occidental’s efforts to research, establish, accomplish and
accurately report on our emissions goals, targets and strategies
expose it to numerous operational, reputational, financial, legal
and other risks. Occidental’s ability to reach our target emissions
is subject to a multitude of factors and conditions, many of which
are out of its control. Examples of such factors include evolving
government regulation and voluntary protocols for reporting or
verification of emissions, capture or sequestration, the pace of
changes in technology, the successful development and deployment of
existing or new technologies and business solutions on a commercial
scale, the availability, timing and cost of equipment, manufactured
goods and services, and the availability of requisite financing and
federal and state incentive programs.
In addition, historical, current and forward-looking
sustainability-related statements may be based on standards for
measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and
processes that continue to evolve and assumptions that are subject
to change in the future. There are multiple proposed or recently
adopted changes to various GHG reporting regulations and protocols,
including from the EPA, as noted earlier, as well as the SEC, the
GHG Protocol and certain countries and states, as well as for
additional controls, fees or taxes on emissions. In March 2022, for
example, the SEC proposed climate disclosure rules that would
require public companies to significantly increase disclosure of
GHG emissions and strategies, targets, costs and risks associated
with climate change and the energy transition. While Occidental has
reported voluntarily on its net-zero pathway and associated goals
and targets, as well as GHG emissions estimates, the proposed rules
would require both significant additional disclosure and
integration of such disclosure directly into financial reporting
processes. Occidental and numerous other stakeholders submitted
comments to the SEC on the proposed rules. The SEC is expected to
issue final rules in 2023. Given the potential significance of
these changes for estimation, reporting and verification of GHG
emissions, establishing and reporting on goals targets, and
estimating and disclosing costs of emissions reduction and the
energy transition, Occidental may be required or elect to modify or
update reported emissions and its current set of GHG goals and
targets to reflect such new or changed regulations and protocols,
although we currently expect to retain our overarching net-zero
goals and to continue to implement emissions reduction plans that
we believe will complement our investments in DAC, CCUS and other
low-carbon technologies and infrastructure.
Occidental may face increased scrutiny from the investment
community, customers, other stakeholders and the media related to
its emissions reduction and net-zero goals and strategies. If
Occidental’s emissions goals and strategies to achieve them do not
meet evolving investor or other stakeholder expectations or
standards, Occidental’s reputation, ability to attract and retain
employees and attractiveness as an investment, business partner,
supplier or acquirer could be negatively impacted. Similarly,
Occidental’s failure or perceived failure to fulfill its emissions
goals and targets, to comply with ethical, health, safety,
environmental, social, governance or other standards, regulations,
or expectations, or to satisfy various reporting standards with
respect to these matters effectively could have the same negative
impacts and further expose Occidental to government enforcement
actions and private litigation. Even if Occidental achieves its
goals, targets and objectives, it may not realize all of the
benefits that it expected at the time the goals were
established.
Occidental has previously recorded impairments of its proved and
unproved oil and gas properties and will continue to assess further
impairments in the future.
Occidental has recorded impairments of its proved and unproved oil
and gas properties resulting from prolonged declines in oil and gas
prices and may record such impairments in the future. Past
impairments included pre-tax impairment and related charges to both
proved and unproved oil and gas properties and a lower of cost or
net realizable value adjustment for crude inventory. If there is an
adverse downturn of the macroeconomic conditions and if such
downturn is expected to or does persist for a prolonged period of
time, Occidental’s oil and gas properties may be subject to further
testing for impairment, which could result in additional non-cash
asset impairments. Such impairments could be material to the
financial statements.
Future costs associated with reducing emissions and carbon impacts,
as well as impacts resulting from other risk factors described
herein, could lead to impairments in the future, if such costs
significantly increase Occidental’s breakeven
economics.
Occidental uses CO2
for its EOR operations. Occidental’s production from these
operations may decline if Occidental is not able to obtain
sufficient amounts of CO2.
Occidental’s CO2
EOR operations are critical to Occidental’s long-term strategy. Oil
production from Occidental’s CO2
EOR projects depends largely on having access to sufficient amounts
of naturally occurring or anthropogenic (human-made)
CO2.
Occidental’s ability to produce oil from its CO2
EOR projects would be hindered if the supply of
CO2
was limited due to, among other things, problems with current
CO2
producing wells and facilities, including compression equipment,
catastrophic pipeline failure or the ability to economically
purchase naturally occurring or anthropogenic CO2.
This could have a material adverse effect on Occidental’s financial
condition, results of operations or cash flows. Future oil
production from its CO2
EOR operations is dependent on the timing, volumes and location of
CO2
injection and, in particular, Occidental’s ability to obtain
sufficient volumes of CO2.
Market conditions may cause the delay or cancellation of the
development of naturally occurring CO2
sources or construction of plants that produce anthropogenic
CO2
as a byproduct that can be purchased, thus limiting the amount of
CO2
available for use in Occidental’s CO2
EOR operations.
Occidental is exposed to cyber-related risks.
The oil and gas industry is increasingly dependent on digital and
industrial control technologies to conduct certain exploration,
development and production activities. Occidental relies on digital
and industrial control systems, related infrastructure,
technologies and networks to run its business and to control and
manage its oil and gas, chemicals, marketing and pipeline
operations. Use of the internet, cloud services, mobile
communication systems and other public networks exposes
Occidental’s business and that of other third parties with whom
Occidental does business to cyber attacks. Cyber attacks on
businesses have escalated in recent years.
Information and industrial control technology system failures,
network disruptions and breaches of data security could disrupt our
operations by causing delays, impeding processing of transactions
and reporting financial results, leading to the unintentional
disclosure of company, partner, customer or employee information or
could damage our reputation. A cyber attack involving our
information or industrial control systems and related
infrastructure, or that of our business associates, could
negatively impact our operations in a variety of ways, including,
but not limited to, the following:
■Unauthorized
access to seismic data, reserves information, strategic information
or other sensitive or proprietary information could have a negative
impact on Occidental’s ability to compete for oil and natural gas
resources;
■Data
corruption, communication or systems interruption or other
operational disruption during drilling activities could result in
delays and failure to reach the intended target or cause a drilling
incident;
■Data
corruption, communication or systems interruption or operational
disruptions of production-related infrastructure could result in a
loss of production or accidental discharge;
■A
cyber attack on OxyChem’s operations could result in a disruption
of the manufacturing and marketing of its products or a potential
HSE hazard;
■A
cyber attack on a vendor or service provider could result in supply
chain disruptions, which could delay or halt our construction and
development projects;
■A
cyber attack on third-party gathering, pipeline, processing,
terminal or other infrastructure systems could delay or prevent
Occidental from producing, transporting, processing and marketing
its production;
■A
cyber attack involving commodities exchanges or financial
institutions could slow or halt commodities trading, thus
preventing Occidental from marketing its production or engaging in
hedging activities;
■A
cyber attack that halts activities at a power generation facility
or refinery using natural gas as feedstock could have a significant
impact on the natural gas market;
■A
cyber attack on a communications network or power grid could cause
operational disruption;
■A
cyber attack on Occidental’s automated and surveillance systems
could cause a loss in production and potential HSE
hazards;
■A
deliberate corruption of Occidental’s financial or operating data
could result in events of non-compliance which could then lead to
regulatory fines or penalties; and
■A
cyber attack resulting in the loss or disclosure of, or damage to,
Occidental’s or any of its customer’s or supplier’s data or
confidential information could harm its business by damaging its
reputation, subjecting Occidental to
potential financial or legal liability and requiring it to incur
significant costs, including costs to repair or restore its systems
and data or to take other remedial steps.
Although Occidental has implemented controls and multiple layers of
security that it believes are reasonable to mitigate the risks of a
cyber attack, there can be no assurance that such cyber security
measures will be sufficient to prevent security breaches of its
systems from occurring, and if a breach occurs, it may remain
undetected for an extended period of time. Further, Occidental has
no control over the comparable systems of the third parties with
whom it does business. While Occidental has experienced cyber
attacks in the past, Occidental has not suffered any material
losses. However, if in the future Occidental’s cyber security
measures are compromised or prove insufficient, the potential
consequences to Occidental’s businesses and the communities in
which it operates could be significant. As cyber attacks continue
to evolve in magnitude and sophistication, Occidental may be
required to expend additional resources in order to continue to
enhance its cyber security measures and to investigate and
remediate any digital and operational systems, related
infrastructure, technologies and network security vulnerabilities,
which would increase its costs. A system failure or data security
breach, or a series of such failures or breaches, could have a
material adverse effect on Occidental’s financial condition,
results of operations or cash flows.
Occidental’s oil and gas reserve additions may not continue at the
same rate and a failure to replace reserves may negatively affect
Occidental’s business.
Producing oil and natural gas reservoirs generally are
characterized by declining production rates that vary depending
upon reservoir characteristics and other factors. Unless Occidental
conducts successful exploration or development activities, acquires
properties containing proved reserves, or both, proved reserves
will generally decline and negatively impact our business. The
value of Occidental’s securities and its ability to raise capital
will be adversely impacted if it is not able to replace reserves
that are depleted by production or replace our declining production
with new production by successfully allocating annual capital to
maintain our reserves and production base. Occidental expects
infill development projects, extensions, discoveries and improved
recovery to continue as main sources for reserve additions but
factors such as geology, government regulations and permits, the
effectiveness of development plans and the ability to make the
necessary capital investments or acquire capital are partially or
fully outside management’s control and could cause results to
differ materially from expectations.
Occidental’s operations and financial results could be
significantly negatively impacted by its offshore
operations.
Occidental is vulnerable to risks associated with offshore
operations that could negatively impact its operations and
financial results. Certain Occidental subsidiaries conduct offshore
operations primarily in the Gulf of Mexico and their operations and
financial results are vulnerable to certain unique risks associated
with operating offshore, including conditions relating to the
following:
■Hurricanes
and other adverse weather conditions;
■Geological
complexities and water depths associated with such
operations;
■Limited
number of partners available to participate in
projects;
■Oilfield
service costs and availability;
■Compliance
with HSE and other laws and regulations;
■Terrorist
attacks or piracy;
■Remediation
and other costs and regulatory changes resulting from oil spills,
emissions or releases of hazardous substances or
materials;
■Failure
of equipment or facilities; and
■Response
capabilities for personnel, equipment or environmental
incidents.
In addition, certain Occidental subsidiaries conduct some of their
exploration in deep waters (greater than 1,000 feet) where
operations, support services and decommissioning activities are
more difficult and costly than in shallower waters. The deep waters
in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as international deep-water
locations, lack the physical and oilfield service infrastructure
present in shallower waters. As a result, deep-water operations may
require significant time between a discovery and the time that
Occidental can market its production, thereby increasing the risk
involved with these operations.
Anadarko’s Tronox settlement may not be deductible for income tax
purposes; Occidental may be required to repay the tax refund
Anadarko received in 2016 related to the deduction of the Tronox
settlement payment, which may have a material adverse effect on
Occidental’s results of operations, liquidity and financial
condition.
In April 2014, Anadarko and Kerr-McGee entered into a settlement
agreement for $5.2 billion, resolving, among other things, all
claims that were or could have been asserted in connection with the
May 2009 lawsuit filed by Tronox against Anadarko and Kerr-McGee in
the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.
After the settlement became effective in January 2015, Anadarko
paid $5.2 billion and deducted this payment on its 2015 federal
income tax return. Due
to the deduction, Anadarko had a net operating loss carryback for
2015, which resulted in a tentative tax refund of $881 million in
2016.
