BGEU Baillie Gifford European Growth Trust Plc

RNS Announcement

Baillie Gifford European Growth Trust plc

Legal Entity Identifier: 213800QNN9EHZ4SC1R12

Regulated Information Classification: Interim Financial Report

Results for the six months to 31 March 2024

·    Over the six month period to 31 March 2024, the Company's net asset value per share (NAV) total return was 20.2% compared to a total return of 14.9% for the FTSE Europe ex UK index, in sterling terms. The Company's share price total return for the same period was 18.5%.

·    During the six month period four new positions were taken (Lonza, Assa Abloy, Genmab and Camurus) and six existing positions were added to (DSV, Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Royal Unibrew, Hypoport, Moncler and Bending Spoons).

·    Private company holdings, of which there are five, accounted for 9.9% of total assets as at the period end.

·    Invested gearing stood at 12% at the end of the period.

Baillie Gifford European Growth Trust's objective is to achieve capital growth over the long-term from a diversified portfolio of European securities. At 31 March 2024 the Company had total assets of £448.5 million.

Baillie Gifford European Growth Trust is managed by Baillie Gifford, an Edinburgh-based fund management group with approximately £227 billion under management and advice as at 15 May 2024.

Baillie Gifford European Growth Trust is a listed UK company. The value of its shares and any income from them can fall as well as rise and investors may not get back the amount invested.  The Company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is not authorised or regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.  You can find up-to-date performance information about Baillie Gifford European Growth Trust at bgeuropeangrowth.com‡.

Past performance is not a guide to future performance. Total return information is sourced from LSEG, Baillie Gifford and relevant underlying index providers. See disclaimer at end of this announcement.

15 May 2024

For further information please contact:

Naomi Cherry, Baillie Gifford & Co  

Tel: 0131 275 2000

Jonathan Atkins, Director, Four Communications

Tel: 0203 920 0555 or 07872 495396

‡ Neither the contents of the Managers' website nor the contents of any website accessible from hyperlinks on the Managers' website (or any other website) is incorporated into, or forms part of, this announcement.

The following is the unaudited Interim Financial Report for the six months to 31 March 2024 which was approved by the Board on 15 May 2024.

Interim management report

For many growth investors, ourselves included, the rapid rise in inflation and interest rates in recent years has been painful. We have deliberately taken advantage of lower valuations and prepared for inflection points, accepting as we did that recoveries and rebounds are seldom linear. We have weeded out weaker companies, added to long-term winners facing temporary challenges, and purchased new competitively advantaged companies benefiting from strong tailwinds across multiple industries. While performance improved significantly during the period, we think there is more to come. Europe is unloved, and with resilient companies offering significant long-term upside on sale, it feels like a better time to be a long-term European growth investor than it has for several years.

Portfolio

Of course, there is a danger of sounding like a broken record. Moving beyond the abstract to corporate reality is a far better means of conveying our growing optimism. For most companies in the portfolio, fundamentals are strengthening around key inflection points.

In healthcare, for example, we see enduring tailwinds behind several innovative treatment modalities. New holding Genmab is building on its success in treating blood cancer with further ground-breaking antibody-based treatments, while existing holding CRISPR Therapeutics' cure for sickle cell disease received the world's first approval for a CRISPR gene-editing medicine, setting the scene for many more. Meanwhile, Sartorius Stedim Biotech, which provides cost-efficient bioprocessing equipment for the manufacture of new, innovative medicines, is seeing orders inflect after a period of post-pandemic destocking. Things are going well at Swiss drug development and manufacturing business Lonza, a recent addition to the portfolio.

We share more detail on the company later in this report but suffice it to say that thanks to geopolitical tensions between China and the US and the purchase of a large manufacturing facility from Roche, Lonza is well positioned to gain market share from here.

In technology, we continue to see platform companies scaling at pace. What has changed is that many are now paying more attention to costs, which should help drive profitable growth. Spotify, for example, is getting its staff costs under control after a period of heightened hiring, and in its recent first quarter results we saw the benefits. We have seen a similar trend at Hypoport, Germany's leading online mortgage platform, which also had to make staff cuts in 2023, but importantly has seen market share gains during the recent, severe market downturn. Mortgage volumes appear to have bottomed out, and with recovery hopefully imminent, Hypoport should deliver attractive profit growth.

