CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This
prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases,
you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,”
“could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,”
“potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” or the negative of these terms or other
comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee
of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or
results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time the statements are made and involve
known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our results, levels of activity, performance or achievements
to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this prospectus. Forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to, any statements that are not statements of current or historical facts. These statements are
based on management’s current expectations, but actual results may differ materially due to various factors, including, but not
limited to:
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our
ability to execute our plans to develop, manufacture, distribute and market new drug products and the timing and costs of these development,
manufacturing, distribution and marketing programs, including approval by the applicable regulatory authorities;
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our
success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or
directors;
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our
potential ability to obtain substantial additional financing in the near term to advance
our business;
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the
possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business operations and our research and
development initiatives;
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risks
associated with penalties arising from not filing our periodic reports and certain registration
statements timely;
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the
impact of any future restatements of our financial results, including any restatements arising
from the acts or omissions of management of KBL prior to the Closing of the Business Combination,
or associated with changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations
or principles;
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changes
in our future operating results;
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failure
to maintain the listing on, or the delisting of our securities from, NASDAQ;
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the
ability of our officers and directors to generate a number of potential investment opportunities;
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our
public securities’ potential liquidity and trading;
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the
limited market for our securities; or
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our
financial performance.
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The
forward-looking statements contained herein are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their
potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements
involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or
performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties
include, but are not limited to, those factors described under “Summary Risk Factors” and those disclosed under “Risk
Factors”, below. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect,
actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to
update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be
required under applicable securities laws.
You
should read the matters described and incorporated by reference in “Risk Factors” and the other cautionary statements made
in this prospectus, and incorporated by reference herein, as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they
appear in this prospectus. We cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus will prove to be accurate and
therefore prospective investors are encouraged not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Other than as required by law,
we undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future.
Summary
Risk Factors
We
face risks and uncertainties related to our business, many of which are beyond our control. In particular, risks associated with our
business include:
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We
are clinical stage biotechnology company that had no revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and do not anticipate generating
revenue for the near future;
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Our
need for additional financing, both near term and long term, to support our operations, our ability to raise such financing as needed,
the terms of such financing, if available, potential significant dilution associated therewith, and covenants and restrictions we may
need to comply with in connection with such funding;
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Restrictions
on our ability to issue securities, anti-dilution and most favored nation rights provided in connection therewith;
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Our
dependence on the success of our future product candidates, some of which may not receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized;
problems in our manufacturing process for our new products and/or our failure to comply with manufacturing regulations, or unexpected
increases in our manufacturing costs; problems with distribution of our products; and failure to adequately market our products;
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Risks
associated with the growth of our business, our ability to maintain such growth, difficulties in managing our growth, and executing our
growth strategy;
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Liability
for previously restated financial statements and associated with ineffective controls and procedures;
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Our
dependence on our key personnel and our ability to attract and retain employees;
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Risks
from intense competition from companies with greater resources and experience than we have;
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Risks
that our future product candidates, if approved, may be unable to achieve the expected market acceptance and, consequently, limit our
ability to generate revenue from new products;
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The
fact that the majority of our license agreements provide the licensors and/or counter-parties the right to use and/or exploit such licensed
intellectual property;
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Preclinical
studies and earlier clinical trials may not necessarily be predictive of future results and may not have favorable results; we have limited
marketing experience, and our future ability to successfully commercialize any of our product candidates, even if they are approved in
the future is unknown; and business interruptions could delay us in the process of developing our future product candidates and could
disrupt our product sales;
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Third-party
payors may not provide coverage and adequate reimbursement levels for any future products;
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Liability
from lawsuits (including product liability lawsuits, stockholder lawsuits and regulatory matters), including judgments, damages, fines
and penalties;
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Security
breaches, loss of data and other disruptions which could prevent us from accessing critical information or expose us to liabilities or
damages;
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Risks
associated with clinical trials that are expensive, time-consuming, uncertain and susceptible to change, delay or termination and which
are open to differing interpretations;
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Our
ability to comply with existing and future rules and regulations, including federal, state and foreign healthcare laws and regulations
and implementation of, or changes to, such healthcare laws and regulations;
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Delays
in the trials, testing, application, or approval process for drug candidates and/or out ability to obtain approval for promising drug
candidates, and the costs associated therewith;
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Our
ability to adequately protect our future product candidates or our proprietary technology in the marketplace, claims and liability from
third parties regarding our alleged infringement of their intellectual property;
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Differences
in laws and regulations between countries and other jurisdictions;
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Changes
in laws or regulations, including, but not limited to tax laws and controlled substance laws, or a failure to comply with any laws and
regulations;
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Conflicts
of interest between our officers, directors, consultants and scientists;
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Penalties
associated with our failure to comply with certain pre-agreed contractual obligations and restrictions;
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Dilution
caused by future fund raising, the conversion/exercise of outstanding convertible securities, and downward pressure on the value of our
securities caused by such future issuances/sales;
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Negative
effects on our business from the COVID-19 pandemic and other potential future pandemics;
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The
extremely volatile nature of our securities and potential lack of liquidity therefore;
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The
fact that our Certificate of Incorporation provides for indemnification of officers and directors, limits the liability of officers and
directors, allows for the authorization of preferred stock without stockholder approval, includes certain anti-takeover provisions;
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Our
ability to maintain the listing of our common stock and warrants on NASDAQ and the costs of compliance with SEC and NASDAQ rules and
requirements;
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Risks
associated with our status as an emerging growth company and the provisions of the JOBS Act, which we are able to take advantage of,
due to such status;
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Failure
of our information technology systems, including cybersecurity attacks or other data security incidents, that could significantly disrupt
the operation of our business;
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The
fact that we may acquire other companies which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders
and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results and if we make any acquisitions, they may disrupt or have a negative
impact on our business;
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The
fact that we may apply working capital and future funding to uses that ultimately do not improve our operating results or increase the
value of our securities; and
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Our
growth depends in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.
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RISK
FACTORS
You
should carefully consider all of the following risk factors and all the other information contained in this prospectus, including the
consolidated financial statements. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations may
be materially and adversely affected. The risk factors described below are not necessarily exhaustive and you are encouraged to perform
your own investigation with respect to us and our business.
Risks
Related to Our Business Operations
Our
business, financial condition and results of operations are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below.
This section discusses factors that, individually or in the aggregate, could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected
and historical results. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these
risks. It is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, the following description of Risk Factors is not a complete
discussion of all potential risks or uncertainties applicable to our business.
Our
current cash balance is only sufficient to fund our planned business operations through the third quarter of 2021. If additional capital
is not available, we may not be able to pursue our planned business operations, may be forced to change our planned business operations,
or may take other actions that could adversely impact our stockholders.
We
are a clinical stage biotechnology company that currently has no revenue. Thus, our business does not generate the cash necessary to
finance our planned business operations. We will require significant additional capital to: (i) develop FDA-approved products and commercialize
such products; (ii) fund research and development activities relating to, and obtain regulatory approval for, our product candidates;
(iii) protect our intellectual property; (iv) attract and retain highly-qualified personnel; (v) respond effectively to competitive pressures;
and (vi) acquire complementary businesses or technologies.
Our
future capital needs depend on many factors, including: (i) the scope, duration and expenditures associated with our research, development
and commercialization efforts; (ii) continued scientific progress in our programs; (iii) the outcome of potential partnering or licensing
transactions, if any; (iv) competing technological developments; (v) our proprietary patent position; and (vi) the regulatory approval
process for our products.
We
will need to raise substantial additional funds through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or strategic alliances and
licensing arrangements to finance our planned business operations. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable
to us, if at all. General market conditions, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may make it difficult for us to seek financing
from the capital markets, and the terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders. For example,
if we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, further dilution to our stockholders will result, which may substantially
dilute the value of their investment. Any equity financing may also have the effect of reducing the conversion or exercise price of our
outstanding convertible or exercisable securities, which could result in the issuance (or potential issuance) of a significant number
of additional shares of our common stock. In addition, as a condition to providing additional funds to us, future investors may demand,
and may be granted, rights superior to those of existing stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants
that could limit our flexibility to conduct future business activities and, in the event of insolvency, could be paid before holders
of equity securities received any distribution of our assets. We may be required to relinquish rights to our technologies or product
candidates, or grant licenses through alliance, joint venture or agreements on terms that are not favorable to us, in order to raise
additional funds. If adequate funds are not available, we may have to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our planned activities
with respect to our business, or terminate our operations. These actions would likely reduce the market price of our common stock.
We
will need additional capital which may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all, which raises questions about our
ability to continue as a going concern.
As of December 31, 2020, we had
an accumulated deficit of $48,357,638, and as of March 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $64,556,223. Net loss for the year ended
December 31, 2020 and for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 amounted to $10,884,058 and $16,198,585, respectively. As of December 30, 2020
and March 31, 2021, we had a working capital deficit of $17,406,356 and $25,324,166, respectively. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As we are not generating revenues, we need to raise
a significant amount of capital in order to pay our debts and cover our operating costs. There is no assurance that we will be able to
raise such needed capital or that such capital will be available under favorable terms.
We
are subject to all the substantial risks inherent in the development of a new business enterprise within an extremely competitive industry.
Due to the absence of a long-standing operating history and the emerging nature of the markets in which we compete, we anticipate operating
losses until we can successfully implement our business strategy, which includes all associated revenue streams. We may never ever achieve
profitable operations or generate significant revenues.
We
currently have a monthly cash requirement spend of approximately $500,000. We believe that in the aggregate, we will require significant
additional capital funding to support and expand the research and development and marketing of our products, fund future clinical trials,
repay debt obligations, provide capital expenditures for additional equipment and development costs, payment obligations, office space
and systems for managing the business, and cover other operating costs until our planned revenue streams from products are fully-implemented
and begin to offset our operating costs, if ever.
Since
our inception, we have funded our operations with the proceeds from equity and debt financings. We have experienced liquidity issues
due to, among other reasons, our limited ability to raise adequate capital on acceptable terms. We have historically relied upon the
issuance equity and promissory notes that are convertible into shares of our common stock to fund our operations and have devoted significant
efforts to reduce that exposure. We anticipate that we will need to issue equity to fund our operations and repay our outstanding debt
for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to achieve operational profitability or we are not successful in securing other forms of
financing, we will have to evaluate alternative actions to reduce our operating expenses and conserve cash.
These
conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months. The accompanying consolidated
financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America on
a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of assets and classification
of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements
included in this prospectus also include a going concern footnote.
Additionally,
wherever possible, our Board of Directors will attempt to use non-cash consideration to satisfy obligations. In many instances, we believe
that the non-cash consideration will consist of restricted shares of our common stock, preferred stock or warrants to purchase shares
of our common stock. Our Board of Directors has authority, without action or vote of the shareholders, but subject to NASDAQ rules and
regulations (which generally require shareholder approval for any transactions which would result in the issuance of more than 20% of
our then outstanding shares of common stock or voting rights representing over 20% of our then outstanding shares of stock), to issue
all or part of the authorized but unissued shares of common stock, preferred stock or warrants to purchase such shares of common stock.
In addition, we may attempt to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock, possibly at a discount to market in the future. These
actions will result in dilution of the ownership interests of existing shareholders, may further dilute common stock book value, and
that dilution may be material. Such issuances may also serve to enhance existing management’s ability to maintain control of us,
because the shares may be issued to parties or entities committed to supporting existing management.
We
have significant and increasing liquidity needs and may require additional funding.
Research
and development, management and administrative expenses and cash used for operations will continue to be significant and may increase
substantially in the future in connection with new research and development initiatives, clinical trials, continued product commercialization
efforts and the launch of our future product candidates. We will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations, continue to
conduct clinical trials to support potential regulatory approval of marketing applications, and to fund commercialization of our future
product candidates.
The
amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:
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the
timing of FDA approval, if any, and approvals in international markets of our future product candidates, if at all;
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the
timing and amount of revenue from sales of our products, or revenue from grants or other sources;
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the
rate of progress and cost of our clinical trials and other product development programs;
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costs
of establishing or outsourcing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;
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costs
and timing of any outsourced growing and commercial manufacturing supply arrangements for our future product candidates;
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costs
of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights associated with our future product
candidates;
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the
effect of competing technological and market developments;
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personnel,
facilities and equipment requirements; and
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the
terms and timing of any additional collaborative, licensing, co-promotion or other arrangements that we may establish.
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While
we expect to fund our future capital requirements from a number of sources, such as cash flow from operations and the proceeds from further
public and/or private offerings, we cannot assure you that any of these funding sources will be available to us on favorable terms, or
at all. Further, even if we can raise funds from all of the above sources, the amounts raised may not be sufficient to meet our future
capital requirements.
We
are currently subject to a restriction on our ability to issue securities.
The
Company agreed in the February SPA that, until the earlier of (1) thirty days after the date on which the registration statement that
is filed pursuant to the February 2021 Registration Rights Agreement to register the resale by the February 2021 Purchasers of the shares
and the warrant shares is declared effective by the SEC (such date, the “Effective Date”) and (2) thirty days after
such date that the shares may be sold without limitation pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, neither the Company nor any subsidiary
thereof would (i) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of common stock
(or common stock equivalents) or (ii) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto, in each case other than
(A) as contemplated pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement and (B) as contemplated by that certain Registration Rights Agreement,
dated June 12, 2020, by and between the Company and the parties signatory thereto. Such restriction may limit our ability to raise funding,
force us to seek debt financing, and/or may have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and the value of our securities.
We
are dependent on the success of our future product candidates, some of which may not receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized.
Our
success will depend on our ability to successfully develop and commercialize our future product candidates through our development programs,
including our product candidate for the treatment of Dupuytren’s disease and any other product candidates developed through our
fibrosis & anti-TNF, CBD derivatives, and α7nAChR development platforms. We may never be able to develop products which
receive regulatory approval in the U.S. or elsewhere. There can be no assurance that the FDA, EMA or any other regulatory authority will
approve these product candidates.
Our
ability to successfully commercialize our future product candidates will depend on, among other things, our ability to successfully complete
pre-clinical and other non-clinical studies and clinical trials and to receive regulatory approvals from the FDA and similar foreign
regulatory authorities. Delays in the regulatory process could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations
and financial condition.
We
have recently grown our business and will need to increase the size and complexity of our organization in the future, and we may experience
difficulties in managing our growth and executing our growth strategy.
Our
management, personnel and systems currently in place may not be adequate to support our business plan and future growth. We will need
to increase our number of full-time equivalent employees in order to conduct Phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical trials of our future products
and to establish a commercial organization and commercial infrastructure. As a result of these future activities, the complexity of our
business operations is expected to substantially increase. We will need to develop and expand our scientific, manufacturing, sales and
marketing, managerial, compliance, operational, financial and other resources to support our planned research, development, manufacturing
and commercialization activities.
Our
need to effectively manage our operations, growth and various projects requires that we:
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continue
to improve our operational, financial, management and regulatory compliance controls and reporting systems and procedures;
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attract
and retain sufficient numbers of talented employees;
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manage
our commercialization activities effectively and in a cost-effective manner (currently trial and development for our clinical trials
is very cost effective); and
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manage
our development efforts effectively while carrying out our contractual obligations to contractors and other third parties.
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We
have utilized and continue to utilize the services of part-time outside consultants and contractors to perform a number of tasks for
our company, including tasks related to compliance programs, clinical trial management, regulatory affairs, formulation development and
other drug development functions. Our growth strategy may entail expanding our use of consultants and contractors to implement these
and other tasks going forward. If we are not able to effectively expand our organization by hiring new employees and expanding our use
of consultants and contractors, we may be unable to successfully implement the tasks necessary to effectively execute on our planned
research, development, manufacturing and commercialization activities and, accordingly, may not achieve our research, development and
commercialization goals.
We
face liability for previously restated financial statements.
We
filed a Current Report on Form 8-K on December 31, 2020 and another Current Report on Form 8-K on February 3, 2021, where we announced
that due to matters we discovered which related to KBL, prior to the Business Combination, certain historical financial statements were
unreliable. As a result, we restated our financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and for the three and
nine months ended September 30, 2020, because of errors in such financial statements which were identified after such financial statements
were filed with the SEC in our original quarterly reports for the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020. While we believe
these restatements are the result of the actions of, and are the responsibility of, the management of KBL (none of whom remain employed
by the Company), we may be subject to stockholder litigation, rating downgrades, negative publicity and difficulties in attracting and
retaining key clients, employees and management personnel as a result of such restatements. Additionally, our securities may trade at
prices lower than similarly situated companies which have not had to restate their financial statements.
Our
failure to appropriately account for complex financial instruments may result in the requirement that we restate our financial statements.
Certain
of our current securities, and future securities we issue may, require complex accounting treatment and analysis. The SEC recently issued
a Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”)(the
“Statement”) on April 12, 2021 and may in the future issue further statements on SPAC accounting. While we believe
that our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 and for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 comply with the guidance
issued on April 12, 2021, it is possible that as a result of the information and guidance set forth in the Statement, or in future statements
or advisories released by the SEC or an accounting standards board, that we will need to restate our financial statements, and such guidance
(including as set forth in the Statement), could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations
for prior periods which are required to be restated, if any, and/or on future periods moving forward, even if a restatement is not required.
Operating
results may vary significantly in future periods.
Our
financial results are unpredictable and may fluctuate, for among other reasons, due to commercial sales of our future product candidates;
our achievement of product development objectives and milestones; clinical trial enrollment and expenses; research and development expenses;
and the timing and nature of contract manufacturing and contract research payments. A high portion of our costs are predetermined on
an annual basis, due in part to our significant research and development costs. Thus, small declines in future revenue could disproportionately
affect financial results in a quarter.
We
depend on our key personnel and our ability to attract and retain employees.
Our
future growth and success depend on our ability to recruit, retain, manage and motivate our employees. We are highly dependent on our
current management and scientific personnel, including our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. James N. Woody, our Co-Chairmen, Sir Marc
Feldmann, Ph.D., and Lawrence Steinman, M.D., our Chief Scientific Officer, Jonathan Rothbard, Ph.D., and our scientists, Raphael Mechoulam
and Jagdeep Nanchahal. The inability to hire or retain experienced management personnel could adversely affect our ability to execute
our business plan and harm our operating results. Due to the specialized scientific and managerial nature of our business, we rely heavily
on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical and managerial personnel. The competition for qualified personnel
in the biotechnological field is intense and we may be unable to continue to attract and retain qualified personnel necessary for the
development of our business or to recruit suitable replacement personnel.
Problems
in our manufacturing process for our new chemical entities, failure to comply with manufacturing regulations or unexpected increases
in our manufacturing costs could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We
are responsible for the manufacture and supply of our future product candidates in the CBD derivatives and α7nAChR programs for
commercial use and for use in clinical trials. The manufacturing of our future product candidates necessitates compliance with GMPs and
other regulatory requirements in international jurisdictions. Our ability to successfully manufacture our future product candidates will
involve manufacture of finished products and labeling and packaging, which includes product information, tamper proof evidence and anti-counterfeit
features, under tightly controlled processes and procedures. In addition, we will have to ensure chemical consistency among our batches,
including clinical trial batches and, if approved, marketing batches. Demonstrating such consistency may require typical manufacturing
controls as well as clinical data. We will also have to ensure that our batches conform to complex release specifications. If we are
unable to manufacture our future product candidates in accordance with regulatory specifications, or if there are disruptions in our
manufacturing process due to damage, loss or otherwise, or failure to pass regulatory inspections of our manufacturing facilities, we
may not be able to meet demand or supply sufficient product for use in clinical trials, and this may also harm our ability to commercialize
our future product candidates on a timely or cost-competitive basis, if at all.
We
may not develop and expand our manufacturing capability in time to meet demand for our product candidates, and the FDA or foreign regulatory
authorities may not accept our facilities or those of our contract manufacturers as being suitable for the production of our products
and product candidates. Any problems in our manufacturing process could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations
and financial condition.
We
expect to face intense competition from companies with greater resources and experience than we have; and may face competition from competitors
seeking to market our products under a Section 505(b)(2) application.
The
pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid change. The industry continues to expand and evolve as an increasing
number of competitors and potential competitors enter the market. Many of these competitors and potential competitors have substantially
greater financial, technological, managerial and research and development resources and experience than our company. Some of these competitors
and potential competitors have more experience than our company in the development of pharmaceutical products, including validation procedures
and regulatory matters. In addition, our future product candidates, if successfully developed, will compete with product offerings from
large and well-established companies that have greater marketing and sales experience and capabilities than our company or our collaboration
partners have. In particular, Insys Therapeutics, Inc. is developing CBD in Infantile Spasms (“IS”), and potentially
other indications. Zogenix, Inc. has reported positive data in two Phase 3 trials of low dose fenfluramine in Dravet syndrome and has
commenced a Phase 3 trial with this product in Lennox Gastaut Syndrome. Biocodex recently received regulatory approval from the FDA for
the drug Stiripentol (Diacomit) for the treatment of Dravet syndrome. Other companies with greater resources than our company may announce
similar plans in the future. In addition, there are non-FDA approved CBD preparations being made available from companies in the medical
marijuana industry, which might attempt to compete with our future product candidates.
Additionally,
competitors may also seek to market versions of our drug products via a section 505(b)(2) application, which is a type of somewhat abbreviated
NDA. NDA Section 505(b)(2) applications may be submitted for drug products that represent a modification, such as a new indication or
new dosage form, of a previously approved drug. Section 505(b)(2) applications may rely on the FDA’s previous findings for
the safety and effectiveness of the previously approved drug in addition to information obtained by the 505(b)(2) applicant to support
the modification of the previously approved drug. Preparing Section 505(b)(2) applications may be less costly and time-consuming than
preparing an NDA based entirely on new data and information. Section 505(b)(2) applications are subject to the same patent certification
procedures as an ANDA.
If
we are unable to compete successfully, our commercial opportunities will be reduced and our business, results of operations and financial
conditions may be materially harmed.
Our
future product candidates, if approved, may be unable to achieve the expected market acceptance and, consequently, limit our ability
to generate revenue from new products.
Even
when product development is successful and regulatory approval has been obtained, our ability to generate sufficient revenue depends
on the acceptance of our products by physicians and patients. We cannot assure you that any of our future product candidates will achieve
the expected level of market acceptance and revenue if and when they obtain the requisite regulatory approvals. The market acceptance
of any product depends on a number of factors, including the indication statement, warnings required by regulatory authorities in the
product label and new competing products. Market acceptance can also be influenced by continued demonstration of efficacy and safety
in commercial use, physicians’ willingness to prescribe the product, reimbursement from third-party payors such as government health
care programs and private third-party payors, the price of the product, the nature of any post-approval risk management activities mandated
by regulatory authorities, competition, and marketing and distribution support. Further, our U.S. distribution depends on the adequate
performance of a reimbursement support hub and contracted specialty pharmacies in a closed-distribution network. An ineffective or inefficient
U.S. distribution model at launch may lead to inability to fulfill demand, and consequently a loss of revenue. The success and acceptance
of a product in one country may be negatively affected by its activities in another. If we fail to adapt our approach to clinical trials
in the U.S. market to meet the needs of EMA or other European regulatory authorities, or to generate the health economics and outcomes
research data needed to support pricing and reimbursement negotiations or decisions in Europe, we may have difficulties obtaining marketing
authorization for our products from EMA/European Commission and may have difficulties obtaining pricing and reimbursement approval for
our products at a national level. Any factors preventing or limiting the market acceptance of our products could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
All
of our patents in the Anti-TNF and Fibrosis program are method of use patents, which may result in biosimilar drugs being used without
our permission.
The
success of our most advanced drug development platform depends on the enforceability of our method of use patents, as there are currently
many biosimilar anti-TNF drugs in the market. If we are unable to obtain a composition of matter patents, and enforce such patents, our
ability to generate revenue from the anti-TNF platform may be significantly limited and competitors may be able to use our research to
bring competing drugs to market which would reduce our market share.
The
majority of our license agreements provide the licensors and/or counter-parties the right to use and/or exploit such licensed intellectual
property.
The
majority of our license agreements provide the licensors and/or counter-parties the right to use and/or exploit such licensed intellectual
property, and in some cases provide them ownership of such intellectual property, know-how and research results. As such, we may be in
competition with parties who we have license agreements with, will likely not have the sole right to monetize, sell or distribute our
product candidates and may be subject to restrictions on use and territory of sales. Any or all of the above may have a material adverse
effect on our results of operations and cash flows and ultimately the value of our securities.
Because
the results of preclinical studies and earlier clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, we may not have favorable
results in our planned and future clinical trials.
Any
positive results from our preclinical testing, Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials of our product candidate for Dupuytren’s disease
or any other product candidate may not necessarily be predictive of the results from planned or future clinical trials for such product
candidates. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials after
achieving positive results in preclinical and early clinical development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face similar setbacks.
These setbacks have been caused by, among other things, preclinical findings while clinical trials were underway or safety or efficacy
observations in clinical trials, including adverse events. Moreover, our interpretation of clinical data or our conclusions based on
the preclinical in vitro and in vivo models may prove inaccurate, as preclinical and clinical data can be susceptible to varying interpretations
and analyses, and many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical
trials nonetheless failed to obtain FDA approval or a marketing authorization granted by the European Commission. If we fail to produce
positive results in our planned clinical trial for our product candidate for the treatment of Dupuytren’s disease, or our future
clinical trials, the development timeline and regulatory approval and commercialization prospects for such product candidates, and, correspondingly,
our business and financial prospects, would be materially adversely affected.
We
have limited marketing experience, and we may not be able to successfully commercialize any of our future product candidates, even if
they are approved in the future.
Our
ability to generate revenues ultimately will depend on our ability to sell our approved products and secure adequate third-party reimbursement.
We currently have no experience in marketing and selling our products. The commercial success of our future products depends on a number
of factors beyond our control, including the willingness of physicians to prescribe our future products to patients, payors’ willingness
and ability to pay for our future products, the level of pricing achieved, patients’ response to our future products, and the ability
of our future marketing partners to generate sales. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to establish or maintain the personnel,
systems, arrangements and capabilities necessary to successfully commercialize our future products or any product candidate approved
by the FDA or other regulatory authority in the future. If we fail to establish or maintain successful marketing, sales and reimbursement
capabilities or fail to enter into successful marketing arrangements with third parties, our product revenues may suffer.