The IRS audited Anadarko’s tax position regarding the deductibility
of the payment and in September 2018 issued a statutory notice of
deficiency rejecting Anadarko’s refund claim. Anadarko disagreed
and filed a petition with the U.S. Tax Court to dispute the
disallowance in November 2018. In December 2022, the parties filed
competing motions for partial summary judgment. The motions are not
fully briefed. Trial is set for May 2023. Occidental expects to
continue pursuing resolution. In accordance with Accounting
Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 740’s guidance on the accounting
for uncertain tax positions, as of December 31, 2022, Occidental
had recorded no tax benefit on the tentative cash tax refund. If
the payment is ultimately determined not to be deductible,
Occidental would be required to repay the tentative refund received
plus interest totaling approximately $1.8 billion as of December
31, 2022, which could have a material adverse effect on our
liquidity and consolidated balance sheets. Occidental’s
Consolidated Financial Statements include an uncertain tax position
for the approximate repayment of $1.4 billion
($1.4 billion federal and $28 million in state taxes)
plus accrued interest of approximately $415 million. This
amount is not covered by insurance. For additional information on
income taxes, see
Note
10 - Income Taxes
in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II Item 8
of this Form 10-K.
Occidental’s indebtedness may make it more vulnerable to economic
downturns and adverse developments in its businesses. Downgrades in
Occidental’s credit ratings or future increases in interest rates
may negatively impact Occidental’s cost of capital, and ability to
access capital markets.
Occidental’s level of indebtedness could increase its vulnerability
to adverse changes in general economic and industry conditions,
economic downturns and adverse developments in its businesses or
limit Occidental’s flexibility in planning for or reacting to
changes in its business and the industries in which it operates.
From time to time, Occidental has relied on access to capital
markets for funding. Occidental’s ability to obtain additional
financing or refinancing will be subject to a number of factors,
including general economic and market conditions, Occidental’s
performance, investor sentiment and its ability to meet existing
debt compliance requirements. If Occidental is unable to generate
sufficient funds from its operations to satisfy its capital
requirements, including its existing debt obligations, or to raise
additional capital on acceptable terms, Occidental’s business could
be adversely affected. As of the date of this filing, Occidental’s
long-term debt was rated BB+ by Fitch Ratings, Ba1 by Moody’s
Investors Service and BB+ by Standard and Poor’s.
One of Occidental’s subsidiaries acts as the general partner of
WES, a publicly traded master limited partnership, which may
involve potential legal liability.
One of Occidental’s subsidiaries acts as the general partner of
WES, a publicly traded master limited partnership. Its general
partner interest in WES may increase the possibility that it could
be subject to claims of breach of duties owed to WES, including
claims of conflict of interest. Any such claims could increase
Occidental’s costs and any liability resulting from such claims
could have a material adverse effect on Occidental’s financial
condition, operating results or cash flows.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF
COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Occidental has elected to use a $1 million threshold for disclosing
certain proceedings arising under federal, state or local
environmental laws when a governmental authority is a party and
potential monetary sanctions are involved. Occidental believes
proceedings under this threshold are not material to Occidental's
business and financial condition. In January 2023, the U.S.
District Court for the District of New Mexico entered a consent
decree under which two Occidental subsidiaries settled a
previously-reported citizen suit alleging violations of certain
federal air quality regulations, which the subsidiaries deny, by
paying a civil penalty of $500,000 to the U.S. Department of the
Treasury and depositing an additional $500,000 with the U.S.
District Court for the District of New Mexico to fund a
supplemental environmental project in lieu of penalties, among
other terms. For information regarding other legal proceedings, see
the information under Lawsuits, Claims, Commitments and
Contingencies in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section
of this Form 10-K and in
Note
13 - Lawsuits, Claims, Commitments and Contingencies
in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II
Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
|
|
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INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS |
Each executive officer holds his or her office from the date of
election by the Board of Directors until the first board meeting
held after the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders or until his or
her removal or departure or a successor is duly elected, if
earlier.
The following table sets forth the executive officers of Occidental
as of February 27, 2023:
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
Current Title
|
Age as of February 27, 2023
|
Positions with Occidental and Employment History |
|
Peter J. Bennett
Vice President
|
55 |
President, Commercial Development U.S. Onshore Resources and Carbon
Management since October 2020; President and General Manager of
Permian Resources and the Rockies, 2020; Senior Vice President,
Permian Resources, 2018-2020; President and General Manager -
Permian Resources New Mexico, 2017-2018; Chief Transformation
Officer, 2016-2017.
|
Christopher O. Champion
Vice President,
Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
|
53 |
Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller since
August 2019; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation: Senior Vice President,
Chief Accounting Officer and Controller, 2017-2019, Vice President,
Chief Accounting Officer and Controller, 2015-2017.
|
Kenneth Dillon
Senior Vice President
|
63 |
Senior Vice President since December 2016; President –
International Oil and Gas Operations since June 2016.
|
Vicki Hollub
President and Chief Executive Officer
|
63 |
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director since April
2016.
|
Richard A. Jackson
Senior Vice President
|
47 |
President Operations U.S. Onshore Resources and Carbon Management
since October 2020; President and General Manager, EOR and Oxy Low
Carbon Ventures, LLC, 2020; President Low Carbon Ventures,
2019-2020; Senior Vice President, Operation Support, 2018-2019;
Vice President, Investor Relations, 2017-2018; President and
General Manager Permian Resources Delaware Basin,
2014-2017.
|
Sylvia J. Kerrigan
Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
|
57 |
Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer since October 2022;
Executive Director of the Kay Bailey Hutchison Energy Center for
Business, Law and Policy at The University of Texas, 2017-2022;
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
of Marathon Oil Corporation, 2009-2017.
|
Robert L. Peterson
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
|
52 |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since April 2020;
Senior Vice President, Permian EOR, 2019-2020; Vice President
Permian Strategy, 2018-2019; Director Permian Business Area,
2017-2018; President OxyChem, 2014-2017.
|
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY
Part II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
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|
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MARKET INFORMATION, HOLDERS AND DIVIDEND POLICY |
Occidental’s common stock is listed and traded on the NYSE under
the ticker symbol “OXY.” The common stock was held by approximately
24,400 stockholders of record as of January 31, 2023, which
does not include beneficial owners for whom Cede and Co. or others
act as nominees.
Occidental declared dividends of $0.52 per share for the year ended
December 31, 2022. In February 2023, the Board of Directors
declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share on common
stock, an increase of five cents from the previous quarter, payable
in April 2023. The declaration of future dividends is a business
decision made by the Board of Directors from time to time and will
depend on Occidental’s financial condition and other factors deemed
relevant by the Board of Directors.
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|
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SHARE REPURCHASE ACTIVITIES |
Occidental’s share repurchase activities for the year ended
December 31, 2022, were as follows:
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
Period |
|
Total
Number
of Shares Purchased |
(a)
|
Average
Price
Paid
per Share |
|
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs |
|
Maximum Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs |
(b)
|
First Quarter 2022 |
|
730,746 |
|
|
|
$ |
50.05 |
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
3,000 |
|
|
Second Quarter 2022 |
|
11,679,732 |
|
|
|
58.38 |
|
|
11,190,640 |
|
|
|
2,350 |
|
|
Third Quarter 2022 |
|
28,571,576 |
|
|
|
63.02 |
|
|
28,409,099 |
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
October 1 - 31, 2022 |
|
2,330,221 |
|
|
|
67.35 |
|
|
2,205,352 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
November 1 - 30, 2022 |
|
5,993,013 |
|
|
|
70.68 |
|
|
5,859,478 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
December 1 - 31, 2022 |
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Fourth Quarter 2022 |
|
8,323,234 |
|
|
|
69.75 |
|
|
8,064,830 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Total 2022 |
|
49,305,288 |
|
|
|
62.86 |
|
|
47,664,569 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
(a)Included
purchases of 1,640,719 shares from the trustee of Occidental's
defined contribution savings plan that are not part of publicly
announced plans or programs.
(b)Represented
the value remaining in Occidental's share repurchase plan. In
February 2022, Occidental announced an authorization to repurchase
up to $3.0 billion of Occidental's shares of common stock. The plan
was completed in the fourth quarter of 2022. In February 2023, the
Board authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $3.0
billion of Occidental’s shares of common stock.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY
The following graph compares the yearly percentage change in
Occidental’s cumulative total return on its common stock with the
cumulative total return of the S&P 500, which includes
Occidental, with that of Occidental’s peer group over the five-year
period ended December 31, 2022. The graph assumes that $100
was invested at the beginning of the five-year period shown in the
graph below and that all dividends were reinvested in: (i)
Occidental common stock, (ii) the stock of the companies in the
S&P 500 and (iii) each of the peer group companies’ common
stock weighted by their relative market capitalization within the
peer group.
Occidental’s peer group consists of BP p.l.c., Chevron Corporation,
ConocoPhillips, EOG Resources, Inc., ExxonMobil Corporation, Shell,
and TotalEnergies.
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
2017 |
|
2018 |
|
2019 |
|
2020 |
|
2021 |
|
2022 |
Occidental |
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
87 |
|
|
$ |
62 |
|
|
$ |
29 |
|
|
$ |
49 |
|
|
$ |
107 |
|
Peer Group |
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
92 |
|
|
$ |
98 |
|
|
$ |
65 |
|
|
$ |
96 |
|
|
$ |
149 |
|
S&P 500 |
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
96 |
|
|
$ |
126 |
|
|
$ |
149 |
|
|
$ |
191 |
|
|
$ |
157 |
|
The information provided in this Performance Graph shall not be
deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC or subject to
Regulation 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act, other than as
provided in Item 201 to Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act, or
subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and
shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under
the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act except to the extent
Occidental specifically requests that it be treated as soliciting
material or specifically incorporates it by reference.
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|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read together with the
Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements, which are included in this Form 10-K in Item
8 and the information set forth in Risk Factors under Part 1,
Item 1A. The following sections include a discussion of
results for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 as well as certain
2020 results. The comparative results for fiscal 2021 with fiscal
2020 generally have not been included in this Form 10-K, but may be
found in “Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2021.
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|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
|
|
|
CURRENT BUSINESS OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY |
GENERAL
Occidental’s operations, financial condition, cash flows and levels
of expenditures are highly dependent on oil prices and, to a lesser
extent, NGL and natural gas prices, the Midland-to-Gulf-Coast oil
spreads, chemical product prices and inflationary pressures in the
macro-economic environment. In 2022, as compared to 2021, the
average annual price per barrel of WTI crude increased to $94.23
from $67.91 and the average annual Brent price per barrel increased
to $98.83 from $70.78. The return of oil demand to its pre-pandemic
levels, the ongoing global impact of the Russia-Ukraine war and the
limited increase in supply in 2022 have resulted in an increase in
benchmark oil prices year-over-year. Occidental does not operate or
own assets in either Russia or Ukraine. It is expected that the
price of oil will be volatile for the foreseeable future given the
current geopolitical risks, the ongoing global impact of the
Russia-Ukraine war, and uncertainty around the global economy, oil
demand in China as it emerges from its zero-COVID policy,
production levels in OPEC and non-OPEC oil producing countries and
further releases from or additions to the US Strategic Petroleum
Reserve.
Occidental works to manage inflation impacts by capitalizing on
operational efficiencies, locking in pricing on longer term
contracts and working closely with vendors to secure the supply of
critical materials. As of December 31, 2022, substantially all of
Occidental's outstanding debt is fixed rate.
STRATEGY
Occidental is focused on delivering a unique shareholder value
proposition with its portfolio of oil and gas, chemicals and
midstream and marketing assets and its ongoing development of
carbon management and storage solutions and GHG emissions reduction
efforts. Occidental conducts its operations with a priority on HSE,
sustainability and social responsibility. Occidental aims to
maximize shareholder returns through a combination of:
■Returning
capital to shareholders, while redeeming a portion of preferred
equity to continue improving Occidental’s financial
position;
■Enhancing
its existing asset base with new investments in its core
cash-generative oil and gas and chemical businesses as well as
emerging low-carbon businesses with a focus on its net-zero
pathway;
■Advancing
technologies and business solutions to help drive a sustainable
low-carbon future; and
■Further
reducing long-term financial leverage.
