Item 1.
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Description of Business
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General
GeoResources, Inc. (the Company, we, us, our), a Colorado corporation formed in 1958, is
an independent oil and gas company engaged in the acquisition and development of oil and gas reserves through an active and diversified program which includes purchases of reserves, re-engineering, development and exploration activities primarily
focused in three core U.S. areas the Southwest and Gulf Coast, the Rocky Mountains and the Williston Basin. As a result of several related transactions described below in Recent Developments, the Company underwent a substantial
change in ownership, management, assets and business strategy, all effective as of April 17, 2007.
Information
contained in this Form 10-KSB contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which can be identified by the use of words such as may, will, expect,
anticipate, estimate or continue, or variations of these words or comparable terminology. In addition, all statements other than statements of historical facts that address activities, events or developments that
we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future, and other such matters, are forward-looking statements. Our future results may vary materially from those anticipated by management and may be affected by various trends and factors,
which are beyond our control. Please review some of the more significant risks we face under the heading Risk Factors presented at the end of Item 1 of this report.
Recent Developments
Merger Change in Management, Control and Business Strategy
On April 17, 2007, the Company merged with Southern Bay Oil & Gas, L.P. (Southern Bay) and a subsidiary of
Chandler Energy, LLC (Chandler) and acquired certain Chandler-associated oil and gas properties in exchange for 10,690,000 shares of common stock (collectively, the Merger). As a result of the Merger, the former Southern Bay
partners received approximately 57% of the then outstanding common stock of the Company and thus acquired voting control. Although GeoResources was the legal acquirer, for financial reporting purposes the Merger was accounted for as a reverse
acquisition of GeoResources by Southern Bay and an acquisition of Chandler and its associated properties.
As part of the
Merger, Frank A. Lodzinski assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, Collis P. Chandler, III became Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer of the Northern Division and a Director, and Francis M. Mury became
Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer of the Southern Division. In addition, Howard E. Ehler became Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Robert J. Anderson became Vice President, Business Development, Acquisitions &
Divestitures. The Board of Directors was reconstituted to include a majority of directors appointed by Southern Bay and Chandler. See Part III of this report for information concerning our officers and directors.
Our operations are managed through a Southern and Northern divisional structure. The Southern Division and corporate offices are
headquartered in Houston, Texas and the Northern Division is headquartered in Denver, Colorado.
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Since the Merger, our new management team has implemented its business strategy designed
to:
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(1)
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develop our existing asset base;
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(2)
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expand our acreage and prospect portfolio; and
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(3)
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continue producing property acquisition activities, while divesting non-core and marginally economic properties.
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During the course of 2007 we transitioned from a small regional North Dakota-based company producing 375 BOE per day with
3.0 million BOE of proved reserves, to a full-scale exploration and production company with operations in multiple basins. As of December 31, 2007, we estimated we had 15.7 million BOE of proved reserves, which were approximately 69%
oil and 85% developed. See Item 2 of this report for our estimates of our oil and gas reserves at December 31, 2007. Our December 2007 production totaled 111.7 MBOE or 3,603 BOE per day of which 60% was oil.
Acquisitions and Development
In
February 2007, we acquired properties located in the Giddings Field of the Austin Chalk trend of Texas. In conjunction with this acquisition, a partnership was formed with a large institutional investor as limited partner. A wholly-owned subsidiary
of the Company acquired both a direct 8% working interest and a 2% general partner interest in this partnership. Our share of the acquisition purchase price of $82 million was $6.6 million, and our general partner contribution was $1.6 million.
These amounts were funded with additional capital contributions of $5 million from former Southern Bay partners, borrowings under our bank credit agreement of $3 million and working capital of $196,000.
In October 2007, we acquired all of the limited partnership interest in AROC Energy, L.P., an affiliated limited partnership for which we
served as general partner. This interest was acquired from a non-affiliated limited partner for $91.1 million. As a result we owned 100% of this limited partnership which held oil and gas property interests in Louisiana, the Gulf Coast, South Texas,
the Permian Basin and the Black Warrior Basin. The partnership was dissolved in November 2007 and the oil and gas properties were integrated into our operations. This acquisition effectively doubled our reserves and was funded with proceeds from a
senior secured credit agreement which is discussed below.
Bank Credit Agreement
On October 16, 2007, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Credit Agreement) with Wachovia Bank,
National Association, (the Bank) which provides for a line of credit for three years. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, we secured an Amended and Restated Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the Amended Credit
Facility), which is available to provide financing of up to $200 million. The Credit Agreement is secured by a first lien on substantially all of our assets. The initial borrowing base of the Amended Credit Facility is $110 million and is
subject to redetermination on June 1 and December 1 of each year. As of December 31, 2007, the borrowing base was $110 million and long-term debt outstanding was $96.0 million. As of March 24, 2008, the debt balance had been
reduced to $86 million. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either (1) the LIBOR rate plus 1.50% to 2.25% or (b) the Banks prime rate plus .5% to 1.25%, depending on the amount borrowed under the Amended
Credit Facility. The Amended Credit Facility contains a number of covenants that, among
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other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens on assets, make investments, enter into
sale and leaseback transactions, pay dividends and distributions or repurchase our capital stock, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell certain assets, sell or discount any notes receivable or accounts receivable and engage in certain
transactions with affiliates. The Amended Credit Facility also requires the maintenance of certain financial ratios. We are in compliance with those covenants.
Business Strategy
Upon closing the Merger in April 2007, our new management implemented its business
strategy, which includes:
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expanding acreage and prospect inventory through internal generation of new prospects, field and regional studies on existing assets and surrounding acreage,
corporate or asset acquisitions or mergers, and selective prospect participations with other capable oil and gas operators;
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acquiring additional oil and gas reserves through asset or corporate acquisitions or mergers;
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comprehensive field re-engineering, designed to enhance current production, lower per unit operating expenses, reduce production failures and down time, and
therefore improve field economics, longevity of production and reserve value; and
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development, exploitation and exploration activities intended to increase production and estimated proved reserves.
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This fundamental operating and technical strategy is complemented by managements commitment to:
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maintain a fundamentally sound capital structure and low cost of capital;
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control capital, operating and administrative costs;
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hedge production to provide a foundation to seek predictable cash flows to support development and exploration activities;
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divest of non-core assets to high-grade our portfolio of properties; and
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promote industry and institutional partners into projects to manage risk and to lower net finding and development costs.
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The key to managements approach is that the business strategy first focuses on building reserves and cash flows and then expands
acreage, development and exploration inventory
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In the opinion of management, its strategy and approach to operations and financial management is a preferable strategy for us because:
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it addresses multiple risks of oil and gas operations while providing shareholders with significant upside potential;
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it results in staying-power, which management believes is essential to insulate the Company against adverse impacts from fluctuating and volatile
markets; and
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it is a strategy employed successfully in prior entities formed, acquired and operated by management.
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Each component of our business strategy and related matters are briefly discussed below.
Acquisitions and Divestitures.
Acquisitions of oil and gas properties and/or companies in conjunction with exploration and development activities
are designed to allow us to assemble a portfolio of properties with the potential for meaningful economic returns resulting from 1) the application of operational and technical attention, 2) development of non-producing reserves, and 3) realization
of exploration upside. Acquired interests will generally have the characteristics of manageable risk, fairly predictable production and value enhancement potential. An ongoing part of our portfolio approach is the divestiture of non-core assets in
order to streamline and high-grade our oil and gas property portfolio. Divestitures of this type of properties are expected to be an active part of any acquisition and asset high-grading program.
Development Activities.
We are also focused on development and exploitation of non-producing reserves. We conduct comprehensive field studies,
which usually result in:
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Re-engineering projects which are designed to result in lower per unit operating expenses and/or reduced field down-time. In addition, we seek to implement more
efficient production practices to increase production and arrest natural field production declines. This strategy includes re-configuring or replacing down-hole and surface equipment and flow lines, correctly sizing compression, drilling salt water
disposal wells, well workovers, and related activities, as well as integration of operations and reservoir engineering with emphasis on cost control.
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Development and exploration projects which result from the integration of operations and reservoir engineering with geology and geophysics. Where applicable, 3-D
seismic technology is utilized. Our objective is to develop specific projects to recover bypassed or undeveloped reserves and define exploration potential.
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Exploration.
We expect to expand our exploration activities as our asset size increases. Management has a demonstrated ability to generate prospects and drilling opportunities and expand
acreage positions. In addition, we have committed a significant portion of our capital budget to exploration. See Item 6. Managements Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation for information regarding our capital budget. Further, we
believe we have the requisite geological, geophysical, engineering and land capabilities, through our internal staff and dedicated consultants, to expand acreage positions and drilling inventory. This strategy has three distinct purposes:
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expand our inventory of substantive acreage and prospects;
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fully develop acquired properties; and
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realize superior economic returns from exploration.
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While we will dedicate a meaningful portion of our budget to exploration and drilling, as the geological objectives move to a higher risk and cost profile, industry or institutional partners may
be solicited on a basis where we recoup some or all of our costs and sell off part of a project to them in exchange for a carried interest.