In the semiconductor industry, companies are emerging from the recent market downturn, with the advent of artificial intelligence an additional tailwind. Lithography will continue to be a key driver of computing power in the years ahead, and Dutch powerhouse ASML leads the way with its monopoly at the leading edge of lithography machines. In fact, in the last quarter of 2023, it saw its highest ever level for bookings. Fellow holding Soitec is at the lagging end of the recovery. It makes engineered substrates for a variety of applications but has suffered from excess downstream inventory. This should correct in the next year or two, leading to an inflection point for revenues which the company expects to exceed €2bn by 2027, doubling from last year's starting point.

Such patterns can be seen across the portfolio. In luxury, private markets, acquisition-led companies, and much besides. Some investment cases will not work out, but we increasingly see a disconnect between strengthening underlying fundamentals overall and the relatively low level of valuations across the portfolio.

Performance

As share prices have begun to reflect these turning points, performance has improved. Over the period the Company's NAV delivered a total return of 20.2% in sterling terms, while the FTSE Europe ex-UK benchmark returned 14.9%. The Company's share price total return was 18.5%, ending the period at 98.6p, representing a discount of 14.8% to the net asset value per share. This compares to a discount of 13.6% at the beginning of the period.

We fully realise that shareholders expect outperformance as a matter of course, not as an exception. Believe us when we say that we - as shareholders too - have been unhappy with recent performance. We cannot promise that performance will continue to improve, nor would we seek to argue that every stock in the portfolio will do great things, but the abundance of positive inflection points and reasonable valuations give us cause for rational rather than blind optimism about the years to come.

Transactions

Online classifieds group Adevinta is in the process of being taken private by a private equity consortium led by Permira. The bid values the company at NOK 115 per share (a 54% premium to the trailing 3-month average price), and while this price seems low to us, we decided to sell the holding as the probability of the deal going through is high - large shareholders are supportive. We will retain some exposure through our investment in Schibsted, which will be left with an 11% stake in Adevinta when it is taken private. We also sold Hemnet, Sweden's monopolistic online property portal, on valuation grounds. Its economics are superb, but at 23x forward sales, the market price seemed to be fully reflecting even our rosiest upside case.

While we have seen positive inflection points in some technology companies, we've seen negative signs in others. We sold Zalando, HelloFresh and AUTO1 during the period as it became increasingly clear that these business models are less attractive than we had initially believed. There are additional factors to consider in each case:

• Zalando is struggling to differentiate itself in the world of online fashion. Its broad selection seems insufficient to convince shoppers to begin their journey on the platform instead of Google or brands' own websites, and we see increasing competition from Shein and Temu and heightened substitution risk from second-hand fashion marketplace Vinted. We had also hoped that Zalando's services for brands, like marketing and fulfilment, would have a positive impact on profitability, but they haven't.

• AUTO1 is attempting to marry the digital and the physical, allowing car dealers and consumers to buy cars online while providing assurance via local test and inspection centres. With wafer thin margins in the core merchant business and a higher cost of capital, AUTO1 will find it increasingly difficult to scale, particularly as incumbent online classifieds companies continue to encroach on its turf.

• HelloFresh saw revenues more than quadruple from 2019 to 2022 as the core meal kit business took off. It also acquired its way into the ready-to-eat market via the purchase of Factor. However, after two profit warnings in the past two quarters, it became evident that the core meal kit business had begun to decline while the company is trying to grow Factor, which requires significant investment. The underlying economics thus look less attractive.

We also made small reductions to other holdings. As mentioned, Spotify's revenue momentum remains strong, but its margin outlook improved significantly when CEO Daniel Ek announced job cuts. The shares have performed strongly, and while we're willing to give management the benefit of the doubt for now, we remain vigilant. Margins could end up somewhere in the 5-10% corridor but returns on capital ought to be very high as Spotify's business model requires little capital. We also took money out of Prosus on growing concerns over the Chinese government's periodic interventions in the domestic gaming and other markets. We feel the smaller holding size better reflects the risks.

We made four new purchases during the period: Lonza, Assa Abloy, Genmab and Camurus.