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE AND CAPITAL EFFICIENCY
Occidental's operational priorities for 2022 were to maximize
operational efficiencies by investing $4.5 billion in high return
assets to generate long-term sustainable free cash flow that will
provide cash flow stability throughout the commodity cycle.
Occidental set new operational records and efficiency benchmarks in
the Permian, Rockies, Gulf of Mexico, Oman and UAE. OxyChem
generated record earnings, beating its previous record set in 2021.
With the increase in commodity prices and Occidental’s focus on its
operational efficiencies, Occidental’s higher cash flow allowed it
to reduce its leverage and advance its shareholder return
framework.
DEBT AND INTEREST RATE SWAPS
Strong cash flow in 2022 allowed Occidental to continue its
deleveraging efforts. In 2022, Occidental reduced its debt
principal by more than $10.5 billion, leaving less than $18.0
billion outstanding as of December 31, 2022, and meeting its
near-term debt reduction goal. As of December 31, 2022, Occidental
had debt maturities of approximately $22 million in 2023,
$1.1 billion in 2024 and $1.2 billion in 2025. The current
maturity of $22 million was paid in January 2023, leaving no debt
maturing in 2023.
Occidental’s $673 million Zero Coupons can be put to Occidental in
October of each year, in whole or in part, for the then accreted
value of the outstanding Zero Coupons. The Zero Coupons can next be
put to Occidental in October 2023, which, if put in whole, would
require a payment of approximately $344 million at such date.
Occidental currently has the intent and ability to meet this
obligation, including, if necessary, using amounts available under
the RCF should the put right be exercised.
In the year ended December 31, 2022, Occidental settled all
outstanding interest rate swaps with $255 million in cash and
the application of $144 million collateral, leaving none
outstanding as of December 31, 2022.
DEBT RATINGS
As of the date of this filing, Occidental’s long-term debt was
rated BB+ by Fitch Ratings, Ba1 by Moody’s Investors Service and
BB+ by Standard and Poor’s. Occidental believes the deleveraging
performed to date may lead to future ratings upgrades, but cannot
determine the timing of any potential ratings change. Any downgrade
in credit ratings could impact Occidental's ability to access
capital markets and increase its cost of capital. Occidental’s
non-investment grade debt rating may require Occidental or its
subsidiaries to provide financial assurance in the form of cash,
letters of credit, surety bonds or other acceptable support under
certain contractual arrangements.
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|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
SHAREHOLDER RETURN FRAMEWORK
Capital is returned to shareholders through Occidental’s dividend
and share repurchases. Occidental’s current dividend is $0.18 per
share per quarter, or $0.72 on an annualized basis. During the
fourth quarter of 2022, Occidental completed its $3.0 billion share
repurchase program. In February 2023, the Board authorized a new
share repurchase program of up to $3.0 billion of Occidental’s
shares of common stock. Occidental anticipates that a higher
percentage of excess free cash flow is expected to be allocated to
shareholder returns in 2023 with the intention to begin redeeming
the preferred stock. Occidental’s preferred stock includes a
mandatory redemption provision that obligates Occidental to redeem
the preferred at 110% of the par value on a dollar-for-dollar basis
for every dollar distributed to common shareholders above $4.00 per
share, on a trailing 12-month basis.
SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP STRATEGY
In 2020, Occidental was the first U.S. oil and gas company to
announce goals to achieve net-zero GHG emissions for its total
emissions inventory including use of sold products. These goals
include achieving net-zero GHG emissions (i) from its operations
and energy use before 2040, with an ambition to do so before 2035,
and (ii) from its total carbon inventory, including the use of its
sold products, with an ambition to do so before 2050. In 2020,
Occidental also set various interim targets, including 2025 carbon
and methane intensity targets, and Occidental was the first U.S.
oil and gas company to endorse the World Bank’s initiative for zero
routine flaring by 2030. In 2022, the Board of Directors adopted
Occidental’s updated HSE and Sustainability Principles, based on
engagement with shareholders, employees and other stakeholders. The
Principles reinforce the alignment among Occidental’s core values,
goals and strategies, underpin our operational management system,
and help to guide our workforce across our businesses.
Occidental seeks to meet its sustainability and environmental goals
through its development and commercialization of technologies that
lower both GHG emissions from industrial processes and existing
atmospheric concentrations of CO2.
Occidental believes that carbon removal technologies, including DAC
and CCUS, can, with incentives necessary for their development and
deployment, provide essential CO2
reductions to assist the world’s transition to a less
carbon-intensive economy. During 2022, Occidental undertook the
following actions, among others, toward advancing its low-carbon
strategy:
■Achieved
zero routine flaring of gas across its U.S. oil and gas operations,
8 years ahead of the World Bank’s 2030 target;
■Reduced
estimated methane emissions by 33% from the 2020
baseline;
■Began
construction activities for DAC 1 in the Permian;
■Acquired
interests in approximately 265,000 net acres of pore space access
along the U.S. Gulf Coast; and
■Invested
approximately $530 million in low-carbon businesses, technologies,
and net-zero pathway advancements, including the aforementioned
pore space.
The future costs associated with emissions reduction, carbon
removal and CCUS to meet its long-term net-zero GHG goals may be
substantial and execution of its plans and net-zero pathway depends
on securing third-party capital investments. Occidental is pursuing
multiple pathways to fund these projects including project
financing, long-term carbon removal or CCUS agreements, and
identifying business opportunities with stakeholders in
carbon-intensive industries
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Occidental seeks to meet its strategic goals by continually
measuring its success against key performance indicators that drive
total stockholder return. In addition to efficient capital
allocation and deployment discussed below in the section titled
Oil
and Gas Segment - Business Strategy,
Occidental believes its most significant performance indicators
are:
OPERATIONAL
■Total
spend per barrel - In 2023, Occidental will continue to focus on
controlling total costs from a per-barrel perspective. Total spend
per barrel is the sum of capital spending, general and
administrative expenses, other operating and non-operating expenses
and oil and gas lease operating costs divided by global oil, NGL
and natural gas sales volumes.
■Daily
production - Occidental seeks to maximize field operability and
minimize production down-time.
FINANCIAL
■CROCE
- CROCE is calculated as (i) the cash flows from operating
activities, before changes in working capital, plus distributions
from WES classified as investing cash flows, divided by (ii) the
average of the opening and closing balances of total equity plus
total debt.
■Maintain
and improve financial leverage to a level consistent with
investment grade credit metrics.
SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
■Specific
interim emissions reduction and emissions intensity targets to
advance our goal of net-zero operational and energy use emissions
before 2040, with an ambition to achieve before 2035.
■Milestones
in specific carbon removal and CCUS projects that advance our
net-zero total emissions inventory, including use of sold products,
with an ambition to achieve before 2050.
■Facilitate
deployment of carbon removal, CCUS and other solutions to advance
total carbon impact past 2050.
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|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
BUSINESS STRATEGY
Occidental’s oil and gas segment focuses on long-term value
creation and leadership in sustainability, health, safety and the
environment. In each core operating area, Occidental’s operations
benefit from scale, technical expertise, decades of high-margin
inventory, environmental and safety leadership and commercial and
governmental collaboration. These attributes allow Occidental to
bring additional production quickly to market, extend the life of
older fields at lower costs and provide low-cost returns-driven
growth opportunities with advanced technology.
Occidental is one of the largest U.S. producers of liquids, which
includes oil and NGL, allowing Occidental to maximize cash margins
on a per barrel basis. The advantages that Occidental’s portfolio
provides, coupled with its advanced subsurface characterization
ability and the proven ability to execute, position Occidental for
full-cycle success in the years ahead. The oil and gas segment
maximizes efficiencies to deliver lower breakeven costs and
generate excess free cash flow. The oil and gas segment strives to
achieve low development and operating costs to maximize full-cycle
value of the assets.
The oil and gas business implements Occidental’s strategy primarily
by:
■Operating
and developing areas where reserves are known to exist and
optimizing capital intensity in core areas, primarily in the
Permian Basin, DJ Basin, Gulf of Mexico, UAE, Oman and
Algeria;
■Maintaining
a disciplined and prudent approach to capital expenditures with a
focus on high-return, short and mid-cycle, cash-flow-generating
opportunities and an emphasis on creating value and further
enhancing Occidental’s existing positions;
■Focusing
Occidental’s subsurface characterization and technical activities
on unconventional opportunities, primarily in the Permian Basin and
Rockies;
■Using
secondary and tertiary recovery techniques in mature fields;
and
■Focusing
on cost-reduction efficiencies and innovative technologies to
reduce carbon emissions.
In 2022, oil and gas capital expenditures were approximately $3.8
billion and primarily focused on Occidental’s assets in the Permian
Basin, DJ Basin, Gulf of Mexico and Oman. In 2023, Occidental plans
to spend $4.3 billion to $4.7 billion to develop its oil and gas
assets.
OIL AND GAS PRICE ENVIRONMENT
Oil and gas prices are the major variables that drive the
industry’s financial performance. The following table presents the
average daily WTI and Brent prices for oil and NYMEX natural gas
prices for 2022 and 2021:
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|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
% Change |
WTI Oil ($/Bbl) |
|
$ |
94.23 |
|
|
$ |
67.91 |
|
|
39 |
% |
Brent Oil ($/Bbl) |
|
$ |
98.83 |
|
|
$ |
70.78 |
|
|
40 |
% |
NYMEX Natural Gas ($/Mcf) |
|
$ |
6.35 |
|
|
$ |
3.61 |
|
|
76 |
% |
The following table presents Occidental’s average realized prices
for continuing operations as a percentage of WTI, Brent and NYMEX
for 2022 and 2021:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Worldwide oil as a percentage of average WTI |
|
100 |
% |
|
97 |
% |
Worldwide oil as a percentage of average Brent |
|
95 |
% |
|
93 |
% |
Worldwide NGL as a percentage of average WTI |
|
38 |
% |
|
44 |
% |
Worldwide NGL as a percentage of average Brent |
|
36 |
% |
|
42 |
% |
Domestic natural gas as a percentage of NYMEX |
|
86 |
% |
|
91 |
% |
Prices and differentials can vary significantly, even on a
short-term basis, making it difficult to predict realized prices
with a reliable degree of certainty.
|
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|
|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
DOMESTIC INTERESTS
BUSINESS REVIEW
Occidental conducts its domestic operations through land leases,
subsurface mineral rights it owns, or a combination of both.
Occidental’s domestic oil and gas leases have a primary term
ranging from one to 10 years, which is extended through the end of
production once it commences. Occidental has leasehold and mineral
interests in 9.5 million net acres, of which approximately 52% is
leased, 47% is owned subsurface mineral rights and 1% is owned land
with mineral rights. Approximately $3.6 billion to $4.0 billion of
Occidental’s worldwide capital budget is expected to be allocated
to its domestic operations in 2023.
DOMESTIC ASSETS
(a)
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1. Powder River Basin
2. DJ Basin
3. Permian Basin
4. Gulf of Mexico
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(a)Map
represents geographic outlines of the respective
basins.
The Permian Basin
The Permian Basin extends throughout West Texas and Southeast New
Mexico and is one of the largest and most active oil basins in the
United States, accounting for more than 43% of total United States
oil production in 2022. Overall in 2022, Occidental’s production in
the Permian Basin was approximately 513 Mboe/d.
Occidental manages its Permian Basin operations through two
businesses: Permian Resources, which includes unconventional
opportunities, and Permian EOR, which utilizes secondary and
tertiary recovery techniques. Occidental had a leading position in
the Permian Basin, producing approximately 8% of the total oil in
the basin in 2022. By exploiting the natural synergies between
Permian Resources and Permian EOR, Occidental is able to deliver
unique short- and long-term advantages, efficiencies and expertise
across its Permian Basin operations.
The Permian Resources unconventional business is focused on
developing and producing unconventional reservoir targets using
horizontal drilling technology. The development programs are
designed to create long-term value from primary development by
maximizing the recovery of oil, utilizing sustainable practices and
providing strong financial returns.