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Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions.
As a distinct part of our overall strategy, we continue to
pursue corporate merger and acquisition opportunities. Criteria might include, but are not limited to:
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the potential to increase assets in a core area;
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the opportunity to increase earnings and cash flow;
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development and exploration potential;
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the ability to refinance debt and attract capital; and
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realization of administrative savings.
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In summary, we believe these diversified business strategies and methodical processes will maintain the reserve and production base and lead to growth in reserves, production, cash flow and, consequently, in per share
values.
Oil and Gas Exploration and Development
Our oil and gas exploration and production efforts are concentrated on oil and gas properties in our areas of operations. We typically generate prospects for our own exploitation, but when we
believe a prospect may have substantial risk or cost, we may attempt to raise all or a portion of the funds necessary for exploration or development through farmouts, joint ventures, or other similar types of cost-sharing arrangements. The amount of
interest retained by us in a cost-sharing arrangement varies widely and depends upon many factors, including the exploratory costs and the risks involved.
Marketing of Production
Our oil and gas production is marketed to third parties consistent with
industry practices. Typically, oil is sold at the wellhead at field posted prices or market indices, plus or minus adjustments for quality and transportation. Natural gas is usually sold under a contract at a negotiated price based upon factors
normally considered in the industry, such as gas quality, distance from the well to the pipeline and liquid hydrocarbon content, and prevailing supply/demand conditions.
Backlog Orders, Research and Development
We do not have any long-term
contracts to supply crude oil or natural gas. However, from time to time, we enter into short-term contracts to deliver quantities of oil or gas; however, no significant backlog exists. Our oil and gas division order contracts and any
off-lease-marketing arrangements are typical of those in the industry with 30 to 90 day cancellation notice provisions. These contracts generally do not require long-term delivery of fixed quantities of oil or gas. We have not spent any material
time or funds on research and development and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. In addition, as discussed elsewhere, we have entered into long-term commodity hedge contracts to mitigate the effects of price declines of oil and
natural gas.
Competition
In addition to being highly speculative, the oil and gas business is intensely competitive among the many independent operators and major oil companies in the industry. Many competitors possess financial resources and
technical facilities greater than those available to us and they may, therefore, be able to pay more for desirable properties or find more potentially productive prospects.
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Environmental Regulations
All of our operations are generally subject to numerous stringent federal, state and local environmental regulations under various acts including the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act.
For example, our oil and gas operations are affected by diverse environmental regulations including those regarding the disposal of produced oilfield brines, other oil-related wastes, and additional wastes not directly related to oil and
gas production. Additional regulations exist regarding the containment and handling of crude oil as well as preventing the release of oil into the environment. It is not possible to estimate future environmental compliance costs due in part to the
uncertainty of continually changing environmental initiatives. While future environmental costs can be expected to be significant to the entire oil and gas industry, we do not believe that our costs would be any more of a relative financial burden
than others in our industry and environmental compliance costs will be recovered in the marketplace.
Foreign Operations and Export Sales
We have no production facilities or operations in foreign countries.
Employees
As of
December 31, 2007, we had 61 full-time employees, 33 of which are management, technical and administrative personnel, and 28 are field employees. Contract personnel operate some of our producing fields under the direct supervision of our
employees. We consider all relations with our employees to be good.
Glossary of Terms
The following are abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report and generally used in the oil and gas industry. Technical
terms included herein may have further expanded meanings within the industry.
3-D Seismic
A technology method by which a
three-dimensional image of the earths subsurface is created through the interpretation of reflective seismic data collected over a surface grid. 3-D seismic surveys may provide for a more detailed understanding of the subsurface than do
conventional surveys and may contribute significantly to field appraisal, development and production.
Annulus
The space
around a pipe in a wellbore.
Anomaly
An entity or property that differs from what is typical or expected, or which differs
from that predicted by a theoretical model. It may be the measurement of the difference between an observed or measured value and the expected values of a physical property.
Bbl
One barrel, or 42 U.S. gallons of liquid volume.
Bcfe
One billion cubic feet of natural
gas equivalent.
Bcf
One billion cubic feet.
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Boe
One barrel of oil equivalent.
Bopd
One barrel of oil per day.
Butane
A gaseous
hydrocarbon of the paraffin series.
Completion
The installation of well and production equipment for the production of oil
or natural gas.
Compression
A force that tends to shorten or squeeze, decreasing volume or increasing pressure.
Development Activities
Activities following exploration including the installation of facilities and the drilling and completion of
wells for production purposes.
Development Costs
All costs incurred in bringing a field to commercial production.
Development Well
A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or natural gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to
be productive.
Division Order
A contract setting forth the interest of each owner of a natural gas and oil property, which
serves as the basis on which the purchasing company pays each owners respective share of the proceeds from the natural gas and oil purchased.
Down-Hole Equipment
Equipment physically located in a wellbore.
Down-Hole Lift Methods
Use of
different equipment to aid in the production of a well whose own reservoir energy is not sufficient to economically produce the well.
Dry Hole
A well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or natural gas well.
Ethane
A colorless, gaseous compound of the paraffin series contained in the gases given off by petroleum and in illuminating gas.
Exploitation
The act of making an oil and gas producing property more profitable, productive or useful.
Exploration
The initial phase in petroleum operations that includes generation of a prospect or play or both, and drilling of an exploration well.
Exploratory Well
A well drilled to find and produce oil or natural gas reserves not classified as proved, to find a new productive
reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or natural gas in another reservoir, or to extend a known reservoir.
Extensions and Discoveries
As to any period, the increases to proved reserves from all sources other than the acquisition of proved properties or revisions of previous estimates.
Finding Costs
The ratio of capital cost necessary to establish production, divided by the reserves discovered usually reported in $/boe or
$/mcfe.
Flow Lines
The pipe through which oil or gas travels from well processing equipment to storage or sales.
Formation or Interval
The fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy. A body of rock that is sufficiently distinctive and continuous that it
can be mapped. In stratigraphy, a formation is a body of strata of predominantly one type or combination of types.
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Frac or Fracture
High pressure or explosive methods of breaking rock formations to
facilitate production of oil and natural gas.
Gas Lift
The process of raising or lifting fluid from a well by injecting gas
down the well through tubing or through the tubing-casing annulus. Injected gas aerates the fluid resulting in less pressure than the formation; the resulting higher formation pressure forces the fluid out of the wellbore. Gas may be injected
continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment.
Gathering System
The flowline network and process facilities that transport and control the flow of oil or gas from the wells to a main storage facility, processing plant or shipping point. A gathering system includes pumps,
headers, separators, emulsion treaters, tanks, regulators, compressors, dehydrators, valves and associated equipment.
Geophysical Work
The use of seismic surveys and the interpretation of these surveys to better estimate the subsurface environment.
Gross
Wells
Refers to the total acres or wells in which a working interest is owned.
Horizontal Drilling
A drilling
technique that permits the operator to contact and intersect a larger portion of the producing horizon than conventional vertical drilling techniques that may, depending on the horizon, result in increased production rates and greater ultimate
recoveries of hydrocarbons.
Hydrostatic Pressure
The force exerted by a body of fluid at rest. It increases directly with
the density and the depth of the fluid and is expressed in many different units, including pounds per square inch or kilopascals.
Injection Well
A well in which fluids are injected rather than produced, the primary objective typically being to maintain reservoir pressure. Two common types of injection are gas and water. Separated gas from production
wells or possibly imported gas or carbon dioxide may be reinjected into the upper gas section of the reservoir. Water-injection wells are common, where filtered and treated water is injected to increase production of the reservoir.
Lithostratigraphy
The study and correlation of strata to elucidate earth history on the basis of its lithology, or the nature of the well
log response, mineral content, grain size, texture and color of rocks.
Low Pressure Gathering System
Small diameter
pipelines interconnected in order to combine gas from producing wells which generally have pressures form 0-500 psa.
MBbls
One thousand barrels.
MBoe
One thousand barrels of oil equivalent.
Mcfe
One thousand cubic feet of natural gas equivalent, based on a ratio of 6 Mcf for each barrel of oil, which reflects the relative
energy content.
Mcf
One thousand cubic feet.
Mcfpd
One thousand cubic feet per day.
MMboe
One million barrels of oil
equivalent.
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MMbtu
One million British thermal units. One British thermal unit is the heat required to
raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water from 58.5 to 59.5 degrees Fahrenheit.
MMcfd or MMcfpd
One million cubic
feet per day.
MMcfe
One million cubic feet of natural gas equivalent.
MMcf
One million cubic feet.
Multiple Stacked Reservoirs
Productive formations at different depths in a well or a field. As used in exploration, may be referred to as multiple stacked objectives. Can occur over a few feet or hundreds of feet
in thickness.
Natural Gas Liquids
Liquid hydrocarbons extracted from natural gas, such as ethane, propane, butane and
natural gasoline.
Natural Gas
A highly compressible, highly expansible mixture of hydrocarbons with a low specific gravity
and occurring naturally in a gaseous form.
Net Acres or Wells
Refers to gross acres or wells multiplied, in each case, by
the percentage working interest owned.