As mentioned earlier, Lonza is a Swiss contract development and manufacturing organisation (CDMO). It is a one-stop shop for pharmaceutical companies, supporting them with products and services from early trials through to the manufacturing and packaging of finished products. Its strength lies in biologics, where market growth rates could be around 10% for the next decade as revolutionary treatments increasingly take off. Lonza enjoys many advantages, including scale and reliability, and once it is built into the manufacture of a drug, it is extremely difficult to dislodge. Lonza was the first CDMO to scale up commercial manufacturing for an mRNA-based treatment in the form of the COVID vaccine developed with Moderna. We took advantage of the share price almost halving from June to December to take a holding, as the market grappled with the cancellation of a contract with Moderna on the back of lower COVID vaccine demand and poor communication from the now-dismissed CEO. Neither dent the long-term potential as much as the market reaction implied.

Assa Abloy is a high quality Swedish industrial in the access solutions (locks) market. It is known for its mechanical and electronic locks, and while the transition from the former to the latter ought to provide a helpful tailwind to growth over the next decade, it is Assa's skill in acquisitions we find especially appealing given the fragmented nature of its market. As with many of Sweden's excellent industrials, Assa benefits from the presence of long-term owners, in this case the Douglas and Schörling families, and a CEO whose years at Atlas Copco are possibly the best training we can imagine for running an industrial business. We took a holding after a moderate derating in Assa's multiples gave us an unusual opportunity to buy this high quality, long admired company at a reasonable price.

Genmab is a Danish drug developer which uses its unique expertise in antibodies to develop medicines for oncology and autoimmune diseases. Since 2017, it has brought to market two wholly owned drugs and eight royalty-generating partnered products, including three US$1bn+ revenue blockbusters. One of these, Darzalex, developed for Johnson & Johnson, is nearing US$10bn in sales. We see a raft of external validations here, with multiple partners choosing Genmab as the partner of choice for antibody treatments given its deep expertise. CEO Jan van der Winkel has been a key driving force of the company since 2010, and like us, wants to ensure Genmab remains independent. The market is focusing too much on the large exposure to Darzalex and Genmab's willingness to continue investing and failing, we feel, to appreciate the many potential shots on goal the underlying technology permits.

Camurus is a Swedish biotechnology company founded in 1991. It does not engage in drug discovery but reformulates existing medicines as long-acting injectables using its proprietary delivery technology FluidCrystal. The bulk of Camurus' revenue today comes from Buvidal (known as Brixadi in the US), its innovative treatment for opioid use disorder. While this opportunity is substantial, it is the potential for FluidCrystal to be extended into multiple new markets with limited biological or regulatory risk that we find appealing in terms of potential investment outcomes. Like Genmab, Camurus is highly profitable and ambitious, targeting a quintupling of revenue by 2027 compared with 2022.

Elsewhere, we have invested additional funds in existing holdings where share prices continue to under-represent fundamental progress. This includes DSV, Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Royal Unibrew, Hypoport and Moncler. We also made two further investments in unlisted Italian app operator Bending Spoons where operational momentum continues to outperform our expectations.

Outlook

Warren Buffett once said 'the beauty of stocks is they do sell at silly prices from time to time.' For today this is perhaps too hyperbolic, but what we can say is that the combination of inflection points and lower starting valuations sets a favourable scene for the years ahead. The forces that sparked the downturn in growth equities from late 2021 onwards appear to be easing, with disinflation, expected interest rate cuts, healthier inventories, and stronger growth forecasts offering potential tailwinds to valuations. If history is anything to go by, we could see a strong rebound in the small and mid-cap companies we are disproportionately exposed to. Our insight is not, however, that valuation multiples will rise - though that may well happen - it is that the companies in our portfolio have strong secular underpinnings, competitive advantages, excellent management, and multiple paths ahead for accelerated, profitable growth.

Chris Davies

Stephen Paice

For a definition of terms see Glossary of terms and Alternative Performance Measures at the end of this announcement.

Total return information sourced from LSEG, Baillie Gifford and relevant underlying index providers.

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company are set out at the end of this announcement.

Past performance is not a guide to future performance.

Ballie Gifford - valuing private companies

We aim to hold our private company investments at 'fair value' i.e. the price that would be paid in an open-market transaction. Valuations are adjusted both during regular valuation cycles and on an ad hoc basis in response to 'trigger events'. Our valuation process ensures that private companies are valued in both a fair and timely manner.

The valuation process is overseen by a valuations committee at Baillie Gifford which takes advice from an independent third party (S&P Global). The investment managers feed into the process, but the valuations committee owns the process and the portfolio managers only receive final valuation notifications once they have been applied.