Occidental’s unconventional oil and gas operations in Permian
Resources include approximately 1.4 million net acres. In 2022, our
activities were focused in the core development areas with emphasis
on maintaining the industry leading capital intensity through
optimized surface infrastructure and customized well designs.
Overall, in 2022, Permian Resources produced from
approximately
3,300 gross wells and added 387 MMboe
to Occidental’s proved reserves through development and extensions
of proved areas.
The Permian Basin’s concentration of large conventional reservoirs,
strong CO2
flooding performance and the expansive CO2
transportation and processing infrastructure has resulted in
decades of high-value enhanced oil production. With 34 active
CO2
floods and over 50 years of experience, Occidental is the industry
leader in Permian Basin CO2
flooding, which can increase ultimate oil recovery by 10% to 25%.
Technology improvements, such as the recent trend toward
vertical
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
expansion of the CO2
flooded interval into residual oil zone targets, continue to yield
more recovery from existing projects, and Permian EOR produced from
approximately 13,000 gross wells in 2022.
Significant opportunities also remain to gain additional recovery
by expanding Occidental’s existing CO2
projects into new portions of reservoirs that have only been
waterflooded. Permian EOR has a large inventory of future
CO2
projects, which could be developed over the next 20 years or
accelerated, depending on market conditions.
In 2022, Occidental spent approximately $2.3 billion of capital in
the Permian Basin, of which approximately 93% was spent on Permian
Resources assets.
Rockies and Other Domestic
In 2022, Occidental produced approximately 277 Mboe/d net in the
Rockies and Other Domestic locations. Production in the DJ Basin is
derived from 2,000 operated vertical wells and 2,400 operated
horizontal wells primarily focused in the Niobrara and Codell
formations. The DJ Basin, including the North DJ Basin, comprises
approximately 800,000 total net acres and provides competitive
economics, low breakeven costs and free cash flow generation
through Occidental’s contiguous acreage position and royalty
uplift.
In the DJ Basin, horizontal drilling results in the field continue
to be strong, with improved operational efficiencies in drilling
and completions. In 2022, Occidental drilled 68 operated horizontal
wells and completed 54 operated horizontal wells.
Occidental is focusing on obtaining the necessary state, local and
federal permits required to construct facilities and drill and
complete wells in the DJ Basin. In January 2021, the COGCC adopted
new regulations that impose siting requirements, or “setbacks,” on
certain oil and gas drilling locations based on the distance of a
proposed well pad to occupied structures. Under these new
regulations and through thoughtful surface location planning,
Occidental obtained COGCC approval for five Oil and Gas Development
Plans, inclusive of 12 well pad and facility locations and
approximately 150 wells. In addition to the approximately 150 wells
approved through the Oil and Gas Development Plan process, during
the third quarter of 2022, Occidental became the first oil and gas
operator in Colorado to obtain COGCC approval for the first
Comprehensive Area Plan under the new COGCC rules. This
comprehensive plan will support nine well pads and approximately
140 new wells and will provide for substantial future development
in a geographically remote area on Colorado’s eastern plains. Oil
and Gas Development Plans associated with the Comprehensive Area
Plan will be submitted in 2023.
As of December 31, 2022, Occidental is permitted, or had permit
applications submitted to applicable regulatory agencies, for
nearly all planned 2023 drilling and completions activity in the DJ
Basin. In 2023, Occidental plans to submit state and local permits
with the goal of building operational inventory and maintaining its
social license to operate in Colorado. Occidental has a dedicated
stakeholder relations team that conducts regulatory and community
outreach with respect to its permit applications and operations in
Colorado with a focus on building trust and fostering open
communication with those that live and work near our
operations.
Occidental has gained efficiencies in the permitting process and
will continue to look for additional opportunities to do so. As
discussed above, Occidental does not anticipate significant
near-term changes to our development program in the DJ Basin based
on these regulations. However, if Occidental is unable to obtain
new drilling permits to develop a significant portion of the
company’s undeveloped acreage in the DJ Basin, the company’s DJ
Basin assets may be subject to testing for impairment, and if
deemed to be impaired, such impairment could be material to our
financial statements.
Occidental has interest in over 300,000 net acres in the Powder
River Basin, mainly located in Converse County and Campbell County,
Wyoming. The field contains the Turner, Niobrara, Mowry and Parkman
formations that hold both liquids and natural gas. In 2022,
Occidental drilled 19 operated horizontal wells and completed 14
horizontal wells in the Powder River Basin. The company plans to
run one continuous operated drilling rig in 2023 with targeted
completion activity throughout the year.
Occidental holds approximately 4.6 million net acres in other
domestic locations, which consist of legacy acreage and fee
minerals outside of Occidental’s core operated areas including
parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, Texas, West Virginia and
Wyoming.
OFFSHORE DOMESTIC ASSETS
Gulf of Mexico
Occidental is the fourth-largest oil and gas producer in the
deep-water Gulf of Mexico, operating 10 strategically located
deep-water floating platforms, the highest number among all the
deep water operators, and producing from 18 active fields while
owning a working interest across 252 blocks, including
approximately 1.0 million net acres. Occidental’s position is one
of the largest portfolios in the Gulf of Mexico.
Occidental further operates two marine shore-bases in Galveston,
Texas, and Port Fourchon, Louisiana, as well as two helicopter
bases in Louisiana that all provide back up and redundancy to each
other to support the Gulf operations. A central logistics base with
an integrated training center is located in Broussard, Louisiana,
and the Gulf of Mexico operations and development are managed and
supported with engineering and technical staff from The Woodlands,
Texas, office tower.
In 2022, Occidental increased net production to 147 Mboe/d from
approximately 88 gross wells, investing over $450 million in
capital, including exploration capital, primarily directed towards
drilling activity in its new Horn Mountain West subsea development,
Lucius and Holstein facilities, drilling five wells using one
floating drill ship, one platform rig and several service rigs.
Occidental successfully and safely initiated first production from
its new Horn Mountain West field and tied back to the Horn Mountain
facility, increasing production at the platform by over 34 Mboe/d
from three subsea oil wells,
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
on budget and three months ahead of schedule.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, the new Caesar-Tonga Subsea
Expansion project was also started several months ahead of
schedule, debottlenecking the prolific giant Caesar-Tonga field and
thus enabling future field expansion projects. Major subsea-pumping
projects supporting the Marco Polo/K2 field and the Marlin/King
field were progressed as well as extensive 4D seismic shoots in the
Holstein field and elsewhere, setting up a runway of future
development opportunities.
Operational excellence and efficiency continued as the prime
objective in 2022 and gathered further momentum, reducing overall
base production decline rates through the implementation of several
successful well stimulations and artificial lift projects.
Platform operating efficiencies were significantly improved and
machinery uptimes were increased all through
subordinated focus and condition monitoring initiatives as well as
multiple upgrade projects. Continued optimum sequencing of annual
platform turn-arounds provided further operational efficiencies,
avoiding around two hundred days per year of shut-ins.
During 2022, all necessary regulatory permits for new wells and
existing operations were obtained timely without any operational
delays.
Occidental was further awarded 30 new leases from BOEM’s Lease Sale
257 and was the second most successful bidder.
Occidental’s Gulf of Mexico assets continued to be among the lowest
carbon emissions operations in the industry with zero routine
flaring and zero cold venting.
The following table shows key areas of ongoing development in the
Gulf of Mexico, along with the corresponding working interest in
those areas.
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Working Interest |
Horn Mountain |
100 |
% |
Holstein |
100 |
% |
Marlin |
100 |
% |
Lucius |
67 |
% |
K2 Complex |
42 |
% |
Caesar Tonga |
34 |
% |
Constellation |
33 |
% |
In 2023, Occidental expects to continue development and expansion
of its existing assets across the Gulf of Mexico, to safely deliver
high-margin production while continuing to add to its drill well
inventory on existing leases through expansion and infrastructure
led exploration opportunities around existing infrastructure.
Occidental plans to conduct development and exploration activities
in 2023 using one to two floating drill ships, one platform rig and
several other well service vessels and continue to optimize its
extensive portfolio of lease working interests.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS
BUSINESS REVIEW
Occidental conducts its ongoing international operations in two
sub-regions: the Middle East and North Africa. Its activities
include oil, NGL and natural gas production through direct
working-interests, PSAs and PSCs. Under the PSCs, Occidental
records a share of production and reserves to recover certain
development and production costs and an additional share for
profit. These contracts do not transfer any right of ownership to
Occidental and reserves reported from these arrangements are based
on Occidental’s economic interest as defined in the contracts.
Occidental’s share of production and reserves from these contracts
decreases when product prices rise and increases when prices
decline. Overall, Occidental’s net economic benefit from these
contracts is greater when product prices are higher. Approximately
$0.5 billion of Occidental’s worldwide capital budget is expected
to be allocated to its international operations in
2023.
MIDDLE EAST / NORTH AFRICA ASSETS
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1.Algeria
2.Oman
3.Qatar
4.UAE
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Algeria
Occidental’s interest in Algeria involves development and
production rights in 18 fields within Blocks 404a and 208, which
are located in the Berkine Basin in Algeria’s Sahara Desert and are
governed by an agreement amongst Occidental, Sonatrach and other
partners. Occidental is responsible for 24.5% of the development
and production costs. The El Merk central processing facility in
Block 208 processes produced oil, NGL and natural gas, while the
Hassi Berkine South and Ourhoud central processing facilities in
Block 404a process produced oil. The rights to produce from the
Block 404a fields expire between May 2023 and 2036, and the rights
to produce from the Block 208 fields expire in 2032.
In 2022, net production in Algeria was 45 Mbbl/d, two gross
development wells were drilled and annual net capital expenditures
were $25 million.
In July 2022, Occidental signed a new PSC with Sonatrach and other
partners which, upon approval by the Algerian government, will be
for a new 25-year term for all of the fields under the current
hydrocarbon agreement. With respect to the new PSC, Occidental is
responsible for 35% of the development and production costs, and
government approval is expected in the first half of
2023.
Oman
In Oman, Occidental is the operator of Block 9, Block 27, Block 53
(Mukhaizna Field), Block 62 and Block 65 and has additional
interests in Blocks 30, 51 and 72, which are under the Exploration
phase. The working interest and contract expiration year for each
of the respective blocks are shown in the table below. Occidental
holds 6.0 million gross acres and has 10,000 potential well
inventory locations. In 2022, Occidental’s share of production was
65 Mboe/d.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
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Working Interest |
Block Expiration (Year) |
Block 9 |
50 |
% |
2030 |
Block 27 |
65 |
% |
2035 |
Block 53 |
47 |
% |
2035 |
Block 62 |
100 |
% |
2028 |
Block 65 |
51 |
% |
2037 |
Blocks 30, 51 and 72 |
100 |
% |
Exploration Phase |
Occidental has produced over 754 million gross barrels from Block 9
since the beginning of its operation through successful
exploration, continuous drilling improvements and EOR projects. The
Mukhaizna Field in Block 53 is a major pattern steam flood project
for EOR that utilizes some of the largest mechanical vapor
compressors ever built. Since assuming operations in the Mukhaizna
Field in 2005, Occidental has drilled close to 3,580 new wells and
has produced over 575 million gross barrels. In 2022, Occidental
declared commerciality for Block 65 and invested capital of $362
million across all of the Oman blocks to drill 92 wells and execute
facilities projects to support development and EOR
activities.
In 2023, Occidental will continue to enhance production by adding
extended and dual laterals, stimulating wells with the OXY
JETTINGTM
wellbore stimulation system, and expanding thermal conformance.
Occidental will also continue to execute projects in Oman targeting
emissions reductions.
Qatar
In Qatar, Occidental partners in the Dolphin Energy Project, an
investment that is comprised of two separate economic interests.