If
the price for any of our future approved products decreases or if governmental and other third-party payors do not provide coverage and
adequate reimbursement levels, our revenue and prospects for profitability will suffer.
Patients
who are prescribed medicine for the treatment of their conditions generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the
costs associated with their prescription drugs. Reimbursement systems in international markets vary significantly by country and by region,
and reimbursement approvals generally must be obtained on a country-by-country basis. Coverage and adequate reimbursement from governmental
healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and commercial payors is critical to new product acceptance. Coverage decisions may
depend upon clinical and economic standards that disfavor new drug products when more established or lower cost therapeutic alternatives
are already available or subsequently become available. Even if we obtain coverage for our future product candidates, the resulting reimbursement
payment rates may require co-payments that patients find unacceptably high. Patients may not use our future product candidates if coverage
is not provided or reimbursement is inadequate to cover a significant portion of a patient’s cost.
In
addition, the market for our future product candidates in the U.S. will depend significantly on access to third-party payors’ drug
formularies, or lists of medications for which third-party payors provide coverage and reimbursement. The industry competition to be
included in such formularies often leads to downward pricing pressures on pharmaceutical companies. Also, third-party payors may refuse
to include a particular branded drug in their formularies or otherwise restrict patient access to a branded drug when a less costly generic
equivalent or other alternative is available.
Third-party
payors, whether foreign or domestic, or governmental or commercial, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling
healthcare costs. The current environment is putting pressure on companies to price products below what they may feel is appropriate.
Our future revenues and overall success could be negatively impacted if we sell future product candidates at less than an optimized price.
In addition, in the U.S., no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for drug products exists among third-party payors. Therefore,
coverage and reimbursement for our future product candidates may differ significantly from payor to payor. As a result, the coverage
determination process is often a time-consuming and costly process that will require us to provide scientific and clinical support for
the use of our future product candidates to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage will be obtained. If we are unable
to obtain coverage of, and adequate payment levels for, our future product candidates, physicians may limit how much or under what circumstances
they will prescribe or administer them and patients may decline to purchase them. This could affect our ability to successfully commercialize
our product candidates, and thereby adversely impact our profitability, results of operations, financial condition and future success.
In
addition, where we have chosen to collaborate with a third party on product candidate development and commercialization, our partner
may elect to reduce the price of our products to increase the likelihood of obtaining reimbursement approvals. In many countries, products
cannot be commercially launched until reimbursement is approved and the negotiation process in some countries can exceed 12 months. In
addition, pricing and reimbursement decisions in certain countries can be affected by decisions made in other countries, which can lead
to mandatory price reductions and/or additional reimbursement restrictions across a number of other countries, which may adversely affect
sales and profitability. In the event that countries impose prices that are not sufficient to allow us or our partners to generate a
profit, our partners may refuse to launch the product in such countries or withdraw the product from the market, which would adversely
affect sales and profitability.
Business
interruptions could delay us in the process of developing our future product candidates and could disrupt our product sales.
Loss
of our manufacturing facilities, stored inventory or laboratory facilities through fire, theft or other causes, could have an adverse
effect on our ability to meet demand for our future product candidates or to continue product development activities and to conduct our
business. Failure to supply our partners with commercial products may lead to adverse consequences, including the right of partners to
assume responsibility for product supply. Even if we obtain insurance coverage to compensate us for such business interruptions, such
coverage may prove insufficient to fully compensate us for the damage to our business resulting from any significant property or casualty
loss to our inventory.
If
product liability lawsuits are successfully brought against us, we will incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit the
commercialization of our future product candidates.
Although
we have never had any product liability claims or lawsuits brought against us, we face potential product liability exposure related to
the testing of our future product candidates in human clinical trials, and we will face exposure to claims in jurisdictions where we
market and distribute in the future. We may face exposure to claims by an even greater number of persons when we begin marketing and
distributing our products commercially in the U.S. and elsewhere. In the future, an individual may bring a liability claim against us
alleging that one of our future product candidates caused an injury. While we continue to take what we believe are appropriate precautions,
we may be unable to avoid significant liability if any product liability lawsuit is brought against us. Large judgments have been awarded
in class action or individual lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. Although we have purchased insurance
to cover product liability lawsuits, if we cannot successfully defend our company against product liability claims, or if such insurance
coverage is inadequate, we will incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in
decreased demand for our products, reputational damage, withdrawal of clinical trial participation participants, litigation costs, product
recall costs, monetary awards, increased costs for liability insurance, lost revenues and business interruption.
Our
employees may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and legal requirements.
We
are exposed to the risk of employee fraud or other misconduct. Misconduct by employees could include intentional failures to comply with
FDA, SEC or Office of Inspector General regulations, or regulations of any other applicable regulatory authority, failure to provide
accurate information to the FDA or the SEC, comply with applicable manufacturing standards, other federal, state or foreign laws and
regulations, report information or data accurately or disclose unauthorized activities. Employee misconduct could also involve the improper
use of information, including information obtained in the course of clinical trials, or illegal appropriation of drug product, which
could result in government investigations and serious harm to our reputation. Despite our adoption of a Code of Ethics, employee misconduct
is not always possible to identify and deter. The precautions we take to detect and prevent these prohibited activities may not be effective
in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits
stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against our company, and
we are not successful in defending our company or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business,
including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions.
We
are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws, as well as export control laws, customs laws, sanctions
laws and other laws governing our operations. If we fail to comply with these laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties,
other remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our
operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), and other
anti-corruption laws that apply in countries in which we do business. The FCPA and these other laws generally prohibit our company and
our employees and intermediaries from bribing, being bribed or making other prohibited payments to government officials or other persons
to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage. We and our commercial partners operate in a number of jurisdictions
that pose a high risk of potential FCPA violations, and we participate in collaborations and relationships with third parties whose actions
could potentially subject us to liability under the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope
or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws
might be administered or interpreted.
We
are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations, including regulations administered by the governments
of the U.S., Canada, Israel, the United Kingdom and authorities in the EU, including applicable export control regulations, economic
sanctions on countries and persons, customs requirements and currency exchange regulations, collectively referred to as the Trade Control
Laws.
However,
there is no assurance that we will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws, including
the FCPA or other legal requirements, including Trade Control Laws. If we are not in compliance with the FCPA and other anti-corruption
laws or Trade Control Laws, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other sanctions and remedial measures,
and legal expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Likewise,
any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA, other anti-corruption laws by the U.S. or other authorities could also have
an adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Security
breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business, prevent us from accessing
critical information or expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.
In
the ordinary course of business, we expect to collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected patient health information,
credit card information, personally identifiable information about our employees, intellectual property, and proprietary business information.
We expect to manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing on-site systems. These applications and data encompass a wide variety
of business-critical information including research and development information, commercial information and business and financial information.
The
secure processing, storage, maintenance and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy,
and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized
access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers, or viruses, breaches or
interruptions due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions, or lapses in compliance with privacy and security mandates. Any
such virus, breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties,
publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. We have measures in place that are designed to prevent, and if necessary, to detect and respond to
such security incidents and breaches of privacy and security mandates. However, in the future, any such access, disclosure or other loss
of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, such
as HIPAA and European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), government enforcement actions and regulatory
penalties. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also disrupt our operations, including our ability to process samples, provide
test results, share and monitor safety data, bill payors or patients, provide customer support services, conduct research and development
activities, process and prepare company financial information, manage various general and administrative aspects of our business and
may damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In
May 2016, the EU formally adopted the GDPR, which applies to all EU member states and became effective on May 25, 2018 and replaced
the European Union Data Protection Directive. The regulation introduces stringent new data protection requirements in the EU and substantial
fines for breaches of the data protection rules. It may increase our responsibility and liability in relation to personal data that we
process and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms ensuring compliance with the new data protection rules. The GDPR
is a complex law and the regulatory guidance is still evolving, including with respect to how the GDPR should be applied in the context
of clinical trials or other transactions from which we may gain access to personal data. These changes in the law will increase our costs
of compliance and result in greater legal risks.
Risks
Related to Development and Regulatory Approval of our Future Product Candidates
Clinical
trials are expensive, time-consuming, uncertain and susceptible to change, delay or termination. The results of clinical trials are open
to differing interpretations.
We
have three separate programs for producing anti-inflammatory agents: (1) investigating new clinical opportunities for anti-TNF,
(2) identifying orally available, small molecules that are agonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and (3) identifying
patentable analogs of CBD that initially will be used as pain medications. However, these programs, including the related clinical trials,
are expensive, time consuming and difficult to design and implement.
Regulatory
agencies may analyze or interpret the results of clinical trials differently than us. Even if the results of our clinical trials are
favorable, the clinical trials for a number of its future product candidates are expected to continue for several years and may take
significantly longer to complete. In addition, the FDA or other regulatory authorities, including state, local and foreign authorities,
or an IRB, with respect to a trial at our institution, may suspend, delay or terminate its clinical trials at any time, require us to
conduct additional clinical trials, require a particular clinical trial to continue for a longer duration than originally planned, require
a change to its development plans such that we conduct clinical trials for a product candidate in a different order, e.g., in a step-wise
fashion rather than running two trials of the same product candidate in parallel, or could suspend or terminate the registrations and
quota allotments we require in order to procure and handle controlled substances, for various reasons, including the following, any of
which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations:
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lack
of effectiveness of any product candidate during clinical trials;
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discovery
of serious or unexpected toxicities or side effects experienced by trial participants or other safety issues, such as drug interactions,
including those which cause confounding changes to the levels of other concomitant medications;
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slower
than expected rates of subject recruitment and enrollment rates in clinical trials;
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difficulty
in retaining subjects who have initiated a clinical trial but may withdraw at any time due to adverse side effects from the therapy,
insufficient efficacy, fatigue with the clinical trial process or for any other reason;
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delays
or inability in manufacturing or obtaining sufficient quantities of materials for use in clinical trials due to regulatory and manufacturing
constraints;
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inadequacy
of or changes in our manufacturing process or product formulation;
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delays
in obtaining regulatory authorization to commence a trial, including “clinical holds” or delays requiring suspension
or termination of a trial by a regulatory agency, such as the FDA, before or after a trial is commenced;
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DEA
related recordkeeping, reporting security or other violations at a clinical site, leading the DEA or state authorities to suspend or
revoke the site’s-controlled substance license and causing a delay or termination of planned or ongoing trials;
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changes
in applicable regulatory policies and regulation, including changes to requirements imposed on the extent, nature or timing of studies;
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delays
or failure in reaching agreement on acceptable terms in clinical trial contracts or protocols with prospective clinical trial sites;
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uncertainty
regarding proper dosing;
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delay
or failure to supply product for use in clinical trials which conforms to regulatory specification;
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unfavorable
results from ongoing pre-clinical studies and clinical trials;
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failure
of our contract research organizations (“CROs”), or other third-party contractors to comply with all contractual requirements
or to perform their services in a timely or acceptable manner;
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failure
by our company, our employees, our CROs or their employees to comply with all applicable FDA or other regulatory requirements relating
to the conduct of clinical trials;
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scheduling
conflicts with participating clinicians and clinical institutions;
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failure
to design appropriate clinical trial protocols;
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regulatory
concerns with CBD derivative products generally and the potential for abuse, despite only working with non-plant based non-psychoactive
products;
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insufficient
data to support regulatory approval;
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inability
or unwillingness of medical investigators to follow our clinical protocols; or
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difficulty
in maintaining contact with patients during or after treatment, which may result in incomplete data.
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Any
failure by our company to comply with existing regulations could harm our reputation and operating results.
We
are subject to extensive regulation by U.S. federal and state and foreign governments in each of the U.S., European and Canadian markets,
in which we plan to sell our products, or in markets where we have product candidates progressing through the approval process.
We
must adhere to all regulatory requirements including FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice (“GLP”), Good Clinical Practice
(“GCP”), and GMP requirements, pharmacovigilance requirements, advertising and promotion restrictions, reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, and their European equivalents. If we or our suppliers fail to comply with applicable regulations, including
FDA pre-or post-approval requirements, then the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities could sanction our company. Even if a drug
is approved by the FDA or other competent authorities, regulatory authorities may impose significant restrictions on a product’s
indicated uses or marketing or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly post-marketing trials. Any of product candidates which
may be approved in the U.S. will be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements for manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage, distribution,
import, export, advertising, promotion, sampling, recordkeeping and submission of safety and other post-market information, including
both federal and state requirements. In addition, manufacturers and manufacturers’ facilities are required to comply with extensive
FDA requirements, including ensuring that quality control and manufacturing procedures conform to GMP. As such, we and our contract manufacturers
(in the event contract manufacturers are appointed in the future) are subject to continual review and periodic inspections to assess
compliance with GMP. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work will have to spend time, money and effort in all areas of regulatory
compliance, including manufacturing, production, quality control and quality assurance. We will also be required to report certain adverse
reactions and production problems, if any, to the FDA, and to comply with requirements concerning advertising and promotion for its products.
Promotional communications with respect to prescription drugs are subject to a variety of legal and regulatory restrictions and must
be consistent with the information in the product’s approved label. Similar restrictions and requirements exist in the EU and other
markets where we operate.
If
a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency,
or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, or disagrees with the promotion, marketing or labeling of the product,
it may impose restrictions on that product or on our company, including requiring withdrawal of the product from the market. If we fail
to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency or enforcement authority may issue warning letters, impose
civil or criminal penalties, suspend regulatory approval, suspend any of our ongoing clinical trials, refuse to approve pending applications
or supplements to approved applications submitted by us, impose restrictions on our operations, or seize or detain products or require
a product recall.
In
addition, it is possible that our future products will be regulated by the DEA, under the Controlled Substances Act or under similar
laws elsewhere. DEA scheduling is a separate process that can delay when a drug may become available to patients beyond an NDA approval
date, and the timing and outcome of such DEA process is uncertain. See also “Risks Related to Controlled Substances.”
In
addition, any government investigation of alleged violations of law could require us to spend significant time and resources in response,
and could generate negative publicity. Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements may significantly and adversely affect
our ability to commercialize and generate revenue from our future product candidates. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory
approval is withdrawn, the value of our business and our operating results may be adversely affected.
Any
action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses,
divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and damage our reputation. We expect to spend significant
resources on compliance efforts and such expenses are unpredictable. Changing laws, regulations and standards might also create uncertainty,
higher expenses and increase insurance costs. As a result, we intend to invest all reasonably necessary resources to comply with evolving
standards, and this investment might result in increased management and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and
attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
We
are subject to federal, state and foreign healthcare laws and regulations and implementation of or changes to such healthcare laws and
regulations could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
In
both the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare
system in ways that could impact our ability to sell our future product candidates. If we are found to be in violation of any of these
laws or any other federal, state or foreign regulations, we may be subject to administrative, civil and/or criminal penalties, damages,
fines, individual imprisonment, we from federal health care programs and the restructuring of our operations. Any of these could have
a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Since many of these laws have not been fully interpreted by the courts,
there is an increased risk that we may be found in violation of one or more of their provisions. Any action against us for violation
of these laws, even if we ultimately are successful in our defense, will cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our
management’s attention away from the operation of our business. In addition, in many foreign countries, particularly the countries
of the EU the pricing of prescription drugs is subject to government control.
In
some foreign countries, the proposed pricing for a drug must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements governing
drug pricing vary widely from country to country.
For
example, some EU jurisdictions operate positive and negative list systems under which products may only be marketed once a reimbursement
price has been agreed. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval, some of these countries may require the completion of clinical trials
that compare the cost-effectiveness of a particular product candidate to currently available therapies. Other member states allow companies
to fix their own prices for medicines but monitor and control company profits. Such differences in national pricing regimes may create
price differentials between EU member states. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations
for pharmaceutical products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of our products. Historically, products
launched in the U.K. and EU do not follow price structures of the U.S. In the U.K. and EU, the downward pressure on healthcare costs
in general, particularly prescription medicines, has become intense. As a result, barriers to entry of new products are becoming increasingly
high and patients are unlikely to use a drug product that is not reimbursed by their government. We may face competition from lower-priced
products in foreign countries that have placed price controls on pharmaceutical products. In addition, the importation of foreign products
may compete with any future product that we may market, which could negatively impact our profitability.
Specifically,
in the U.S., we expect that the 2010 Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), as well as other healthcare reform measures that
may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage criteria and in additional downward pressure on the price that we
may receive for any approved product. There have been judicial challenges to certain aspects of the ACA and numerous legislative attempts
to repeal and/or replace the ACA in whole or in part, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA in
the future. At this time, the full effect that the ACA will have on our business in the future remains unclear. An expansion in the government’s
role in the U.S. healthcare industry may cause general downward pressure on the prices of prescription drug products, lower reimbursements
or any other product for which we obtain regulatory approval, reduce product utilization and adversely affect our business and results
of operations. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments
from private payors. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate
revenue, attain profitability, or commercialize any of our future product candidates for which we may receive regulatory approval.
Information
obtained from expanded access studies may not reliably predict the efficacy of our future product candidates in company-sponsored clinical
trials and may lead to adverse events that could limit approval.
The
expanded access studies we are currently supporting are uncontrolled, carried out by individual investigators and not typically conducted
in strict compliance with GCPs, all of which can lead to a treatment effect which may differ from that in placebo-controlled trials.
These studies provide only anecdotal evidence of efficacy for regulatory review. These studies contain no control or comparator group
for reference and this patient data is not designed to be aggregated or reported as study results. Moreover, data from such small numbers
of patients may be highly variable. Information obtained from these studies, including the statistical principles that we and the independent
investigators have chosen to apply to the data, may not reliably predict data collected via systematic evaluation of the efficacy in
company-sponsored clinical trials or evaluated via other statistical principles that may be applied in those trials. Reliance on such
information to design our clinical trials may lead to trials that are not adequately designed to demonstrate efficacy and could delay
or prevent our ability to seek approval of our future product candidates.
Expanded
access programs provide supportive safety information for regulatory review. Physicians conducting these studies may use our future product
candidates in a manner inconsistent with the protocol, including in children with conditions beyond those being studied in trials which
we sponsor. Any adverse events or reactions experienced by subjects in the expanded access program may be attributed to our future product
candidates and may limit its ability to obtain regulatory approval with labeling that we consider desirable, or at all.
There
is a high rate of failure for drug candidates proceeding through clinical trials.
Generally,
there is a high rate of failure for drug candidates proceeding through clinical trials. We may suffer significant setbacks in our clinical
trials similar to the experience of a number of other companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, even after receiving
promising results in earlier trials. Further, even if we view the results of a clinical trial to be positive, the FDA or other regulatory
authorities may disagree with our interpretation of the data. In the event that we obtain negative results from clinical trials for product
candidates or other problems related to potential chemistry, manufacturing and control issues or other hurdles occur and our future product
candidates are not approved, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue or obtain financing to continue our operations, our ability
to execute on our current business plan may be materially impaired, and our reputation in the industry and in the investment community
might be significantly damaged. In addition, our inability to properly design, commence and complete clinical trials may negatively impact
the timing and results of our clinical trials and ability to seek approvals for our drug candidates.
If
we are found in violation of federal or state “fraud and abuse” laws or similar laws in other jurisdictions, we may be required
to pay a penalty and/or be suspended from participation in federal or state health care programs, which may adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
In
the U.S., we are subject to various federal and state health care “fraud and abuse” laws, including anti-kickback laws, false
claims laws and other laws intended to reduce fraud and abuse in federal and state health care programs, which could affect our company
particularly upon successful commercialization of our products in the U.S. The Medicare and Medicaid Patient Protection Act of 1987,
or federal Anti-Kickback Statute, makes it illegal for any person, including a prescription drug manufacturer (or a party acting on its
behalf), to knowingly and willfully solicit, receive, offer or pay any remuneration that is intended to induce the referral of business,
including the purchase, order or prescription of a particular drug for which payment may be made under a federal health care program,
such as Medicare or Medicaid. Under federal law, some arrangements, known as safe harbors, are deemed not to violate the federal Anti-Kickback
Statute. Although we seek to structure our business arrangements in compliance with all applicable requirements, it is often difficult
to determine precisely how the law will be applied in specific circumstances. Accordingly, it is possible that our practices may be challenged
under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and Federal False Claims Act. Violations of fraud and abuse laws may be punishable by criminal
and/or civil sanctions, including fines and/or exclusion or suspension from federal and state health care programs such as Medicare and
Medicaid and debarment from contracting with the U.S. government. In addition, private individuals have the ability to bring actions
on behalf of the government under the federal False Claims Act as well as under the false claims laws of several states.
While
we believe that we have structured our business arrangements to comply with these laws, that the government could allege violations of,
or convict us of violating, these laws. If we are found in violation of one of these laws, we could be required to pay a penalty and
could be suspended or excluded from participation in federal or state health care programs, and our business, results of operations and
financial condition may be adversely affected.
The
Members States of the EU and other countries also have anti-kickback laws and can impose penalties in case of infringement, which, in
some jurisdictions, can also be enforced by competitors.
Serious
adverse events or other safety risks could require us to abandon development and preclude, delay or limit approval of our future product
candidates, limit the scope of any approved label or market acceptance, or cause the recall or loss of marketing approval of products
that are already marketed.
If
any of our future product candidates prior to or after any approval for commercial sale, cause serious or unexpected side effects, or
are associated with other safety risks such as misuse, abuse or diversion, a number of potentially significant negative consequences
could result, including:
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regulatory
authorities may interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials;
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regulatory
authorities may deny regulatory approval of our future product candidates;
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regulatory
authorities may require certain labeling statements, such as warnings or contraindications
or limitations on the indications for use, and/or impose restrictions on distribution in
the form of a REMS in connection with approval or post-approval;
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regulatory
authorities may withdraw their approval, require more onerous labeling statements, impose
a more restrictive REMS, or require it to recall any product that is approved;
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we
may be required to change the way the product is administered or conduct additional clinical
trials;
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our
relationships with our collaboration partners may suffer;
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we
could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; or
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our
reputation may suffer. The reputational risk is heightened with respect to those of our future
product candidates that are being developed for pediatric indications.
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We
may voluntarily suspend or terminate our clinical trials if at any time we believe that the products present an unacceptable risk to
participants, or if preliminary data demonstrates that our future product candidates are unlikely to receive regulatory approval or unlikely
to be successfully commercialized. Following receipt of approval for commercial sale of a product, we may voluntarily withdraw or recall
that product from the market if at any time we believe that its use, or a person’s exposure to it, may cause adverse health consequences
or death. To date, we have not withdrawn, recalled or taken any other action, voluntary or mandatory, to remove an approved product from
the market. In addition, regulatory agencies, IRBs or data safety monitoring boards may at any time recommend the temporary or permanent
discontinuation of our clinical trials or request that we cease using investigators in the clinical trials if they believe that the clinical
trials are not being conducted in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements, or that they present an unacceptable safety risk
to participants. Although we have never been asked by a regulatory agency, IRB or data safety monitoring board to temporarily or permanently
discontinue a clinical trial, if we elect or are forced to suspend or terminate a clinical trial of any of our future product candidates,
the commercial prospects for that product will be harmed and our ability to generate product revenue from that product may be delayed
or eliminated. Furthermore, any of these events may result in labeling statements such as warnings or contraindications. In addition,
such events or labeling could prevent us or our partners from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the affected product and
could substantially increase the costs of commercializing our future product candidates and impair our ability to generate revenue from
the commercialization of these products either by our company or by our collaboration partners.
The
development of a REMS for our future product candidates could cause delays in the approval process and would add additional layers of
regulatory requirements that could impact our ability to commercialize our future product candidates in the U.S. and reduce their market
potential.
Even
if the FDA approves our NDA for any of our future product candidates without requiring a REMS as a condition of approval of the NDA,
the FDA may, post-approval, require a REMS for any of our future product candidates if it becomes aware of new safety information that
makes a REMS necessary to ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh the potential risks. REMS elements can include medication guides,
communication plans for health care professionals, and elements to assure safe use (“ETASU”). ETASU can include, but
are not limited to, special training or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special
monitoring and the use of patient registries. Moreover, product approval may require substantial post-approval testing and surveillance
to monitor the drug’s safety or efficacy. We may be required to adopt a REMS for our future product candidates to ensure that the
benefits outweigh the risks of abuse, misuse, diversion and other potential safety concerns. There can be no assurance that the FDA will
approve a manageable REMS for our future product candidates, which could create material and significant limits on our ability to successfully
commercialize our future product candidates in the U.S. Delays in the REMS approval process could result in delays in the NDA approval
process. In addition, as part of the REMS, the FDA could require significant restrictions, such as restrictions on the prescription,
distribution and patient use of the product, which could significantly impact our ability to effectively commercialize our future product
candidates, and dramatically reduce their market potential, thereby adversely impacting our business, financial condition and results
of operations. Even if initial REMS are not highly restrictive, if, after launch, our future product candidates were to be subject to
significant abuse/non-medical use or diversion from illicit channels, this could lead to negative regulatory consequences, including
a more restrictive REMS.
Risks
Related to our Reliance Upon Third Parties
Our
existing collaboration arrangements and any that we may enter into in the future may not be successful, which could adversely affect
our ability to develop and commercialize our future product candidates.
We
are a party to, and may seek additional, collaboration arrangements with pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies for the development
or commercialization of our future product candidates. We may, with respect to our future product candidates, enter into new arrangements
on a selective basis depending on the merits of retaining commercialization rights for ourselves as compared to entering into selective
collaboration arrangements with leading pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies for each product candidate, both in the U.S. and internationally.
To the extent that we decide to enter into collaboration agreements, we will face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators
and the terms of any collaboration or other arrangements that we may establish may not be favorable to it.
Any
existing or future collaboration that we enter into may not be successful. The success of our collaboration arrangements will depend
heavily on the efforts and activities of our collaborators. Collaborators generally have significant discretion in determining the efforts
and resources that they will apply to these collaborations. Disagreements between parties to a collaboration arrangement regarding development,
intellectual property, regulatory or commercialization matters, can lead to delays in the development process or commercialization of
the applicable product candidate and, in some cases, termination of the collaboration arrangement. These disagreements can be difficult
to resolve if neither of the parties has final decision-making authority. Any such termination or expiration could harm our business
reputation and may adversely affect it financially.