Net Production
Natural gas and oil production owned, less royalties and production
due others.
Net Revenue Interest
A share of production after all burdens, such as royalty and overriding royalty, have been
deducted from the working interest. It is the percentage of production that each party actually receives.
Oil
Crude oil or
condensate.
Operator
The individual or company responsible for the exploration, development and production of an oil or
natural gas well or lease.
Over-Pressurized
Subsurface pressure that is abnormally high, exceeding hydrostatic pressure at a
given depth.
P-waves
An elastic body wave or sound wave in which particles oscillate in the direction the wave propagates.
Perforate
To pierce the casing wall and cement of a wellbore to provide holes through which formation fluids may enter or to
provide holes in the casing so that materials may be introduced into the annulus between the casing and the wall of the borehole.
Porosity
(1) The condition of being porous (such as a rock formation). (2) The ratio of the volume of empty space to the volume of solid rock in a formation indicating how much fluid a rock can hold.
Present Value of Proved Reserves
The present value of estimated future revenues, discounted at 10% annually, to be generated from the
production of proved reserves determined in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission guidelines. This value is net of estimated production and future development costs, using prices and costs as of the date of estimation without future
escalation, without giving effect to (i) estimated future abandonment costs, net of the estimated salvage value of related equipment, (ii) non-property related expenses such as general and administrative expenses, debt service and future
income tax expense, or (iii) depreciation, depletion and amortization.
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Primary Recovery
The first stage of oil production in which natural reservoir drives are
used to recover oil, although some form of artificial lift may be required to exploit declining reservoir drives.
Propane
A
gaseous hydrocarbon of the paraffin series.
Prospect
An area of exploration in which hydrocarbons have been predicted to
exist in economic quantity. A prospect is commonly an anomaly, such as a geologic structure or a seismic amplitude anomaly, that is recommended by explorationists for drilling a well. Justification for drilling a prospect is made by assembling
evidence for an active petroleum system, or reasonable probability of encountering reservoir-quality rock, a trap of sufficient size, adequate sealing rock, and appropriate conditions for generation and migration of hydrocarbons to fill the trap. A
single drilling location is also called a prospect, but the term is more properly used in the context of exploration. A group of prospects of a similar nature constitutes a play.
Proved Developed Non-Producing Reserves
Reserves that consist of (i) proved reserves from wells which have been completed and tested but are not producing due to lack of market
or minor completion problems which are expected to be corrected, and (ii) proved reserves currently behind the pipe in existing wells and which are expected to be productive due to both the well log characteristics and analogous production in
the immediate vicinity of the wells.
Proved Developed Producing Reserves
Proved reserves that can be expected to be
recovered from currently producing zones under the continuation of present operating methods.
Proved Developed Reserves
The
combination of proved developed producing and proved developed non-producing reserves.
Proved Reserves
The estimated
quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, such
as prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made. Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based upon future conditions.
Proved Undeveloped Reserves (PUDs)
Proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or
from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
Recompletion
A recompletion occurs
when the operator reenters a well to complete (i.e., perforate) a new formation from that in which a well has previously been completed.
Reprocessing
Refers to taking older seismic data and performing new mathematical techniques to refine subsurface images or to provide additional ways of interpreting the subsurface environment.
Rod-Pump
Used in connection with a pumping unit in order to aid in the production of a well. The rod-pump moves up and down with the
pumping unit and helps lift fluids from the wellbore.
Royalty
An interest in an natural gas and oil lease that gives the
owner of the interest the right to receive a portion of the production from the leased acreage (or of the proceeds of the sale thereof), but generally does not require the owner to pay any portion of the costs of drilling or operating the wells on
the leased acreage. Royalties may be either landowners royalties, which are reserved by the owner of the leased acreage at the time the lease is granted, or overriding royalties, which are usually reserved by an owner of the leasehold in
connection with a transfer to a subsequent owner.
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S-waves
An elastic body wave in which particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction in
which the wave propagates.
Salt Water Disposal Wells
A well used for the purpose of injecting produced water back into the
ground.
Sand
An abrasive material composed of small quartz grains formed from the disintegration of pre-existing rocks.
Secondary Recovery
(1) The use of water-flooding or gas injection to maintain formation pressure during primary
production and to reduce the rate of decline of the original reservoir drive. (2) Water-flooding of a depleted reservoir. (3) The first improved recovery method of any type applied to a reservoir to produce oil not recoverable by primary
recovery methods.
Seismic
Pertaining to waves of elastic energy, such as that transmitted by P-waves and S-waves, in the
frequency range of approximately 1 to 100 Hz. Seismic energy is studied by scientists to interpret the composition, fluid content, extent and geometry of rockformations in the subsurface.
Side-Track Drilling
An operation where a new well bore is drilled from an existing well bore.
Slick Water Fracture Stimulation
The use of water to treat the well in order to improve rate and reserves. Fluids are pumped into the wellbore at high pressure and rate causing a fracture to open in the
rock and extending away from the wellbore.
Spud
To start the well drilling process by removing rock, dirt and other
sedimentary material with the drill bit.
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
Present value of proved
reserves, as adjusted to give effect to estimated future abandonment costs, net of the estimated salvage value of related equipment, and estimated future income taxes.
Stratigraphic
Refers to a zone or strata and is typically used in terms of how the hydrocarbon is trapped in the reservoir. A stratigraphic trap is where the rock type changes due to some geologic event,
such as thinning of the zone, and allows for the hydrocarbons to remain in place.
Stratigraphy
The study of the history,
composition, relative ages and distribution of strata, and the interpretation of strata to elucidate earth history.
Test Well
An exploration well.
Tubing
A relatively small-diameter pipe that is run into a well to serve as a conduit for the
passage of oil and gas to the surface.
Undeveloped Acreage
Leased acreage on which wells have not been drilled or completed
to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of natural gas and oil, regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves.
Waterflood
A method of secondary recovery in which water is injected into the reservoir formation to displace residual oil. The water from injection wells physically sweeps the displaced oil to adjacent
production wells. Potential problems associated with waterflood techniques include inefficient recovery due to variable permeability, or similar conditions affecting fluid transport within the reservoir, and early water breakthrough that may cause
production and surface processing problems.
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Wellbore
A borehole or the hole drilled by a drilling bit. A wellbore may have casing in it
or it may be open (uncased); or part of it may be cased while part of it may be open.
Working Interest
An interest in an
natural gas and oil lease that gives the owner of the interest the right to drill for and produce natural gas and oil on the leased acreage and requires the owner to pay a share of the costs of drilling and production operations. The net production
to which a working interest is entitled will be smaller than the share of costs that the working interest owner is required to bear to the extent of any royalty burden.
Workover
Mechanical and chemical operations on a producing well intended to restore or increase production. May include reservoir stimulation.
Risk Factors
Set forth below
are risks with respect to our company. Readers should review these risks, together with the other information contained in this report. The risks and uncertainties we have described in this report are not the only ones facing our company. Additional
risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also adversely affect our business. Any of the risks discussed in this report or that are presently unknown or immaterial, if they were to actually occur,
could result in a significant adverse impact on our business, operating results, prospects and/or financial condition.
We are dependent upon the
services of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers.
We are dependent upon a limited number of
personnel, including Frank A. Lodzinski, our Chief Executive Officer and President, and other management personnel and key employees. Failure to retain the services of these persons, or to replace them with adequate personnel in the event of their
departure or termination, may have a material adverse effect on operations. No employment agreements with any of our officers currently exist, but we may consider such agreements in the future. We have no key-man life insurance on the lives of any
of our executive officers.
We must successfully acquire or develop additional reserves of oil and gas.
Our future production of oil and gas is highly dependent upon our level of success in acquiring or finding additional reserves. The rate
of production from our oil and gas properties generally decreases as reserves are depleted. We may not be able to acquire or develop oil and gas properties economically due to a lack of capital and inability to obtain adequate financing, which may
be required to fund prospect generation, drilling operations and property acquisitions. To the extent financing is obtained, it may not be on terms beneficial to us.
Intense competition in the oil and gas exploration and production segment could adversely affect our ability to acquire desirable properties prospective for oil and gas, as well as producing oil and gas properties.
The oil and gas industry is highly competitive. We compete with major integrated and independent oil and gas companies
for the acquisition of desirable oil and gas properties and leases, for the equipment and services required to develop and operate properties, and in the marketing of oil and gas to end-users. Many competitors have financial and other resources that
are substantially greater than ours, which could in the future make acquisitions of producing properties at economic prices difficult for us. In addition, many
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larger competitors may be better able to respond to factors that affect the demand for oil and natural gas production, such as changes in worldwide oil and
natural gas prices and levels of production, the cost and availability of alternative fuels and the application of government regulations. We also face significant competition in attracting and retaining experienced, capable and technical personnel,
including geologists, geophysicists, engineers, landmen and others with experience in the oil and gas industry.
We may be faced with shortages of
personnel and equipment, thereby adversely affecting operations and financial results.