Occidental has a 24.5% interest in the upstream operations
(Dolphin) to develop and produce NGL, natural gas and condensate
from Qatar’s North Field through mid-2032. Occidental also has a
24.5% interest in DEL, which operates a pipeline and is discussed
further in the midstream and marketing segment section in this Form
10-K under Pipeline. In 2022, Occidental’s net share of production
from Dolphin was 37 Mboe/d.
UAE
In 2011, Occidental acquired a 40% participating interest in the
Shah gas field (Al Hosn Gas), joining with the Abu Dhabi National
Oil Company, which expires in 2041. In 2022, Occidental’s net share
of production from Al Hosn Gas was 227 million cubic feet per day
(MMcf/d) of natural gas and 35 Mbbl/d of NGL and condensate. Al
Hosn Gas includes gas processing facilities which are discussed
further in the midstream and marketing segment section in this Form
10-K under Gas Processing, Gathering and CO2.
In 2019 and 2020, Occidental acquired 9-year exploration
concessions and, subject to a declaration of commerciality, 35-year
production concessions for Onshore Block 3 and Block 5, which cover
an area approximately 1.5 million acres and 1.0 million acres,
respectively, and are adjacent to Al Hosn Gas. In 2022 and 2021,
Occidental announced multi-zone oil and gas discoveries in Onshore
Block 3.
In 2023, Occidental plans to complete an expansion project that
commenced in 2022 to increase the production capacity of the Al
Hosn Gas processing facilities from 1.28 Bcf/d to 1.45 Bcf/d and
continue further exploration and appraisal activities in Onshore
Block 3 and Block 5.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
PROVED RESERVES
Proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves were estimated using the
unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price
for each month within the year, unless prices were defined by
contractual arrangements. Oil, NGL and natural gas prices used for
this purpose were based on posted benchmark prices and adjusted for
price differentials including gravity, quality and transportation
costs.
The following table shows the 2022, 2021 and 2020 calculated
first-day-of-the-month average prices for both WTI and Brent oil
prices, as well as the Henry Hub gas prices measured in
MMbtu:
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2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
WTI Oil ($/Bbl) |
|
$ |
93.67 |
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$ |
66.56 |
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$ |
39.57 |
|
Brent Oil ($/Bbl) |
|
$ |
97.77 |
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$ |
69.24 |
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$ |
43.41 |
|
Henry Hub Natural Gas ($/MMbtu) |
|
$ |
6.36 |
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$ |
3.60 |
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$ |
1.98 |
|
Mt. Belvieu NGL ($/Bbl) |
|
$ |
47.81 |
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$ |
44.22 |
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$ |
18.74 |
|
Occidental had proved reserves from continuing operations at
year-end 2022 of 3,817 MMboe, compared to the year-end 2021 amount
of 3,512 MMboe. Proved developed reserves represented approximately
71% and 75% of Occidental’s total proved reserves at year-end 2022
and 2021, respectively. The following table shows the breakout of
Occidental’s proved reserves from continuing operations by
commodity as a percentage of total proved reserves:
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2022 |
|
2021 |
Oil |
|
50 |
% |
|
50 |
% |
NGL |
|
22 |
% |
|
22 |
% |
Natural gas |
|
28 |
% |
|
28 |
% |
Occidental does not have any reserves from non-traditional sources.
For further information regarding Occidental’s proved reserves, see
the Supplemental Oil and Gas Information section in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
CHANGES IN PROVED RESERVES
Changes in Occidental’s 2022 reserves were as follows:
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MMboe |
|
2022 |
Revisions of previous estimates |
|
474 |
|
Improved recovery |
|
89 |
|
Extensions and discoveries |
|
176 |
|
Purchases |
|
10 |
|
Sales |
|
(21) |
|
Production |
|
(423) |
|
Total |
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305 |
|
Occidental’s ability to add reserves, other than through purchases,
depends on the success of infill development, extension, discovery
and improved recovery projects, each of which depends on reservoir
characteristics, technology improvements and oil and natural gas
prices, as well as capital and operating costs. Many of these
factors are outside management’s control and may negatively or
positively affect Occidental’s reserves.
Revisions of Previous Estimates
Revisions can include upward or downward changes to previous proved
reserve estimates for existing fields due to the evaluation or
interpretation of geologic, production decline or operating
performance data. In addition, product price changes affect proved
reserves recorded by Occidental. For example, lower prices may
decrease the economically recoverable reserves, particularly for
domestic properties, because the reduced margin limits the expected
life of the operations. Offsetting this effect, lower prices
increase Occidental’s share of proved reserves under PSCs because
more oil is required to recover costs. Conversely, when prices
rise, Occidental’s share of proved reserves decreases for PSCs and
economically recoverable reserves may increase for other
operations. Reserve estimation rules require that estimated
ultimate recoveries be much more likely to increase or remain
constant than to decrease, as changes are made due to increased
availability of technical data.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
In 2022, Occidental’s revisions of previous estimates of proved
reserves were positive 474 MMboe. These revisions were primarily
due to 335 MMboe of positive revisions related to additions
associated with infill development projects, mainly in the Permian
Basin (232 MMboe) and the DJ Basin (94 MMboe). An additional 136
MMboe of positive revisions were related price revisions. The
positive price revisions were primarily associated with the Permian
Basin (147 MMboe), the Gulf of Mexico (8 MMboe) and the DJ Basin (4
MMboe), which were partially offset by negative price revisions of
29 MMboe on international PSCs.
Further positive revisions of 93 MMboe were associated with updates
based on reservoir performance and 5 MMBoe were associated with
management changes in development plans. The positive revisions
were offset by negative revisions associated with various other
cost and interest related revisions (95 MMboe).
Improved Recovery
In 2022, Occidental added proved reserves of 89 MMboe related to
improved recovery, primarily in the Permian EOR, which accounted
for 87% of the improved recovery reserve additions. These
properties comprise conventional projects, which are characterized
by the deployment of EOR development methods, largely employing
application of CO2
flood, waterflood or steam flood. These types of conventional EOR
development methods can be applied through existing wells, though
additional drilling is frequently required to fully optimize the
development configuration. Waterflooding is the technique of
injecting water into the formation to displace the oil to the
offsetting oil production wells. The use of either
CO2
or steam flooding depends on the geology of the formation, the
evaluation of engineering data, availability and cost of either
CO2
or steam and other economic factors. Both techniques work similarly
to lower viscosity causing the oil to move more easily to the
producing wells. The remaining improved recovery additions were due
to secondary and tertiary projects for certain international
assets.
Extensions and Discoveries
Occidental also added proved reserves from extensions and
discoveries, which are dependent on successful exploration and
exploitation programs. In 2022, extensions and discoveries added
176 MMboe primarily related to the recognition of proved reserves
in the Permian Basin (155 MMboe) and Powder River Basin (7
MMboe).
Purchases of Proved Reserves
In 2022, Occidental purchased proved reserves of 10 MMboe primarily
consisting of proved reserves in the Permian Basin.
Sales of Proved Reserves
In 2022, Occidental sold 21 MMboe in proved reserves related to the
divestitures of certain non-strategic assets in the Permian
Basin.
Proved Undeveloped Reserves
Occidental had PUD reserves at year-end 2022 of 1,119 MMboe,
compared to the year-end 2021 amount of 865 MMboe.
Changes in PUD reserves were as follows:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
MMboe |
|
2022 |
Revisions of previous estimates |
|
270 |
|
Improved recovery |
|
49 |
|
Extensions and discoveries |
|
107 |
|
Purchases |
|
1 |
|
Sales |
|
(10) |
|
Transfer to proved developed reserves |
|
(163) |
|
Total |
|
254 |
|
Revisions of previous estimates were a positive 270 MMboe.
Approximately 263 MMboe of the positive revisions were related to
additions associated with infill development projects in the
Permian Basin (170 MMboe) and the DJ Basin (93 MMboe).
Additionally, the revisions included positive price revisions of 24
MMboe. The positive price revisions were primarily associated with
the Permian Basin. The remaining positive revisions were associated
with various updates based on reservoir performance. The positive
revisions were offset by negative revisions associated with various
other cost and interest related revisions (21 MMboe).
Extensions and discoveries added 107 MMboe primarily related to the
recognition of proved reserves in the Permian Basin (100 MMboe).
Total improved recovery additions of 49 MMboe were primarily the
result of conventional projects in the Permian EOR (44 MMboe) and
secondary and tertiary projects in international assets (5 MMboe).
The 2022 additions to
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
PUD reserves were partially offset by transfers to proved developed
reserves of 163 MMboe. The transfers were primarily associated with
the Permian Basin (89 MMboe), the DJ Basin (40 MMboe) and Gulf of
Mexico (21 MMboe).
In 2022, Occidental incurred approximately $1.2 billion to convert
PUD reserves to proved developed reserves, and in 2022 Occidental
converted approximately 19% of its PUD reserves to proved
developed, when adjusted for revisions and sales. As of December
31, 2022, Occidental had 1,119 MMboe of PUD reserves of which 73%
were associated with domestic onshore, 4% with Gulf of Mexico and
23% with international assets. Occidental’s most active development
areas are located in the Permian Basin, which represented 54% of
the PUD reserves as of December 31, 2022. Occidental’s total
planned 2023 capital expenditures are between $5.4 billion and $6.2
billion. Overall, Occidental plans to spend approximately $4.6
billion over the next five years to develop its PUD reserves in the
Permian Basin.
PUD reserves are supported by a five-year detailed field-level
development plan, which includes the timing, location and capital
commitment of the wells to be drilled. Only PUD reserves which are
reasonably certain to be drilled within five years of booking and
are supported by a final investment decision to drill them are
included in the development plan. A portion of the PUD reserves are
expected to be developed beyond the five years and are tied to
approved long-term development projects.
As of December 31, 2022, Occidental had 241 MMboe of pre-2018 PUD
reserves that remained undeveloped. These PUD reserves relate to
approved long-term development plans, 175 MMboe of which are
primarily associated with international development projects with
physical limitations in existing gas processing capacity and 66
MMboe of which are related to approved long-term development plans
for Permian EOR projects, also with physical limitations in
existing gas processing capacity. Occidental remains committed to
these projects and continues to actively progress the development
of these volumes. In addition to the above, Occidental has 57 MMboe
of PUD reserves that are scheduled to be developed more than five
years from their initial date of booking. These PUD reserves are
related to approved long-term development plans, 41 MMboe of which
are associated with international development projects and 16 MMboe
with the Gulf of Mexico projects.
RESERVES EVALUATION AND REVIEW PROCESS
Occidental’s estimates of proved reserves and associated future net
cash flows as of December 31, 2022, were made by Occidental’s
technical personnel and are the responsibility of management. The
estimation of proved reserves is based on the requirement of
reasonable certainty of economic producibility and funding
commitments by Occidental to develop the reserves. This process
involves reservoir engineers, geoscientists, planning engineers and
financial analysts. As part of the proved reserves estimation
process, all reserve volumes are estimated by a forecast of
production rates, operating costs and capital expenditures. Price
differentials between benchmark prices (the unweighted arithmetic
average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within
the year) and realized prices and specifics of each operating
agreement are then used to estimate the net reserves. Production
rate forecasts are derived by a number of methods, including
estimates from decline curve analysis, type well profile analysis,
computer simulation of the reservoir performance, volumetric
analysis and material balance calculations that take into account
the volumes of substances replacing the volumes produced and
associated reservoir pressure changes supported by various
technologies including seismic analysis. These reliable
field-tested technologies have demonstrated reasonably certain
results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being
evaluated or in an analogous formation. Operating and capital costs
are forecast using the current cost environment applied to
expectations of future operating and development
activities.
Net proved developed reserves are those volumes that are expected
to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and
operating methods for which the incremental cost of any additional
required investment is relatively minor.