We
expect to depend on a limited number of suppliers for materials and components in order to manufacture our future product candidates.
The loss of these suppliers, or their failure to supply us on a timely basis, could cause delays in our current and future capacity and
adversely affect our business.
We
expect to depend on a limited number of suppliers for the materials and components required to manufacture our future product candidates.
As a result, we may not be able to obtain sufficient quantities of critical materials and components in the future. A delay or interruption
by our suppliers may also harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the lead time needed to establish
a relationship with a new supplier can be lengthy, and we may experience delays in meeting demand in the event we must switch to a new
supplier. The time and effort to qualify for and, in some cases, obtain regulatory approval for a new supplier could result in additional
costs, diversion of resources or reduced manufacturing yields, any of which would negatively impact our operating results. Our dependence
on single-source suppliers exposes us to numerous risks, including the following: our suppliers may cease or reduce production or deliveries,
they may be subject to government investigations and regulatory actions that limit or prevent production capabilities for an extended
period of time, raise prices or renegotiate terms; our suppliers may become insolvent; we may be unable to locate a suitable replacement
supplier on acceptable terms or on a timely basis, or at all; and delays caused by supply issues may harm our reputation, frustrate our
customers and cause them to turn to our competitors for future needs.
Risks
Related to our Intellectual Property
We
may not be able to adequately protect our future product candidates or our proprietary technology in the marketplace.
Our
success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, protect our trade secrets and operate without infringing on the proprietary
rights of others. We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret protection (i.e., know-how), and confidentiality agreements to
protect the intellectual property of our future product candidates. The strengths of patents in the pharmaceutical field involve complex
legal and scientific questions, and can be uncertain. Where appropriate, we seek patent protection for certain aspects of our products
and technology. Filing, prosecuting and defending patents globally can be prohibitively expensive.
Our
policy is to look to patent technologies with commercial potential in jurisdictions with significant commercial opportunities. However,
patent protection may not be available for some of the products or technology we are developing. If we must spend significant time and
money protecting, defending or enforcing our patents, designing around patents held by others or licensing, potentially for large fees,
patents or other proprietary rights held by others, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed. We may
not develop additional proprietary products that are patentable. As of the date hereof, we have an extensive portfolio of patents, including
many granted patents and patents pending approval.
The
patent positions of pharmaceutical products are complex and uncertain. The scope and extent of patent protection for our future product
candidates are particularly uncertain. Our future product candidates will be based on medicinal chemistry instead of cannabis plants.
While we have sought patent protection, where appropriate, directed to, among other things, composition-of-matter for its specific formulations,
their methods of use, and methods of manufacture, we do not have and will not be able to obtain composition of matter protection on these
previously known CBD derivatives per se. We anticipate that the products we develop in the future will be based upon synthetic compounds
we may discover. Although we have sought, and will continue to seek, patent protection in the U.S., Europe and other countries for our
proprietary technologies, future product candidates, their methods of use, and methods of manufacture, any or all of them may not be
subject to effective patent protection. If any of our products are approved and marketed for an indication for which we do not have an
issued patent, our ability to use our patents to prevent a competitor from commercializing a non-branded version of our commercial products
for that non-patented indication could be significantly impaired or even eliminated.
Publication
of information related to our future product candidates by our company or others may prevent it from obtaining or enforcing patents relating
to these products and product candidates. Furthermore, others may independently develop similar products, may duplicate our products,
or may design around our patent rights. In addition, any of our issued patents may be opposed and/or declared invalid or unenforceable.
If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property, we may face competition from companies who attempt to create a generic product
to compete with our future product candidates. We may also face competition from companies who develop a substantially similar product
to our future product candidates that is not covered by any of our patents.
Many
companies have encountered significant problems in protecting, defending and enforcing intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions.
The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other
intellectual property rights, particularly those relating to pharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement
of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent
rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.
If
third parties claim that intellectual property used by our company infringes upon their intellectual property, our operating profits
could be adversely affected.
There
is a substantial amount of litigation, both within and outside the U.S., involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the
pharmaceutical industry. We may, from time to time, be notified of claims that we are infringing upon patents, trademarks, copyrights
or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties, and we cannot provide assurances that other companies will not, in the
future, pursue such infringement claims against us, our commercial partners or any third-party proprietary technologies we have licensed.
If we were found to infringe upon a patent or other intellectual property right, or if we failed to obtain or renew a license under a
patent or other intellectual property right from a third party, or if a third party from whom we were licensing technologies was found
to infringe upon a patent or other intellectual property rights of another third party, we may be required to pay damages, including
damages of up to three times the damages found or assessed, if the infringement is found to be willful, suspend the manufacture of certain
products or reengineer or rebrand our products, if feasible, or we may be unable to enter certain new product markets. Any such claims
could also be expensive and time consuming to defend and divert management’s attention and resources. Our competitive position
could suffer as a result. In addition, if we have declined or failed to enter into a valid non-disclosure or assignment agreement for
any reason, we may not own the invention or its intellectual property, and our products may not be adequately protected. Thus, we cannot
guarantee that any of our future product candidates, or our commercialization thereof, does not and will not infringe any third party’s
intellectual property.
If
we are not able to adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information, the value of our technology and
products could be significantly diminished.
We
rely on trade secrets to protect our proprietary technologies, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or
obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. We rely in part on confidentiality agreements with current and former employees,
consultants, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers, contract manufacturers, vendors and other advisors to protect our
trade secrets and other proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information
and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, we cannot guarantee
that we have executed these agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets. Any party with whom we
or they have executed such an agreement may breach that agreement and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets,
and we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches.
Enforcing
a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome
is unpredictable. Also, some courts inside and outside the United States are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets.
If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent
them, or those to whom they disclose such trade secrets, from using that technology or information to compete with us. If any of our
trade secrets were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor or other third-party, our competitive position would
be harmed.
Risks
Related to Controlled Substances
Controlled
substance legislation differs between countries, and legislation in certain countries may restrict or limit our ability to sell our future
product candidates.
Most
countries are parties to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971, which governs
international trade and domestic control of narcotic substances, including cannabis extracts. Countries may interpret and implement their
treaty obligations in a way that creates a legal obstacle to us obtaining marketing approval for our future products in those countries.
These countries may not be willing or able to amend or otherwise modify their laws and regulations to permit our future products to be
marketed, or achieving such amendments to the laws and regulations may take a prolonged period of time. In that case, we would be unable
to market our future product candidates in those countries in the near future or perhaps at all.
The
product candidates that we are developing may be subject to U.S. controlled substance laws and regulations and failure to comply with
these laws and regulations, or the cost of compliance with these laws and regulations, may adversely affect the results of our business
operations, both during clinical development and post approval, and our financial condition.
The
product candidates that we are developing may contain controlled substances as defined in The United States Federal Controlled Substances
Act of 1970 and the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act, as amended (“CSA”). Controlled substances that are
pharmaceutical products are subject to a high degree of regulation under the CSA, which establishes, among other things, certain registration,
manufacturing quotas, security, recordkeeping, reporting, import, export and other requirements administered by the DEA. The DEA classifies
controlled substances into five schedules: Schedule I, II, III, IV or V substances. Schedule I substances by definition have a high potential
for abuse, no currently “accepted medical use” in the U.S., lack accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and may
not be prescribed, marketed or sold in the U.S. Pharmaceutical products approved for use in the U.S. which contain a controlled substance
are listed as Schedule II, III, IV or V, with Schedule II substances considered to present the highest potential for abuse or dependence
and Schedule V substances the lowest relative risk of abuse among such substances.
While
cannabis is a Schedule I controlled substance, products approved for medical use in the U.S. that contain cannabis or cannabis extracts
should be placed in Schedules II-V, since approval by the FDA satisfies the “accepted medical use” requirement. If
and when any of our future product candidates receive FDA approval, the DEA will make a scheduling determination. If the FDA, the DEA
or any foreign regulatory authority determines that our future product candidates may have potential for abuse, it may require us to
generate more clinical or other data than we currently anticipate to establish whether or to what extent the substance has an abuse potential,
which could increase the cost and/or delay the launch of that product.
Facilities
conducting research, manufacturing, distributing, importing or exporting, or dispensing controlled substances must be registered (licensed)
to perform these activities and have the security, control, recordkeeping, reporting and inventory mechanisms required by the DEA to
prevent drug loss and diversion. All these facilities must renew their registrations annually, except dispensing facilities, which must
renew every three years. The DEA conducts periodic inspections of certain registered establishments that handle controlled substances.
Obtaining the necessary registrations may result in delay of the importation, manufacturing or distribution of our future products. Furthermore,
failure to maintain compliance with the CSA, particularly non-compliance resulting in loss or diversion, can result in regulatory action
that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The DEA may seek civil penalties,
refuse to renew necessary registrations, or initiate proceedings to restrict, suspend or revoke those registrations. In certain circumstances,
violations could lead to criminal proceedings.
Individual
states have also established controlled substance laws and regulations. Although state-controlled substances laws often mirror federal
law, because the states are separate jurisdictions, they may separately schedule our future product candidates as well. State scheduling
may delay commercial sale of any product for which we obtain federal regulatory approval and adverse scheduling could have a material
adverse effect on the commercial attractiveness of such product. We or our partners must also obtain separate state registrations, permits
or licenses in order to be able to obtain, handle, and distribute controlled substances for clinical trials or commercial sale, and failure
to meet applicable regulatory requirements could lead to enforcement and sanctions by the states in addition to those from the DEA or
otherwise arising under federal law.
Because
our products may be controlled substances in the U.S., to conduct clinical trials in the U.S., each of our research sites must submit
a research protocol to the DEA and obtain and maintain a DEA researcher registration that will allow those sites to handle and dispense
our products and to obtain product from our importer. If the DEA delays or denies the grant of a research registration to one or more
research sites, the clinical trial could be significantly delayed, and we could lose clinical trial sites. The importer for the clinical
trials must also obtain an importer registration and an import permit for each import.
The
legislation on cannabis in the EU differs among the member states, as this area is not yet fully harmonized. In Germany, for example,
cannabis is regulated as a controlled substance (Betäubungsmittel) and its handling requires specific authorization.
The
legalization and use of medical and recreational cannabis in the U.S. and abroad may impact our business.
There
is a substantial amount of change occurring in the U.S. regarding the use of medical and recreational cannabis products. While cannabis
products not approved by the FDA are Schedule I substances as defined under federal law, and their possession and use is not permitted
according to federal law (except for research purposes, under DEA registration), at least 36 jurisdictions and the District of Columbia
have enacted state laws to enable possession and use of cannabis for medical purposes, and at least 25 jurisdictions for recreational
purposes. The U.S. Farm Bill, which was passed in 2018, descheduled certain material derived from hemp plants with extremely low tetrahydrocannabinol
(“THC”) content. Although our business is quite distinct from that of online and dispensary cannabis companies, future
legislation authorizing the sale, distribution, use, and insurance reimbursement of non-FDA approved cannabis products could affect our
business.
General
Business Risks Relating to our Company
The
December 2017 tax reform bill could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
On
December 22, 2017, then President Trump signed into law a comprehensive tax reform bill (the “Tax Act”), that significantly
reforms the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Tax Act, among other things, contains significant
changes to corporate taxation, including a permanent reduction of the corporate income tax rate, a partial limitation on the deductibility
of business interest expense, limitation of the deduction for certain net operating losses to 80% of current year taxable income, an
indefinite net operating loss carryforward, immediate deductions for certain new investments instead of deductions for depreciation expense
over time and modification or repeal of many business deductions and credits. The presentation of our financial condition and results
of operations have been recorded in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which requires the financial statement
impact of the Tax Act to be recorded in the period in which the Tax Act was enacted. The financial statement impact of the Tax Act is
based on our current interpretation of the provisions contained in the Tax Act and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance
relating thereto. Any significant variance of our current interpretation of this law from any future Treasury Regulations or administrative
guidance could result in a change to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and could negatively affect
our business. The overall impact of the Tax Act and any future tax reform is uncertain and our business and financial condition could
be adversely affected.
Changes
in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, investments and results
of operations.
We
are subject to laws, regulations and rules enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we are required to comply
with certain SEC, NASDAQ and other legal or regulatory requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws, regulations
and rules may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws, regulations and rules and their interpretation and application may
also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations.
In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and rules, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse
effect on our business and results of operations.
Certain
of our executive officers and directors are now, and all of them may in the future become, affiliated with entities engaged in business
activities similar to those conducted by us and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular
business opportunity should be presented.
Our
executive officers and directors are, or may in the future become, affiliated with entities that are engaged in business activities similar
to those that are conducted by us. Our officers and directors also may become aware of business opportunities which may be appropriate
for presentation to us and the other entities to which they owe certain fiduciary or contractual duties. Accordingly, they may have conflicts
of interest in determining whether a particular business opportunity should be presented to our company or to another entity. These conflicts
may not be resolved in our favor and a potential opportunity may be presented to another entity prior to its presentation to us. Our
Certificate of Incorporation provides that we renounce our interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer unless
such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of our company and such opportunity
is one we are legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for us to pursue.
Our
executive officers, directors, security holders and their respective affiliates may have competitive pecuniary interests that conflict
with our interests.
We
have not adopted a policy that expressly prohibits our directors, executive officers, security holders or affiliates from having a direct
or indirect pecuniary or financial interest in any investment to be acquired or disposed of by us or in any transaction to which we are
a party or have an interest. In fact, we may enter into a strategic transaction with a target business that is affiliated with our directors
or executive officers. Nor do we have a policy that expressly prohibits any such persons from engaging for their own account in business
activities of the types conducted by us. Accordingly, such persons or entities may have a conflict between their interests and ours.
Certain of our officers and directors hold positions with companies which may be competitors of us. See also the biographies of our officers
and directors below under “Management” below.
We
face significant penalties and damages in the event registration statements we filed to register certain securities sold in our prior
offerings are subsequently suspended or terminated and/or if we fail to timely deliver securities upon conversion of our convertible
notes.
We
previously registered the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of certain outstanding convertible promissory notes under the
Securities Act, for resale. The agreements pursuant to which we sold such securities, and in some cases, the securities themselves, provide
for liquidated damages upon the occurrence of certain events. Due to the recent requirement that we restate our June 30, 2020 and September
30, 2020 quarterly financial statements, and the similar requirement that we update such registration statement to reflect such restatement,
the holders are due certain penalties.
For
example, because the registration statement was unavailable for the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the convertible notes,
for more than ten consecutive calendar days, then, in addition to any other rights the holders may have under the convertible notes or
under applicable law, on the tenth day after the registration statement was unavailable for use for the resale of shares, and on each
monthly anniversary of each such date thereafter, until the registration statement is available for us or sixty calendar days after the
applicable event date, whichever occurs first, we are required to pay to each holder of certain of our convertible notes an amount in
cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to 2% of the amount each holder paid the Company for the original subscription
of convertible notes and preferred stock; provided, that the maximum amount payable shall not exceed 4%. If not in paid in full within
seven days after the date payable, such amount accrues interest at 18% per annum until paid in full; and such amount was not timely paid.
Such penalties and/or others which we are subject, could adversely affect our cash flow and cause the value of our securities to decline
in value.
Such
requirement to amend the registration statement also represented an event of default under certain of the convertible notes, which have
a principal balance of $316,111. As a result of such default, immediately, without need for notice or demand all of which are waived,
interest on the notes accrues and is owed daily at an increased interest rate equal to the lesser of two percent per month (twenty-four
percent (24.0%) per annum) or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law, and the convertible notes may be accelerated at the option
of the holders thereof (payable in either cash or shares of common stock), in an amount equal to the greater of (a) one hundred thirty
percent (130%) of the sum of the outstanding amount of the notes (including principal, interest, penalties and other amounts due thereunder)(the
“Default Sum”); and (i) the Default Sum, divided by the conversion price, multiplied by (ii) the highest closing price of
the Company’s common stock on the period from the first date of default under the convertible notes until such default amount is
paid.
Separately,
we face penalties of $1,000 per day for each day that we fail to deliver shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of certain of
our outstanding convertible notes, if such shares are not delivered within two trading days after a conversion notice is given and in
such case the holders of such notes also have buy-in rights pursuant to which additional penalties could be due. To date we have failed
to timely deliver certain shares of common stock upon conversion of outstanding convertible notes. Such penalties and/or others which
we are subject, could adversely affect our cash flow and cause the value of our securities to decline in value.
The
value of our existing intangible assets may become impaired, depending upon future operating results.
Our
intangible assets were approximately $51.5 million as of December 31, 2020, representing approximately 93% of our total assets. We evaluate
our intangible assets annually, or more often if there is a triggering event, to determine whether all or a portion of their carrying
value may no longer be recoverable, in which case a charge to earnings may be necessary. Any future evaluations requiring an asset impairment
charge for intangible assets would adversely affect future reported results of operations and stockholders’ equity, although such
charges would not affect our cash flow.
Our
outstanding warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
In
our IPO, we issued warrants to purchase 5,750,000 shares of common stock as part of the units offered in our IPO and, simultaneously
with the closing of our IPO, we issued in a private placement an aggregate of 502,500 private placement warrants contained in the private
placement units, each exercisable to purchase one-half of one share of common stock at $5.75 per half share. Additionally, in February
2021, we sold warrants to purchase up to 2,564,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $5.00 per share. Such warrants, if
and when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of our common stock and potentially reduce the value of
the outstanding shares of common stock.
We
may not be able to establish appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal
controls over financial reporting could lead to misstatements in our financial reporting and adversely affect our business.
As
a private company, 180 was not required to document and test its internal controls over financial reporting nor was its management required
to certify the effectiveness of internal controls and its auditors were not required to opine on the effectiveness of its internal control
over financial reporting. Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place to produce
accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort. The growth of our operations has created a need
for additional resources within the accounting and finance functions due to the increasing need to produce timely financial information
and to ensure the level of segregation of duties customary for a U.S. public company. Even after establishing internal controls, our
management does not expect that our internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how
well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.
No evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control
issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the business will have been detected.
Our
business has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
In
December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. In January 2020, COVID-19
spread to other parts of the word, including the United States and Europe, and efforts to contain its spread have intensified, with
varying degrees of success. As a result, businesses have closed and limits have been placed on travel and everyday activities. The extent
to which COVID-19 may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with
confidence, such as the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries,
business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain
and treat the disease. Should the COVID-19 pandemic continue, our plans could be delayed or interrupted. The spread of COVID-19 has also
created global economic uncertainty, which may cause partners, suppliers and potential customers to closely monitor their costs and reduce
their spending budget. The foregoing could materially adversely affect the clinical trials, supply chain, financial condition and financial
performance of our company.
Enrollment
of patients in our clinical trials, maintaining patients in our ongoing clinical trials, doing follow up visits with recruited patients
and collecting data have been, and may continue to be, delayed or limited as certain of our clinical trial sites limit their onsite staff
or temporarily close as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing government restrictions. In addition, patients may not be able
or willing to visit clinical trial sites for dosing or data collection purposes due to limitations on travel and physical distancing
imposed or recommended by federal or state governments or patients’ reluctance to visit the clinical trial sites during the pandemic.
These factors resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could delay or prevent the anticipated readouts from our clinical trials, which could
ultimately delay or prevent our ability to generate revenues and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Risks
Related to our Common Stock and Warrants
The
market price of our common stock has been extremely volatile and may continue to be volatile due to numerous circumstances beyond
our control.
The
market price of our common stock has fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, widely, due to many factors, some of which may be beyond
our control. These factors include, without limitation:
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comments
by securities analysts or other third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards
and social and other media;
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large
stockholders exiting their position in our securities or an increase or decrease in the short
interest in our securities;
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actual
or anticipated fluctuations in our financial and operating results;
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risks
and uncertainties associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;
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changes
in foreign currency exchange rates;
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the
commencement, enrollment or results of our planned or future clinical trials of our product
candidates or those of our competitors;
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the
success of competitive drugs or therapies;
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regulatory
or legal developments in the United States and other countries;
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the
success of competitive products or technologies;
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developments
or disputes concerning patent applications, issued patents or other proprietary rights;
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the
recruitment or departure of key personnel;
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the
level of expenses related to our product candidates or clinical development programs;
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the
results of our efforts to discover, develop, acquire or in-license additional product candidates;
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actual
or anticipated changes in estimates as to financial results, development timelines or recommendations
by securities analysts;
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our
inability to obtain or delays in obtaining adequate drug supply for any approved drug or
inability to do so at acceptable prices;
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disputes
or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters
and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies;
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significant
lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation;
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variations
in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;
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changes
in the structure of healthcare payment systems, including coverage and adequate reimbursement
for any approved drug;
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market
conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors;
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general
economic, political, and market conditions and overall fluctuations in the financial markets
in the United States and abroad; and
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investors’
general perception of us and our business.
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Stock
markets in general and our stock price in particular have recently experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often
been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies and our company. For example, on March 26, 2021, our
common stock experienced an intra-day trading high of $10.60 per share and a low of $6.72 per share. In addition, since the closing of
the Business Combination, the sale prices of our common stock has ranged from a high of $13.05 per share (on April 13, 2021) to a low
of $1.90 per share (on November 19, 2020). During this time, we have not experienced any material changes in our financial condition
or results of operations that would explain such price volatility or trading volume. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect
the trading price of our securities. Additionally, these and other external factors have caused and may continue to cause the market
price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent our stockholders from readily selling their
shares of our common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock.
Information
available in public media that is published by third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards and social and other media may
include statements not attributable to the Company and may not be reliable or accurate.
We
are aware of a large volume of information being disseminated by third parties relating to our operations, including in blogs, message
boards and social and other media. Such information as reported by third parties may not be accurate, may lead to significant volatility
in our securities and may ultimately result in our common stock or other securities declining in value.
A
significant number of our shares are eligible for sale and their sale or potential sale may depress the market price of our common stock.
Sales
of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public market could harm the market price of our common stock. Most of our
common stock is available for resale in the public market and we are also required to register for resale the 2,564,000 shares of common
stock and 2,564,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the PIPE Warrants, sold by us in a private transaction in February
2021 pursuant to the February SPA. If a significant number of shares were sold, such sales would increase the supply of our common stock,
thereby potentially causing a decrease in its price. Some or all of our shares of common stock may be offered from time to time in the
open market pursuant to effective registration statements and/or compliance with Rule 144 (which is available starting November 6, 2021,
subject to compliance with Rule 144, due to our status as a former “shell company”), which sales could have a depressive
effect on the market for our shares of common stock. Subject to certain restrictions, a person who has held restricted shares for a period
of six months may generally sell common stock into the market. The sale of a significant portion of such shares when such shares are
eligible for public sale may cause the value of our common stock to decline in value.
Certain
of our outstanding securities include lower priced and most favored nation rights.
A total of $316,111 of outstanding
convertible notes include rights to adjust the conversion price thereof, to the price of any securities we sell or issue in the future
(including convertible securities), which a price less than then conversion price thereof, subject to certain customary exceptions. Additionally,
such notes include a most favored nation right whereby such notes are deemed updated with any more favorable terms that of securities
we issue or sell in the future. Such lower priced and most favorable nation rights may make it harder or more costly for us to raise funding
in the future, may significantly lower the conversion price of, or material adjust the terms of, such applicable convertible notes, and/or
may cause significant dilution to existing stockholders.
There
may not be sufficient liquidity in the market for our securities in order for investors to sell their shares. The market price of our
common stock may continue to be volatile.
The
market price of our common stock will likely continue to be highly volatile. Some of the factors that may materially affect the market
price of our common stock are beyond our control, such as conditions or trends in the industry in which we operate or sales of our common
stock. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company which is relatively unknown
to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume,
and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company
such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable.
As
a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared
to a mature issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse
effect on share price. It is possible that a broader or more active public trading market for our common stock will not develop or be
sustained, or that trading levels will not continue. These factors may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock,
regardless of our performance. In addition, the public stock markets have experienced extreme price and trading volume volatility. This
volatility has significantly affected the market prices of securities of many companies for reasons frequently unrelated to the operating
performance of the specific companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Risks
Associated with Our Governing Documents and Delaware Law
Our
Certificate of Incorporation provides for indemnification of officers and directors at our expense and limits their liability, which
may result in a major cost to us and hurt the interests of our stockholders because corporate resources may be expended for the benefit
of officers or directors.
Our
Certificate of Incorporation provides for indemnification as follows: “To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation
is authorized to provide indemnification of, and advancement of expenses to, such agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to
which Delaware law permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through Bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or
other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise
permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, subject only to limits created by applicable Delaware law (statutory
or non-statutory), with respect to actions for breach of duty to the Corporation, its stockholders and others.”
We
have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, indemnification for liabilities arising under federal securities laws is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification for liabilities
arising under federal securities laws, other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling
person in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding, is asserted by a director, officer or controlling person in connection
with our activities, we will (unless in the opinion of our counsel, the matter has been settled by controlling precedent) submit
to a court of appropriate jurisdiction, the question whether indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. The legal process relating to this matter if it were to occur is likely
to be very costly and may result in us receiving negative publicity, either of which factors is likely to materially reduce the market
and price for our shares.
Our
Certificate of Incorporation contains a specific provision that limits the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the Company
and the Company’s stockholders and requires us, under certain circumstances, to indemnify officers, directors and employees.
The
limitation of monetary liability against our directors, officers and employees under Delaware law and the existence of indemnification
rights to them may result in substantial expenditures by us and may discourage lawsuits against our directors, officers and employees.
Our
Certificate of Incorporation contains a specific provision that limits the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the Company
and the Company’s stockholders. We also have contractual indemnification obligations under our employment and engagement agreements
with our executive officers and directors. The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in us incurring substantial expenditures
to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against our directors and officers, which the Company may be unable to recoup. These
provisions and resultant costs may also discourage us from bringing a lawsuit against our directors and officers for breaches of their
fiduciary duties and may similarly discourage the filing of derivative litigation by our stockholders against our directors and officers,
even though such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders.