Our operations and financial
results may be adversely impacted due to difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified and experienced personnel in our oil and gas exploration and production business. Additional personnel are likely to be required in connection with our
expansion plans, and the domestic oil and gas industry is currently experiencing significant shortages of qualified personnel in all areas of operations. Similarly, our expansion plans will require access to services and oil field equipment, both of
which are currently in short supply.
Volatile oil and natural gas prices could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our success will be largely dependent on oil and natural gas prices, which are volatile and have recently been at
historically high levels. Any substantial or extended decline in the price of oil and natural gas will have a negative impact on our business operations and future revenues. Moreover, oil and natural gas prices depend on factors that are outside of
our control, such as:
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|
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economic and energy infrastructure disruptions caused by actual or threatened acts of war, or terrorist activities particularly with respect to oil producers in
the Middle East, Nigeria and Venezuela;
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|
|
weather conditions, such as hurricanes, including energy infrastructure disruptions resulting from those conditions;
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|
changes in the global oil supply, demand and inventories;
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|
changes in domestic natural gas supply, demand and inventories;
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the price and quantity of foreign imports of oil;
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the price and availability of liquefied natural gas imports;
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political conditions in or affecting other oil-producing countries;
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general economic conditions in the United Stated and worldwide;
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the interdependence of oil and natural gas and energy trading companies;
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the level of worldwide oil and natural gas exploration and production activity;
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technological advances affecting energy consumption; and
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the price and availability of alternative fuels.
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13
Lower oil and natural gas prices may not only decrease revenues on a per unit basis, but
also may reduce the amount of oil and natural gas that we can produce economically. Lower prices will also negatively impact estimates of our proved reserves. A substantial or extended decline in oil or natural gas prices may materially and
adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or ability to finance operations and planned capital expenditures.
Industry changes may adversely affect various financial measurements and negatively affect the market price of our common stock.
Although we believe that the Merger will allow us to seek to accelerate growth and increase operating efficiencies, unforeseen costs and industry changes, as listed below, could potentially have an adverse effect on
return of capital and earnings per share. Future events and conditions could cause any such changes to be significant, including, among other things, adverse changes in:
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commodity prices for oil, natural gas and liquid natural gas;
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|
capital expenditure obligations; and
|
We may
incur substantial losses and be subject to substantial liability claims as a result of our oil and natural gas operations.
Oil and natural gas exploration, drilling and production activities are subject to numerous operating risks including the possibility of:
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blowouts, fires and explosions;
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personal injuries and death;
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uninsured or underinsured losses;
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unanticipated, abnormally pressured formations;
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mechanical difficulties, such as stuck oil field drilling and service tools and casing collapse; and
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environmental hazards, such as uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas, brine, well fluids, toxic gas or other pollution into the environment, including
groundwater and shoreline contamination.
|
Any of these operating hazards could cause damage to
properties, serious injuries, fatalities, oil spills, discharge of hazardous materials, remediation and clean-up costs, and other environmental damages, which could expose us to liabilities. Although we believe that we are adequately insured for
replacement
14
costs of our wells and associated equipment, the payment of any of these liabilities could reduce the funds available for exploration, development, and
acquisition, or could result in a loss of our properties. Also, as is customary in the oil and gas business, we do not carry business interruption insurance.
The insurance market in general and the energy insurance market in particular have experienced cost increases. It is possible that we will determine not to purchase some insurance because of high
insurance premiums. If we incur substantial liabilities and the damages are not fully covered by insurance or are in excess of policy limits, then our business, results of operations and financial condition would likely be materially adversely
affected.
We have hurricane associated risks in connection with our operations in the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast.
We could be subject to production curtailments resulting from hurricane damage to certain fields or, even in the event that producing
fields are not damaged, production could be curtailed due to damage to facilities and equipment owned by oil and gas purchasers, or vendors and suppliers, because a portion of our oil and gas properties are located in or near coastal areas of the
Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused significant damage to the facilities at four of our oil and gas properties located in southeast Louisiana and southeast Texas. These properties accounted for approximately 13%
of the former Southern Bays oil production in 2005 (approximately 20,000 barrels). In connection to these damages to the facilities at the four properties, .03 net wells were shut in for 250 days, 2.35 net wells were shut in for 381 days, .22
net wells were shut in for 385 days, and .71 net wells commenced production in early 2007 after being shut in since August 25, 2005. Additional wells continue to be phased in. As of March 2008, production from the affected fields was near
pre-Hurricane Katrina levels.
The nature of our business and assets may expose us to significant compliance costs and liabilities.
Our operations involving the exploration, production, storage, treatment, and transportation of liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil,
are subject to stringent federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment. Our operations are also subject to laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment, operational safety,
and related employee health and safety matters. Compliance with all of these laws and regulations may represent a significant cost of doing business. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative,
civil, and criminal penalties; the imposition of investigatory and remedial liabilities; the issuance of injunctions that may restrict, inhibit or prohibit our operations; or claims of damages to property or persons.
Revisions of oil and gas reserve estimates could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. Oil and gas reserves and the standardized
measure of cash flows represent estimates, which may vary materially over time due to many factors.
The market price of
our common stock may be subject to significant decreases due to decreases in estimated reserves and our estimated cash flows. Estimated reserves may be subject to downward revision based upon future production, results of future development,
prevailing oil and gas prices, prevailing operating and development costs and other factors. There are numerous uncertainties and uncontrollable factors inherent in estimating quantities of oil and gas reserves, projecting future rates of
production, and timing of development expenditures.
15
In addition, the estimates of future net cash flows from proved reserves and the present
value of proved reserves are based upon various assumptions about prices and costs and future production levels that may prove to be incorrect over time. Any significant variance from the assumptions could result in material differences in the
actual quantity of reserves and amount of estimated future net cash flows from estimated oil and gas reserves.
Our hedging activities may prevent us
from realizing the benefits in oil or gas price increases.
In an attempt to reduce our sensitivity to oil and gas price
volatility, we have, and will likely continue to, enter into hedging transactions which may include fixed price swaps, price collars, puts and other derivatives. In a typical hedge transaction, we may fix the price, a floor or a range, on a portion
of our production over a predetermined period of time. It is expected that we will receive from the counter-party to the hedge payment of the excess of the fixed price specified in the hedge contract over a floating price based on a market index,
multiplied by the volume of the production hedged. Conversely, if the floating price exceeds the fixed price, we would be required to pay the counter-party such price difference multiplied by the volume of production hedged. There are numerous risks
associated with hedging activities such as the risk that reserves are not produced at rates equivalent to the hedged position, and the risk that production and transportation cost assumptions used in determining an acceptable hedge could be
substantially different from the actual cost. In addition, the counter-party to the hedge may become unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under hedging contracts, and we could incur a material adverse financial effect if there is any
significant non-performance. While intended to reduce the effects of oil and gas price volatility, hedging transactions may limit potential gains earned by us from oil and gas price increases and may expose us to the risk of financial loss in
certain circumstances.
Engaging in hedging activities may prevent us from realizing the benefits of price increases above
the levels of the hedges during certain time periods. As of the date of this report, we were a party to five oil hedge contracts and eight natural gas hedge contracts, all of which we have designated as cash flow hedges. These contracts were entered
into for the purpose of mitigating the effects of a potential decline in oil and gas prices.
In an attempt to reduce our
exposure to interest rate increases, we have also entered into an interest rate swap contract with our bank.
Drilling for and producing
oil and natural gas are high-risk activities with many uncertainties that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our success will depend on the results of our exploitation, exploration, development and production activities. Oil and natural gas exploration and production activities are subject to numerous risks beyond our
control, including the risk that drilling will not result in commercially viable oil or natural gas production. Decisions to purchase, explore, develop or otherwise exploit prospects or properties will depend in part on the evaluation of data
obtained through geophysical and geological analyses, production data, and engineering studies, the results of which are often inconclusive or subject to varying interpretations. Costs of drilling, completing and operating wells are often uncertain
before drilling commences. Overruns in budgeted expenditures are common risks that can make a particular project uneconomical. Furthermore, many factors may curtail, delay or cancel drilling, including:
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shortages of or delays in obtaining equipment and qualified personnel;
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|
|
pressure or irregularities in geological formations;
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16
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|
|
equipment failures or accidents;
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|
|
adverse weather conditions;
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|
|
reductions in oil and natural gas prices;
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|
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issues associated with property titles; and
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|
|
|
delays imposed by or resulting from compliance with regulatory requirements.
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Existing debt and use of debt financing may adversely affect our business strategy.
We use debt to fund a portion of our acquisition activities and we will likely use debt to fund a portion of our future acquisition activities. Any temporary or sustained inability to service or repay debt will materially adversely affect
our results of acquisitions and financial condition and will materially adversely affect our ability to obtain other financing.
On October 16, 2007, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Amended Credit Facility) with Wachovia Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Issuing Bank, Sole Lead Arranger and Sole
Bookrunner (the Lender) which provides for financing of up to $200.0 million, subject to borrowing base limitations.