Net PUD reserves are those volumes that are expected to be
recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing
wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for
recompletion. PUD reserves are supported by a five-year, detailed,
field-level development plan, which includes the timing, location
and capital commitment of the wells to be drilled. The development
plan is reviewed and approved annually by senior management and
technical personnel. Annually, a detailed review is performed by
Occidental’s Corporate Reserves Group and its technical personnel
on a lease-by-lease basis to assess whether PUD reserves are being
converted on a timely basis within five years from the initial
disclosure date. Any leases not showing timely transfers from PUD
reserves to proved developed reserves are reviewed by senior
management to determine if the remaining reserves will be developed
in a timely manner and have sufficient capital committed in the
development plan. Only PUD reserves that are reasonably certain to
be drilled within five years of booking and are supported by a
final investment decision to drill them are included in the
development plan. A portion of the PUD reserves associated with
international operations are expected to be developed beyond the
five years and are tied to approved long-term development
plans.
The current Senior Vice President, Reserves for Oxy Oil and Gas is
responsible for overseeing the preparation of reserve estimates, in
compliance with SEC rules and regulations, including the internal
audit and review of Occidental’s oil and gas reserves data. He has
over 40 years of experience in the upstream sector of the
exploration and production business and has held various
assignments in North America, Asia and Europe. He is a three-time
past Chair of the Society of Petroleum Engineers Oil and Gas
Reserves Committee. He is an AAPG Certified Petroleum Geologist and
currently serves on the AAPG Committee on Resource Evaluation. He
is a member of the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers, the
Colorado School of Mines Potential Gas Committee and the United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe Expert
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
Group on Resource Management. He has Bachelor of Science and Master
of Science degrees in geology from Emory University in
Atlanta.
Occidental has a Reserves Committee, consisting of senior corporate
officers, to review and approve Occidental’s oil and gas reserves.
The Reserves Committee reports to the Audit Committee of
Occidental’s Board of Directors during the year. Since 2003,
Occidental has retained Ryder Scott, independent petroleum
engineering consultants, to review its annual oil and gas reserve
estimation processes. For additional reserves information,
see
Supplemental
Oil and Gas Information
under Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
In 2022, Ryder Scott conducted a process review of the methods and
analytical procedures utilized by Occidental’s engineering and
geological staff for estimating the proved reserves volumes,
preparing the economic evaluations and determining the reserves
classifications as of December 31, 2022, in accordance with
SEC regulatory standards. Ryder Scott reviewed the specific
application of such methods and procedures for selected oil and gas
properties considered to be a valid representation of Occidental’s
2022 year-end total proved reserves portfolio. In 2022, Ryder Scott
reviewed approximately 42% of Occidental’s proved oil and gas
reserves. Since being engaged in 2003, Ryder Scott has reviewed the
specific application of Occidental’s reserve estimation methods and
procedures for approximately 92% of Occidental’s existing proved
oil and gas reserves.
Management retained Ryder Scott to provide objective third-party
input on its methods and procedures and to gather industry
information applicable to Occidental’s reserve estimation and
reporting process. Ryder Scott has not been engaged to render an
opinion as to the reasonableness of reserves quantities reported by
Occidental. Occidental has filed Ryder Scott’s independent report
as an exhibit to this Form 10-K.
Based on its reviews, including the data, technical processes and
interpretations presented by Occidental, Ryder Scott has concluded
that the overall procedures and methodologies Occidental utilized
in estimating the proved reserves volumes, preparing the economic
evaluations and determining the reserves classifications for the
reviewed properties are appropriate for the purpose thereof and
comply with current SEC regulations.
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
The oil and gas exploration and production industry is highly
competitive, is subject to significant volatility due to various
market conditions and operations are highly dependent on oil prices
and, to a lesser extent, NGL and natural gas prices. Oil prices
increased significantly in 2022. During 2022, as compared to 2021,
the average annual $/Bbl of WTI crude increased to $94.23 from
$67.91 and the average annual Brent price per barrel increased to
$98.83 from $70.78.
Oil prices will continue to be affected by: (i) global supply and
demand, which are generally a function of global economic
conditions, inventory levels, production or supply chain
disruptions, technological advances, regional market conditions and
the actions of OPEC, other significant producers and governments;
(ii) transportation capacity, infrastructure constraints, and costs
in producing areas; (iii) currency exchange rates and inflation
rates; and (iv) the effect of changes in these variables on market
perceptions. The ongoing global impact of the Russia-Ukraine war
and whether the oil industry will be able to sustain a continued
supply response have resulted in an increase in benchmark oil
prices year-over-year. Occidental does not operate or own assets in
either Russia or Ukraine. It is expected that the price of oil will
be volatile for the foreseeable future given the current
geopolitical risks, the ongoing global impact of the Russia-Ukraine
war, the evolving macro-economic environment and supply activity
(as a result of COVID-19) from OPEC and non-OPEC oil producing
countries and the Biden Administration’s releases from the US
Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
NGL prices are related to the supply and demand for the components
of products making up these liquids. Some of them more typically
correlate to the price of oil while others are affected by natural
gas prices as well as the demand for certain chemical products for
which they are used as feedstock. In addition, infrastructure
constraints magnify the pricing volatility from region to
region.
Domestic natural gas prices and local differentials are strongly
affected by local supply and demand fundamentals, as well as
government regulations, global LNG demand and availability of
transportation capacity from producing areas.
We expect that oil prices in the near term will continue to be
influenced by the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic
and its resulting impact on oil and gas supply and
demand.
These and other factors make it difficult to predict the future
direction of oil, NGL and domestic gas prices reliably. For
purposes of the current capital plan, Occidental will continue to
focus on allocating capital to high return assets with the
flexibility to adjust based on fluctuations in commodity prices.
International gas prices are generally fixed under long-term
contracts. Occidental continues to adjust capital expenditures in
line with current economic conditions, such as supply chain
constraints, rising interest rates, global logistics and high
inflation, which has continued to disrupt global supply and demand
balances, with the goal of keeping returns well above its cost of
capital.
The timing, process and ultimate cost to transition to a less
carbon-intensive economy remains largely unknown; various industry
forecasts indicate a growing demand for hydrocarbons for the
remainder of the current decade. Occidental believes its
operational flexibility to achieve low development and operating
costs to maximize full-cycle value of its assets and its knowledge
and experience in CO2
separation, transportation, use, recycling and storage position its
oil and gas segment to support Occidental’s transition to net zero
as well as create opportunities in a low-carbon
future.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
BUSINESS STRATEGY
OxyChem concentrates on the chlorovinyls chain, beginning with the
co-production of caustic soda and chlorine. Caustic soda and
chlorine are marketed to external customers. In addition, chlorine,
together with ethylene, is converted through a series of
intermediate products into PVC. OxyChem seeks to be a low-cost
producer in order to generate cash flow in excess of its normal
capital expenditure requirements and achieve above-cost-of-capital
returns. OxyChem’s focus on chlorovinyls allows it to maximize the
benefits of integration and take advantage of economies of scale.
Capital is employed to sustain production capacity and to focus on
projects and developments designed to improve the competitiveness
of segment assets. Acquisitions and plant development opportunities
may be pursued when they are expected to enhance the existing core
chlor-alkali and PVC businesses or take advantage of other specific
opportunities. The conversion of the Battleground chlor-alkali
plant to membrane technology is expected to commence in 2023 with
completion expected in 2026. In 2022, capital expenditures for
OxyChem totaled $322 million.
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Although the United States economic growth lagged significantly
behind that of 2021, demand for domestically produced products
remained high, including liquid caustic soda and PVC. Lockdowns in
China, along with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine increased the demand
for U.S. produced products in 2022, as ethylene and energy costs
remained advantaged over global pricing. Caustic soda prices were
significantly higher in 2022 and PVC pricing trended downward
during the second half of 2022, as supply chain constraints, rising
interest rates, global logistics and high inflation continued to
disrupt global supply and demand balances.
BUSINESS REVIEW
BASIC CHEMICALS
Despite the slower U.S. economic growth in 2022, chlor-alkali
operating rates increased compared to 2021 as the U.S. maintained
its competitive advantage in energy and feedstock costs. Pricing
and margins for most products were higher in 2022 due to strong
demand in most market segments, and weather events and other supply
disruptions restricted supply.
VINYLS
PVC demand softened in 2022 from record highs in 2021 resulting in
a 7% decrease in domestic PVC demand. Export demand strengthened in
2022 by 46% compared to 2021. Year over year operating rates were
flat in 2022 due to a softening PVC market during the second half
of 2022 that was offset by the weather-related events experienced
in early 2021. Higher interest rates, lower housing starts, and
inflation contributed to the lower domestic PVC demand and US
producers shifted available volumes to the export markets. PVC
exports represented 27% of total North American production in 2022
compared to 19% in 2021.
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
Industry performance will depend on the health of the global
economy. Response to inflation will continue to control the housing
and construction sectors during 2023. Automotive markets are
expected to improve as semiconductor supply normalizes and demand
responds. Product margins will depend on market supply and demand
balances, feedstock and energy prices, supply chain interruptions,
labor constraints and rising inflation rates. Further recovery in
the petroleum industry should strengthen the demand and margins for
some of Occidental’s products that are consumed by industry
participants. U.S. commodity export markets could be impacted by
the relative strength of the U.S. dollar.
BASIC CHEMICALS
Demand for basic chemicals is expected to decline from the robust
levels of 2022. Demand in most market segments is expected to
follow the trend of the general economy throughout 2023. Demand for
chlorine and derivatives should gradually improve across the year
as international growth returns and the domestic housing, general
construction and automotive markets begin to stabilize. Demand for
alkali products, particularly caustic soda, may decline moderately
with lower demand in the pulp and paper, industrial and alumina
markets. Chlor-alkali operating rates should remain relatively flat
overall in comparison with 2022 due to continued globally
advantaged energy and raw material pricing as compared to global
feedstock costs.
VINYLS
Domestic PVC demand is expected to remain neutral to lower in 2023.
Residential construction spending is expected to be lower in 2023,
while new domestic infrastructure projects and recovering global
demand is expected to offset the domestic decline. New domestic PVC
capacity came online in 2022 but is not expected to have a material
impact on PVC production rates.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
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MIDSTREAM AND MARKETING SEGMENT |
BUSINESS STRATEGY
The midstream and marketing segment strives to maximize value by
optimizing the use of its gathering, processing, transportation,
storage and terminal commitments and by providing the oil and gas
segment access to domestic and international markets. To generate
returns, the segment evaluates opportunities across the value chain
and uses its assets to provide services to Occidental’s
subsidiaries, as well as third parties. The midstream and marketing
segment operates or contracts for services on gathering systems,
gas plants, co-generation facilities and storage facilities and
invests in entities that conduct similar activities.
This segment also seeks to minimize the costs of gas and power used
in Occidental’s various businesses. Capital is employed to sustain
or expand assets to improve the competitiveness of Occidental’s
businesses. In 2022, capital expenditures related to the midstream
and marketing segment totaled $268 million.
Also included in the midstream and marketing segment is OLCV. OLCV
seeks to leverage Occidental’s carbon management expertise through
the development of CCUS projects, and invests in emerging
low-carbon technologies that are expected to reduce our carbon
footprint and enable others to do the same.
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Midstream and marketing segment earnings are affected by the
performance of its various businesses, including its marketing,
gathering and transportation, gas processing and power-generation
assets. The marketing business aggregates, markets and stores
Occidental and third-party volumes. Marketing performance is
affected primarily by commodity price changes and margins in oil
and gas transportation and storage programs. The marketing business
results can experience significant volatility depending on
commodity prices and the Midland-to-Gulf-Coast oil spreads. The
Midland-to-Gulf-Coast oil spreads have decreased from an average of
$0.48 per barrel in 2021 to $0.36 per barrel for the year ended
December 31, 2022. A $0.25 change in the Midland-to-Gulf-Coast oil
spreads impacts total year operating cash flows by approximately
$65 million. Gas gathering, processing and transportation results
are affected by fluctuations in commodity prices and the volumes
that are processed and transported through the segment’s plants, as
well as the margins obtained on related services from investments
in which Occidental has an equity interest.