Our
directors have the right to authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock and additional shares of our common stock.
Our
directors, within the limitations and restrictions contained in our Certificate of Incorporation and without further action by our stockholders,
have the authority to issue shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series and to fix the number of shares and the
relative rights, conversion rights, voting rights, and terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and any other preferences, special
rights and qualifications of any such series. Any issuance of shares of preferred stock could adversely affect the rights of holders
of our common stock. Should we issue additional shares of our common stock at a later time, each investor’s ownership interest
in our stock would be proportionally reduced.
Anti-takeover
provisions may impede the acquisition of the Company.
Certain
provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) have anti-takeover effects and may inhibit a non-negotiated merger or
other business combination. These provisions are intended to encourage any person interested in acquiring control of us to negotiate
with, and to obtain the approval of, our directors, in connection with such a transaction. As a result, certain of these provisions may
discourage a future acquisition of the Company, including an acquisition in which the stockholders might otherwise receive a premium
for their shares. In addition, we can also authorize “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by our board of
directors without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock.
Compliance,
Reporting and Listing Risks
We
incur significant costs to ensure compliance with U.S. and NASDAQ Capital Market reporting and corporate governance requirements.
We
incur significant costs associated with our public company reporting requirements and with applicable U.S. and NASDAQ Capital Market
corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other rules implemented by the SEC
and The NASDAQ Capital Market. The rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market include requiring us to maintain independent directors, comply
with other corporate governance requirements and pay annual listing and stock issuance fees. All of such SEC and NASDAQ obligations require
a commitment of additional resources including, but not limited, to additional expenses, and may result in the diversion of our senior
management’s time and attention from our day-to-day operations. We expect all of these applicable rules and regulations to significantly
increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time consuming and costly. We also expect that these
applicable rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance
and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar
coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors
or as executive officers.
We
will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a reporting company, and given our limited capital resources, such additional
costs may have an adverse impact on our profitability.
We
are an SEC-reporting company. The rules and regulations under the Exchange Act require reporting companies to provide periodic reports
with interactive data files, which require that we engage legal, accounting and auditing professionals, and eXtensible Business Reporting
Language (XBRL) and EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) service providers. The engagement of such services
can be costly, and we may continue to incur additional losses, which may adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern.
In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as a variety of related rules implemented by the SEC, have required changes in corporate
governance practices and generally increased the disclosure requirements of public companies. For example, as a result of being a reporting
company, we are required to file periodic and current reports and other information with the SEC and we have adopted policies regarding
disclosure controls and procedures and regularly evaluate those controls and procedures.
The
additional costs we continue to incur in connection with becoming a reporting company (expected to be several hundred thousand dollars
per year) will continue to further stretch our limited capital resources. Due to our limited resources, we have to allocate resources
away from other productive uses in order to continue to comply with our obligations as an SEC reporting company. Further, there is no
guarantee that we will have sufficient resources to continue to meet our reporting and filing obligations with the SEC as they come due.
We
may not be able to comply with NASDAQ’s continued listing standards.
Our
common stock and warrants trade on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols “ATNF” and “ATNFW,” respectively.
Notwithstanding such listing, there can be no assurance any broker will be interested in trading our securities. Therefore, it may be
difficult to sell your securities if you desire or need to sell them. Our underwriters are not obligated to make a market in our securities,
and even they do make a market, they can discontinue market making at any time without notice. Neither we nor the underwriters can provide
any assurance that an active and liquid trading market in our securities will develop or, if developed, that such market will continue.
There
is also no guarantee that we will be able to maintain our listings on The NASDAQ Capital Market for any period of time by perpetually
satisfying NASDAQ’s continued listing requirements. Our failure to continue to meet these requirements may result in our securities
being delisted from NASDAQ.
Among
the conditions required for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market, NASDAQ requires us to maintain at least $2.5 million in stockholders’
equity or $500,000 in net income over the prior two years or two of the prior three years, to have a majority of independent directors,
and to maintain a stock price over $1.00 per share. Our stockholders’ equity may not remain above NASDAQ’s $2.5 million minimum,
we may not generate over $500,000 of yearly net income, we may not be able to maintain independent directors, and we may not be able
to maintain a stock price over $1.00 per share.
Furthermore,
we are required to maintain a majority of independent directors and at least three members on our audit committee. On January 5, 2021,
we received a letter from the NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC that we were no longer in compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rules 5605(b)(1) and
5605(c)(2), which require that our board of directors be comprised of a majority of independent directors and that we have an Audit Committee
consisting of at least three independent members, respectively (the “Continued Listing Rules”). NASDAQ provided us
45 days, or until February 19, 2021, to submit to NASDAQ a plan detailing how we intended to regain compliance with the rules. We timely
submitted such plan and on March 1, 2021, we received notice from NASDAQ that we had been granted an extension until June 30, 2021 to
regain compliance with the Continued Listing Rules. On May 27, 2021 and June 10, 2021, we issued Current Reports on Form 8-K announcing
that four independent directors will be joining our Board effective on the earlier of (a) the business day following the filing of our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 with the SEC and (b) June 28, 2021. On June 28, 2021, we issued
another Current Report on Form 8-K announcing that two of such independent directors (Russell T. Ray, MBA, Teresa M. DeLuca, M.D., MBA)
will be joining our Board effective immediately following the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2020, and that the other two of such independent directors (Pamela G. Marrone, Ph.D. and Francis Knuettel II, MBA) will be joining
our Board effective on the earlier of (a) immediately following the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2021 and (b) July 2, 2021. As a result of the foregoing appointments to our Board, and related appointments to our Audit
Committee, we have been advised by Nasdaq that it has determined that we are in compliance with the above-noted NASDAQ Listing Rules,
and that this matter is now closed.
On
April 16, 2021, we received a notice from NASDAQ stating that we were not in compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) because we
had not yet filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 with the SEC by the required date such filing was
due. Under NASDAQ rules, we had 60 calendar days from the date of the NASDAQ notification letter, or until June 15, 2021, to file our
Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2020 with the SEC, which report was not filed by such required date.
On
May 19, 2021, we received another notice from NASDAQ stating that we were not in compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) because
we had not yet filed our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 (the “Q1 2021 Form 10-Q”) with
the SEC. Under NASDAQ rules, we had 60 calendar days from the date of the initial NASDAQ notification letter, relating to our Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, or until June 15, 2021, to file the Q1 2021 Form 10-Q with the SEC. If we were
unable to file the Q1 2021 Form 10-Q with the SEC by June 15, 2021, we were permitted to submit a plan to regain compliance with NASDAQ’s
listing rules on or prior to that date, which plan of compliance was submitted to NASDAQ.
On
June 22, 2021, we received notice from Nasdaq that we had been granted an extension until July 31, 2021, to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s
continued listing rule as relates to the untimely filings of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
and the Q1 2021 Form 10-Q. On July 9, 2021, we filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and
on July 19, 2021 we filed the Q1 2021 Form 10-Q, as a result of which filings, we believe
that we are currently in compliance with the above-noted NASDAQ Listing Rules.
If
we fail to comply with NASDAQ rules and requirements, our stock may be delisted. In addition, even if we demonstrate compliance with
the requirements above, we will have to continue to meet other objective and subjective listing requirements to continue to be listed
on The NASDAQ Capital Market. Delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market could make trading our common stock and/or warrants more difficult
for investors, potentially leading to declines in our share price and liquidity. Without a NASDAQ Capital Market listing, stockholders
may have a difficult time getting a quote for the sale or purchase of our stock, the sale or purchase of our stock would likely be made
more difficult and the trading volume and liquidity of our stock could decline. Delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market could also result
in negative publicity and could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital. The absence of such a listing may adversely
affect the acceptance of our common stock and/or warrants as currency or the value accorded by other parties. Further, if we are delisted,
we would also incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in connection with any sales of our securities. These requirements could
severely limit the market liquidity of our common stock and/or warrants and the ability of our stockholders to sell our common stock
and/or warrants in the secondary market. If our common stock and/or warrants are delisted by NASDAQ, our common stock and/or warrants
may be eligible to trade on an over-the-counter quotation system, such as the OTCQB Market, where an investor may find it more difficult
to sell our stock or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock and/or warrants. In the event our common stock
and/or warrants are delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market, we may not be able to list our common stock and/or warrants on another national
securities exchange or obtain quotation on an over-the counter quotation system.
We
have identified material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. If not remediated,
our failure to establish and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could
result in material misstatements in our financial statements and a failure to meet our reporting and financial obligations, each of which
could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the trading price of our common stock.
Maintaining
effective internal control over financial reporting and effective disclosure controls and procedures are necessary for us to produce
reliable financial statements. As reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, we have determined
that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. Separately, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, and determined that such internal control over financial reporting
were not effective as a result of such assessments. Such determinations were based in part, on our need to restate our financial statements
for the three and six and three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, because of errors in such financial statements,
which we believe were the result of misrepresentations by and actions of, and are the responsibility of, the management of KBL (none
of whom remain employed by the Company), which were identified after such financial statements were filed with the SEC in our quarterly
reports for the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, which restated financial statements have been filed to date.
A
material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is
a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented
or detected on a timely basis. A control deficiency exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees,
in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis.
Maintaining
effective disclosure controls and procedures and effective internal control over financial reporting are necessary for us to produce
reliable financial statements and the Company is committed to remediating its material weaknesses in such controls as promptly as possible.
However, there can be no assurance as to when these material weaknesses will be remediated or that additional material weaknesses will
not arise in the future. Any failure to remediate the material weaknesses, or the development of new material weaknesses in our internal
control over financial reporting, could result in material misstatements in our financial statements and cause us to fail to meet our
reporting and financial obligations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the trading price
of our common stock, and/or result in litigation against us or our management. In addition, even if we are successful in strengthening
our controls and procedures, those controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or facilitate the
fair presentation of our financial statements or our periodic reports filed with the SEC.
We
may experience adverse impacts on our reported results of operations as a result of adopting new accounting standards or interpretations.
Our
implementation of and compliance with changes in accounting rules, including new accounting rules and interpretations, could adversely
affect our reported financial position or operating results or cause unanticipated fluctuations in our reported operating results in
future periods.
Risks
Relating to The JOBS Act
The
JOBS Act allows us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations and to reduce the amount of information
provided in reports filed with the SEC. We cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to “emerging growth
companies” will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We
are and we will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year
during which our total annual revenues equal or exceed $1.07 billion (subject to adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of
the end of our 2022 fiscal year (5 years from our first public offering), (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year
period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt, or (iv) the date on which we are deemed a “large accelerated
filer” (with at least $700 million in public float) under the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an “emerging growth
company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable
to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” as described in further detail in the risk factors below.
We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on some or all of these exemptions. If
some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and
our stock price may be more volatile. If we avail ourselves of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements, as is currently
our plan, our reduced disclosure may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate us and may result in less
investor confidence.
Our
election not to opt out of the JOBS Act extended accounting transition period may not make our financial statements easily comparable
to other companies.
Pursuant
to the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company”, we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period for any new or
revised accounting standards that may be issued by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) or the SEC. We have elected
not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application
dates for public or private companies, we, as an “emerging growth company”, can adopt the standard for the private company.
This may make a comparison of our financial statements with any other public company which is not either an “emerging growth company”
nor an “emerging growth company” which has opted out of using the extended transition period, more difficult or impossible
as possible different or revised standards may be used.
The
JOBS Act also allows us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations intended to protect investors
and to reduce the amount of information provided in reports filed with the SEC.
The
JOBS Act is intended to reduce the regulatory burden on “emerging growth companies”. The Company meets the definition of
an “emerging growth company” and so long as it qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other
things:
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exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that its independent registered public accounting
firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting;
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be
exempt from the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain
executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve
golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of
The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) and certain disclosure requirements of
the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of Chief Executive Officers;
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be
permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act
and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and
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be
exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s
report on the financial statements.
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The
Company currently intends to take advantage of all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to it
so long as it qualifies as an “emerging growth company”. The Company has elected not to opt out of the extension of time
to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act. Among other things,
this means that the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to provide an attestation report
on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting so long as it qualifies as an “emerging growth
company”, which may increase the risk that weaknesses or deficiencies in the internal control over financial reporting go undetected.
Likewise, so long as it qualifies as an “emerging growth company”, the Company may elect not to provide certain information,
including certain financial information and certain information regarding compensation of executive officers, which it would otherwise
have been required to provide in filings with the SEC, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate
the Company. As a result, investor confidence in the Company and the market price of its common stock may be adversely affected.
Notwithstanding
the above, we are also currently a “smaller reporting company”, meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset-backed
issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company and have a public float of less than
$75 million and annual revenues of less than $50 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. In the event that we are still
considered a “smaller reporting company”, at such time are we cease being an “emerging growth company”, the disclosure
we will be required to provide in our SEC filings will increase, but will still be less than it would be if we were not considered either
an “emerging growth company” or a “smaller reporting company”. Specifically, similar to “emerging growth
companies”, “smaller reporting companies” are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their
filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public
accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other
decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited
financial statements in annual reports. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as an “emerging growth company”
or “smaller reporting company” may make it harder for investors to analyze the Company’s results of operations and
financial prospects.
General
Risk Factors
Provisions
in our Certificate of Incorporation and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing
to pay in the future for our common stock and could entrench management.
Our
Certificate of Incorporation contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to
be in their best interests. These provisions include a staggered board of directors and the ability of the board of directors to designate
the terms of and issue new series of preferred shares, which may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions
that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities. We are also subject to anti-takeover
provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together, these provisions may make more difficult the
removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices
for our securities.
Failure
to adequately manage our planned aggressive growth strategy may harm our business or increase our risk of failure.
For
the foreseeable future, we intend to pursue an aggressive growth strategy for the expansion of our operations through increased product
development and marketing. Our ability to rapidly expand our operations will depend upon many factors, including our ability to work
in a regulated environment, market value-added products effectively to independent pharmacies, establish and maintain strategic relationships
with suppliers, and obtain adequate capital resources on acceptable terms. Any restrictions on our ability to expand may have a materially
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Accordingly, we may be unable to achieve our targets
for sales growth, and our operations may not be successful or achieve anticipated operating results.
Additionally,
our growth may place a significant strain on our managerial, administrative, operational, and financial resources and our infrastructure.
Our future success will depend, in part, upon the ability of our senior management to manage growth effectively. This will require us
to, among other things:
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implement
additional management information systems;
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further
develop our operating, administrative, legal, financial, and accounting systems and controls;
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hire
additional personnel;
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develop
additional levels of management within our company;
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locate
additional office space;
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maintain
close coordination among our engineering, operations, legal, finance, sales and marketing, and client service and support organizations;
and
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manage
our expanding international operations.
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As
a result, we may lack the resources to deploy our services on a timely and cost-effective basis. Failure to accomplish any of these requirements
could impair our ability to deliver services in a timely fashion or attract and retain new customers.
Our
proprietary information, or that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, may be lost or we may suffer security breaches.
In
the ordinary course of our business, we expect to collect and store sensitive data, including valuable and commercially sensitive intellectual
property, clinical trial data, its proprietary business information and that of our future customers, suppliers and business partners,
and personally identifiable information of our customers, clinical trial subjects and employees, patients, in its data centers and on
our networks. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations. Despite our security
measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance
or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed,
lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under
laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, and cause
a loss of confidence in our products and our ability to conduct clinical trials, which could adversely affect our business and reputation
and lead to delays in gaining regulatory approvals for our future product candidates. Although we maintain business interruption insurance
coverage, our insurance might not cover all losses from any future breaches of our systems.
Failure
of our information technology systems, including cybersecurity attacks or other data security incidents, could significantly disrupt
the operation of our business.
Our
business increasingly depends on the use of information technologies, which means that certain key areas such as research and development,
production and sales are to a large extent dependent on our information systems or those of third-party providers. Our ability to execute
our business plan and to comply with regulators’ requirements with respect to data control and data integrity, depends, in part,
on the continued and uninterrupted performance of our information technology systems, or IT systems and the IT systems supplied by third-party
service providers. As information systems and the use of software and related applications by our company, our business partners, suppliers,
and customers become more cloud-based, there has been an increase in global cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats, including more
sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks that pose a risk to the security of our information systems and networks and the confidentiality,
availability and integrity of data and information. In addition, our IT systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, including
telecommunications or network failures, malicious human acts and natural disasters. Moreover, despite network security and backup measures,
some of our servers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptive problems.
Despite the precautionary measures we and our third-party service providers have taken to prevent unanticipated problems that could affect
our IT systems, a successful cybersecurity attack or other data security incident could result in the misappropriation and/or loss of
confidential or personal information, create system interruptions, or deploy malicious software that attacks our systems. It is also
possible that a cybersecurity attack might not be noticed for some period of time. In addition, sustained or repeated system failures
or problems arising during the upgrade of any of our IT systems that interrupt our ability to generate and maintain data, and in particular
to operate our proprietary technology platform, could adversely affect our ability to operate our business. The occurrence of a cybersecurity
attack or incident could result in business interruptions from the disruption of our IT systems, or negative publicity resulting in reputational
damage with our stockholders and other stakeholders and/or increased costs to prevent, respond to or mitigate cybersecurity events. In
addition, the unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information or proprietary or confidential information could expose us
or other third-parties to regulatory fines or penalties, litigation and potential liability, or otherwise harm our business.
We
may acquire other companies which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and
otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.
We
may in the future seek to acquire businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our product offerings,
enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention
of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not
they are consummated. If we acquire additional businesses, we may not be able to integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies
successfully, effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition or realize anticipated cost savings or synergies. We
also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:
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incurrence
of acquisition-related costs;
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diversion
of management’s attention from other business concerns;
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unanticipated
costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition;
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harm
to our existing business relationships with collaboration partners as a result of the acquisition;
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harm
to our brand and reputation;
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the
potential loss of key employees;
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use
of resources that are needed in other parts of its business; and
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use
of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisition.
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In
the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results arising from
the impairment assessment process. Acquisitions may also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt,
which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business,
results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
If
we make any acquisitions, they may disrupt or have a negative impact on our business.
If
we make acquisitions in the future, funding permitting, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all, we could have difficulty
integrating the acquired company’s assets, personnel and operations with our own. We do not anticipate that any acquisitions or
mergers we may enter into in the future would result in a change of control of the Company. In addition, the key personnel of the acquired
business may not be willing to work for us. We cannot predict the effect expansion may have on our core business. Regardless of whether
we are successful in making an acquisition, the negotiations could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees
and increase our expenses. In addition to the risks described above, acquisitions are accompanied by a number of inherent risks, including,
without limitation, the following:
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the
difficulty of integrating acquired products, services or operations;
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the
potential disruption of the ongoing businesses and distraction of our management and the management of acquired companies;
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difficulties
in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies;
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the
potential impairment of relationships with employees and customers as a result of any integration of new management personnel;
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the
potential inability or failure to achieve additional sales and enhance our customer base through cross-marketing of the products
to new and existing customers;
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the
effect of any government regulations which relate to the business acquired;
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potential
unknown liabilities associated with acquired businesses or product lines, or the need to spend significant amounts to retool, reposition
or modify the marketing and sales of acquired products or operations, or the defense of any litigation, whether or not successful,
resulting from actions of the acquired company prior to our acquisition; and
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potential
expenses under the labor, environmental and other laws of various jurisdictions.
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Our
business could be severely impaired if and to the extent that we are unable to succeed in addressing any of these risks or other problems
encountered in connection with an acquisition, many of which cannot be presently identified. These risks and problems could disrupt our
ongoing business, distract our management and employees, increase our expenses and adversely affect our results of operations.
We
may apply working capital and future funding to uses that ultimately do not improve our operating results or increase the value of our
securities.
In
general, we have complete discretion over the use of our working capital and any new investment capital we may obtain in the future.
Because of the number and variety of factors that could determine our use of funds, our ultimate expenditure of funds (and their uses) may
vary substantially from our current intended operating plan for such funds.
We
intend to use existing working capital and future funding to support the development of our products and services, product purchases
in our wholesale distribution division, the expansion of our marketing, or the support of operations to educate our customers. We will
also use capital for market and network expansion, acquisitions, and general working capital purposes. However, we do not have more specific
plans for the use and expenditure of our capital. Our management has broad discretion to use any or all of our available capital reserves.
Our capital could be applied in ways that do not improve our operating results or otherwise increase the value of a stockholder’s
investment.
We
have never paid or declared any dividends on our common stock.
We
have never paid or declared any dividends on our common stock or preferred stock. Likewise, we do not anticipate paying, in the near
future, dividends or distributions on our common stock. Any future dividends on common stock will be declared at the discretion of our
board of directors and will depend, among other things, on our earnings, our financial requirements for future operations and growth,
and other facts as we may then deem appropriate. Since we do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock, return on your
investment, if any, will depend solely on an increase, if any, in the market value of our common stock.
Stockholders
may be diluted significantly through our efforts to obtain financing and satisfy obligations through the issuance of additional shares
of our common stock.
Wherever
possible, our board of directors will attempt to use non-cash consideration to satisfy obligations. In many instances, we believe that
the non-cash consideration will consist of restricted shares of our common stock or where shares are to be issued to our officers, directors
and applicable consultants. Our board of directors has authority, without action or vote of the stockholders, but subject to NASDAQ rules
and regulations (which generally require stockholder approval for any transactions which would result in the issuance of more than 20%
of our then outstanding shares of common stock or voting rights representing over 20% of our then outstanding shares of stock), to issue
all or part of the authorized but unissued shares of common stock. In addition, we may attempt to raise capital by selling shares of
our common stock, possibly at a discount to market. These actions will result in dilution of the ownership interests of existing stockholders,
which may further dilute common stock book value, and that dilution may be material. Such issuances may also serve to enhance existing
management’s ability to maintain control of the Company because the shares may be issued to parties or entities committed to supporting
existing management.
Our
growth depends in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.
In
order to grow our business, we anticipate that we will need to continue to depend on our relationships with third parties, including
our technology providers. Identifying partners, and negotiating and documenting relationships with them, requires significant time and
resources. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their products or services, or utilization
of, our products and services. In addition, acquisitions of our partners by our competitors could result in a decrease in the number
of our current and potential customers. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with third parties, our
ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenue could be impaired and our results of operations may suffer. Even if we are
successful, we cannot assure you that these relationships will result in increased customer use of our products or increased revenue.
Claims,
litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We
are currently subject to, and expect to continue to be regularly subject to, actual and threatened claims, litigation, reviews, investigations,
and other proceedings. Any of these types of proceedings may have an adverse effect on us because of legal costs, disruption of our operations,
diversion of management resources, negative publicity, and other factors. Our current legal proceedings are described in “Note
14. Commitments and Contingencies”, under the heading “Litigation and Other Loss Contingencies”, in the consolidated
financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 included in this prospectus beginning on page F-1. The outcomes of these
matters are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. Determining legal reserves and possible losses from such
matters involves judgment and may not reflect the full range of uncertainties and unpredictable outcomes. Until the final resolution
of such matters, we may be exposed to losses in excess of the amount recorded, and such amounts could be material. Should any of our
estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, it could have a material effect on our business, consolidated financial
position, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, it is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings, including
as a result of a settlement, could require us to make substantial future payments, prevent us from offering certain products or services,
require us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business, requiring development of non-infringing or
otherwise altered products or technologies, damaging our reputation, or otherwise having a material effect on our operations.
For
all of the foregoing reasons and others set forth herein, an investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.
USE
OF PROCEEDS
We
will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in this offering. The selling stockholders will receive
all of the proceeds from this offering. However, we may receive proceeds in the aggregate amount of up to approximately $12.8 million
if all of the PIPE Warrants are exercised for cash and we may receive proceeds in the aggregate amount of up to approximately $69.0 million
if all of the Public Warrants are exercised for cash. We cannot predict when, or if, the warrants will be exercised. It is possible that
the warrants may expire and may never be exercised for cash. We intend to use any proceeds from the exercise of the warrants for general
corporate and working capital purposes. Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from the exercise of the PIPE
Warrants and the Public Warrants.
The
selling stockholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the selling stockholders for brokerage,
accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the selling stockholders in disposing of the shares. We will bear
all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus, including all registration
and filing fees, and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accountants.
MARKET
PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Market
Information
Our
common stock, warrants, rights and units were previously listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols “KBLM”, “KBLMW”,
“KBLMR” and “KBLMU”, respectively. Our units commenced public trading on April 7, 2017 and our common stock,
warrants and rights each commenced separate public trading on May 2, 2017. Our units automatically separated into the component securities
upon consummation of the Business Combination and, as a result, no longer trade as a separate security, and our common stock and warrants
began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols “ATNF” and “ATNFW,” respectively. Prior the Closing
of the Business Combination, each unit consisted of one share of our common stock, one right convertible into 1/10th of one share of
our common stock, and one warrant to purchase one half of one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per whole share.
Holders
As
of July 16, 2021, there were 30,768,873 shares of common stock issued and outstanding held by 112 holders of record, and 8,628,908 shares
of common stock underlying 14,630,158 warrants outstanding to purchase shares of our common stock, with a weighted average exercise price
of $9.52 per share, held by 19 holders of record.
Securities
Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
We
have reserved 3,718,140 shares of our common stock for grant under our 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“OIP”), of which 1,877,320
shares are available for future awards as of the date of this prospectus. The OIP is intended to be a vital component of our compensation
program and the primary equity plan we use to grant equity-based incentive awards to our directors, officers, employees and consultants.
Our Board believes that granting equity awards under the OIP will serve to align the interests of the key services providers of our company
and its subsidiaries with our stockholders, and that it would be in the best interest of our company and its stockholders to make such
grants.
Dividend
Policy
We
have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the operation of our business and for general corporate purposes.
Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, investors must rely
on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their
investments.
Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities
The
disclosures below include information on recent sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended December 31, 2020 and
from the period from January 1, 2021 to the date of this prospectus, and do not include information which has previously been included
in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or in a Current Report on Form 8-K:
In
November 2020:
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250,000
restricted shares of common stock were issued to broker-dealers to satisfy past obligations
arising from advisory work;
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63,269
restricted shares of common stock were issued to insiders (Sir Marc Feldmann and Lawrence
Steinman) as a result of conversion of $239,320 of convertible debt; and
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10,360
restricted shares of common stock were issued to non-related parties as a result of conversion
of $39,189 of convertible debt.