The initial borrowing base of the Amended Credit Facility is $110.0 million, which will be reduced to $100 million on September 30, 2008, and it is subject to redetermination on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The
amounts borrowed under the Amended Credit Facility bear interest at either (a) the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 1.50% to 2.25% or (b) the prime lending rate of Wachovia plus .5% to 1.25%, depending on the amount
borrowed. Principal amounts outstanding under the Amended Credit Facility, up to $100 million, are due and payable in full at maturity, October
16, 2010. Any principal balance in excess of $100 million is due and payable at
September 30, 2008.
Additional payments due under the Amended Credit Facility, include paying a commitment fee to the
Lender in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The commitment rate is 0.375% to 0.50% per year depending on the amount of borrowing base utilization. We are also required to pay customary letter of credit fees. All of the
obligations under the Amended Credit Facility, and the guarantees of those obligations, are secured by substantially all of our assets.
The Amended Credit Facility contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens on assets, make investments,
enter into sale and leaseback transactions, pay dividends and distributions or repurchase our capital stock, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell certain assets, sell or discount any notes receivable or accounts receivable and engage in certain
transactions with affiliates.
In addition, the Amended Credit Facility requires us to maintain certain customary financial
ratios. The Amended Credit Facility also contains customary affirmative covenants and defines events of default for facilities of this type. Upon the occurrence and continuance of an event of default, the Lender has the right to accelerate
repayment of the loans and exercise its remedies with respect to the collateral.
17
We are obligated to comply with financial and other covenants in our existing Amended Credit Facility
that could restrict our operating activities, and the failure to comply could result in defaults that accelerate the payment under our debt.
Our Amended Credit Facility generally contains customary covenants, including, among others, provisions:
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relating to the maintenance of the oil and gas properties securing the debt; and
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restricting our ability to assign or further encumber the properties securing the debt.
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In addition, our Amended Credit Facility requires us to maintain financial covenants, including, but not limited to the following:
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a current ratio of not less than 1.0 to 1.0;
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a funded debt to EBITDA ratio of not greater than 4.0 to 1.0; and
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an interest coverage ratio, which is the ratio of the EBITDA for the four most recently completed quarters ending on such date compared to the cash interest
payments made for such fiscal quarters, of not less than 3.0 to 1.0.
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As of the date of this report, we
were in compliance with all such covenants. If we were to breach any of our debt covenants and not cure the breach within any applicable cure period, the Lender could require us to repay the debt immediately, and, if the debt is secured, could
immediately begin proceedings to take possession of the properties securing the Amended Credit Facility. Any such properties loss would materially and adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations.
Our properties may be subject to influence by third parties that do not allow us to proceed with planned explorations and expenditures.
We are the operator of a majority of our properties, but for many of our properties we own less than 100% of the
working interests. Joint ownership is customary in the oil and gas industry and is generally conducted under the terms of a joint operating agreement (JOA), where a single working interest owner is designated as the operator
of the property. For properties where we own less than 100% of the working interest, whether operated or non-operated, drilling and operating decisions may not be within our sole control. If we disagree with the decision of a majority of working
interest owners, we may be required, among other things, to postpone the proposed activity or decline to participate. If we decline to participate we might be forced to relinquish our interest through in-or-out elections or may be
subject to certain non-consent penalties, as provided in a JOA. In-or-out elections may require a joint owner to participate, or forever relinquish its position. Non-consent penalties typically allow participating working interest owners to recover
from the proceeds of production, if any, an amount equal to 200% to 500% of the non-participating working interest owners share of the cost of such operations.
If oil and gas prices decrease or exploration efforts are unsuccessful, we may be required to write- down the capitalized cost of individual oil and gas properties.
A writedown of the capitalized cost of individual oil and gas properties could occur when oil and gas prices are low or if we have
substantial downward adjustments to our estimated proved oil and gas reserves, if operating costs or development costs increase over prior estimates, or if exploratory drilling is unsuccessful. A writedown could adversely affect the trading prices
of our common stock.
18
We use the successful efforts accounting method. All property acquisition costs and costs
of exploratory and development wells are capitalized when incurred, pending the determination of whether proved reserves are discovered. If proved reserves are not discovered with an exploratory well, the costs of drilling the well are expensed. All
geological and geophysical costs on exploratory prospects are expensed as incurred.
The capitalized costs of our oil and
gas properties, on a field-by-field basis, may exceed the estimated future net cash flows of that field. If so, pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to record impairment charges to reduce the capitalized costs of
each such field to its estimate of the fields fair market value, even though other fields may have increased in value. Unproved properties are evaluated at the lower of cost or fair market value. These types of charges will reduce earnings and
shareholders equity.
We periodically assess our properties for impairment based on future estimates of proved and
risk-adjusted probable reserves, oil and gas prices, production rates and operating, development and reclamation costs based on operating budget forecasts. Once incurred, an impairment charge cannot be reversed at a later date even if we experience
increases in the price of oil or gas, or both, or increases in the amount of its estimated proved reserves.
There are a substantial
number of shares of our common stock eligible for future sale in the public market. The sale of a large number of these shares could cause the market price of our common stock to fall.
There were 14,703,383 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 24, 2008.
Members of our management and other affiliates owned approximately 7,322,822 shares of our common stock, representing 49.8% of our
outstanding common stock as of March 24, 2008. Sale of a substantial number of these shares would likely have a significant negative affect on the market price of our common stock, particularly if the sales are made over a short period of time.
These shares may be sold publicly pursuant to an effective registration statement with the SEC.
If our stockholders,
particularly management and their affiliates, sell a large number of shares of our common stock, the market price of shares of our common stock could decline significantly. Moreover, the perception in the public market that our management and
affiliates might sell shares of our common stock could depress the market price of those shares.
Recovery of Investments.
We cannot assure that we would recover the costs we incur in acquiring oil and gas properties.
While the acquisition and development of oil and gas properties is based on engineering, geological and geophysical assessments, such
data and analysis is inexact and inherently uncertain. There can be no assurance that any properties we acquire will be economically produced or developed. Re-engineering operations pose the risk that anticipated benefits, which may include reserve
additions, production rate improvements or lower recurring operating expenses, may not be achieved, or that actual results obtained may not be sufficient to recover investments. Drilling activities, whether exploratory or developmental, are subject
to mechanical and geological risks, including the risk that no commercially productive reservoirs will be encountered. Unsuccessful acquisitions, re-engineering or drilling activities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
and financial condition.
19
We cannot assure we would be able to achieve continued growth in assets, production or revenues.
Although GeoResources was the legal acquirer, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Merger was accounted for as
a reverse acquisition and, accordingly, the financial information for years prior to 2007 are those of Southern Bay, which commenced operations in September 2004. Our growth since that time, particularly in 2007, may not be indicative of future
results. There can be no assurance that we will continue to experience growth in revenues, oil and gas reserves or production. Any future growth in oil and gas reserves, production and operations will place significant demands on us and our
management and personnel. Our future performance and profitability will depend in part on our ability to successfully integrate acquired properties into our operations, develop such properties, hire additional personnel and implement necessary
enhancements to its management systems. Although management has substantive prior experience, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be successful in our growth strategy.
Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may require us to spend significant resources.
Environmental laws and regulations may: (1) require the acquisition of a permit before well drilling commences; (2) restrict or prohibit the types, quantities and concentration of substances that can be
released into the environment in connection with drilling and production activities; (3) prohibit or limit drilling activities on certain lands lying within wetlands or other protected areas; and (4) impose substantial liabilities for
pollution resulting from past or present drilling and production operations. Moreover, changes in Federal and state environmental laws and regulations could occur and may result in more stringent and costly requirements which could have a
significant impact on our operating costs. In general, under various applicable environmental regulations, we may be subject to enforcement action in the form of injunctions, cease and desist orders and administrative, civil and criminal penalties
for violations of environmental laws. We may also be subject to liability from third parties for civil claims by affected neighbors arising out a pollution event. Laws and regulations protecting the environment may, in certain circumstances, impose
strict liability rendering a person liable for environmental damage without regard to negligence or fault on the part of such person. Such laws and regulations may expose us to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others, or for our
acts which were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time such acts were performed. We believe we are in compliance with applicable environmental and other governmental laws and regulations. There can be no assurance, however, that
significant costs for environmental regulatory compliance will not be incurred by us in the future, thereby having an adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business profitably.
Item 2.
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Description of Property
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Offices
Our principal offices are located at 110 Cypress Station Drive, Suite 220, Houston,
Texas 77090, where we occupy approximately 14,000 square feet of office space. This office lease provides for gross rent of $220,080 per year and expires on October 31, 2008. Our Northern Region office, consisting of approximately 3,000 square
feet, is located at 475 17
th
Street, Suite 1210, Denver, Colorado 80202. The Denver lease provides for gross rent of $75,540 per year for 2008 and
expires on January 31, 2011. We currently expect to renew our office leases upon expiration. Also, we own an 18,000 square foot office building which is located on a one-acre lot in Williston, North Dakota. We use about 9,000 square feet for
our operations of the building and rent the remainder to unaffiliated businesses.