BUSINESS REVIEW
MARKETING
The marketing group markets substantially all of Occidental’s oil,
NGL and natural gas production and optimizes its transportation and
storage capacity. Occidental’s third-party marketing activities
focus on purchasing oil, NGL and natural gas for resale from
parties whose oil and gas supply is located near its transportation
and storage capacity. These purchases allow Occidental to aggregate
volumes to better utilize and optimize its assets. In 2022,
compared to the prior year, marketing results were impacted by the
timing of crude oil sales, partially offset by higher gas marketing
margin from transportation capacity optimization.
DELIVERY AND TRANSPORTATION COMMITMENTS
Occidental has made long-term commitments to certain refineries and
other buyers to deliver oil, NGL and natural gas. The total amount
contracted to be delivered is approximately 80 MMbbl of oil through
2025, 567 MMbbl of NGL through 2029 and 845 Bcf of gas through
2029. The price for these deliveries is set at the time of delivery
of the product.
Occidental has crude pipeline take-or-pay capacity of approximately
850 Mbbl/d to the Gulf Coast, leased crude storage capacity of
approximately 10 MMbbl and capacity at the crude terminal of
approximately 525 Mbbl/d. Certain of Occidental’s crude pipeline
take-or-pay agreements expire in 2025 and take-or-pay commitments
will reduce by two thirds by 2027.
PIPELINE
Occidental’s pipeline business mainly consists of its 24.5%
ownership interest in DEL. DEL owns and operates a 230-mile-long,
48-inch-diameter natural gas pipeline, known as the Dolphin
Pipeline, which transports dry natural gas from Qatar to the UAE
and Oman. The Dolphin Pipeline has capacity to transport up to 3.2
Bcf/d and currently transports approximately 2.0 Bcf/d and up to
2.2 Bcf/d in the summer months.
GAS PROCESSING, GATHERING AND CO2
Occidental processes its own and third-party domestic wet gas to
extract NGL and other gas byproducts, including
CO2
and delivers dry gas to pipelines. Margins primarily result from
the difference between inlet costs of wet gas and market prices for
NGL.
As of December 31, 2022, Occidental owned all of the 2.3%
non-voting general partner interest and 49.5% of the limited
partner units in WES. On a combined basis, with its 2% non-voting
limited partner interest in WES Operating, Occidental's total
effective economic interest in WES and its subsidiaries was 51.7%.
See
Note 1
- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II Item 8
of this Form 10-K for more information regarding
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
Occidental’s equity method investment in WES. WES owns gathering
systems, plants and pipelines and earns revenue from fee-based and
service-based contracts with Occidental and third
parties.
Occidental’s 40% participating interest in Al Hosn Gas also
includes sour gas processing facilities that are designed to
process 1.33 Bcf/d of natural gas and separate it into salable gas,
condensate, NGL and sulfur. In 2022, the project produced 568
MMcf/d of natural gas, 88 Mbbl/d of NGL and condensate, and 10,700
tons/d of sulfur, of which Occidental’s net share was 227 MMcf/d of
natural gas, 35 Mbbl/d of NGL and condensate and 4,280 tons/d of
sulfur.
In 2022, compared to the prior year, gas processing, gathering and
CO2
results increased primarily due to higher sulfur and NGL
prices.
POWER GENERATION FACILITIES
Earnings from power and steam generation facilities are derived
from sales to affiliates and third parties.
LOW-CARBON VENTURES
OLCV was formed to execute on Occidental’s vision to reduce global
emissions and provide a more sustainable future through the
development of low-carbon energy and products. OLCV
capitalizes on Occidental’s extensive experience in utilizing
CO2
in its development of CCUS projects and providing services to third
parties to facilitate the implementation of their CCUS
projects. Moreover, OLCV is fostering emerging technologies,
including DAC and low-carbon power sources, and other business
models with the potential to position Occidental as a leader in the
production of low-carbon energy and products.
Occidental has developed standards and protocols recognized by the
EPA for monitoring, reporting and verifying the amount, safety and
permanence of CO2
stored through secure geologic sequestration. Occidental holds the
nation’s first two EPA-approved monitoring, reporting and
verification plans for geologic sequestration through EOR
production and obtained a third monitoring, reporting and
verification plan in 2021. In 2022, OLCV acquired approximately
three hundred thousand acres of pore space. In 2022, Occidental
also commenced EPA Class 6 permitting with the intention of
developing five sequestration hubs.
OLCV commenced construction on the world’s largest DAC facility in
2022, which is expected to be online in 2025. OLCV is also
currently conducting front-end engineering design work and
feasibility studies on a number of projects to capture and
sequester CO2,
either from the atmosphere or from industrial point sources. In
2023, OLCV plans to invest between $100 million and $500 million,
dependent upon potential partner participation, to pursue various
projects.
The profitability of sequestration projects is dependent upon the
costs of developing, building and operating sequestration
infrastructure, demand for sequestration services from emitters and
the availability of certain tax attributes and credits generated
from the capture and storage of CO2.
In August 2022, Congress passed the Inflation Reduction Act that
contains, among other provisions, certain tax incentives related to
climate change and clean energy. These incentives may attract more
third-party investment of OLCV’s projects which may help accelerate
certain projects. The ultimate impact of the Inflation Reduction
Act on Occidental’s emerging low-carbon businesses and net-zero
pathway will depend on a number of factors, interpretations and
assumptions as well as additional regulatory guidance.
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
Midstream and marketing segment results can experience volatility
depending on commodity price changes, demand impacting export sales
and the Midland-to-Gulf-Coast oil spreads. Gas gathering,
processing and transportation results are affected by fluctuations
in commodity prices and the volumes that are processed and
transported through the segment’s plants, as well as the margins
obtained on related services from investments in which Occidental
has an equity interest.
Throughout 2022, the U.S. experienced economy-wide cost increases,
which could increase the cost of sequestration projects. Occidental
saw increased interest from third parties in providing
sequestration services during the year. Additionally, grants,
credits and other tax-advantaged low-carbon attributes continue to
be actively discussed at both state and federal levels. These
trends are expected to continue, which Occidental believes will
enhance the economics of sequestration projects.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
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SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND ITEMS AFFECTING
COMPARABILITY |
SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Segment earnings exclude income taxes, interest income, interest
expense, environmental remediation expenses, unallocated corporate
expenses and discontinued operations, but include gains and losses
from divestitures of segment assets and income from the segments’
equity investments. Seasonality is not a primary driver of changes
in Occidental’s consolidated quarterly earnings during the
year.
The following table sets forth the sales and earnings of each
operating segment and corporate items for the years ended December
31:
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millions, except per share amounts |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
NET SALES
(a)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
$ |
27,165 |
|
|
$ |
18,941 |
|
|
$ |
13,066 |
|
Chemical
|
|
6,757 |
|
|
5,246 |
|
|
3,733 |
|
Midstream and marketing |
|
4,136 |
|
|
2,863 |
|
|
1,768 |
|
Eliminations |
|
(1,424) |
|
|
(1,094) |
|
|
(758) |
|
Total |
|
$ |
36,634 |
|
|
$ |
25,956 |
|
|
$ |
17,809 |
|
SEGMENT RESULTS AND EARNINGS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic
|
|
$ |
10,439 |
|
|
$ |
2,900 |
|
|
$ |
(8,758) |
|
International
|
|
2,580 |
|
|
1,497 |
|
|
(742) |
|
Exploration
|
|
(216) |
|
|
(252) |
|
|
(132) |
|
Oil and gas |
|
12,803 |
|
|
4,145 |
|
|
(9,632) |
|
Chemical
|
|
2,508 |
|
|
1,544 |
|
|
664 |
|
Midstream and marketing |
|
273 |
|
|
257 |
|
|
(4,175) |
|
Total |
|
$ |
15,584 |
|
|
$ |
5,946 |
|
|
$ |
(13,143) |
|
Unallocated corporate items
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
(1,030) |
|
|
(1,614) |
|
|
(1,424) |
|
Income tax benefit (expense) |
|
(813) |
|
|
(915) |
|
|
2,172 |
|
Other |
|
(437) |
|
|
(627) |
|
|
(1,138) |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
13,304 |
|
|
$ |
2,790 |
|
|
$ |
(13,533) |
|
Discontinued operations, net
|
|
— |
|
|
(468) |
|
|
(1,298) |
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
13,304 |
|
|
2,322 |
|
|
(14,831) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Preferred stock dividends
|
|
(800) |
|
|
(800) |
|
|
(844) |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
|
|
$ |
12,504 |
|
|
$ |
1,522 |
|
|
$ |
(15,675) |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to common
stockholders—basic |
|
$ |
13.41 |
|
|
$ |
1.62 |
|
|
$ |
(17.06) |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to common
stockholders—diluted |
|
$ |
12.40 |
|
|
$ |
1.58 |
|
|
$ |
(17.06) |
|
(a)Intersegment
sales eliminate upon consolidation and are generally made at prices
approximating those that the selling entity would be able to obtain
in third-party transactions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
ITEMS AFFECTING COMPARABILITY
OIL AND GAS SEGMENT
Results of Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
millions |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
Segment Sales |
|
$ |
27,165 |
|
|
$ |
18,941 |
|
|
$ |
13,066 |
|
Segment Results
(a)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic
|
|
$ |
10,439 |
|
|
$ |
2,900 |
|
|
$ |
(8,758) |
|
International
|
|
2,580 |
|
|
1,497 |
|
|
(742) |
|
Exploration
|
|
(216) |
|
|
(252) |
|
|
(132) |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
12,803 |
|
|
$ |
4,145 |
|
|
$ |
(9,632) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Items affecting comparability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset sale gains (losses), net - domestic
(b)
|
|
$ |
148 |
|
|
$ |
27 |
|
|
$ |
(1,275) |
|
Asset sale gains (losses), net - international
(c)
|
|
$ |
55 |
|
|
$ |
43 |
|
|
$ |
(353) |
|
Asset impairments and related items - domestic
(d)
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(282) |
|
|
$ |
(5,904) |
|
Asset impairments and related items - international
(e)
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(1,195) |
|
Oil, natural gas and CO2
mark-to-market gains (losses)
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(280) |
|
|
$ |
1,090 |
|
Rig terminations and other - domestic |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(59) |
|
Rig terminations and other - international |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(13) |
|
(a)Results
included significant items affecting comparability discussed in the
footnotes below.
(b)The
2022 amount included $148 million of gains, primarily related to
the sale of certain non-strategic assets in the Permian Basin. The
2021 amount included $27 million in post-closing consideration
earned from 2020 asset sales as a result of certain production and
pricing targets being met. The 2020 amount included a $440 million
loss on the sale of Occidental’s mineral and fee surface acres in
Wyoming, Colorado and Utah and losses of $820 million related to
the sale of non-core, largely non-operated acreage in the Permian
Basin.
(c)The
2022 amount included $55 million related to post-closing
consideration earned from 2020 asset sales as a result of certain
production and pricing targets being met as well as the closing of
the sale of certain assets that were negotiated with the 2020
Colombia divestiture. The 2021 amount primarily included $55
million in post-closing consideration earned from 2020 asset sales
as a result of certain production and pricing targets being met.
The 2020 amount included a loss on the sale of Occidental’s
Colombia assets of $353 million.
(d)The
2021 amount included $282 million of asset impairments primarily
related to undeveloped leases that either expired or were set to
expire in the near term where Occidental had no plans to pursue
exploration activities. The 2020 amount included pre-tax
impairments of $4.5 billion primarily related to domestic onshore
unproved acreage as well as $1.3 billion primarily related to other
domestic onshore assets and the Gulf of Mexico.