We revalue the private holdings on a three-month rolling cycle, with one-third of the holdings reassessed each month.

Continued market volatility has meant that recent pricing has moved much more frequently than would have been the case with the quarterly valuations cycle. Beyond the regular cycle, the valuations team also monitors the portfolio for certain 'trigger events'. These may include: changes in fundamentals; a takeover approach; an intention to carry out an initial public offering; or changes to the valuation of comparable public companies. The valuations team also monitors relevant market indices on a weekly basis and updates valuations in a manner consistent with our external valuer's (S&P Global) most recent valuation report where appropriate.

When market volatility is particularly pronounced the team do these checks daily. Any ad hoc change to the fair valuation of any holding is implemented swiftly and reflected in the next published net asset value. There is no delay.

The Independent Auditor's Report included in the 2023 Annual Report explains the procedures carried out by the external auditor on the private companies (unquoted investments) as part of their audit.

List of investments

^U Denotes private company investment.

* New holding bought during the year (Adevinta, AUTO1, Cellectis, HelloFresh, Hemnet, Hexpol and Zalando were sold during the period).

† Includes a convertible loan note.

Income statement (unaudited)

The total column of this statement is the profit and loss account of the Company. The supplementary revenue and capital columns are prepared under guidance published by the Association of Investment Companies.

All revenue and capital items in the above statements derive from continuing operations.

A Statement of Comprehensive Income is not required as all gains and losses of the Company have been reflected in the above statement.

The accompanying notes below are an integral part of the Financial Statements.

Balance sheet (unaudited)

*See Glossary of terms and Alternative Performance Measures at the end of this announcement.

Statement of changes in equity (unaudited)

For the six months ended 31 March 2024

For the six months ended 31 March 2023

* The capital reserve balance at 31 March 2024 includes investment holding gains on investments of £64,208,000 (31 March 2023 - gains of £3,839,000).

Cash flow statement (unaudited)

For the six months to 31 March

*     Cash from operations includes dividends received in the period of £1,084,000 (31 March 2023 - £443,000) and deposit interest received of £26,000

 (31 March 2023 - £3,000).

^†  Cash and cash equivalents represent cash at bank and short-term money market deposits repayable on demand.

Notes to the Financial Statements (unaudited)

1.   Principal accounting policies

The condensed Financial Statements for the six months to 31 March 2024 comprise the statements set out above together with the related notes below. They have been prepared in accordance with FRS 104 'Interim Financial Reporting' and the AIC's Statement of Recommended Practice issued in July 2022 and have not been audited or reviewed by the Auditor pursuant to the Auditing Practices Board Guidance 'Review of Interim Financial Information'. The Financial Statements for the six months to 31 March 2024 have been prepared on the basis of the same accounting policies as set out in the Company's Annual Report and Financial Statements at 30 September 2023.

Going concern

The Directors have considered the nature of the Company's principal risks and uncertainties below and the ongoing impact of geopolitical and macroeconomic challenges. In addition, the Company's investment objective and policy, assets and liabilities and projected income and expenditure, together with the dividend policy have been taken into consideration and it is the Directors' opinion that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The Company's assets, the majority of which are investments in quoted securities which are readily realisable, exceed its liabilities significantly. All borrowings require the prior approval of the Board and gearing levels are reviewed by the Board on a regular basis. The Directors consider it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these Financial Statements and confirm that they are not aware of any material uncertainties which may affect the Company's ability to continue to do so over a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of these Financial Statements.

2.   Financial information

The financial information contained within this Interim Financial Report does not constitute statutory accounts as defined in sections 434 to 436 of the Companies Act 2006. The financial information for the year ended 30 September 2023 has been extracted from the statutory accounts which have been filed with the Registrar of Companies.

The Auditor's Report on those accounts was not qualified, did not include a reference to any matters to which the Auditor drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report, and did not contain a statement under sections 498(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.

3.   Investment management

Baillie Gifford & Co Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Baillie Gifford & Co, was appointed by the Company as its Alternative Investment Fund Manager (AIFM) and Company Secretary on 29 November 2019. The investment management function has been delegated to Baillie Gifford & Co. The management agreement can be terminated on three months' notice. The annual management fee is 0.55% of the lower of (i) the Company's market capitalisation and (ii) the Company's net asset value (which shall include income), in either case up to £500 million, and 0.50% of the amount of the lower of the Company's market capitalisation or net asset value above £500 million, calculated and payable quarterly.