20
Oil and Gas Reserve Information
All of our oil and gas reserves are located in the United States. Unaudited information concerning the estimated net quantities of all of our proved reserves and the standardized measure of
future net cash flows from the reserves is presented in Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The estimates are based upon the reports of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., an independent petroleum-engineering firm. We have no
long-term supply or similar agreements with foreign governments or authorities.
Set forth below is a summary of our oil
and gas reserves as of December 31, 2007. All of our reserves are located in the United States. We did not provide any reserve information to any federal agencies in 2007 other than to the SEC.
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In thousands
|
|
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Oil
(Mbbl)
|
|
Gas
(Mmcf)
|
|
Present Value
Discounted at
10% ($M)
|
Proved developed
|
|
8,921
|
|
26,427
|
|
$
|
317,415
|
Proved undeveloped
|
|
1,823
|
|
3,383
|
|
|
64,576
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
10,744
|
|
29,810
|
|
$
|
381,991
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and Gas Reserve Quantities (in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil
(Mbbl)
|
|
|
Gas
(Mmcf)
|
|
Proved reserve quantities, January 1, 2007
|
|
1,777
|
|
|
4,218
|
|
Purchase of minerals-in-place
|
|
9,080
|
|
|
27,977
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
7
|
|
|
965
|
|
Production
|
|
(391
|
)
|
|
(1,648
|
)
|
Revision of quantity estimates
|
|
271
|
|
|
(1,702
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved reserve quantities, December 31, 2007
|
|
10,744
|
|
|
29,810
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Proved developed reserve quantities:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1, 2007
|
|
1,591
|
|
|
3,197
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
8,921
|
|
|
26,426
|
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Partnership operations and reserves as of December 31, 2007 (not included above):
The reserve quantities and values shown above do not include our interest in an affiliated partnership. We hold direct working interests
in the Giddings Field (discussed further below) and we are also the general partner of a partnership which owns controlling interests in the producing wells and developmental acreage in that field. Our 2% partnership interest reverts to 35.66% when
the limited partner realizes a contractually specified rate of return. The following table represents our estimated share of the partnerships reserves and estimated present value of future net income discounted at 10% ( in thousands of
dollars), using SEC guidelines.
21
|
|
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|
|
|
Mbbl
|
|
Mmcf
|
|
MBOE
|
|
PV10%
|
Proved developed
|
|
277
|
|
10,154
|
|
1,969
|
|
$
|
29,056
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Proved undeveloped
|
|
74
|
|
2,927
|
|
562
|
|
|
5,535
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
351
|
|
13,081
|
|
2,531
|
|
$
|
34,591
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net Oil and Gas Production, Average Price and Average Production Cost
The net quantities of oil and gas produced and sold by us for each of the three fiscal years ended December 31, 2007, the average
sales price per unit sold and the average production cost per unit are presented below.
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Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
Oil Production (Bbls)
|
|
|
391,565
|
|
|
183,823
|
|
|
153,962
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Gas production (Mcf)
|
|
|
1,648,423
|
|
|
576,550
|
|
|
559,419
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Total production (BOE) *
|
|
|
666,302
|
|
|
279,915
|
|
|
247,198
|
Average sales price (net of hedging):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil per Bbl
|
|
$
|
67.20
|
|
$
|
54.61
|
|
$
|
47.97
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Gas per Mcf
|
|
$
|
6.19
|
|
$
|
6.83
|
|
$
|
6.86
|
Production cost per BOE **
|
|
$
|
24.00
|
|
$
|
20.37
|
|
$
|
17.62
|
*
|
Barrels of oil equivalent have been calculated on the basis of six thousand cubic feet (6 MCF) of natural gas equal to one barrel of oil equivalent (1 BOE).
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**
|
Average production cost includes lifting costs, remedial workover expenses and production taxes.
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Our production is sold primarily to large petroleum purchasers. Due to the quality and location of our crude oil production, we may
receive a discount or premium from index prices or posted prices in the area. Our gas production is sold primarily to pipelines and/or gas marketers under short-term contracts at prices which are tied to the spot market for
gas sold in the area.
In 2007, two purchasers accounted for 17% and 14% of our consolidated oil and gas revenues. In 2006,
four purchasers accounted for 27%, 18%, 15% and 12% of our consolidated oil and gas revenues. No other single purchaser accounted for 10% or more of oil and gas revenues in 2007 or 2006. There are adequate alternate purchasers of our production such
that we believe the loss of one or more of the above purchasers would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows.
Gross and Net Productive Wells
As of December 31, 2007, our total gross and net productive
wells were as follows:
Productive Wells *
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|
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|
|
|
OIL
|
|
GAS
|
|
TOTAL
|
Gross
Wells
|
|
Net
Wells
|
|
Gross
Wells
|
|
Net
Wells
|
|
Gross
Wells
|
|
Net
Wells
|
417
|
|
285.6
|
|
331
|
|
158
|
|
748
|
|
443.6
|
22
*
|
There are no wells with multiple completions. A gross well is a well in which a working interest is owned. The number of net wells represents the sum of
fractional working interests we own in gross wells. Productive wells are producing wells plus shut-in wells we deem capable of production. Horizontal re-entries of existing wells do not increase a well total above one gross well.
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Gross and Net Developed and Undeveloped Acres
As of December 31, 2007, we had total gross and net developed and undeveloped oil and gas leasehold acres as set forth below, except in North Dakota, which reflects additional acreage
acquired in connection with active leasing programs. The developed acreage is stated on the basis of spacing units designated by state regulatory authorities.
Leasehold Acreage*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed
|
|
Undeveloped
|
State
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
Texas
|
|
103,647
|
|
55,294
|
|
13,491
|
|
1,127
|
Colorado
|
|
11,594
|
|
9,667
|
|
54,552
|
|
34,378
|
Montana
|
|
21,562
|
|
20,648
|
|
14,330
|
|
13,832
|
N. Dakota
|
|
23,154
|
|
17,368
|
|
33,350
|
|
6,669
|
Alabama
|
|
42,480
|
|
21,240
|
|
|
|
|
Louisiana
|
|
39,758
|
|
16,067
|
|
1,750
|
|
117
|
All others
|
|
12,391
|
|
11,231
|
|
689
|
|
566
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
254,586
|
|
151,515
|
|
118,162
|
|
56,689
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
Gross acres are those acres in which a working interest is owned. The number of net acres represents the sum of fractional working interests we own in gross
acres.
|
Exploratory Wells and Development Wells
Set forth below for the three years ended December 31, 2007, is information concerning the number of wells we drilled during the years indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Exploratory
Wells Drilled
|
|
Net Development
Wells Drilled
|
|
Total Net Productive
or Dry Wells
Drilled
|
Year
|
|
Productive
|
|
Dry
|
|
Productive
|
|
Dry
|
|
2007
|
|
1.97
|
|
0.00
|
|
4.27
|
|
0.00
|
|
6.24
|
2006
|
|
0.00
|
|
0.20
|
|
2.13
|
|
0.58
|
|
2.91
|
2005
|
|
0.40
|
|
0.00
|
|
1.60
|
|
0.30
|
|
2.30
|
*
|
This table discusses the GeoResources / Southern Bay results for 2007 and the Southern Bay results for 2006 and 2005.
|
23
Present Activities
At March 24, 2008, we had 3 gross (.79 net) wells in the process of drilling.
Supply
Contracts or Agreements
We are not obligated to provide a fixed or determinable quantity of oil and gas in the
future under any existing contract or agreement, beyond the short-term contracts customary in division orders and off lease marketing arrangements within the industry. We do, however, engage in hedging activities as discussed in Item 6
Managements Discussion and Analysis or Plan or Operation.
Summary of our Producing Properties
Following is a description of our significant producing fields or producing fields we believe have upside exploitation potential. See also
Exploitation and Exploration below.
Black Warrior Basin Fields
located in Alabama and Mississippi. These
properties include several fields with 39 producing wells. Production is from conventional reservoirs consisting of Mississippian-aged sands. Some wells are on rod-pump while the majority of wells flow directly into low pressure gathering systems.
The current aggregate gross production rate is 1.3 MMCFD. The majority of the wells are operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of 60% and an average net revenue interest of 46%.
Chittim Field
located in Maverick County, Texas. This field consists of 44 producing wells which produce from the Cretaceous Glen Rose
interval. All of the wells flow into a low pressure gathering system at a current aggregate gross rate of 4.8 MMCFPD. The majority of the wells are horizontal producers. The field is operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of
47% and an average net revenue interest of 36%.
Driscoll Field
located in Duval County, Texas. This field consists of 46
producing wells, which produce from the Jackson/Yegua interval. The majority of the field produces with the aid of rod pumps and the current aggregate gross production rate is 155 BOD and 425 MCFPD. The field is operated by the Company, which has an
average working interest of 98% and an average net revenue interest of 86%.
Eloi Bay Field complex
located in state
waters offshore St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. The field (including the adjacent Chandler Sound Block 71) is located in 5-10 feet of water. This non-operated field has approximately 50 producing wells on gas liftall completed in the Miocene
section. Current aggregate gross production is 1060 BOPD. The Companys working interest varies between 12.5% and 50%. Across the field as a whole the average working interest is 46% and the average net revenue interest is 39%.