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In February 2021:
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On February 10, 2021, we entered into amended loan agreements to modify
the terms of certain loan agreements in the aggregate principal amount of $432,699, previously entered into with Sir Marc Feldmann and
Dr. Lawrence Steinman, the Co-Executive Chairmen of the Board of Directors. The loan agreements were extended and modified to be paid
back at our discretion, either by 1) repayment in cash, or 2) by converting the outstanding amounts into shares of common stock at the
same price per share as the next financing transaction. Subsequently, on February 25, 2021, and effective as of the date of the original
February 10, 2021 amendments, we determined that such amendments were entered into in error and each of Sir Feldmann and Dr. Steinman
rescinded such February 10, 2021 amendments pursuant to their entry into Confirmations of Rescission acknowledgements. On April 12, 2021,
we entered into amended loan agreements with Sir Feldmann and Dr. Steinman, which extended the date of all of their outstanding loan agreements
to September 30, 2021.
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In
March 2021:
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We
issued 158,383 shares of common stock upon the conversion of $432,384 of outstanding convertible
notes at a conversion price of $2.73 per share, pursuant to the terms of such notes;
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14,195
restricted shares of common stock were issued to a consultant for investor relations services
rendered;
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We
issued 1,815 shares of common stock to an external consultant for investor relations services
to be rendered;
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We
issued 22,870 shares of common stock to external consultants of our company for services
rendered, at a price of $6.34 per share; and
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2,503
restricted shares of common stock were issued for director fees due to Donald A. McGovern, Jr., our lead independent director, in consideration
for services rendered;
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2,101 restricted shares of common stock were issued for director fees due to Larry Gold, an independent director, in consideration for services rendered; and
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100,699 restricted shares of common stock were issued for services rendered in connection with a Bonus to Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal, our Chairman of our Clinical Advisory Committee.
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In April 2021:
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We issued 37,715 shares of common stock to Dr. Jagdeep Nanchahal, a consultant, pursuant to the terms of his consulting agreement, as partial consideration for a bonus owed to Dr. Nanchahal.
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*
* * * *
We
claim an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act, for such issuances
described above, since the foregoing issuances did not involve a public offering, the recipients were (a) “accredited investors”;
and/or (b) had access to similar documentation and information as would be required in a Registration Statement under the Securities
Act. The securities were offered without any general solicitation by us or our representatives. The securities are subject to transfer
restrictions, and the certificates evidencing the securities contain an appropriate legend stating that such securities have not been
registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold absent registration or pursuant to an exemption therefrom and such
securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities
Act and any applicable state securities laws.
We
claim an exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, for such note conversions, as the securities
were exchanged by us with our existing security holders in transactions where no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly
or indirectly for soliciting such exchange.
Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Special
Voting Shares
We
have two classes of preferred stock designated, named our Class C Special Voting Shares and our Class K Special Voting Shares (collectively,
the “Special Voting Shares”), with the rights and preferences specified below.
The
Special Voting Shares have a par value of $0.0001 per share. The rights and preferences of each Special Voting Shares consists of the
following:
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The
right to vote in all circumstances in which our common stock have the right to vote, with
the common stock as one class;
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The
Special Voting Shares entitle the holder, Odyssey Trust Company (the Trustee), to an aggregate
number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock that were issuable to the holders
of the previously outstanding shares of CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC and/or Katexco Purchaseco
ULC, Canadian subsidiaries of 180 (the “Exchangeable Shares”);
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The
holder of the Special Voting Shares (and, indirectly, the holders of the Exchangeable Shares)
has the same rights as the holders of the common stock as to notices, reports, financial
statements and attendance at all stockholder meetings;
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No
entitlement to dividends;
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The
holder of the Special Voting Shares is not entitled to any portion of any related distribution
upon windup, dissolution or liquidation of the Company; and
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We
may cancel the Special Voting Shares when there are no Exchangeable Shares outstanding and
no option or other commitment of CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC and Katexco Purchaseco ULC which
could require either CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC and Katexco Purchaseco ULC to issue more Exchangeable
Shares.
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As
set forth above, the holders of the Exchangeable Shares, through the applicable Special Voting Share, have voting rights and other attributes
corresponding to the Common Stock. The Exchangeable Shares provide an opportunity for certain former Canadian resident holders of CBR
Pharma or Katexco securities to obtain a deferral of taxable capital gains for Canadian income tax purposes in connection with the Reorganization.
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND
RESULTS OF OPERATION
The
following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of our company should be read in conjunction with
our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this prospectus.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (the “MD&A”)
contains statements that are forward-looking. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information” above.
Actual results could differ materially because of the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” elsewhere in this prospectus, and
other factors that we may not know.
Organization
of MD&A
This
MD&A is provided in addition to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to assist readers in understanding our
results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. This MD&A is organized as follows:
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Business
Overview and Recent Events. A summary of the Company’s business and certain recent
events.
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Significant
Financial Statement Components. A summary of the Company’s significant financial
statement components.
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Results
of Operations. An analysis of our financial results comparing the twelve months ended
December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
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Liquidity
and Capital Resources. An analysis of changes in our balance sheets and cash flows and
discussion of our financial condition.
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Critical
Accounting Policies. Accounting estimates that we believe are important to understanding
the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results and forecasts.
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Business
Overview and Recent Events
On
November 6, 2020 (“Closing Date”), the previously announced Business Combination was consummated following a special
meeting of stockholders, where the stockholders of KBL considered and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt the Business
Combination Agreement. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, Merger Sub merged with 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving
entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of KBL. As part of the Business Combination, KBL issued 17,500,000 shares of common stock
and equivalents to the stockholders of 180, in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of 180. The Business Combination became
effective November 6, 2020 and 180 filed a Certificate of Amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation in Delaware to change its name
to 180 Life Corp., and KBL changed its name to 180 Life Sciences Corp.
This
MD&A and the related financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2021 included
in this prospectus primarily covers the historical operations of 180 to the Closing Date (November 6, 2020) and then the combined operations
of the two entities from the Closing Date thereafter. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with the
assets and liabilities of KBL being consolidated commencing with the Closing Date. Thus, the results of operations for the year ended
December 31, 2020 only include the combined results after the Closing Date. See “Note 5 - Business Combination” to the accompanying
Consolidated Financial Statements included in this prospectus.
This
MD&A and the related financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily covers the historical operations of Katexco
to the date of combination on July 16, 2019 and then for the combined operations of the three operating entities from the Closing Date
to December 31, 2020. The Reorganization was accounted for as a reverse merger with the assets and liabilities of CBR Pharma and 180
LP valued and recorded as of the Closing Date under purchase accounting. Thus, the results of operations for the year ended December
31, 2020, only include the combined results after the Closing Date. See “Note 4 - Reorganization and Recapitalization” to
the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements included in this prospectus.
Following
the Closing of the Business Combination, we transitioned our operations to those of 180, which is a clinical stage biotechnology company
headquartered in Palo Alto, California, focused on the development of therapeutics for unmet medical needs in chronic pain, inflammation,
fibrosis and other inflammatory diseases, where anti-TNF therapy will provide a clear benefit to patients, by employing innovative research,
and, where appropriate, combination therapy. We have three product development platforms:
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fibrosis
and anti-tumor necrosis factor (“TNF”);
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drugs
which are derivatives of cannabidiol (“CBD”); and
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alpha
7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (“α7nAChR”).
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We
have several future product candidates in development, including one product candidate in a Phase 2b clinical trial in the United Kingdom
for Dupuytren’s disease, a condition that affects the development of fibrous connective tissue in the palm of the hand. 180 was
founded by several world-leading scientists in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors.
We
intend to invest resources to successfully complete the clinical programs that are underway, discover new drug candidates, and develop
new molecules to build up on its existing pipeline to address unmet clinical needs. The product candidates are designed via a platform
comprised of defined unit operations and technologies. This work is performed in a research and development environment that evaluates
and assesses variability in each step of the process in order to define the most reliable production conditions.
We
may rely on third-party CMOs and other third parties for the manufacturing and processing of the product candidates in the future. We
believe the use of contract manufacturing and testing for the first clinical product candidates is cost-effective and has allowed us
to rapidly prepare for clinical trials in accordance with its development plans. We expect that third-party manufacturers will be capable
of providing and processing sufficient quantities of these product candidates to meet anticipated clinical trial demands.
COVID-19
Pandemic
In
December 2019, a new strain of the coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in Mainland China and during the first quarter of 2020
the virus had spread to over 150 countries, resulting in a global pandemic. This COVID-19 pandemic and the public health
responses to contain it have resulted in global recessionary conditions, which did not exist at December 31, 2019. Among other effects,
government-mandated closures, stay-at-home orders and other related measures have significantly impacted global economic activity
and business investment in general. A continuation or worsening of the levels of market disruption and volatility seen in the recent
past could have an adverse effect on our ability to access capital, and on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have been closely monitoring the developments and have taken active measures to protect the
health of our employees, their families, and our communities. The ultimate impact on the 2021 fiscal year and beyond will depend
heavily on the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health responses, including government-mandated closures, stay-at-home orders
and social distancing mandates, as well as the substance and pace of macroeconomic recovery, all of which are uncertain and difficult
to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health responses to contain it.
As of March 31, 2021, only the follow-up time for patient date for the Phase 2b Dupuytren’s disease clinical trial has been delayed
as a result of COVID-19, but such follow-up is not completed. However, COVID-19 may delay the initiation of certain clinical trials.
Close
of Business Combination
On
November 6, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated the previously announced Business Combination following a
special meeting of stockholders held on November 5, 2020, where the stockholders of the Company considered and approved, among other
matters, a proposal to adopt the Business Combination Agreement (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”), dated
as of July 25, 2019. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, a subsidiary of the Company merged with and
into 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). The Merger
became effective on November 6, 2020. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of 180. All of 180’s
capital stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger was exchanged for (i) 15,736,348 shares of 180LS common stock, (ii) 2 shares
of Class C and Class K Special Voting Shares exchangeable into 1,763,652 shares of 180LS common stock which are presented as outstanding
in the accompanying Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) due to the reverse recapitalization. The Company’s
6,928,645 outstanding shares of common stock are presented as being issued on the date of the Business Combination.
Financing
On
February 19, 2021, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “February SPA”) with the purchasers identified on
the signature pages thereto (the “Purchasers”) pursuant to which we agreed to sell to the Purchasers an aggregate of 2,564,000
shares (the “Shares”) of common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares of common stock (the
“PIPE Warrants”), at a combined purchase price of $4.55 per Share and accompanying PIPE Warrant (the “Offering”).
Aggregate gross proceeds from the Offering were approximately $11.7 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering
expenses payable by us. Net proceeds to us from the Offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses
payable by us, were approximately $10.8 million. The Offering closed on February 23, 2021.
The
PIPE Warrants have an exercise price equal to $5.00, were immediately exercisable and are subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments
for stock splits or dividends or other similar transactions. However, the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants will not be subject to
adjustment as a result of subsequent equity issuances at effective prices lower than the then-current exercise price. The PIPE Warrants
are exercisable until February 23, 2026. The PIPE Warrants are subject to a provision prohibiting the exercise of such PIPE Warrants
to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, the holder of such PIPE Warrant (together with the holder’s affiliates,
and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder’s affiliates), would beneficially own in
excess of 4.99% of the outstanding common stock (which may be increased to 9.99% on a holder by holder basis, with 61 days prior written
consent of the applicable holder).
In
connection with the Offering, we also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2021, with the Purchasers
(the “Registration Rights Agreement”). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to file a registration statement
with the SEC on or prior to April 24, 2021 to register the resale of the Shares and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise
of the PIPE Warrants (the “PIPE Warrant Shares”), and to cause such registration statement to be declared effective on or
prior to June 23, 2021 (or, in the event of a “full review” by the SEC, August 22, 2021). We are currently in default
of the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement as we were unable to file the registration statement by April 24, 2021. As a result
of this default, we are is required to pay damages to the Purchasers in the aggregate amount of $174,993 each month, up to a maximum
of $583,310, beginning on April 24, 2021 and until such date that the registration statement is filed with the SEC.
We
agreed in the February SPA that, until the earlier of (1) thirty (30) days after the date on which the registration statement that is
filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement to register the resale by the Purchasers of the Shares and the PIPE Warrant Shares
is declared effective by the SEC (such date, the “Effective Date”) and (2) thirty (30) days after such date that the Shares
may be sold without limitation pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, neither our company nor any subsidiary thereof would (i)
issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of common stock (or common stock
equivalents) or (ii) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto, in each case other than (A) as contemplated
pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement and (B) as contemplated by that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 12, 2020,
by and between our company and the parties signatory thereto.
Each
of our directors and executive officers has entered into a lock-up agreement with our company in connection with the Offering (each,
a “Lock-Up Agreement”). Under the Lock-Up Agreements, from the date of the lock-up agreements until the earlier of
(x) sixty (60) days after the Effective Date and (y) November 6, 2021, the directors and executive officers will not offer, sell, contract
to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected
to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise) by
the director or executive officer), directly or indirectly, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease
a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, with respect to, any shares of common stock or securities
convertible, exchangeable or exercisable into, shares of common stock, subject to limited exceptions.
Maxim
Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) acted as exclusive placement agent in connection with the Offering pursuant to an
Engagement Letter between our company and the Placement Agent dated January 26, 2021 (together with the amendment letter dated February
18, 2021 (such amendment letter, the “Amendment Letter”), the “Engagement Letter”). The Engagement
Letter provides, among other things, that the Placement Agent will receive a commission equal to seven percent (7%) of the aggregate
gross proceeds of the Offering.
The
Engagement Letter and the February SPA contain customary representations and warranties, agreements and obligations, conditions to closing
and termination provisions. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Engagement Letter and the February SPA were
made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to the Engagement Letter
and the February SPA, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.
Conversion
of Bridge Notes
On
March 8, 2021, the holders of the Company’s convertible bridge notes, which were issued in December 27, 2019 and January 3, 2020
to various purchasers, converted an aggregate of $432,384, which included accrued interest of $66,633 owed under such convertible bridge
notes, into an aggregate of 158,383 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of such notes, as amended, at a conversion price of
$2.73 per share.
Convertible
Debt Conversions
From
November 27, 2020 to February 5, 2021, the holders of the Company’s convertible promissory notes converted an aggregate of $4,782,107
owed under such convertible notes into an aggregate of 1,986,751 shares of common stock, pursuant to the terms of such notes, as amended,
at conversion prices of between $2.00 and $3.29 per share.
Preferred
Stock
On
November 6, 2020, the Company issued Series A convertible preferred stock for gross proceeds of $3,000,000. From November 27, 2020 to
December 18, 2020, the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock converted an aggregate conversion amount of $3,666,667 into
an aggregate of 1,619,144 shares of common stock, pursuant to the terms of the agreement, as amended, at conversion prices of between
$2.24 and $2.31 per share.
We
claim an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act, for such issuances
described above, since the foregoing issuances did not involve a public offering, the recipients were (a) “accredited investors”;
and/or (b) had access to similar documentation and information as would be required in a Registration Statement under the Securities
Act. The securities were offered without any general solicitation by us or our representatives. The securities are subject to transfer
restrictions, and the certificates evidencing the securities contain an appropriate legend stating that such securities have not been
registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold absent registration or pursuant to an exemption therefrom and such
securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities
Act and any applicable state securities laws.
We
claim an exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, for such note conversions, as the securities
were exchanged by us with our existing security holders in transactions where no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly
or indirectly for soliciting such exchange.
See
Note 18 – Subsequent Events to the audited financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2020 included in this prospectus
for a more detailed discussion of these matters and other events subsequent to December 31, 2020.
Significant
Financial Statement Components
Research
and Development
To
date, 180’s research and development expenses have related primarily to discovery efforts and preclinical and clinical development
of its three product platforms: fibrosis and anti-TNF; drugs which are derivatives of CBD, and α7nAChR. Research and development
expenses consist primarily of costs associated with those three product platforms, which include:
|
●
|
expenses
incurred under agreements with 180’s collaboration partners and third-party contract
organizations, investigative clinical trial sites that conduct research and development activities
on its behalf, and consultants;
|
|
●
|
costs
related to production of clinical materials, including fees paid to contract manufacturers;
|
|
●
|
laboratory
and vendor expenses related to the execution of preclinical and clinical trials;
|
|
●
|
employee-related
expenses, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation; and
|
|
●
|
facilities
and other expenses, which include expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, depreciation
and amortization expense and other supplies.
|
We
expense all research and development costs in the periods in which they are incurred. We accrue for costs incurred as services are provided
by monitoring the status of each project and the invoices received from its external service providers. We adjust our accrual as actual
costs become known. When contingent milestone payments are owed to third parties under research and development arrangements or license
agreements, the milestone payment obligations are expensed when the milestone results are achieved.
Research
and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have
higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage
clinical trials. We expect that research and development expenses will increase over the next several years as clinical programs progress
and as we seek to initiate clinical trials of additional product candidates. It is also expected that increased research and development
expenses will be incurred as additional product candidates are selectively identified and developed. However, it is difficult to determine
with certainty the duration and completion costs of current or future preclinical programs and clinical trials of product candidates.
The
duration, costs and timing of clinical trials and development of product candidates will depend on a variety of factors that include,
but are not limited to, the following:
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●
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per
patient trial costs;
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|
●
|
the
number of patients that participate in the trials;
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●
|
the
number of sites included in the trials;
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●
|
the
countries in which the trials are conducted;
|
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●
|
the
length of time required to enroll eligible patients;
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●
|
the
number of doses that patients receive;
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●
|
the
drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients;
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●
|
potential
additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;
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●
|
the
duration of patient follow-up;
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●
|
and
the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidates.
|
In
addition, the probability of success for each product candidate will depend on numerous factors, including competition, manufacturing
capability and commercial viability. We will determine which programs to pursue and fund in response to the scientific and clinical success
of each product candidate, as well as an assessment of each product candidate’s commercial potential.
Because
the product candidates are still in clinical and preclinical development and the outcome of these efforts is uncertain, we cannot estimate
the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development and commercialization of product candidates or whether, or when,
we may achieve profitability. Due to the early-stage nature of these programs, we do not track costs on a project-by-project basis. As
these programs become more advanced, we intend to track the external and internal cost of each program.
General
and Administrative
General
and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other staff-related costs, including stock-based compensation for shares
of common stock issued to founders for personnel in executive, commercial, finance, accounting, legal, investor relations, facilities,
business development and human resources functions and include vesting conditions.
Other
significant general and administrative costs include costs relating to facilities and overhead costs, legal fees relating to corporate
and patent matters, insurance, investor relations costs, fees for accounting and consulting services, and other general and administrative
costs. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred, and we accrue amounts for services provided by third parties related
to the above expenses by monitoring the status of services provided and receiving estimates from our service providers and adjusting
our accruals as actual costs become known.
It
is expected that the general and administrative expenses will increase over the next several years to support our continued research
and development activities, potential manufacturing activities, potential commercialization of its product candidates and the increased
costs of operating as a public company. These increases are anticipated to include increased costs related to the hiring of additional
personnel, developing commercial infrastructure, fees to outside consultants, lawyers and accountants, and increased costs associated
with being a public company, as well as expenses related to services associated with maintaining compliance with NASDAQ listing rules
and SEC requirements, insurance and investor relations costs.
Other
Income
Other
income primarily represents fees earned for research and development work performed for other companies, some of which are related parties.
Interest
Expense
Interest
expense consists primarily of interest expense related to debt instruments.
Gain
(Loss) on Extinguishment of Convertible Notes
Gain
(loss) on extinguishment of convertible notes represents the shortfall (excess) of the reacquisition cost of convertible notes as compared
to their carrying value.
Change
in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
Change
in fair value of derivative liabilities represents the non-cash change in fair value of derivative liabilities during the reporting period.
Offering
Costs Allocated to Warrant Liabilities
Change
in offering costs allocated to warrant liabilities represents placement agent fees and offering expenses which were allocated to the
PIPE Warrants and expensed immediately as they are liability classified.
Change
in Fair Value of Accrued Issuable Equity
Change
in fair value of accrued issuable equity represents the non-cash change in fair value of accrued equity prior to its formal issuance.
CONSOLIDATED
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated
Results of Operations
For
the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
2020
|
|
Operating Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
$
|
99,899
|
|
|
$
|
472,862
|
|
Research and development - related parties
|
|
|
267,053
|
|
|
|
30,605
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,542,231
|
|
|
|
995,328
|
|
General and administrative - related parties
|
|
|
39,120
|
|
|
|
68,067
|
|
Total Operating Expenses
|
|
|
2,948,303
|
|
|
|
1,566,862
|
|
Loss From Operations
|
|
|
(2,948,303
|
)
|
|
|
(1,566,862
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (Expense) Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on settlement of payables and accrued expenses
|
|
|
723,764
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other income - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
240,000
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(112,933
|
)
|
|
|
(152,916
|
)
|
Interest expense - related parties
|
|
|
(13,949
|
)
|
|
|
(19,848
|
)
|
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes payable, net
|
|
|
(9,737
|
)
|
|
|
(886,736
|
)
|
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
(13,229,308
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Offering costs allocated to warrant liabilities
|
|
|
(604,118
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
(9,405
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Total Other Expense, Net
|
|
|
(13,255,686
|
)
|
|
|
(819,500
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss Before Income Taxes
|
|
|
(16,203,989
|
)
|
|
|
(2,386,362
|
)
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
5,404
|
|
|
|
5,102
|
|
Net Loss
|
|
$
|
(16,198,585
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,381,260
|
)
|
Research
and Development
We
incurred research and development expenses of $99,899 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $472,862 for the three months
ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease of $372,963 or 79%. The decrease is primarily attributable to a $217,000 decrease in research
and development expenses related to the temporary halting of drug discovery services in 2020 provided by Evotec International GmbH in
connection with a research and development agreement until the Company raises additional capital, as well as approximately $158,000 of
research tax credits earned during the first quarter of 2021.
Research
and Development – Related Parties
We incurred research and development
expenses – related parties of $267,053 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $30,605 for the three months ended
March 31, 2020, representing an increase of $236,448 or 773%. The increase is primarily attributable to approximately $430,000 of fees
and bonuses accrued in connection with a consulting agreement with a founder of 180 Therapeutics, LP that became effective on December
1, 2020 for research in connection with the Company’s product candidate for the treatment of Duyuytren’s disease, offset by
approximately $190,000 of research tax credits earned during the first quarter of 2021.
General
and Administrative
We incurred general and administrative
expenses of $2,542,231 and $995,328 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing an increase of $1,546,903
or 155%. Increases of (i) approximately $283,000 in compensation expenses and approximately $248,000 insurance expense primarily resulting
from expenses incurred by the acquired entity (180LS) and (ii) approximately $1,221,000 of stock-based compensation expense were partially
offset by decreases of approximately $209,000 in professional fees and consulting expenses.
General
and Administrative – Related Parties
We
incurred general and administrative expenses – related parties of $39,120 and $68,067 respectively for the three months ended March
31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing a decrease of $28,947 or 43%, resulting from an increase in related party consulting fees
during the period.
Other
Expenses, Net
We incurred other expenses,
net of $13,255,686 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to $819,500 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing
an increase in other expenses of $12,436,186 or 1,518%. The increase was primarily attributable to the change in fair value of derivative
liabilities of $13,229,308 and offering costs allocated to warrant liabilities of $604,118, partially offset by $723,764 of gains recognized
related to the settlement of certain accounts payable and accrued expenses, and a decrease in the loss on extinguishment of convertible
notes payable of $876,999.
For
the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2019
|
|
For
the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Operating
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
$
|
2,217,371
|
|
|
$
|
1,981,299
|
|
Research
and development - related parties
|
|
|
75,633
|
|
|
|
54,020
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
3,169,260
|
|
|
|
5,607,808
|
|
General
and administrative - related parties
|
|
|
185,848
|
|
|
|
286,745
|
|
Modification
of stock award - related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12,959,360
|
|
Rental
income - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(25,946
|
)
|
Total
Operating Expenses
|
|
|
5,648,112
|
|
|
|
20,863,286
|
|
Loss
From Operations
|
|
|
(5,648,112
|
)
|
|
|
(20,863,286
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
(Expense) Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain
(loss) on sale and disposal of property and equipment
|
|
|
(37,174
|
)
|
|
|
1,714
|
|
Other
income
|
|
|
15,334
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other
income - related parties
|
|
|
240,000
|
|
|
|
552,329
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,727
|
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
(1,002,424
|
)
|
|
|
(162,066
|
)
|
Interest
expense - related parties
|
|
|
(84,550
|
)
|
|
|
(23,074
|
)
|
Loss
on extinguishment of convertible notes payable, net
|
|
|
(2,580,655
|
)
|
|
|
(703,188
|
)
|
Change
in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
(1,816,309
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change
in fair value of accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
9,405
|
|
|
|
(327,879
|
)
|
Change
in fair value of accrued issuable equity - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(3,881,819
|
)
|
Total
Other Expense, Net
|
|
|
(5,256,373
|
)
|
|
|
(4,540,256
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
Before Income Taxes
|
|
|
(10,904,485
|
)
|
|
|
(25,403,542
|
)
|
Income
tax benefit
|
|
|
20,427
|
|
|
|
9,496
|
|
Net
Loss
|
|
$
|
(10,884,058
|
)
|
|
$
|
(25,394,046
|
)
|
Research
and Development
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred research and development expenses of $2,217,371 compared to $1,981,299 incurred for the
year ended December 30, 2019, representing an increase of $236,072 or 12%. The increase includes a $1,374,000 decrease in research and
development expenses related to the temporary pausing of drug discovery services in 2020 provided by Evotec International GmbH in connection
with a research and development agreement, a decrease in research and development expenses related to a reclassification of $109,000
in connection with 2018 tax credits and $327,000 in connection with estimated 2020 tax credits, partially offset by research and development
agreements amended and entered into with Yissum during 2020 related to the formulation of cannabinoid metal salts and the evaluation
of potential drugs in inflammation and pain of $855,000, an increase of $1,058,000 related to stock compensation paid to Yissum Research
Development Company, an increase of $192,000 due to two new research and development agreements that were entered into that relate to
fibrosis and treatment of inflammation and respiratory viruses, and $58,212 due to a decrease of miscellaneous research and development
expenses.