4.   Finance costs

5.    Tax

The revenue tax charge for the six months to 31 March 2023 included £7,004,000 UK corporation tax to be repaid in respect of the Company's financial years 2003 to 2009 following successful legal action regarding the tax treatment of overseas dividend income. During the year end 30 September 2023 a repayment of tax of £7,034,000 was received from HMRC.

6.    Net return per ordinary share

Net return per ordinary share is based on the above totals of revenue and capital and the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during each period.

There are no dilutive or potentially dilutive shares in issue.

7.    Dividends

8.    Fair value hierarchy

The Company's investments are financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss. The fair value hierarchy used to analyse the basis on which the fair values of financial instruments held at fair value through the profit or loss account are measured is described below. Fair value measurements are categorised on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Level 1 - using unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in an active market;

Level 2 - using inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are directly or indirectly observable (based on market data); and

Level 3 - using inputs that are unobservable (for which market data is unavailable).

An analysis of the Company's financial asset investments based on the fair value hierarchy described above is shown below.

Unlisted investments are valued at fair value by the Directors following a detailed review and appropriate challenge of the valuations proposed by the Managers. The Managers' unlisted valuation policy applies methodologies consistent with the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines ('IPEV'). These methodologies can be categorised as follows:

(a) market approach (multiples, industry valuation benchmarks and available market prices); (b) income approach (discounted cash flows); and (c) replacement cost approach (net assets). The Company's holdings in unlisted investments are categorised as Level 3 as unobservable data is a significant input to their fair value measurements.

9.   Financial liabilities

The Company has a €30 million overdraft credit facility with The Northern Trust Company for the purpose of pursuing its investment objective. At 31 March 2024, nil had been drawn down under the facility (31 March 2023 - nil, 30 September 2023 - nil). Interest is charged at 1.25% above the European Central Bank Main Refinancing Rate. On 8 December 2020 the Company issued €30 million of long-term, fixed rate, senior, unsecured privately placed notes ('loan notes'), with a fixed coupon of 1.57% to be repaid on 8 December 2040 and on 24 June 2021 issued a further €30 million of loan notes with a fixed coupon of 1.55% to be repaid on 24 June 2036. At 31 March 2024 the book value of the loan notes amounted to £51,212,000 (31 March 2023 - £52,628,000, 30 September 2023 - £51,960,000). The fair value of the loan notes at 31 March 2024 was £36,422,000 (31 March 2023 - £34,280,000, 30 September 2023 - £32,869,000).

10.                Share capital

The Company has authority to allot shares under section 551 of the Companies Act 2006. The Board has authorised use of this authority to issue new shares at a premium to net asset value in order to enhance the net asset value per share for existing shareholders and improve the liquidity of the Company's shares. In the six months to 31 March 2024 no ordinary shares were issued (in the year to 30 September 2023 no ordinary shares were issued).

The Company also has authority to buy back shares. In the six months to 31 March 2024 no ordinary shares were bought back for cancellation and 2,284,167 ordinary shares were bought back into treasury at a cost of £2,102,000. (In the year to 30 September 2023 no ordinary shares were bought back for cancellation and 538,471 ordinary shares were bought back into treasury at a cost of £501,000).

Between 1 April 2024 and 14 May 2024, no shares were issued and 553,301 shares were bought back into treasury.

11.  Related Party Transactions

There have been no transactions with related parties during the first six months of the current financial year that have materially affected the financial position or the performance of the Company during that period and there have been no changes in the related party transactions described in the last Annual Report and Financial Statements that could have had such an effect on the Company during that period.

None of the views expressed in this document should be construed as advice to buy or sell a particular investment.

Principal risks and uncertainties

The principal risks facing the Company are financial risk, investment strategy risk, political and associated economic risk, discount risk, regulatory risk, custody and depositary risk, operational risk, leverage risk, climate and governance risk and cyber security risk. An explanation of these risks and how they are managed is set out on pages 30 and 34 of the Company's Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year to 30 September 2023 which is available on the Company's website: bgeuropeangrowth.com. The principal risks and uncertainties have not changed since the date of the Annual Report.