(e)The
2020 amount included $1.2 billion of impairment and related charges
associated with Occidental’s proved properties in Algeria and
Oman.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
Average Realized Prices
The following table sets forth the average realized prices for oil,
NGL and natural gas from ongoing operations for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and includes a
year-over-year change calculation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022 |
|
Year over Year Change |
|
2021 |
|
Year over Year Change |
|
2020 |
Average Realized Prices |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil
($/Bbl)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ |
94.12 |
|
|
42 |
% |
|
$ |
66.39 |
|
|
82 |
% |
|
$ |
36.39 |
|
International |
|
$ |
95.46 |
|
|
47 |
% |
|
$ |
65.08 |
|
|
57 |
% |
|
$ |
41.50 |
|
Total worldwide
|
|
$ |
94.36 |
|
|
43 |
% |
|
$ |
66.14 |
|
|
77 |
% |
|
$ |
37.34 |
|
NGL
($/Bbl)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ |
35.69 |
|
|
17 |
% |
|
$ |
30.62 |
|
|
156 |
% |
|
$ |
11.98 |
|
International |
|
$ |
34.09 |
|
|
30 |
% |
|
$ |
26.13 |
|
|
61 |
% |
|
$ |
16.22 |
|
Total worldwide |
|
$ |
35.48 |
|
|
18 |
% |
|
$ |
30.01 |
|
|
139 |
% |
|
$ |
12.58 |
|
Natural Gas
($/Mcf)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ |
5.48 |
|
|
66 |
% |
|
$ |
3.30 |
|
|
180 |
% |
|
$ |
1.18 |
|
International |
|
$ |
1.89 |
|
|
12 |
% |
|
$ |
1.69 |
|
|
1 |
% |
|
$ |
1.67 |
|
Total worldwide
|
|
$ |
4.51 |
|
|
57 |
% |
|
$ |
2.87 |
|
|
119 |
% |
|
$ |
1.31 |
|
Domestic oil and gas results, excluding significant items affecting
comparability, increased in 2022 compared to 2021 primarily due to
higher realized oil, NGL and natural gas prices and lower DD&A
rates, partially offset by higher lease operating
costs.
International oil and gas results, excluding significant items
affecting comparability, increased in 2022 compared to 2021
primarily due to higher oil prices.
Realized Price and Sales Volume Variance
The following table presents an analysis of the impacts of changes
in average realized prices and sales volumes with regard to
Occidental's domestic and international oil and gas
revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (Decrease) Related to |
|
|
|
millions |
|
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
(a) |
Price Realizations |
|
Net Sales Volumes |
|
Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
(a) |
United States Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil |
|
$ |
12,072 |
|
|
$ |
5,118 |
|
|
$ |
231 |
|
|
$ |
17,421 |
|
|
NGL |
|
2,203 |
|
|
332 |
|
|
96 |
|
|
2,631 |
|
|
Natural gas |
|
1,524 |
|
|
969 |
|
|
(71) |
|
|
2,422 |
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
15,799 |
|
|
$ |
6,419 |
|
|
$ |
256 |
|
|
$ |
22,474 |
|
|
International Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil
(b)
|
|
$ |
2,844 |
|
|
$ |
902 |
|
|
$ |
189 |
|
|
$ |
3,935 |
|
|
NGL |
|
325 |
|
|
85 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
421 |
|
|
Natural gas |
|
291 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
311 |
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
3,460 |
|
|
$ |
1,010 |
|
|
$ |
197 |
|
|
$ |
4,667 |
|
|
(a) Excludes
"other" oil and gas revenue. See
Note
2 - Revenue
in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II
Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding other
revenue.
(b) Includes
the impact of international production sharing
contracts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
Production
The following table sets forth the production volumes of oil, NGL
and natural gas per day from ongoing operations for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and
includes a year-over-year change calculation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production per Day, Ongoing Operations (Mboe/d) |
|
2022 |
|
Year over Year Change |
|
2021 |
|
Year over Year Change |
|
2020 |
United States |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Permian |
|
513 |
|
|
5 |
% |
|
487 |
|
|
(15) |
% |
|
575 |
|
Rockies & Other Domestic |
|
277 |
|
|
(8) |
% |
|
302 |
|
|
(9) |
% |
|
332 |
|
Gulf of Mexico |
|
147 |
|
|
2 |
% |
|
144 |
|
|
11 |
% |
|
130 |
|
Total |
|
937 |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
933 |
|
|
(10) |
% |
|
1,037 |
|
International |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Algeria & Other International |
|
47 |
|
|
7 |
% |
|
44 |
|
|
(2) |
% |
|
45 |
|
Al Hosn Gas |
|
73 |
|
|
(4) |
% |
|
76 |
|
|
(3) |
% |
|
78 |
|
Dolphin |
|
37 |
|
|
(8) |
% |
|
40 |
|
|
(9) |
% |
|
44 |
|
Oman |
|
65 |
|
|
(12) |
% |
|
74 |
|
|
(13) |
% |
|
85 |
|
Total |
|
222 |
|
|
(5) |
% |
|
234 |
|
|
(7) |
% |
|
252 |
|
Total Production from Ongoing Operations
|
|
1,159 |
|
|
(1) |
% |
|
1,167 |
|
|
(9) |
% |
|
1,289 |
|
Operations exited
(a)
|
|
— |
|
|
(100) |
% |
|
16 |
|
|
(72) |
% |
|
58 |
|
Total Production (Mboe/d)
(b)
|
|
1,159 |
|
|
(2) |
% |
|
1,183 |
|
|
(12) |
% |
|
1,347 |
|
(a)Operations
exited include the Ghana assets (sold in October 2021) and the
Colombia onshore assets (sold in December 2020).
(b)Natural
gas volumes have been converted to Boe based on energy content of
six Mcf of gas to one barrel of oil. Boe equivalent does not
necessarily result in price equivalency. Please refer to the
Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (unaudited) section of this
Form 10-K for additional information on oil and gas production and
sales.
Average daily production volumes from ongoing operations remained
materially consistent in 2022 as compared to 2021. Production
increased in the Permian Basin due to increased development
activity, which was partially offset by a decrease in production,
especially natural gas, in the DJ Basin reflecting reduced capital
investment and the impact of rising commodity prices that reduce
Occidental's share of production under international production
sharing contracts.
Lease Operating Expense
The following table sets forth the average lease operating expense
per Boe from ongoing operations for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2022:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
Average lease operating expense per Boe |
|
$ |
9.52 |
|
|
$ |
7.58 |
|
|
$ |
6.38 |
|
Average lease operating expense per Boe increased in 2022 compared
to 2021 primarily as a result of inflationary pressures which led
to higher workover, support and maintenance costs in the Permian
Basin, Rockies and Other and Gulf of Mexico, as well as higher
purchase injectant costs in the Permian Basin.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
CHEMICAL SEGMENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
millions |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
Segment Sales |
|
$ |
6,757 |
|
|
$ |
5,246 |
|
|
$ |
3,733 |
|
Segment Results |
|
$ |
2,508 |
|
|
$ |
1,544 |
|
|
$ |
664 |
|
Chemical segment results increased in 2022 compared to 2021 due to
improved demand and stronger realized prices across most product
lines, including caustic soda, partially offset by higher raw
material costs, primarily energy costs.
MIDSTREAM AND MARKETING SEGMENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
millions |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
Segment Sales |
|
$ |
4,136 |
|
|
$ |
2,863 |
|
|
$ |
1,768 |
|
Segment Results
(a)
|
|
$ |
273 |
|
|
$ |
257 |
|
|
$ |
(4,175) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Items affecting comparability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset sales gains (losses) and others, net
(b)
|
|
$ |
98 |
|
|
$ |
124 |
|
|
$ |
(46) |
|
Derivative gains (losses), net |
|
$ |
(259) |
|
|
$ |
(252) |
|
|
$ |
97 |
|
Goodwill impairments and other charges
(c)
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(21) |
|
|
$ |
(4,194) |
|
(a)Results
included significant items affecting comparability discussed in the
footnotes below.
(b)The
2022 amount included $62 million relating to a gain on the sale of
10 million limited partner units in WES and a $36 million gain
on the sale of a joint venture. The 2021 amount included a $102
million gain from the sale of 11.5 million limited partner units in
WES. The 2020 amount represented a loss on the exchange of WES
common units to retire a $260 million note.
(c)The
2020 amount included a $2.7 billion other-than-temporary
impairment of the equity investment in WES and $1.4 billion of
impairments related to the write-off of goodwill and a loss from an
equity investment related to WES’ write-off of its
goodwill.
Midstream and marketing segment results, excluding items affecting
comparability, increased in 2022 compared to 2021, primarily due to
higher equity income from WES, improved gas marketing margin from
transportation capacity optimization and improved sulfur prices at
Al Hosn Gas, partially offset by the timing impact of crude oil
sales in the marketing business.
CORPORATE
Significant corporate items include the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
millions |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
Items Affecting Comparability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anadarko acquisition-related costs
|
|
$ |
(89) |
|
|
$ |
(153) |
|
|
$ |
(339) |
|
Interest rate swap gains (losses), net
(a)
|
|
$ |
317 |
|
|
$ |
122 |
|
|
$ |
(428) |
|
Maxus environmental reserve adjustment |
|
$ |
(22) |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Early debt extinguishment |
|
$ |
149 |
|
|
$ |
(118) |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Acquisition-related pension & termination benefits
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
114 |
|
Warrants gains, net
(a)
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
(a)See
Note
8 - Derivatives
in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II
Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS |
Total deferred tax assets, after valuation allowance, were
$2.2 billion and
$3.5 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Occidental expects to realize the recorded deferred tax assets, net
of any allowances, through future operating income and reversal of
temporary differences. The total deferred tax liabilities
were
$7.7 billion and
$10.5 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The
decrease in net
deferred tax liability in 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily
driven by the legal entity reorganization that Occidental undertook
in the first quarter of 2022. See more discussion
below.
WORLDWIDE EFFECTIVE TAX RATE
The following table sets forth the calculation of the worldwide
effective tax rate for income from continuing
operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
millions |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
2020 |
SEGMENT RESULTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
$ |
12,803 |
|
|
$ |
4,145 |
|
$ |
(9,632) |
|
Chemical |
|
2,508 |
|
|
1,544 |
|
664 |
|
Midstream and marketing |
|
273 |
|
|
257 |
|
(4,175) |
|
Unallocated corporate items |
|
(1,467) |
|
|
(2,241) |
|
(2,562) |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes |
|
$ |
14,117 |
|
|
$ |
3,705 |
|
$ |
(15,705) |
|
Income tax benefit (expense) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal and state |
|
248 |
|
|
(247) |
|
2,607 |
|
Foreign |
|
(1,061) |
|
|
(668) |
|
(435) |
|
Total income tax benefit (expense) |
|
(813) |
|
|
(915) |
|
2,172 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
13,304 |
|
|
$ |
2,790 |
|
$ |
(13,533) |
|
Worldwide effective tax rate |
|
6% |
|
25 |
% |
|
14% |
In 2022, Occidental’s worldwide effective tax rate was 6%, which
was impacted by a tax benefit associated with Occidental's legal
entity reorganization, as further described below.
In 2021, Occidental’s worldwide effective tax rate was 25%, which
was higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to higher tax
rates in the foreign jurisdictions in which Occidental operates,
partially offset by the tax impact of business credits, state tax
revaluations and other domestic tax benefits.
In 2020, Occidental’s worldwide effective tax rate was 14%, which
was largely a result of the impairment of the WES goodwill and
certain international assets for which Occidental received no tax
benefit and higher-taxed international operations which generally
caused Occidental’s tax rate to vary significantly from the U.S.
corporate tax rate.
LEGAL ENTITY REORGANIZATION
To align Occidental’s legal entity structure with the nature of its
business activities after completing the Anadarko Acquisition and
subsequent large scale post-acquisition divestiture program,
management undertook a legal entity reorganization that was
completed in the first quarter of 2022.
As a result of this legal entity reorganization, management made an
adjustment to the tax basis in a portion of its operating assets,
thus reducing Occidental’s deferred tax liabilities. Accordingly,
in 2022, Occidental recorded a tax benefit of $2.7 billion in
connection with this reorganization. The timing of any reduction in
Occidental’s f