Research
and Development – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred research and development expenses – related parties of $75,633, representing twelve
months of expenses in connection with the Company’s consulting fees for clinical research versus six months of expense (approximately
$54,000) recognized during 2019.
General
and Administrative
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred general and administrative expenses of $3,169,260 compared to $5,607,808 incurred for the
year ended December 30, 2019, representing a decrease of $2,438,548 or 43%. The decrease is attributable to a swing from bad debt expense
to bad debt recoveries in the amount of approximately $2,400,000, a decrease in travel expenses of approximately $394,000 due to COVID-19
travel restrictions, a decrease in professional and consulting fees of $196,000 primarily attributable to increased merger and reorganization
fees in 2019, partially offset by an increase in compensation of approximately $212,000 for services provided by directors, officers
or greater than 10% stockholders, and an increase of $145,000 related to new patents, in connection with amounts paid to Stanford University
of $33,000 for anti-inflammatory and therapeutic technology, amounts paid to our IP counsels of $54,000 related to patent filings and
patent application filings, and amounts paid to a legal firm for $70,000 related to treatment research.
General
and Administrative – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred general administrative expenses – related parties of $185,848 compared to $286,745
incurred for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $100,897, or 35%. The decrease is primarily related to a decrease
in rent expense resulting from the termination of an operating lease in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a decrease in bad debt expenses
during 2020.
Modification
of Stock Award – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred $12,959,360 of expenses related to the modification of a stock award as a result of the
Company’s waiver of its right of redemption for contingently redeemable shares that had been issued to a consultant to a subsidiary
acquired in connection with the Reorganization. There was no stock award modification expense during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Rental
Income – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $25,946 of rental income from related parties in connection with the month-to-month subleases
with various companies that share common officers and directors with the Company. The subleases terminated at the end of 2019. We did
not recognize any sublease income during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Other
(Expense) Income, Net
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred other expenses, net of $5,256,373 compared to $4,540,256 for the year ended December 31,
2019, representing an increase in other expenses of $716,117 or 16%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the loss on extinguishment
of convertible notes payable, net of $1,877,467, an increase of $1,816,309 in the change in fair value of derivative liabilities assumed
at the Business Combination, and an increase of $840,358 in interest expense related to additional promissory note issuances in 2020,
a decrease in other income – related parties of $312,329 earned pursuant to a research and development agreement, offset by a decrease
in the aggregate amount of $4,219,103 in the change in fair value of accrued issuable equity and accrued issuable equity – related
parties. During the year ended December 31, 2020, there was a loss on sale of property and equipment of $37,174 compared to a gain of
$1,714 during the year ended December 31, 2019. The loss during the years ended December 31, 2020 was related to the disposal of office
furniture and fixtures. The gain during the year ended December 31, 2019 was related to the sale of office furniture and fixtures to
a company that shares common officers and directors with the Company.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2021 and December
31, 2020 we had cash balances of $6,052,862 and $2,108,544, respectively, and working capital deficits of $25,324,166 and $17,406,356,
respectively.
For the three months ended
March 31, 2021 and 2020, cash used in operating activities was $6,330,045 and $409,006, respectively. Our cash used in operations for
the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $16,198,585, adjusted for non-cash expenses in the
aggregate amount of $15,169,872 as well as $5,301,332 of net cash used to fund changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.
Our cash used in operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $2,381,260, adjusted
for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $908,593, as well as $1,063,661 of net cash provided by changes in the levels of operating
assets and liabilities.
For
the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, cash provided by financing activities was $10,362,538 and $333,364, respectively. Cash
provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was due to $10,731,070 of net proceeds from our offering
of common stock and warrants, partially offset by the repayment of loans in the amount of $368,532. The net cash provided by financing
activities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was comprised of $260,864 of proceeds from the issuance of debt instruments and
$72,500 of proceeds from the issuance of equity instruments.
For
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, cash used in operating activities was $3,871,961 and $3,318,654, respectively. Our cash used
in operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $10,884,058, adjusted for non-cash expenses
in the aggregate amount of $4,679,931, as well as $2,332,166 of net cash provided by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.
Our cash used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $25,394,046, adjusted
for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $19,038,761, as well as $3,036,631 of net cash provided by changes in the levels of
operating assets and liabilities.
For
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, cash provided by (used in) investing activities was $14,490,724 and ($708,149), respectively.
Cash provided by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of $10,280,739 of cash released from a trust
account in connection with the Business Combination, $3,006,235 of cash acquired in the reverse recapitalization and $1,203,750 of proceeds
received from the collection of notes receivable. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted
of $649,825 of cash used for the purchase of a note receivable, $144,402 of cash used for the acquisition of intangible assets, partially
offset by $86,078 of cash acquired in connection with the Reorganization.
For
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, cash (used in) provided by financing activities was ($8,733,927) and $3,942,348, respectively.
Cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was due to payment of common stock redemptions in the amount
of ($9,006,493), repayments made to related parties in the amount of ($201,859), and the repayment of loans in the amount of ($72,843),
partially offset by sources of cash from the net proceeds from the sale of common stock in the amount of $72,500 and proceeds from loans
and convertible notes in the amount of $474,768. The net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 30, 2019
was comprised of $1,257,045 proceeds from the sale and subscriptions for common stock, and $2,685,303 cash proceeds from the issuance
of loans and convertible notes.
Our
product candidates may never achieve commercialization and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future.
We expect that our research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures will continue to
increase. As a result, until such time, if ever, as we are able to generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash
needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings or other capital sources, including potentially collaborations, licenses
and other similar arrangements. Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, compensation and related expenses,
third-party clinical research and development services, license payments or milestone obligations that may arise, laboratory and related
supplies, clinical costs, potential manufacturing costs, legal and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs.
Further,
our operating plans may change, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements for clinical trials
and other research and development activities. We currently have no credit facility or committed sources of capital. Because of the numerous
risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, we are unable to estimate the
amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated product development programs.
We
have not yet achieved profitability and expect to continue to incur cash outflows from operations. It is expected that our research and
development and general and administrative expenses will continue to increase and, as a result, we will eventually need to raise additional
capital to fund our operations. If we are unable to obtain adequate funds on reasonable terms, we may be required to significantly curtail
or discontinue operations or obtain funds by entering into financing agreements on unattractive terms. Our operating needs include the
planned costs to operate our business, including amounts required to fund working capital and capital expenditures. The conditions outlined
above indicate that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statement
issuance date.
Our
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets
and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the consolidated
financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The condensed consolidated financial statements
do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
There
are no off-balance sheet arrangements between us and any other entity that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future
effect on financial conditions, changes in financial conditions, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures
or capital resources that is material to stockholders.
Critical
Accounting Policies
See
“Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2020, and of our condensed consolidated financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, included
within this prospectus for our critical accounting policies.
Recently
Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See
“Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2020, and of our condensed consolidated financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, included
within this prospectus for a summary of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements.
BUSINESS
We
are a clinical stage biotechnology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, focused on the development of therapeutics for unmet
medical needs in chronic pain, inflammation, inflammatory diseases and fibrosis by employing innovative research, and, where appropriate,
combination therapy. We have three product development platforms each of which (i) focus on different diseases, pains or medical conditions
and target different factors, molecules or proteins and (ii) have or will have their own product candidates:
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Anti-TNF
platform: Focusing on fibrosis and anti-tumour necrosis factor (“anti-TNF”);
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SCAs
platform: Focusing on drugs which are synthetic cannabidiol (“CBD”) or cannabigerol (“CBG”) analogues
(“SCAs”); and
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α7nAChR
platform: Focusing on alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (“α7nAChR”).
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We
have several future product candidates in development, including one product candidate in a Phase 2b clinical trial in the United Kingdom
(“UK”) and the Netherlands for Dupuytren’s disease, a condition that affects the development of fibrous connective
tissue in the palm of the hand. Our Company was founded by several world-leading scientists, in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical
sectors. Our world-renowned scientists Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann, Prof. Lawrence Steinman, Prof. Raphael Mechoulam, Dr. Jonathan Rothbard,
and Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal have significant experience and significant previous success in drug discovery. The scientists are from the
University of Oxford (“Oxford”), Stanford University and Hebrew University of Jerusalem (the “Hebrew University”),
and the management team has extensive experience in financing and growing early-stage healthcare companies.
Currently,
we are conducting clinical trials only for certain indications under the anti-TNF platform. Of our three product development platforms,
only one, the SCAs platform, involves products that are related to CBD (and not to cannabis or THC), and no clinical trials for any indications
or products under the SCAs platform are currently being conducted in the United States or abroad.
Business
Strategy
Our
goal is to capitalize on our research in chronic pain, inflammation and fibrosis by pursuing the following strategies:
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Advance
our clinical-stage product candidate for Dupuytren’s disease from its current late-stage
development to seek and obtain approval in the UK, European Union (“EU”)
and the United States (“U.S.”) for such product candidate, potentially commercialize
the product candidate in the UK, EU and the U.S. and identify the optimal commercial pathway
in other markets around the world;
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Move
our pre-clinical product candidates into clinical trials, seek and obtain approval in the
UK, EU and U.S. for such future product candidates, and potentially commercialize such future
product candidates in the U.S., U.K. and Europe;
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Leverage
our proprietary product development platforms to discover, develop and commercialize novel
first-in-class products for the treatment of chronic pain, inflammation and fibrosis; and
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Strengthen
our position in research in chronic pain, inflammation and fibrosis.
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Overview
of Product Development Platforms
The
following chart summarizes the products and indications, including those currently in clinical trial, for our three product development
platforms.
“*Regulatory
approvals obtained from the MHRA and CCMO and the relevant accredited ethics committees to perform clinical trials in the UK and The
Netherlands. No meetings have been held with, and no applications or requests for approval have been submitted to the FDA for any products
at this time.”
The
product development platforms are each described in more detail below.
Anti-TNF
Platform
Our
anti-TNF platform began at our wholly-owned subsidiary, 180 LP. This platform is focused on studying the molecular mechanism of inflammatory
diseases and fibrosis and on the discovery of TNF as a mediator of fibrosis, as well as other immune-driven diseases. This research was
first undertaken in the 1980s by our Co-Chairman, Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann, based on analysis of tissue from patients with rheumatoid
arthritis (“RA”). We are applying this same approach to the analysis of human disease tissue from patients with active
fibrosis, research led by Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal in Oxford (who is also the Chairman of our Clinical Advisory Board), which has led
to the identification of new therapeutic targets and approaches that we are developing. Profs. Nanchahal and Feldmann, in collaboration
with other scientists, are leveraging their experience and expertise in developing anti-inflammatories to search for new applications
for anti-TNF therapeutics. We are seeking to demonstrate that anti-TNF drugs, such as adalimumab, have a positive effect on new indications
such as Dupuytren’s disease, frozen shoulder and post-operative cognitive dysfunction/delirium (“POCD”).
Our
first and currently only product candidate in clinical development is for the potential treatment of early-stage fibrosis of the hand,
Dupuytren’s disease, for which there is currently no approved treatment in the UK or EU. Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum
has been approved in the USA for late-stage Dupuytren’s disease. The proposed treatment will be administered by a local injection
of adalimumab, an anti-TNF antibody into early-stage disease tissue. The results for the Phase 2a clinical trial for Dupuytren’s
disease, supported by the Wellcome Trust, U.K. Department of Health and the Company, were published in July 2018. The study demonstrated
positive tissue response indicative of anti-fibrotic mechanisms, as well as guiding dosing for follow up trials. Having defined the most
efficacious dose and preparation and based on these positive proof of concept data, the Company, together with the Wellcome Trust and
the U.K. Department of Health, initiated a Phase 2b trial in patients with early stage Dupuytren’s disease. The initial plan was
to randomize 138 patients in a ratio of 1:1 to receive four injections of adalimumab or placebo at three-month intervals, and followed
for a total of 18 months from baseline. With additional funding from the Wellcome Trust the Phase 2b trial completed recruitment of 181
patients in April 2019, having commenced dosing in February 2017. The final patient was enrolled in April 2019. This trial has been completed
and the data is being verified and analyzed, and we expect to present top line data towards the end of the third quarter or early part
of the fourth quarter of 2021. Through this fibrosis and anti-TNF product development platform, we are also performing research for the
development of potential treatments of frozen shoulder, liver and lung fibrosis and POCD.
The
following chart summarizes the timing of current and future clinical trials, based on current proposals, under the anti-TNF platform.
We
have obtained regulatory approvals from the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the Dutch Centrale Commissie
Mensgebonden Onderzoek (CCMO), as well as from the relevant accredited ethics committees, in order to perform clinical trials in the
UK and The Netherlands solely for indications under the anti-TNF platform. We have not held any meetings with, and no applications or
requests for approval have been submitted to, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for any indications or
products under the anti-TNF platform at this time.
SCAs
Platform
Our
SCAs platform began at our wholly-owned subsidiary, CBR Pharma with the collaborative work of its founders Prof. Mechoulam and Prof.
Feldmann. This platform focuses on the development of synthetic pharmaceutical grade molecules close or distant analogues of non-psychoactive
cannabinoids such as CBD for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and pain. These development efforts are a result of a 20-year collaboration
between Prof. Feldmann, who discovered and commercialized anti-TNF therapy for treatment of RA and subsequently a number of inflammatory
diseases, which is currently the best-selling drug class in the world, and Prof. Mechoulam, a world leading expert in cannabis chemistry
who successfully identified THC, CBD and, subsequently, the endocannabinoids. We are working with a research team based at the Kennedy
Institute at Oxford, consisting of Prof. Feldmann, Prof. Richard Williams and others, and a research team based at Hebrew University,
consisting of Prof. Raphael Mechoulam, Prof. Avi Domb, Prof. Amnon Hoffman and others, to generate new drugs, test them, and optimize
their uptake and delivery to disease targets. The aim is to develop novel, orally active analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications
based on synthetic compounds to target chronic diseases. We term these synthetic compounds generically as “synthetic CBD analogues”
(“SCAs”). Our primary development targets are arthritis and chronic and recurrent pain, while our secondary development
targets are diabetes/diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, obesity and fatty liver disease.
The
following chart summarizes the timing of current and future clinical trials, based on current proposals, under the SCAs platform.
No
regulatory approvals have been sought or obtained from appropriate authorities at this time for any products or indications under the
SCAs platform.
α7nAChR
Platform
Our
α7nAChR platform began at our wholly-owned subsidiary, Katexco, where its founders identified α7nAChR as a
key receptor for the amyloid proteins associated with diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. α7nAChR
is expressed on the surface of both neuronal cells in the brain and on important cells of the immune system. The research conducted
by Dr. Jonathan Rothbard and Prof. Steinman has shown that small molecules available as drugs taken by mouth can engage this receptor
and potently reduce inflammatory diseases. Dr. Rothbard and Prof. Steinman have also shown that α7nAChR is critical in reducing
disease animal models of multiple sclerosis and RA, as well as heart attack and stroke. Our α7nAChR product development
platform is currently focused on developing α7nAChR agonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, initially ulcerative
colitis induced after cessation of smoking.
No
regulatory approvals have been sought or obtained from appropriate authorities at this time for any products or indications under the
α7nAChR platform.
Product
Candidates
We
are attempting to build a broad and diverse pipeline of product candidates in chronic pain, inflammation and fibrosis. Our product candidates
are and will be selected for development based on: potential to address unmet medical needs; development feasibility as determined by
our preclinical research and development efforts; potential to rapidly achieve proof-of-concept based on easy-to-measure validated regulatory
endpoints; and significant commercial potential.
Anti-TNF
Platform Dupuytren’s Disease
Overview
Dupuytren’s
disease, also referred to as hand fibrosis, tends to manifest itself in middle to later age populations and causes fingers in the hand
to curl irreversibly. According to an article published in the Journal of Hand Surgery in 2011, it is estimated that approximately 4%
to 6% of the Western adult population suffers from Dupuytren’s disease, which, in the U.S., translates to approximately 11 million
people. According to Market Research Future, the market for Dupuytren’s disease is expected to rise to $5.5 billion by 2023 at
a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of approximately 4%. We believe these estimates could rise with the development
of an effective treatment. Surgery remains the standard treatment for patients with Dupuytren’s contractures, but is associated
with extended recovery periods and risks of recurrence. Furthermore, patients have to wait until their fingers are bent as there is no
approved treatment for early stage Dupuytren’s disease. We believe that, if successful, our anti-TNF product candidate may become
a preferred treatment option for patients as it will be the only modality targeted at early-stage patients. Early treatment is advantageous,
as it can prevent deformity and reduce the need for surgery.
Phase
2 Clinical Trials
Our
wholly-owned subsidiary, 180 LP, contributed to the funding of a Phase 2a clinical trial for Dupuytren’s disease along with the
Wellcome Trust and the U.K. Department of Health, which using an experimental medicine clinical trial design demonstrated positive tissue
response, as well as guiding dosing and tolerability for follow up trials. The data was published in June 2018. Having defined the most
efficacious dose and preparation and based on these positive proof of concept data, the Company, together with the Wellcome Trust and
the U.K. Department of Health, initiated a Phase 2b trial in patients with early stage Dupuytren’s disease. The initial plan was
to randomize 138 patients in a ratio of 1:1 to receive four injections of adalimumab or placebo at three-month intervals and followed
for a total of 18 months from baseline. The Phase 2b trial, which was funded by grants from the Wellcome Trust and the UK Department
of Health, with a contribution from 180 LP to purchase the drug, completed recruitment of 181 patients in April 2019 and commenced
dosing in February 2017 in the UK and Groningen, The Netherlands. This trial has been completed and the data is being verified and
analyzed, and we expect to present top line data towards the end of the third quarter or early part of the fourth quarter of 2021.
Other
Product Candidates or Indications
In
addition to the potential treatment for Dupuytren’s disease described above, we are seeking to repurpose anti-TNF for use as a
treatment for other fibrotic conditions such as frozen shoulder. Prof. Feldmann’s previous work in the 1980s demonstrated that
anti-TNF is an effective anti-inflammatory with many possible uses, and it was subsequently approved for various forms of inflammatory
arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as other indications. This has since created what is currently the best-selling
drug class in the world, anti-TNF therapeutics, which, according to Research and Markets, was valued at over $40 billion in 2019. By
using a well-known and extensively used therapeutic, adalimumab, the research and development process may be truncated because of existing
product information relating to safety, as the drug has been widely used over the past 20 years in millions of patients.
Frozen
Shoulder
Frozen
shoulder, also referred to as adhesive capsulitis, is an extremely painful and debilitating condition that affects an individual’s
most basic activities, including sleep. Frozen shoulder affects approximately 9% of the population in Western countries between the ages
of 25 and 64 according to an article published in Arthritis & Rheumatology in 2004. In addition, approximately 20% of people suffering
from a frozen shoulder will develop the same problem in their other shoulder. According to an article published in Shoulder & Elbow
in 2010, it is estimated that up to 30% of patients with diabetes develop frozen shoulder, and the symptoms tend to be more persistent
and recalcitrant in this group.
During
the pain predominant inflammatory phase, patients are typically treated with analgesics, physiotherapy and corticosteroid injections.
Patients with persistent stiffness may be referred to secondary care for capsular release by manipulation under anesthesia, hydrodilatation
or surgical arthroscopy. There is currently no approved targeted therapy, and in conjunction with the National Institute for Health Research
(UK), we are investigating the feasibility of recruiting patients during the early pain-predominant inflammatory phase the disease and
delivery of a local injection of anti-TNF. The set up stage for this Phase 2 clinical trial for the local injection of anti-TNF for frozen
shoulder started in June 2021. Trial protocol is being finalized and a £250,000 grant has been awarded from NIHR to the University
of Oxford to support execution and clinical trial sites are being identified. The Company will provide additional funding to support
this trial.
Human
Liver Fibrosis
Fibrosis
of the liver is characterized by long-term damage to the organ caused by the replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue. The
condition is most commonly caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”), which encompasses non-alcoholic
fatty liver (“NFL”) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). NAFLD affects approximately 30%
of the U.S. population, according to an article published in Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology in 2016. Approximately
2% of patients with NFL and approximately 15% to 20% of patients with NASH progress to cirrhosis, fibrosis of the liver with major health
issues.
There
is no current approved treatment for individuals with NASH. We therefore believe that there is a large potential market for the creation
of an effective preventative treatment. According to Allied Market Research, the market for treating liver fibrosis was approximately
$13 billion in 2018, and is projected to rise to approximately $20 billion in 2022, rising at a CAGR of over 11% per year. We initiated
preclinical studies for NASH based on human liver samples during the second quarter of 2020.
POCD
POCD
is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome, defined as disturbance of attention, awareness and cognition, which develops over a short period
of time and tends to fluctuate during the course of the day. Patients with hip fracture are at particularly high risk of developing POCD.
United Kingdom national audit data for 2018 showed that 25% of all patients with hip fracture suffered from delirium. POCD is associated
with poor functional outcomes, reduced quality of life and longer hospital stays. People with hip fracture who developed delirium are
twice as likely to die as inpatients, and nearly four times more likely to need placement in a nursing home. POCD has also been closely
associated with long-term cognitive impairment.
Hip
fractures are one of the main challenges facing elderly patients and healthcare systems. According to an article published in The Lancet
Public Health in 2017, hip fractures are associated with an average loss of 2.7% of the healthy life expectancy in the middle-aged and
older population in the U.S. and Europe. People suffering hip fracture have a mean age of 83 years, are frail, and two-thirds are women.
They suffer a 30-day mortality of 7%, and experience a persistent reduction in their health-related quality-of-life similar to that of
a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis. According to various studies, POCD is developed in 13-40% of patients
following cardiac surgery. With 500,000 cardiac surgeries and 450,000 hip surgeries in the USA each year, in advanced age patients, a
beneficial therapy to treat POCD would be a significant benefit to these patients. We plan to initiate a Phase 2 study using anti-TNF
for POCD during the second quarter of 2022. An issued patent to protect this potential use has been licensed from The Kennedy Trust for
Rheumatology Research.
SCAs
Platform
Overview
Cannabinoids
are a class of compounds derived from cannabis plants. The two major cannabinoids contained in cannabis are CBD and THC. Although one
cannabinoid, THC, is known to cause psychoactive effects associated with the use of herbal cannabis, no other cannabinoid is known to
share these properties. In recent decades, there have been major scientific advances that have led to the discovery of new plant-derived
cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system. There are at least two types of cannabinoid receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (“CB1”)
and cannabinoid receptor 2 (“CB2”), in the human endocannabinoid system. CB1 receptors are considered to be among
the most widely expressed G protein-coupled receptors in the brain and are particularly abundant in areas of the brain concerned with
movement and postural control, pain and sensory perception, memory, cognition, emotion, and autonomic and endocrine function. CB1 receptors
are also found in peripheral tissues including peripheral nerves and non-neuronal tissues such as muscle, liver tissues and fat. CB2
receptors are expressed primarily in tissues in the immune system and are believed to mediate the immunological effects of cannabinoids.
CBD does not interact with CB1R and is only a weak agonist of CB2R. CBD interacts with other important neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory
systems in the human body, including transient receptor potential channels, adenosine uptake and serotonin receptors. The far-reaching
and diverse pharmacology of the numerous cannabinoids provides significant potential for development of cannabinoid therapeutics across
many indications and disease areas, but also adds to the complexity of the research.
Product
Candidates or Indications
We
believe that there are unmet needs for orally available, relatively safe anti-inflammatory drugs, especially those with analgesic properties.
We believe that SCAs have the potential to fulfill these needs and we have started to develop novel, orally available and patentable
drug candidates to treat certain diseases or conditions such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, psoriasis, obesity and fatty
liver, and various painful conditions. Our work on SCAs is currently in the preclinical development stage.
Because
medical cannabis is a complex mixture of compounds from plants, providing a consistent level of the active compound of interest or controlling
the level of the other natural compounds is difficult. Accordingly, we are working on orally available SCAs, not derived from plants,
to address the deleterious issues of medical cannabis described above. If successful, these SCAs could become approved drug products
that offer a robustly consistent and safe dosage that allows patient intake to be carefully controlled.
We
believe that the development and clinical study of SCAs will reveal that SCAs have several key advantages over medical cannabis, including:
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use
of a pure compound (>99.5%) rather than a mixture of compounds;
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ability
to test and control dosing, which in turn controls efficacy and side effect levels;
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creation
of a reproducible product; and
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ability
to engineer novel synthetic analogues to control binding preferences to select receptors,
control agonist or antagonist effects of receptor binding (pharmacokinetics and dynamics),
modify half-life of the drug in the body, and create pro-drug forms that are only activated
in specified tissues, thereby potentially reducing off target side effects.
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In
addition to the above advantages, testing SCAs in scientific, double-blind clinical trials would help to allay physicians’ concerns
regarding the therapeutic use of marijuana-based compounds. This change could increase the number of patients that have access to these
drug therapies. If clinical studies are successful, there are a number of potential markets and indications for SCAs which we could target,
which include individuals suffering from chronic and recurrent pain, diabetes, osteoarthritis, obesity and fatty liver disease.
α7nAChR
Platform
Overview
Two
of our lead scientists, Prof. Steinman and Dr. Rothbard, previously identified a key receptor for the amyloid proteins associated with
diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, called α7nAChR. The α7nAChR is expressed on the surface of
both neuronal cells in the brain and on cells of the immune system. The research conducted by Dr. Rothbard and Prof. Steinman has shown
that small molecules available as drugs taken by mouth can engage this receptor and potently reduce inflammatory diseases. Dr. Rothbard
and Prof. Steinman have shown that this receptor is critical in reducing disease in animal models of multiple sclerosis and RA, as well
as heart attack and stroke.