Responsibility statement

We confirm that to the best of our knowledge:

a.  the condensed set of Financial Statements has been prepared in accordance with FRS 104 'Interim Financial Reporting';

b.  the Interim Management Report includes a fair review of the information required by Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rule 4.2.7R (indication of important events during the first six months, their impact on the Financial Statements and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the year); and

c.  the Interim Financial Report includes a fair review of the information required by Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rule 4.2.8R (disclosure of related party transactions and changes therein).

By order of the Board

Michael MacPhee

Chairman

15 May 2024

Glossary of terms and Alternative Performance Measures ('APM')

Total assets

This is the Company's definition of Adjusted Total Assets, being the total value of all assets less current

liabilities, before deduction of all borrowings.

Shareholders' funds

Shareholders' funds is the value of all assets held less all liabilities, with borrowings deducted at book cost.

Net asset value

Net asset value (NAV) is the value of total assets less liabilities (including borrowings). The NAV per share is calculated by dividing this amount by the number of ordinary shares in issue (excluding treasury shares).

Net asset value (borrowings at book value)

Borrowings are valued at nominal book value (book cost).

Net asset value (borrowings at fair value) (APM)

Borrowings are valued at an estimate of their market worth.

Net liquid assets

Net liquid assets comprise current assets less current liabilities, excluding borrowings.

(Discount)/premium (APM)

As stock markets and share prices vary, an investment trust's share price is rarely the same as its NAV per share. When the share price is lower than the NAV per share it is said to be trading at a discount. The size of the discount is calculated by subtracting the share price from the NAV per share and is usually expressed as a percentage of the NAV per share. If the share price is higher than the NAV per share, it is said to be trading at a premium.

Total return (APM)

The total return is the return to shareholders after reinvesting the net dividend on the date that the share price goes ex-dividend.

Net asset value (reconciliation of NAV at book value to NAV at fair value)

Gearing (APM)

At its simplest, gearing is borrowing. Just like any other public company, an investment trust can borrow money to invest in additional investments for its portfolio. The effect of the borrowing on the shareholders' assets is called 'gearing'. If the Company's assets grow, the shareholders' assets grow proportionately more because the debt remains the same. But if the value of the Company's assets falls, the situation is reversed. Gearing can therefore enhance performance in rising markets but can adversely impact performance in falling markets. Gross gearing is the Company's borrowings expressed as a percentage of shareholders' funds. Gearing represents borrowings less cash and cash equivalents expressed as a percentage of shareholders' funds.

Active share (APM)

Active share, a measure of how actively a portfolio is managed, is the percentage of the portfolio that differs from its comparative index. It is calculated by deducting from 100 the percentage of the portfolio that overlaps with the comparative index. An active share of 100 indicates no overlap with the index and an active share of zero indicates a portfolio that tracks the index.

Third party data provider disclaimer

No third party data provider ('Provider') makes any warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data contained herewith nor as to the results to be obtained by recipients of the data. No Provider shall in any way be liable to any recipient of the data for any inaccuracies, errors or omissions in the index data included in this document, regardless of cause, or for any damages (whether direct or indirect) resulting therefrom.

No Provider has any obligation to update, modify or amend the data or to otherwise notify a recipient thereof in the event that any matter stated herein changes or subsequently becomes inaccurate.

Without limiting the foregoing, no Provider shall have any liability whatsoever to you, whether in contract (including under an indemnity), in tort (including negligence), under a warranty, under statute or otherwise, in respect of any loss or damage suffered by you as a result of or in connection with any opinions, recommendations, forecasts, judgements, or any other conclusions, or any course of action determined, by you or any third party, whether or not based on the content, information or materials contained herein.

FTSE Index data

Source: London Stock Exchange Group plc and its group undertakings (collectively, the 'LSE Group'). © LSE Group 2024. FTSE Russell is a trading name of certain of the LSE Group companies. 'FTSE®' 'Russell®', FTSE Russell®, are trade marks of the relevant LSE Group companies and are used by any other LSE Group company under license. All rights in the FTSE Russell indexes or data vest in the relevant LSE Group company which owns the index or the data. Neither LSE Group nor its licensors accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the indexes or data and no party may rely on any indexes or data contained in this communication. No further distribution of data from the LSE Group is permitted without the relevant LSE Group company's express written consent. The LSE Group does not promote, sponsor or endorse the content of this communication.

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