Frisco and Fordoche Fields
located in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. These fields consist of 24 producing wells, which produce from the
Frio and multiple Wilcox sand intervals. All the wells are on rod-pump or hydraulic lift with an aggregate current gross rate of 279 BOPD. The fields are operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of 70% and an average net
revenue interest of 55%.
24
Giddings Field
located in Brazos, Burleson, Fayette, Grimes, Lee, and Washington Counties,
Texas. These properties consist of 65 producing wells, which produce from the Cretaceous Austin Chalk interval. All the wells are horizontal producers utilizing rod pumps, compression and other methods to produce the current aggregate gross rate of
110 BOPD and 37 MMCFPD. The field is operated by the Company, which has an average direct working interest of 6.7% and a net revenue interest of 5.2%. In Grimes County, however, where a majority of production and development is located, the Company
has a working interest of 7.2% and average net revenue interest of 5.6%. In addition, the Company is the General Partner of a partnership which owns an average 77% working interest with an average 66% net revenue interest in 39,977 gross (35,391
net) acres. The Companys 2% partnership interest reverts to 35.66% when the partnership realizes a contractual specified rate of return.
Harris Field
located in Gaines County, Texas. This field consists of six producing wells, which produce from the San Andres interval. The field produces with the aid of rod pumps and the current gross production rate is 67
BOPD. The field is operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of 76% and an average net revenue interest of 57%.
Landa Field
located in Bottineau County, North Dakota. This field consists of 13 producing wells, which produce from the Spearfish and Mississippian Madison intervals. The field is operated by the Company, which an average
working interest of 92% and average net revenue interest of 78%. Current gross production is 63 BOPD.
MAK Field
located in
Andrews County, Texas. This field is operated by the Company and it consists of 13 producing wells, which produce from the Spraberry interval. The field produces with the aid of rod pumps and the current gross production rate is 145 BOPD and 55
MCFPD from our 91% working interest.
New Mexico Fields
located in Eddy and Lea Counties, New Mexico. This area consists of
three fields with 45 producing wells. Production is from the Seven Rivers, Queen, Grayburg and San Andres formations. The wells are on rod pumps and the current aggregate gross production rate is 100 BOPD. The fields are operated by the Company,
which has an average working interest of 94% and an average net revenue interest of 76%.
Odem Field
located in San Patricio
County, Texas. This field consists of 65 producing wells, which produce from multiple Frio sands. The field produces with the aid of rod pumps, compression and gas lift with the current gross production rate of 160 BOPD and 1.8 MMCFPD. The field is
operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of 48% and a net revenue interest of 37%.
Quarantine Bay Field
located in State waters offshore Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. The field is located in 6-15 feet of water. This non-operated field has approximately 26 producing wells all on gas lift and completed above 10,500 feet. Current field gross
production is approximately 1,000 BOPD and 180 MCFPD. The Companys working interest is 7.0% and an average net revenue interest of 5.2%. However, the Company has a 33% working interest in exploration acreage and rights which are held by
production (see Exploration and Exploitation discussion below).
Sherman/Wayne Fields
located in Bottineau
County, North Dakota. This field consists of 17 producing wells, which produce from the Mississippian Wayne interval. The field is operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of 76% and an average net revenue interest of 64%. The
current gross production of the field is 170 BOPD.
25
St. Martinville Field
located in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana. This field consists of 13
producing wells, which produce from numerous Miocene sand intervals. All the wells are on rod-pump with a current gross rate of 210 BOPD. The field is operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of 97%. The Company owns the
majority of the minerals resulting with a net revenue interest of approximately 97%.
Starbuck Field
located in Bottineau
County, North Dakota. This field consists of 19 producing wells, which produce from the Mississippian Madison interval. The field is operated by the Company, which has an average working interest of 91% and an average net revenue interest of 78%.
The current gross production of the field is 65 BOPD.
Exploration and Exploitation
Our strategy is to build a portfolio of properties that have predictable production profiles to provide a foundation for earnings, cash
flows, financing and growth, but also to acquire fields or acreage that we believe have significant development and exploration potential. Further, we intend to expand our acreage and drilling inventory regionally in the vicinity of current
holdings. We believe that many of our existing fields have exploitation and exploration potential, much of which is presently defined and scheduled in our 2008 2009 $61.5 million capital budget, discussed in Item 6 herein, or is in the
process of geological, geophysical and engineering reviews to define leads and substantiate opportunities. The table and discussion below present a broad range of the projects and prospects in various stages of development.
Exploration and Exploitation Acreage.
We attempt to establish production operations in areas of interest and expand exploration
and exploitation opportunities in those fields and the surrounding areas. Accordingly, we hold acreage positions that, we believe, have additional exploration and development potential including fields held by production and non-producing leasehold
acreage. The table below is presented to summarize certain acreage positions associated with exploration and exploitation opportunities. The acreage table is not all inclusive but summarizes the field discussions below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acreage
|
Field
|
|
State
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
Black Warrior Basin
|
|
AL, MS
|
|
42,480
|
|
21,240
|
Chittim
|
|
TX
|
|
12,822
|
|
6,411
|
Driscoll
|
|
TX
|
|
12,000
|
|
11,760
|
East Nesson
|
|
ND
|
|
26,000
|
|
3,250
|
Eloi Bay
|
|
LA
|
|
8,704
|
|
4,352
|
Harris
|
|
TX
|
|
160
|
|
122
|
Giddings (1)
|
|
TX
|
|
48,230
|
|
43,911
|
Landa
|
|
ND
|
|
1,145
|
|
1,070
|
MAK
|
|
TX
|
|
3,680
|
|
3,348
|
New Mexico
|
|
NM
|
|
2,156
|
|
1,847
|
Northeast Landa
|
|
ND
|
|
758
|
|
652
|
Odem
|
|
TX
|
|
6,500
|
|
3,250
|
Quarantine Bay (2)
|
|
LA
|
|
13,956
|
|
4,855
|
RipRap Coulee
|
|
MT
|
|
2,200
|
|
1,100
|
Roth-Leonard
|
|
ND
|
|
1,374
|
|
1,353
|
Sherman/Wayne
|
|
ND
|
|
1,090
|
|
967
|
St. Martinville
|
|
LA
|
|
1,322
|
|
1,282
|
Starbuck Unit
|
|
ND
|
|
6,619
|
|
6,044
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
191,196
|
|
116,814
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes
1.
|
Includes acreage held by GeoResources and its affiliated partnership, see Partnership Reserves and discussion of the Giddings fields included above.
|
2.
|
Represents net exploration acreage currently held by shallow production. See discussion below.
|
26
Black Warrior Basin Fields
(also discussed above)We believe upside exists in
recompletions to shallower zones and workovers which may include removing dual completion configurations and commingling production. Although production is relatively small and the properties are outside stated core areas, at present we have elected
to retain these fields due to the long life nature of the reserves and our acreage position. We believe this acreage, which is held by production, may have additional drilling potential, resulting from a commercially unproven but emerging gas
resource play, which is being tested in the basin for Mississippian Floyd and the Devonian Chattanooga Shale formations. The Mississippian Floyd is found between the Mississippian sands that have produced the majority of the basins
conventional reserves. Several geochemical analyses of the shale indicate potential for gas production. The play is in its early stages and most analyses and results remain confidential. We have 42,480 gross and 21,240 net acres in this basin that
is held by production.
Chittim Field
(also discussed above)We have 12,822 gross acres and 6,411 net acres in this
field. Upside in the field includes three proved undeveloped horizontal locations and several probable or possible locations. An emerging play is being tested in the area in the deeper Pearsall formation. Mechanical difficulties in the 1970s
due to over-pressure in producing gas resulted in disappointing production. Since then we acquired the acreage and have successfully developed another interval, the Glen Rose interval, with modern horizontal drilling techniques. The Pearsall
formation contains a large amount of gas in the area but it remains an unknown as to commercial production. Several companies have leased or acquired large acreage positions in the area and are currently testing multiple techniques to produce the
Pearsall. At least ten wells are being drilled and tested in the play including a well which has been drilled and is testing less than two miles from our acreage. We continue to follow development of this play and are considering a horizontal offset
in 2008 to the vertical Pearsall well that produced. We believe horizontal drilling and advanced completion techniques offer the potential to make the Pearsall meaningful to us. We have significant experience in over-pressured horizontal gas plays,
as currently being demonstrated in the development in the Giddings Field.
Driscoll Field
(also discussed above)The
field was owned by Conoco for much of its life and little development occurred over the last 20 years. The Company, via the recent acquisition, now has nearly all of the working interest in this field, which holds 12,000 gross and 11,760 net acres.
We have initiated a field-wide and regional study, which may result in leasing additional acreage focused on developing new reserves in the field and in proximity thereto.