Our
efforts to understand the role of the high concentration of small heat shock proteins (“sHsp”) found in the lesions
in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis led us to realize that the protein was (i) immune suppressive and (ii) therapeutic
in animal 2 models of multiple sclerosis, cardiac and retinal ischemia, and stroke. A significant realization was that amyloid fibrils
composed of proteins or small peptides exhibited biological responses equivalent to the sHsps. The fibrils and the sHsps specifically
bound and activated macrophages (“MΦ”) and regulatory B cells. Crosslinking and precipitation experiments demonstrated
that both species bound nAChR and signaled through Jak2/Stat3. We realized that nicotine treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
(“EAE”) induces an identical pattern of immune suppression as our treatments and exhibits pre-clinical efficacy that
is comparable with many of the drugs that are approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) when they were tested in EAE models. Collectively,
these observations have informed our strategy to develop an orally available, small molecule agonist of α7nAChR for inflammation
and autoimmune diseases.
The
α7 subunit of α7nAChR is an integral part of an endogenous immune suppressive pathway, in which activation of the vagus nerve
stimulates acetylcholine secretion, which in turn binds α7nAChR on MΦs and regulatory B lymphocytes. Activation of the MΦs
initiates an immunosuppressive cascade of events that lead to reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppression of B and T cell activation
and control of inflammation.
In
autoimmune diseases like RA, where there is intense inflammation destroying joints, and in multiple sclerosis, where the brain is under
attack with damage to vital neurologic circuits, the body’s immune system turns against its own tissues. Other diseases ranging
from atherosclerosis to gout, also reveal manifestations of an unwanted autoimmune attack.
Activation
of the α7nAChR results in a signaling cascade involving Jak2 and Stat3 leading to the conversion of the macrophages to an immune
suppressive phenotype and the production of IL-10. IL-10 is known to reduce inflammatory cytokines, most prominently TNF, IL-1, and IL-6.
Consequently, α7nAChR agonists should complement anti-TNF therapy, which opens up the possibility of developing a new class of
orally available medicines which are anti-inflammatory but much safer than existing medications such as NSAIDS, Cox2 inhibitors, methotrexate,
and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. This is because α7nAChR agonists are activating an endogenous regulatory pathway, rather than
blocking important pathways needed for diverse processes. The market opportunity arises from the complex and expensive effort by several
large and small biotechnology companies in the development of a spectrum of orally available partial agonists specific for α7nAChR.
The compounds underwent extensive preclinical assessment and were used in 18 studies comprising 2,670 subjects.
The
drugs universally were shown to be safe, but ineffective in trials for neurologic and psychiatric diseases, namely Alzheimer’s
disease and schizophrenia. In randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease and
schizophrenia, the compounds failed to meet their primary endpoint.
We
plan to use these previous studies as a foundation to potentially develop a patentable α7nAChR analog within this family to use
as an immune suppressive to treat a range of inflammatory and autoimmune indications including RA, IBD, relapsing and progressive forms
of multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, gout and osteoarthritis. Our scientists have found that the α7 receptor on macrophages
and regulatory B lymphocytes are different from the target of the drugs developed so far.
Product
Candidates or Indications
We
intend to identify, characterize, synthesize, and patent an orally available small molecular weight agonist of α7nAChR by screening
non-patented analogs of large numbers of known agonists defined by pharmaceutical companies. We intend to outsource this work to Evotec
GMBH, an integrated early discovery organization, and one which we have worked with in the past, specializing in ion channels and transporters,
offering clients specialized technologies and scientific expertise to move from target to lead compounds.
Following
a safety and efficacy assessment program, we intend to select candidates for pre-clinical development as a prelude to the potential initiation
of clinical studies, which could potentially be followed by an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) to the
FDA. Our first intended target indication for its α7nAChR development platform is smoking cessation induced ulcerative colitis.
Outsourcing
and Manufacturing
We
are currently outsourcing our clinical trials, which are conducted at Oxford University, Edinburgh, UK and Groningen, The Netherlands
and only involve certain indications under the anti-TNF platform. We expect to continue to outsource our clinical trials and conduct
them at (1) in the case of the anti-TNF platform, Oxford University and Groningen, The Netherlands, (2) in the case of the SCAs platform,
Hebrew University and Oxford University and (3) in the case of the α7nAChR platform, to be determined.
We
also expect to outsource all of our manufacturing activities, including those activities at the research or clinical stage, with SCAs
to be produced at Hebrew University and α7nAChR to be produced by Evotec and the anti-TNF platform utilizing off-the-shelf
adalimumab. In addition, we expect our products to be good manufacturing practice (GMP) grade and produced by accredited contract research
organizations (CROs).
Material
Agreements
We
have entered into material research and licensing agreements (the “Research Agreements”) with various universities
and parties in order to conduct research to develop potential product candidates. We have also entered into other material consulting
and advisory services agreements with various scientists (the “Consulting Agreements”) to assist with such research.
Overview
of Research Agreements
The
Research Agreements include agreements with the Hebrew University and Oxford. For the anti-TNF platform, the Research Agreements with
Oxford allow 180LS to contribute financially to sponsor the research being conducted for the anti-TNF platform. In return, 180LS will
receive an exclusive option to license any IP arising from the Research Agreements. There are also license agreements in place whereby
we have exclusively licensed certain intellectual property from Oxford.
For
the SCA program, we have agreements in place with Hebrew University and Oxford, pursuant to which we intend to conduct research to develop
and characterize novel SCAs for the treatment of certain target indications, and to perform early-phase clinical trials. Through the
Research Agreements with Hebrew University and Oxford, we established research facilities at the Hebrew University and Oxford, in which
the development and testing of new cannabinoids designed and synthesized at the Hebrew University will be facilitated. The labs at the
Hebrew University, led by Prof. Mechoulam, will synthesize the chemical compounds and perform preliminary efficacy and safety studies.
Once
these initial studies are completed at the Hebrew University, the chemical compounds are sent to Prof. Richard Williams at Oxford, where
further evaluation is carried out to identify candidates which have the best potential for clinical efficacy and commercial development.
Subsequently, we will support the clinical development of the lead compound(s), culminating in Phase 2 clinical trials to establish clinical
utility in chronic pain and inflammatory indications.
The
research team at Hebrew University has identified a series of SCAs that have demonstrated promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects
in mouse models. These studies comprise testing the effects on pain responses, production of TNF (pro-inflammatory cytokine key to multiple
inflammatory disorders), and local joint swelling, indicative of inflammation. Early studies during the first phase of the project have
identified three to five compounds that are being analyzed in arthritis models at Oxford.
Previously,
certain SCAs developed by the Hebrew University have been shown to inhibit the production of TNF, and to be very effective in collagen
induced arthritis, a mouse model of human RA that was established with the specific aim of evaluating novel anti-arthritic compounds.
CB2 receptor agonists (i.e., the receptor for cannabinoids) have been confirmed by third parties to reduce the production and activity
of inflammatory mediators such as TNF, and to suppress joint swelling, synovial membrane thickening and the expression of pro-inflammatory
markers. These effects can be demonstrated at doses that do not affect general motor activity and behavior of the animals tested.
The
Hebrew Licensed Technology (as defined below) will be evaluated for efficacy and safety using in-house pre-clinical models of inflammatory
pain in parallel with absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and safety assessments carried out by third-party professional
contract research organizations (“CRO”). In parallel, blood will be collected from treated animals to determine levels
of key circulating proteins that may serve as blood biomarkers that report on response to treatment. Other studies are anticipated to
comprise studying the effects of treatment on immune responses that are expected to be informative for steering future studies towards
other auto-immune indications.
Following
the above safety and efficacy assessment program, we intend to select candidates for clinical studies.
Clinical
trial design and regulatory affairs will be undertaken by the research team at Oxford and their advisors, led by Prof. Sallie Lamb (working
at University of Exeter & University of Oxford). We expect that initial indications will focus on chronic pain in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis; however, we envisage that other indications to include neuropathic pain will be considered for subsequent trials.
A
recent review examining treatment aspirations for RA patients, as well as the founders’ expertise in this field, has led us to
believe that there are still major unmet needs in key areas such as pain, physical and mental function, as well as fatigue, and hence
there is a need for new medications, especially with orally available drugs. There is also a significant gap in the availability of well-tolerated
drugs that have immunomodulatory and analgesic activity that would be suitable for treatment of early RA or undifferentiated arthritis,
for which conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or biologics would be inappropriate. Research led by Prof. Richard Williams
at Oxford was instrumental in the pre-clinical development of TNF inhibitors, and in the development of robust and predictive in vivo
and in vitro assays. These assays helped provide the scientific basis for the clinical development, not only of biologics, but also of
small molecular weight inhibitors of TNF production, such as Apremilast, which is now in widespread clinical use. More recently, the
research team at the Hebrew University characterized a number of synthetic SCAs with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.
The
SCAs that will be our product candidates are synthetically manufactured rather than extracted from cannabis plants. We believe that
SCAs offer several advantages over botanically-derived cannabinoids, including consistent, reproducible pharmaceutical-grade active ingredients
(“API”), with well-defined purity. We believe such candidates may improve the desired therapeutic effect without adverse
psychoactive effects associated with botanical cannabis compounds. Synthetic manufacturing also allows for a more efficient
chemistry, manufacturing and control process. We believe synthetic manufacturing will allow for a more clearly defined and straightforward
FDA approval pathway by avoiding the potential problems faced when seeking approval for product candidates containing botanically derived
cannabinoids, which include inconsistent API production and additional toxicology related to botanical impurities.
In
summary, the initial focus of the research will be on the development of safe and well-tolerated compounds with analgesic and immunomodulatory
activity and with the capacity to synergize with current therapies, which primarily target downstream inflammatory processes. After conducting
initial research and development, we will select the most promising of the chemical compounds to move into Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials,
which we expect to commence by the third quarter of 2022.
The
Research Agreements are each described below.
Research
Agreements with the Hebrew University
On
May 13, 2018, our wholly-owned subsidiary CBR Pharma entered into a research and license agreement (the “2018 Hebrew Agreement”)
with Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ltd. (“Yissum”), pursuant to which
Yissum granted CBR Pharma a worldwide exclusive license (the “2018 Hebrew License”) to develop and commercialize certain
patents (the “2018 Hebrew Licensed Patents”), know-how and research results (collectively, the “2018 Hebrew
Licensed Technology”), in order to develop, manufacture, market, distribute or sell products, all within the use of the 2018
Hebrew Licensed Technology for the treatment of any and all veterinary and human medical conditions, including obesity, pain, inflammation
and arthritis (the “2018 Field”).
Pursuant
to the 2018 Hebrew Agreement, notwithstanding the grant of the 2018 Hebrew License, Yissum, on behalf of Hebrew University, will retain
the right to (i) make, use and practice the 2018 Hebrew Licensed Technology for Hebrew University’s own research and educational
purposes; (ii) license or otherwise convey to other academic and not-for-profit research organizations the 2018 Hebrew Licensed Technology
for use in non-commercial research; and (iii) license or otherwise convey the 2018 Hebrew Licensed Technology to any third party for
research or commercial applications outside the 2018 Field.
The
2018 Hebrew Agreement further provides that CBR Pharma is entitled to grant one or more sublicenses to the 2018 Hebrew Licensed Technology
for exploitation in the 2018 Field.
All
right, title and interest in and to the 2018 Hebrew Licensed Technology vest solely in Yissum, and CBR Pharma will hold and make use
of the rights granted pursuant to the 2018 Hebrew License solely in accordance with the terms of the 2018 Hebrew Agreement.
As
consideration for the 2018 Hebrew License, CBR Pharma paid Yissum a license fee of $75,000 and agreed to continue to pay an annual license
maintenance fee (the “License Maintenance Fee”) of $50,000, beginning on May 1, 2019 and thereafter on the first day
of May each year. The License Maintenance Fee is non-refundable, but may be credited each year against royalties on account of net sales
of products made from May 1 to April 30 of each year.
Yissum
has also agreed to undertake research and to synthesize chemical compounds that will be used by CBR Pharma, through additional research
at both Oxford and Hebrew University, to develop orally active analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications. Compounds will be shipped
from Hebrew University to Oxford for use in pre-clinical studies to establish efficacy in pain and inflammation.
Upon
the achievement of certain milestones in respect of the chemical compounds derived from the 2018 Hebrew Licensed Technology, CBR Pharma
is obligated to make certain payments to Yissum, including but not limited to the following:
Milestone
|
|
Milestone Fee
|
|
Submission of the first IND testing for the FDA
|
|
$
|
75,000
|
|
Commencement of one Phase 1/2 trial with the FDA
|
|
$
|
100,000
|
|
Commencement of one Phase 3 trial with the FDA
|
|
$
|
150,000
|
|
For each product market authorization/clearance (maximum of $500,000)
|
|
|
$100,000 (maximum of
$500,000)
|
|
For every $250 million in accumulated sales of the product until $1 billion in sales is achieved
|
|
$
|
250,000
|
|
CBR
Pharma will pay Yissum royalties equal to (i) 3% of the net sales for the first annual $500 million of net sales, and (ii) 5% of the
net sales after the net sales are at or in excess of $500 million.
In
the event of a sale by CBR Pharma stockholders of their common shares or the transfer or assignment of the 2018 Hebrew Agreement, CBR
Pharma is obligated to pay Yissum a fee of 5% of the consideration received by CBR Pharma pursuant to such corporate transaction. In
the event of an initial public offering, or a go-public event, CBR Pharma was obligated to issue registered common shares to Yissum equal
to 5% of the issued and outstanding common shares, on a fully-diluted basis, concurrently with the closing of such transaction. The Business
Combination that was consummated on November 6, 2020, was considered a go-public event, pursuant to which the Company issued 240,541
of its common shares to Yissum prior to the closing of the Business Combination. See Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies and Note 15
– Stockholders’ Equity of the financial statements for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2020 included in this prospectus
for more information on the shares issued to Yissum as per the research and license agreement.
CBR
Pharma has also agreed to reimburse Yissum (to a maximum of $30,000) for costs incurred for patent expenses.
Yissum
and CBR Pharma also agreed to establish a research program for which CBR Pharma funded a $400,000 budget for the 12-month period ended
May 2019, which is in the process of being extended by an amendment.
The
2018 Hebrew Agreement will terminate upon the occurrence of the later of the following: (i) the expiration of the last of the 2018 Hebrew
Licensed Patents; (ii) the expiration of the last exclusivity on any product granted by any regulatory or government body; (iii) the
expiration of a continuous period of twenty years during which there was no commercial sale of any product in any country; or (iv) if
we elect to obtain an exclusive license to the know-how under the terms of the 2018 Hebrew Agreement, the expiration of such exclusive
license.
On
November 11, 2019, CBR Pharma entered into an additional research and license agreement (the “2019 Hebrew Agreement”)
with Yissum, pursuant to which Yissum granted CBR Pharma a worldwide sole and exclusive license (the “2019 Hebrew License”)
to develop and commercialize certain patents (the “2019 Hebrew Licensed Patents”), know-how and research results (collectively,
the “2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology,” and together with the 2018 Hebrew Licensed Technology, the “Hebrew
Licensed Technology”), in order to develop, manufacture, market, distribute, sell, repair and refurbish products, all within
the use of the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology for (i) Cannabinoid phenolate metal salts, including mono, di and trivalent metals such
as Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Al and their mixtures with native or synthetic cannabinoids, their pharmaceutical formulations, including
for oral and topical administration; and (ii) pharmaceutical formulations, for the administration of cannabinoid chemical derivatives,
including any and all veterinary and human medical conditions, including obesity, pain, inflammation and arthritis (the “2019
Field”).
Pursuant
to the 2019 Hebrew Agreement, notwithstanding the grant of the 2019 Hebrew License, Yissum, on behalf of Hebrew University, will retain
the right to (i) make, use and practice the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology for Hebrew University’s own research and educational
purposes, but not for commercial purposes, and subject to the maintenance of confidentiality for any know-how or unpublished patent information
contain in the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology; (ii) license or otherwise convey to other academic and not-for-profit research organizations
the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology for use in non-commercial research and subject to the maintenance of confidentiality for any know-how
or unpublished patent information contain in the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology; and (iii) license or otherwise convey the 2019 Hebrew
Licensed Technology to any third party for research or commercial applications outside the 2019 Field, subject to the maintenance of
confidentiality for any know-how or unpublished patent information contain in the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology.
The
2019 Hebrew Agreement further provides that CBR Pharma is entitled to grant one or more sublicenses to the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology
for exploitation in the 2019 Field.
All
right, title and interest in and to the 2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology vest solely in Yissum, and CBR Pharma will hold and make use
of the rights granted pursuant to the 2019 Hebrew License solely in accordance with the terms of the 2019 Hebrew Agreement.
The
2019 Hebrew Licensed Technology will terminate upon the occurrence of the later of the following: (i) the expiration of the last of the
2019 Hebrew Licensed Patents; (ii) the expiration of the last exclusivity on any product granted by any regulatory or government body;
(iii) the expiration of a continuous period of twenty years plus any applicable patent extension period, during which there was no commercial
sale of any product in any country; or (iv) if we elect to obtain an exclusive license to the know-how under the terms of the 2019 Hebrew
Agreement, the expiration of such exclusive license.
On
January 1, 2020, CBR Pharma and Yissum entered into the first amendment to the 2018 Hebrew Agreement, which provided for additional research
to be done at Yissum on new derivatives of certain molecules. Pursuant to the terms of the First Amendment, the Company will pay Yissum
$200,000 per year plus 35% additional for University overhead for the additional research performed by each professor over an 18-month
period, starting May 1, 2019. The additional research was initially expected to end in April 2021 and we are in negotiations with Yissum
to extend the agreement.
Research
Agreements with the University of Oxford
On
November 1, 2013, our wholly-owned subsidiary 180 LP entered into an agreement (the “First Oxford Agreement”) with
Oxford, pursuant to which 180 LP will sponsor Oxford’s research and development of repurposing anti-TNF for Dupuytren’s disease.
Pursuant
to the First Oxford Agreement, each payment is to be made to ISIS Innovation (the University of Oxford) at different milestones of the
project, outlined below:
Milestone
|
|
Milestone Fee
|
|
Minimum investment completed
|
|
£
|
10,000
|
|
Initiation of Phase 2 trial for a licensed product
|
|
£
|
10,000
|
|
Initiation of Phase 3 trial for a licensed product
|
|
£
|
10,000
|
|
Registerable Phase 3 trial primary endpoint achieved for a licensed product
|
|
£
|
20,000
|
|
Any issued U.S. patent of the licensed intellectual property rights
|
|
£
|
5,000
|
|
Approval by FDA of an NDA filed by 180 LP or one of its sub-licensees for a licensed product
|
|
£
|
30,000
|
|
Approval by EMA of an MAA filed by 180 LP or one of its sub-licensees for a licensed product
|
|
£
|
30,000
|
|
First commercial sale of a licensed product by 180 LP or any sub-licensee in the U.S.
|
|
£
|
50,000
|
|
First commercial sale of a licensed product by 180 LP or any sub-licensee in the EU
|
|
£
|
50,000
|
|
ISIS
Innovation is also eligible for royalty payments equal to 0.5% of net sales in any country where there is a valid claim, 0.25% of net
sales in other countries and a fee income royalty rate of 7.5% on all up-front, milestone and other one-off payments under or in connection
with all sub-licenses and other contracts granted by 180 LP with respect to the licensed technology. The First Oxford Agreement is effective,
unless earlier terminated, for so long as the specified patent application remains in effect as an issued patent, pending patent application
or supplementary protection certificate or for a term of 20 years, whichever is longer.
On
August 15, 2018, CannBioRex Pharma Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales (“CannUK”)
and a wholly-owned subsidiary of our wholly-owned subsidiary CBR Pharma, entered into the Research Agreement (the “Second Oxford
Agreement”) with Oxford, pursuant to which CBR Pharma (through CannUK) will sponsor Oxford’s research and development
of SCAs developed from the Hebrew Licensed Technology. At Oxford, the SCAs generated in the Hebrew University are being tested for analgesic
and anti-inflammatory effects in established pre-clinical models.
Pursuant
to the Second Oxford Agreement, Oxford will undertake a research project (the “Research Project”) based around the
clinical development of SCAs that are known to exhibit both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of the Research
Project is to develop and characterize chemical compounds that are synthesized at Hebrew University to create treatments for chronic
pain, RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions, and to eventually obtain regulatory approval to initiate early-phase clinical trials
by mid to late 2022 or as soon as possible thereafter. The Second Oxford Agreement had an initial term of one year beginning on March
22, 2019, but was extended by amendment to March 31, 2020, or any later date agreed to by the parties, unless terminated earlier. The
Second Oxford Agreement was not extended any further after March 31, 2020.
CannUK,
as the sponsor of the Research Project, agreed to make the following payments to Oxford:
Milestone
|
|
Milestone Fee
|
|
Signature of the Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
166,800
|
|
6 months post start of the Research Project
|
|
£
|
166,800
|
|
9 months post start of the Research Project
|
|
£
|
166,800
|
|
12 months post start of the Research Project, after report
|
|
£
|
55,600
|
|
On
September 18, 2020, CannUK entered into another research agreement with Oxford (the “Third Oxford Agreement”), pursuant to
which CannUK will sponsor work led by Prof. Nanchahal at the University of Oxford to investigate the mechanisms underlying fibrosis.
In connection with the agreement, CannUK will initially provide $100,000 and then at 6-month intervals further funding to support the
salary of Dr. Lynn Williams and consumables.
CannUK,
as the sponsor, agreed to make the following payments to Oxford:
Milestone
|
|
Amount Due (excluding VAT)
|
|
30 days post signing of the Third Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
80,000
|
|
6 months post signing of the Third Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
178,867
|
|
12 months post signing of the Third Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
178,867
|
|
24 months post signing of the Third Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
178,867
|
|
36 months post signing of the Third Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
178,867
|
|
On
September 21, 2020, CannUK entered into another research agreement with Oxford (the “Fourth Oxford Agreement”), pursuant
to which CannUK will sponsor work at the University of Oxford to develop and characterize novel cannabinoid derived new chemical entities
(NCEs) for the treatment of inflammatory diseases towards initiation of early phase clinical trials in patients within a period of 3
years.
CannUK,
as the sponsor, agreed to make the following payments to Oxford:
Milestone
|
|
Amount Due
(excluding VAT)
|
|
30 days post signing of the Fourth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
101,778
|
|
6 months post signing of the Fourth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
101,778
|
|
12 months post signing of the Fourth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
101,778
|
|
18 months post signing of the Fourth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
101,778
|
|
24 months post signing of the Fourth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
101,778
|
|
On
May 24, 2021, CannUK entered into another research agreement with Oxford (the “Fifth Oxford Agreement”), pursuant to which
CannUK will sponsor work at the University of Oxford to conduct a multi-centre, randomised, double blind, parallel group, feasibility
study of anti-TNF injection for the treatment of adults with frozen shoulder during the pain-predominant phase.
CannUK,
as the sponsor, agreed to make the following payments to Oxford:
Milestone
|
|
Amount Due
(excluding VAT)
|
|
Upon signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
6 months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
12 months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
24 months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
Stanford
License Agreement
On
May 8, 2018, Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp, a wholly-owned subsidiary of our wholly-owned subsidiary Katexco, entered into an option agreement
(the “Stanford Option”) with the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (“Stanford”),
pursuant to which Stanford granted Katexco an option to acquire an exclusive license for the development and commercialization of certain
inventions. In consideration for the Stanford Option, Katexco paid Stanford $10,000 (the “Option Payment”), creditable
against the license issue fee agreement.
On
July 25, 2018 (the “Stanford Effective Date”) Katexco exercised the Stanford Option, and entered into an exclusive
license agreement (the “Stanford License Agreement”) with Stanford, pursuant to which Katexco was granted the rights
to certain U.S. patents related to (i) alpha B-crystallin as a therapy for autoimmune demyelination and (ii) peptides as short as six
amino acids that form amyloid fibrils that activate B-1 cells and macrophages and are anti-inflammatory and therapeutic in autoimmune
and neurodegenerative diseases (the “Stanford Licensed Patents”). Through the Stanford License Agreement, Katexco
established research facilities at Stanford. We will support the clinical development of the lead compound(s), culminating in Phase 1
and Phase 2 clinical trials to establish potential clinical utility in ulcerative colitis indications.
Under
the Stanford License Agreement, no rights of Stanford, including intellectual property rights, are granted to Katexco other than those
rights granted under the Stanford Licensed Patents.
As
consideration for the grant of the Stanford Licensed Patents, Katexco paid Stanford an initial fee of $50,000, inclusive of the Option
Payment. The Company also issued 111,466 common shares to Stanford, and provided a letter stating the value of such shares. A portion
of the shares issued to Stanford were later distributed to five individuals, including the Chief Scientific Officer and co-chairman.
Beginning
upon the first anniversary of the Stanford Effective Date and each anniversary thereafter, Katexco will pay Stanford an annual license
maintenance fee of $20,000 on the first and second anniversaries and $40,000 on each subsequent anniversary. Furthermore, Katexco is
obligated to make the following payments, including (i) $100,000 upon initiation of Phase 2 trial, (ii) $500,000 upon the first
FDA approval of a product (the “Licensed Product”) resulting from the Stanford Licensed Patents, and (iii) $250,000
upon each new Licensed Product thereafter. Royalties, calculated at 2.5% of net sales (calculated as gross revenue received by Katexco
or its sublicensees, their distributors or designees, from the sale, transfer or other disposition of products based on the Stanford
Licensed Patents minus 5%), will be payable to Stanford. In addition, Katexco has reimbursed Stanford $51,385 to offset the Stanford
Licensed Patent’s patenting expenses, and will reimburse Stanford for all Stanford Licensed Patent’s patenting expenses,
including any interference and or re-examination matters, incurred by Stanford after March 3, 2018.
We
can terminate the Stanford License Agreement without cause by providing a 30-day notice. In the case of a change of control, upon the
assignment of the Stanford License Agreement, Katexco is obligated to pay Stanford a $200,000 change of control fee. The Stanford License
Agreement also provides Stanford with the right to purchase for cash up to either (i) 10% or (ii) the percentage necessary for Stanford
to maintain its pro rata ownership interest in Katexco, of Katexco’s equity securities issued in a private offering. The shares
issued to Stanford in connection with the Stanford License Agreement, gave Stanford and the five individuals who received a portion of
the shares a total ownership of 2.11% in Katexco’s stock, prior to the Reorganization.