27
East Nesson
located in Mountrail County, North Dakota. We have varying working interests
ranging from 10% to 15% and net revenue interests ranging from 8.2% to 12.3%, in approximately 26,000 acres. This is a developing Bakken Formation horizontal drilling play at vertical depths of about 9,800 feet. We are participating in an active
leasehold acquisition program in cooperation with another Williston Basin operator. The leasehold generally consists of portions of tracts or governmental subdivisions that will become drilling and spacing units. We expect this project to result in
a spread of 10-15% working interests in a significant number of wells throughout attractive areas of this particular Bakken play. The estimated drilling costs per well range from $5.0 to $8.0 million depending on horizontal operations. We intend to
further increase our acreage position and participating interest as the play develops. The approach of a small interest across a large acreage position allows us to assemble a large database and early understanding of the technical and operational
aspects, while our expenditures remain manageable, even if an accelerated multi-well drilling program develops. Then, ultimately, along with drilling and data accumulation, we intend to assemble and develop larger leasehold tracts based upon a
better understanding of the play.
Eloi Bay Field Complex
(also discussed above)The field was destroyed by Hurricane
Katrina and production was not reestablished until 2007. Additional upside to the proved production consists of numerous behind-pipe opportunities due to the multiple stacked sand reservoirs along with four proved undeveloped locations, which are
above existing production. At present 8,704 gross and 4,352 net acres are held by production. Other operators have had drilling success and established deeper production in the area and we have budgeted funds for the acquisition and reprocessing 3-D
seismic over the field and certain surrounding acreage to define prospective opportunities which may exist.
Harris Field
(also discussed above)This field consists of 160 gross and 122 net acres and is in the early stages of water-flooding with one injector well installed in 2007. Additional capital has been allocated in 2008, pending initial results and further
technical analysis.
Giddings Field
(also discussed above)We and our affiliated partnership control 36,977 gross and
35,391 net acres that are held by production and an additional 11,253 gross and 8,520 net leased acres. This field consists of multiple wells that have the potential for production rate increases through the use of fracture stimulations and nine
proved undeveloped horizontal drilling locations. We have implemented a development program and we are actively acquiring additional acreage. Presently we expect to spud a new well every 60-75 days for the next three years. We operate the properties
and have an average direct working interest of 6.7% (7.2% in the core development area) and an incremental reversionary interest of 35.66% through our partnership (see Partnership Reserves above). We presently are running one drilling
rig continuously, and have drilled five successful wells in 2007 and plan to drill five to six wells in 2008. Ten probable well locations are expected to be added, pending successful completion of leasing. We are considering securing another
drilling rig to accelerate drilling. In addition, we believe further exploration potential exists. There has been significant exploration activity offsetting our large acreage position in Grimes County, Texas, including a shallow Yegua formation gas
discovery which we believe would be prospective to our acreage and justify a 3-D seismic program on appropriate usage, as well as a proposed deep (22,000 feet) test well to the south of our acreage.
Landa Field
(also discussed above)We hold 1,145 gross and 1,070 net acres in the field. Potential upside consists of results from
response to water injection in the adjacent Landa West Madison Unit. This unit has additional potential in reconfiguring its current injection pattern to increase recoveries.
28
MAK Field
(also discussed above)We hold 3,680 gross and 3,348 net acres by
production. A completed waterflood is in place and production has continued to increase slowly over time. The possibility of drilling infill locations in this existing waterflood is under evaluation with at least one location expected in 2008.
New Mexico Fields
(also discussed above)We hold 2,156 gross and 1,847 net acres by production. Upside exists in each
of the three fields, which are in various stages of waterflood redevelopment. The fields are being studied for additional injection wells and infill producers, which we believe could enhance the waterflood upside.
Northeast Landa Field
located in Bottineau County, North Dakota, the field has produced primarily from the Mission Canyon Formation at
depths of approximately 3,070 feet3,100 feet. We hold 758 gross and 652 net acres. Cumulative primary recovery to date is approximately 725,000 barrels of oil. Six wells remain on production. This secondary recovery potential has been studied
and confirmed for the eastern lobe in the Mission Canyon member of the Madison Formation. Upon recognizing the potential and extent of the floodable reservoir, we launched a leasehold and production acquisition effort to enhance our position in the
field. This effort has been successful and is continuing. We have commenced unitization plans and a preliminary flood design. We estimate that flood operations will commence in the late summer to fourth quarter of 2008.
Odem Field
(also discussed above)We hold 6,500 gross and 3,250 net acres by production from multiple Frio sands. We believe numerous
proved and non-proved behind-pipe zones exist for recompletion into shallower Frio intervals. We have 3-D seismic data over the properties and have several wells budgeted for 2008 and 2009.
Quarantine Bay Field
(also discussed above)We hold 13,956 gross and 952 net acres above 10,500 feet and 4,885 net acres below that depth. Upside in this field consists of
numerous behind-pipe opportunities due to the multiple stacked sand reservoirs, along with proved undeveloped locations in the section above 10,500 feet. We believe additional shallow non-proved potential exists. We acquired the field for its
shallow production and exploitation opportunities and for its significant deeper exploration potential below that depth. A detailed field study is in progress and an initial four shallow recompletions will commence in the first quarter 2008. We have
a 33% working interest in the field, with a 24.75% net revenue interest below 10,500 feet. The field was sold by Devon Energy as part of a divestiture program after its merger with Pennzoil. We acquired the field from a successor to Devon who was
not focused on offshore operations in South Louisiana. In 2005 the field was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina and production was not reestablished until 2007. In cooperation with the operator, Cox Operating, LLC, we acquired 35 square miles of 3-D
seismic data to image and define prospect leads from below 10,500 feet. Schlumberger has been engaged to reprocess the 3-D seismic data and provide interpretative geological and geophysical services. Schlumberger has identified 13 seismically
defined prospect leads and further confirmed certain prospect leads we previously identified. Data reprocessing and interpretation is expected to be completed by mid-year 2008, and mapping and interpretation will continue thereafter. We anticipate
this will result in identification of additional prospects and better definition of prospect leads.
RipRap Coulee Field
This
is a Bakken Shale play in eastern Montana. This involves horizontal drilling at vertical depths of about 10,000 feet. Currently we own 2,200 gross and 1,100 net leasehold acres in this prospect. The other 50% owner operates the prospect and is
actively drilling and scheduling wells in and around these blocks.
29
Roth-Leonard Fields
located in Bottineau County, North Dakota. These fields produce from
the same Mississippian Madison stratigraphic porosity as the Sherman and Wayne Fields and have similar water production and pressure histories indicating that they are also horizontal infill drilling candidates (see Sherman/Wayne Fields
below). We hold 1,374 gross (1,353 net) acres. An infill horizontal test well at Roth is budgeted for the fourth quarter of 2008. We have a 100% working interest and 84.9% net revenue interest.
Sherman/Wayne Fields
(also discussed above)We hold 1,090 gross (967 net) acres and operate the field. All of the wells are on rod
pump with five of the wells being horizontal producers. Upside in this field consists of four proved undeveloped horizontal infill locations. We expect to drill two development wells in the first half of 2008.
St. Martinville Field
(also discussed above)The field has produced over 14 million barrels of oil at depths ranging from 3,000
feet to 9,500 feet since its discovery several decades ago, and has not been evaluated with a modern 3-D survey. We hold 1,322 gross (1,283 net) acres in the field. A successful well was drilled in late 2005 to a depth of 4,700 feet that initially
flowed over 100 BOPD, is still producing 30 BOPD and has several behind-pipe zones. One additional well is presently budgeted. We intend to shoot a 3-D seismic survey in 2008.
Starbuck Field
(also discussed above)The field was unitized effective November 1, 2007, and includes 6,619 gross acres and 6,044 net acres. We immediately began our
waterflood installation and have a 91.31% working interest and 77.61% net revenue interest. Phase one, including four injection wells, water plant and flow lines, is substantially complete and initial water injection is underway. Additional drilling
will occur later as the waterflood begins to respond. The flood design includes two productive zones, the Midale (Mississippian Charles) and the Berentson (Mississippian Charles B-1) zone, which are being flooded separately. The Starbuck Midale has
produced 584,000 barrels of oil and the Berentson has produced 754,000 barrels on primary recovery, for total field production of 1,338,000 barrels of oil. Fourteen wells are still producing. The flood installation has been designed to capture and
accelerate recovery of existing primary reserves, as well as capture incremental water flood reserves.
Title to Properties
It is customary in the oil and gas industry to make a limited review of title to undeveloped oil and gas leases at the time they are
acquired. It is also customary to obtain more extensive title examinations prior to the commencement of drilling operations on undeveloped leases or prior to the acquisition of producing oil and gas properties. With respect to the future acquisition
of both undeveloped and proved properties, we plan to conduct title examinations on such properties in a manner consistent with industry and banking practices. We have obtained title opinions, title reports or otherwise conducted title
investigations covering substantially all of our producing properties and believe we have satisfactory title to such properties in accordance with standards generally accepted in the oil and gas industry. Our properties are subject to customary
royalty interests, overriding royalty interests, and other burdens which we believe do not materially interfere with the use or affect the value of such properties. Substantially all of our oil and gas properties are and may continue to be mortgaged
to secure borrowings under bank credit facilities (see Item 6. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition or Plan of Operation Liquidity and Capital Resources).
30