The
Evotec Agreement
On
June 7, 2018, our wholly-owned subsidiary Katexco entered into the Evotec Agreement with Evotec, a leading CRO, pursuant to which Evotec
was retained to perform certain research services. Pursuant to the Evotec Agreement, the goal of the joint project (the “Evotec
Project”) is to identify small molecules that pharmacologically stimulate the human ChrFam7a receptor and function. The Evotec
Project is being conducted in two phases over a 24-month period where resources are allocated by the steering committee, which is controlled
equally by the parties to the Evotec Agreement, on a quarterly basis.
Subject
to certain exemptions described in the Evotec Agreement, Katexco owns all intellectual property rights, conceived, invented, discovered
or made by Evotec during the performance of its services, other than intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Evotec relating
to its already existing technology and components to be used in the services to be provided under the Evotec Agreement.
The
Evotec Agreement is subject to a minimum payment of $4,937,500 and a maximum payment of $5,350,250 to Evotec. This program was paused
in mid-2019 and the Company is currently in negotiations with Evotec to continue this program.
The
Petcanna Agreement
On
August 20, 2018, we entered into a sublicense agreement with Petcanna Pharma Corp. (“Petcanna”), a private company
which was founded by Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann (our Co-Executive Chairman), and Yissum (the “Petcanna Agreement”).
Under
the Petcanna Agreement, we granted Petcanna an exclusive, worldwide, non-transferable, non-sublicensable sublicense to make commercial
use of the certain patents related to cyclohexenyl compounds and listed in the Petcanna Agreement (the “Petcanna IP”)
in order to develop, manufacture, market, distribute or sell products that incorporate the Petcanna IP in products that are intended
for the treatment of veterinary medical conditions, initially osteoarthritis.
As
consideration for the sublicense, Petcanna agreed to issue to us approximately 9,000,000 of Petcanna’s common shares in the fourth
quarter of 2018. As of the date of this prospectus, Petcanna has not issued shares to any shareholder and has not commenced operations.
We intend to retain 85% of such shares, and transfer 15% of such shares to Yissum. In the event that Yissum does not accept such shares,
we will have an obligation to pay Yissum 15% of the-then current fair market value of such shares. Petcanna will also pay a 1% royalty
to us on Petcanna’s net sales of products that incorporate the Petcanna IP.
All
right, title and interest in and to the Petcanna IP, including any improvements to the Petcanna IP, will vest solely in our company.
Unless
the parties to the Petcanna Agreement agree otherwise in writing, the Petcanna Agreement will terminate on the occurrence of the later
of: (i) the date of expiration of the last of the Petcanna IP, (ii) the date of the final expiration of exclusivity on any Product granted
by any regulatory or government body, and (iii) the expiration of a continuous period of twenty (20) years during which there was no
First Commercial Sale of any product. The terms “Product” and “First Commercial Sale” apply as
they are defined in the Petcanna Agreement. Our ability to grant this sublicense to Petcanna is contingent upon (i) Yissum having the
necessary rights to the Hebrew Patent Applications assigned to it from all applicable parties, (ii) Yissum being able to grant a license
to us per the terms of the Hebrew Agreement, and (iii) the Hebrew Patent Applications and any related resulting patents being valid and
maintained in good standing for the respective terms of the Hebrew Licensing Agreement and the Petcanna Agreement.
Kennedy
License Agreement
On
September 27, 2019, our wholly-owned subsidiary 180 LP entered into an exclusive license agreement (the “Kennedy License Agreement”)
with the Kennedy Trust For Rheumatology Research (“Kennedy”), pursuant to which Kennedy granted to 180 LP an exclusive
license in the U.S., Japan and member countries of the EU (including the United Kingdom), to certain licensed patents (the “Kennedy
Licensed Patents”), including the right to grant sublicenses, and the right to research, develop, sell or manufacture any pharmaceutical
product (i) whose research, development, manufacture, use, importation or sale would infringe on the Kennedy Licensed Patents absent
the license granted under the Kennedy License Agreement or (ii) containing an antibody that is a fragment of or derived from an antibody
whose research, development, manufacture, use, importation or sale would infringe on the Kennedy Licensed Patents absent the license
granted under the Kennedy License Agreement, for all human uses, including the diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of diseases and conditions.
Under
the Kennedy License Agreement, Kennedy reserves the perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free, sublicensable, worldwide right
for the Kennedy Licensed Patents and its affiliates, employees, students and other researchers to carry out any acts which would otherwise
infringe on the Kennedy Licensed Patents for the purposes of teaching and carrying out research and development, including the right
to accept external sponsorship for such research and development and the right to grant sub-licenses for the same purposes.
As
consideration for the grant of the Kennedy Licensed Patents, 180 LP paid Kennedy an upfront fee of £60,000, and will also pay Kennedy
royalties equal to (i) 1% of the net sales for the first annual $1 billion of net sales, and (ii) 2% of the net sales after the net sales
are at or in excess of $1 billion, as well as 25% of all sublicense revenue, provided that the amount of such percentage of sublicense
revenue based on amounts which constitute royalties shall not be less than 1% on the first cumulative $1 billion of net sales of the
products sold by such sublicenses or their affiliates, and 2% on that portion of the cumulative net sales of the products sold by such
sublicenses or their affiliates in excess of $1 billion.
The
term of the royalties paid to Kennedy will expire on the later of (i) the last valid claim of a patent included in the Kennedy Licensed
Patents which covers or claims the exploitation of a product in the applicable country; (ii) the expiration of regulatory exclusivity
for the product in the country; or (iii) 10 years from first commercial sale of the product in the country.
We
may terminate the Kennedy License Agreement without cause by providing 90-days’ notice.
Consulting
Agreements
The
Consulting Agreements are each described below.
Consulting
Agreements with Yissum and each of Prof. Mechoulam and Prof. Gallily
On
May 13, 2018, in connection with the Hebrew Agreement, we entered into consulting agreements (each, a “Consulting Agreement”
and, collectively, the “Consulting Agreements”) with Yissum and each of Prof. Mechoulam and Prof. Gallily (each, a
“Consultant”). Pursuant to the Consulting Agreements, each of the Consultants agreed to provide advice, support, theories,
techniques and improvements in our scientific research and product development activities related to the commercialization of the Hebrew
Licensed Technology (the “Consulting Services”).
In
consideration of the Consulting Services, we will pay Yissum a quarterly consultancy fee of $12,500 for each Consultant. According to
the Consulting Agreements, any inventions, know-how, or intellectual property developed by a Consultant in the course of providing the
Consulting Services will be owned (a) by Yissum alone, if the Consultant developed such inventions, know-how or intellectual property
alone or with other Hebrew University employees or associates; or (b) jointly by Yissum and us, if the Consultant developed such inventions,
know-how or intellectual property together with any employee or consultant of our company; and, in either case, such technology will
be deemed to be the Hebrew Licensed Technology under the Hebrew Agreement, and will be handled in accordance with its terms.
Each
Consulting Agreement is in effect for a period of three years, and may be extended for additional one-year periods at each time, by mutual
written consent of the parties to such Consulting Agreement.
Advisory
Services or Consulting Agreements with each of John Todd, Kevin Tracy, Christopher Loren Van Deusen and William Taylor
On
July 1, 2018, our wholly-owned subsidiary Katexco entered into advisory services agreements (each, an “Advisory Services Agreement”,
and, collectively, the “Advisory Services Agreements”) with each of John Todd, Kevin Tracey, Christopher Loren Van
Deusen and William Taylor (each, an “Advisor”). Pursuant to the Advisory Services Agreements, each Advisor agreed
to provide advisory services in relation to research and development of drugs combining the use of synthetic CBD with nicotine receptor
treatments aimed at autoimmune diseases and multiple sclerosis, as well as to conduct such other services and duties as may be reasonably
requested from time to time (the “Advisory Services”).
Each
Advisor will be paid an annual fee of $20,000 in consideration of the Advisory Services, and may be granted stock options of the Company
in an amount to be determined in the future.
Each
Advisory Services Agreement is in effect until July 1, 2019, unless terminated earlier in accordance with its terms, and will automatically
renew for successive one-year periods from such date unless one party delivers written notice to the other, at least 60 days before
the next renewal term, that it wishes to terminate.
On
July 1, 2018, the parties entered into an addendum to the Advisory Services Agreement of Kevin Tracey (the “Addendum”), in
order to ensure that the commitments of Dr. Tracey thereunder are consistent with his obligations to The Feinstein Institute for
Medical Research and to Northwell Health (“Feinstein”). Pursuant to the Addendum, Katexco agreed and understood that Dr. Tracey
is obligated to assign, and has preemptively assigned, to Feinstein all of his rights in intellectual property conceived or made by Dr. Tracey
and arising from research that has been or is supported entirely or partly by Feinstein resources. In addition, Katexco acknowledged
that it has no rights, by reason of the Advisory Services Agreement, in any intellectual property that is subject to Dr. Tracey’s
obligations to Feinstein. The Addendum further provided that the mere de minimis use of Feinstein’s facilities by Dr. Tracey
in the performance of his services under the Advisory Services Agreement will not, without more, bestow upon Feinstein any rights to
any intellectual property generated by Dr. Tracey under the Advisory Services Agreement.
In
connection with and as part of the Advisory Services Agreements, each Advisor entered into a protection of corporate interests agreement
(each, a “POCI Agreement”) with Katexco, pursuant to which each Advisor agreed that Katexco (or its designee) own
all right, title and interest in and to all “inventions”, defined as all inventions, original works of authorship,
developments, concepts, improvements, designs, discoveries, ideas, trademarks, confidential information, work product, data, and all
tangible and intangible materials, in each case whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or other intellectual property
laws anywhere in the world, that such Advisor may (solely or jointly with others) conceive of, develop, create, improve, acquire, reduce
to practice or otherwise make, refine or bring into existence, or cause any of the foregoing to be done, whether or not during regular
working hours and whether or not such advisor is or was specifically instructed to do so, where: (i) it in any way relates to the present
or proposed programs, services, products or business of the Katexco group of entities or to tasks assigned to the Advisor in relation
to his engagement; or (ii) such advisor, in any way, used any of the Katexco group of entities’ property, products, processes,
software or other resources, including any confidential information.
The
provisions of each POCI Agreement will survive the termination of the engagement of the Advisor for any reason, whether voluntary or
involuntary.
Advisory
Services Agreement with Rajesh Munglani
On
July 27, 2018, we entered into advisory services agreement (the “Munglani Services Agreement”) with Rajesh Munglani,
acting under Rajesh Munglani Limited. Pursuant to the Munglani Services Agreement, Mr. Munglani agreed to advise on aspects of pre-clinical
and clinical development, in return for (i) £20,000 per year, inclusive of any applicable taxes, and (ii) an option to acquire
500,000 shares of CBR Pharma, determined on a pro rata basis based on the number of months in the advisory period, defined as three years
from July 27, 2018. The option to acquire shares of CBR Pharma was not issued and the Company may issue options to Dr. Munglani at an
amount to be determined in the future.
The
Munglani Services Agreement provides that all interests in patents (including, without limitation, provisional patents), patent applications,
inventions, improvements, enhancements, discoveries, whether patentable or not, arising out of or relating to the Munglani Services Agreement,
as well as all Work Product (as defined in the Munglani Services Agreement) will be deemed works made for hire under applicable copyright
law, if applicable, and will belong exclusively to our company.
The
Munglani Services Agreement may be terminated by either party by providing thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to the other
party.
Advisory
Services Agreement with Irene Tracey
On
November 19, 2018, we entered into advisory services agreement (the “Tracey Services Agreement”) with Irene Tracey.
Pursuant to the Tracey Services Agreement, Ms. Tracey agreed to advise us on aspects of pre-clinical and clinical development, in return
for (i) £20,000 per year and (ii) an option to acquire 200,000 shares of CBR Pharma, determined on a pro rata basis based on the
number of months in the advisory period, defined as three years from November 19, 2018. The option to acquire shares of CBR Pharma was
not issued and the Company may issue options to Prof. Tracey in an amount to be determined in the future.
The
Tracey Services Agreement provides that all interests in patents (including, without limitation, provisional patents), patent applications,
inventions, improvements, enhancements, discoveries, whether patentable or not, arising out of or relating to the Tracey Services Agreement,
as well as all Work Product (as defined in the Tracey Services Agreement) will be deemed works made for hire under applicable copyright
law, if applicable, and will belong exclusively to our company, excepting any different terms agreed in contractual arrangements with
Oxford when undertaking specific research with us and during which IP might be generated by Ms. Tracey that needs protecting by Oxford
as part of the agreed contract.
The
Tracey Services Agreement may be terminated by either party by providing thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to the other.
Inflammation
consultancy Agreements with each of Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann and Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal
On
November 1, 2013, our wholly-owned subsidiary 180 LP entered into letter agreements regarding inflammation consultancy services (each,
an “Inflammation Consultancy Agreement”, and, collectively, the “Inflammation Consultancy Agreements”)
with Isis Innovation Limited for the services of each of Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann and Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal (each, an “Inflammation
Consultant”). Pursuant to the Inflammation Consultancy Agreements, each Inflammation Consultant agreed to provide advice and
expertise on inflammatory and degenerative diseases including fibrosis as exemplified by Dupuytren’s Disease and osteoinduction
(bone formation), in relation to the technology, programs and products of 180 LP, and, specifically, to provide general and specific
advice and guidance on how 180 LP might further develop its different programs that are ongoing, contemplated, or conceived at or by
180 LP (the “Inflammation Consulting Services”).
In
consideration of the Inflammation Consulting Services, Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann and Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal were paid a fixed fee
of $500 and $10,000 per annum, respectively.
The
initial term of each Advisory Services Agreement was until November 1, 2015. On November 8, 2015, each of the Advisory Services Agreement
was extended until November 1, 2020. A new contract with Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal is described below. A new contract with Prof. Sir Marc
Feldmann is currently under negotiation at terms not materially different from the prior contract.
Prof
Jagdeep Nanchahal Consulting Agreement
On
February 25, 2021, we (and CannBioRex Pharma Limited, which was added as a party to the agreement later), entered into a Consultancy
Agreement dated February 22, 2021, and effective December 1, 2020, with Prof Jagdeep Nanchahal (as amended, the “Consulting
Agreement”). Prof Nanchahal has been providing services to the Company and/or its subsidiaries since 2014, and is currently
a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company and the Chairman of our Clinical Advisory Board.
On
March 31, 2021, we entered into a First Amendment to Consultancy Agreement with Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal, which amended the Consultancy
Agreement entered into with Prof. Nanchahal on February 25, 2021, to include CannBioRex Pharma Limited, a corporation incorporated and
registered in England and Wales (“CannBioRex”), and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as a party
thereto, and to update the prior Consultancy Agreement to provide for cash payments due to Prof. Nanchahal to be paid by CannBioRex,
for tax purposes, provide for CannBioRex to be party to certain other provisions of the agreement and to provide for the timing of certain
cash bonuses due under the terms of the agreement.
Prof
Nanchahal is a surgeon scientist focusing on defining the molecular mechanisms of common diseases and translating his findings through
to early phase clinical trials. He undertook his PhD, funded by the U.K. Medical Research Council, whilst a medical student in London
and led a lab group funded by external grants throughout his surgical training. After completing fellowships in microsurgery and hand
surgery in the USA and Australia, he was appointed as a senior lecturer at Imperial College. His research is focused on promoting tissue
regeneration by targeting endogenous stem cells and reducing fibrosis. In 2013 his group identified anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as
therapeutic target for Dupuytren’s disease, a common fibrotic condition of the hand. He is currently leading a phase 2b clinical
trial funded by the Wellcome Trust and Department of Health to assess the efficacy of local administration of anti-TNF in patients with
early stage Dupuytren’s disease. He is a proponent of evidence-based medicine and was the only plastic surgery member of the NICE
Guidance Development Groups on complex and non-complex fractures. He was a member of the group that wrote the Standards for the Management
of Open Fractures published in 2020. This is an open-source publication to facilitate the care of patients with these severe injuries.
Pursuant
to the Consulting Agreement, Prof Nanchahal agreed, during the term of the agreement, to serve as a consultant to the Company and provide
such services as the Chief Executive Officer and/or the board of directors of the Company shall request from time to time, including
but not be limited to: (1) conducting clinical trials in the fields of Dupuytren’s disease, frozen shoulder and post-operative
delirium/cognitive decline; and (2) conducting laboratory research in other fibrotic disorders, including fibrosis of the liver
and lung (collectively, the “Services”).
In
consideration for providing the Services, the Company (through CannBioRex Pharma Limited) agreed to pay Prof Nanchahal 15,000 British
Pounds (GBP) per month (approximately $20,800) during the term of the agreement, increasing to GBP 23,000 (approximately $32,000) on
the date (a) of publication of the data from the phase 2b clinical trial for Dupuytren’s disease (RIDD) and (b) the
date that the Company has successfully raised over $15 million in capital. The fee will increase annually thereafter to reflect progression
in other clinical trials and laboratory research as approved by the board of directors. The Company also agreed to pay Prof Nanchahal
a bonus (“Bonus 1”) in the sum of GBP 100,000 upon submission of the Dupuytren’s disease clinical trial data for
publication in a peer-reviewed journal. In addition, for prior work performed, including completion of the recruitment to the RIDD (Dupuytren’s) trial,
the Company agreed to pay Prof Nanchahal GBP 434,673 (approximately $605,000)(“Bonus 2”). At the election of Prof Nanchahal,
Bonus 2 shall be paid at least 50% (fifty percent) or more, as Prof Nanchahal elects, in shares of the Company’s common stock,
at a share price of $3.00 per share, or the share price on the date of the grant, whichever is lower, with the remainder paid in GBP.
Bonus 2 shall be deemed earned and payable upon the Company raising a minimum of $15 million in additional funding, through the sale
of debt or equity, after December 1, 2020 (the “Vesting Date”) and shall not be accrued, due or payable prior to such
Vesting Date. Bonus 2 shall be payable by the Company within 30 calendar days of the Vesting Date. Finally, Prof Nanchahal shall receive
another one-time bonus (“Bonus 3”) of GBP 5,000 (approximately $7,000) on enrollment of the first patient to the
phase 2 frozen shoulder trial, and another one-time bonus (“Bonus 4”) of GBP 5,000 (approximately $7,000) for enrollment
of the first patient to the phase 2 delirium/POCD trial. On March 30, 2021, the Company issued Prof Nanchahal 100,699 shares of Company
common stock in lieu of GBP 217,337 and on April 15, 2021, the Company issued Prof Nanchahal 37,715 shares of Company common stock in
lieu of GBP 82,588. The Company also waived the requirement for the Company having to raise $15 million in order for Prof Nanchahal to
agree to receive an aggregate of GBP 300,000 via the issuance of shares. Prof Nanchahal agreed that the remaining GBP 134,673 that is
due pursuant to Bonus 2 shall be paid after the Company has raised a minimum of $15 million in additional funding.
Notwithstanding
the above, the board of directors or Compensation Committee of the Company may grant Prof Nanchahal additional bonuses from time to time
in their discretion, in cash, stock or options.
The
Consulting Agreement has an initial term of three years, and renews thereafter for additional three-year terms, until terminated as provided
in the agreement. The Consulting Agreement can be terminated by either party with 12 months prior written notice (provided the Company’s
right to terminate the agreement may only be exercised if Prof Nanchahal fails to perform his required duties under the Consulting Agreement),
or by the Company immediately if (a) Prof Nanchahal fails or neglects efficiently and diligently to perform the Services or is guilty
of any breach of its or his obligations under the agreement (including any consent granted under it); (b) Prof Nanchahal is guilty
of any fraud or dishonesty or acts in a manner (whether in the performance of the Services or otherwise) which, in the reasonable
opinion of the Company, has brought or is likely to bring Prof Nanchahal, the Company or any of its affiliates into disrepute or is convicted
of an arrestable offence (other than a road traffic offence for which a non-custodial penalty is imposed); or (c) Prof Nanchahal
becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors. If the Consulting Agreement is terminated by the Company
for any reason other than cause, Prof Nanchahal is entitled to a lump sum payment of 12 months of his fee as at the date of termination.
The
Consulting Agreement includes a 12 month non-compete and non-solicitation obligation of Prof Nanchahal, preventing him from competing
against the Company in any part of any country in which he was actively engaged in the Company’s business, subject to certain exceptions,
including research conducted at the University of Oxford. The Consulting Agreement also includes customary confidentiality and assignment
of inventions provisions, in each case subject to the Company’s previously existing agreements with various universities, including
the University of Oxford, where Prof Nanchahal serves as a Professor of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Intellectual
Property
Our
success depends in significant part on our ability to protect the proprietary elements of our product candidates, technology and know-how,
to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others, and to defend challenges and oppositions from others and prevent others
from infringing on our proprietary rights. We have sought, and will continue to seek, patent protection in the U.S., UK, Europe and other
countries for our proprietary technologies. Our intellectual property portfolio as of September 30, 2019, includes fifteen patent families
with issued and/or pending claims, pharmaceutical formulations, drug delivery and the therapeutic uses of SCAs, as well as know-how and
trade secrets.
Within
the U.S., we have licensed six issued patents and thirteen pending patent applications under active prosecution. There are an additional
eight issued patents outside of the U.S. Our policy is to seek patent protection for the technology, inventions and improvements that
we consider important to the development of our business, but only in those cases where we believe that the costs of obtaining patent
protection is justified by the commercial potential of the technology, and typically only in those jurisdictions that we believe present
significant commercial opportunities. We also rely on trademarks, trade secrets, know-how and continuing innovation to develop and maintain
our competitive position.
The
term of individual patents depends upon the countries in which they are obtained. In most countries in which we have filed, the patent
term is 20 years from the earliest date of filing a non-provisional patent application. In the U.S., a patent’s term may be
lengthened by patent term adjustment, which compensates a patentee for administrative delays by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
(“USPTO”), in granting a patent, or may be shortened if a patent is terminally disclaimed over another patent.
The
term of a patent that covers an FDA-approved drug may also be eligible for extension, which permits term restoration as compensation
for the term lost during the FDA regulatory review process. The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (the Hatch-Waxman
Act) permits an extension of up to five years beyond the expiration of the patent. The length of the patent term extension is related
to the length of time the drug is under regulatory review. Extensions cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond 14 years
from the date of product approval and only one patent applicable to an approved drug may be extended. Similar provisions to extend the
term of a patent that covers an approved drug are available in Europe and other non-U.S. jurisdictions.
To
protect our rights to any of our issued patents and proprietary information, we may need to litigate against infringing third parties,
avail ourselves of the courts or participate in hearings to determine the scope and validity of those patents or other proprietary rights.
We
also rely on trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information. Our policy requires our employees, consultants,
outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers and other advisors to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement
of employment or consulting relationships with us.
From
time to time, in the normal course of our operations, we will be a party to litigation and other dispute matters and claims relating
to intellectual property.
180LS’
Research, Development and License Agreements
180LS
has entered into research and licensing agreements with various parties, including the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Oxford.
For information regarding these agreements, see “Material Agreements”, above.
Competition
Below
is a description of the competitive environment of each of our product candidate development platforms and potential product candidates.
Dupuytren’s
disease
Our
treatment is for early stage Dupuytren’s disease, for which there is no approved treatment. Existing treatments focus on late stage
Dupuytren’s disease, when the fingers are irreversibly curled into the palm. Surgery remains the typical standard treatment but
the relatively long post-operative rehabilitation has driven the reach for less invasive techniques. Xiaflex, a drug developed by Auxilium,
has shown effective in treating patients with contractures although many patients experience relatively mild side effects. An alternative
approach is disruption of the late stage cords with a needle and data from a comparative clinical trial published in the Journal of Bone
and Joint Surgery (American) in 2018 showed similar recurrence rates between collagenase and percutaneous needle fasciotomy at 2 years.
A clinical trial funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (UK) is currently underway
in the UK, comparing the cost efficacy of surgery for Dupuytren’s disease with a collagenase injection, which softens the fibrous
tissue. The aims of the study are to determine (i) whether collagenase injections are as effective and as safe as surgery for treating
this condition and (ii) the costs of both treatments.
SCAs
Despite
roughly 3,000 pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies globally, only a handful of companies are actively developing synthetic cannabinoids
for human and veterinary health. Presently, most of the focus of these companies is on pain management, multiple sclerosis and epileptic-seizure
disorders, and most of these companies are using natural plant products.
We
expect that the market for cannabinoid therapeutics will also grow significantly in the coming years due to increasing awareness of the
potential benefits that cannabinoid products may provide over existing therapies. Interest in cannabinoid therapeutics has increased
over the past several years as some pre-clinical and clinical data has emerged highlighting the potential efficacy and safety benefits
of cannabinoid and synthetic cannabinoid therapeutics. Pharmaceutical companies that have publicized their engagement in testing cannabinoid and
synthetic cannabinoid therapeutics include Zynerba, Skye Bioscience, IntelGenx, Ananda Scientific, InMed Pharmaceuticals, GW Pharmaceuticals
PLC (acquired by Jazz Pharmaceuticals), Tetra Bio-Pharma, and GB Sciences.
Multiple
companies are working in the cannabis therapeutic area and are pursuing regulatory approval for their product candidates. For example,
GW Pharmaceuticals PLC, which markets Sativex, a botanical cannabinoid oral mucosal for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis
is seeking FDA approval in the U.S., and Epidiolex, a liquid formulation of highly purified cannabidiol extract, which was recently approved
as a treatment for Dravet’s Syndrome, Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, and various childhood epilepsy syndromes. Skye Bioscience, Inc.
is focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of synthetic cannabinoid derived therapeutics to target glaucoma. Corbus
Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.’s lead drug candidate, lenabasum, is a novel, synthetic, oral, cannabinoid (CB2 agonist) designed
to treat four serious and rare chronic inflammatory diseases (systemic sclerosis (“SSc”), dermatomyositis (“DM”),
cystic fibrosis (“CF”) and systemic lupus erythematosus), and the FDA has granted lenabasum Orphan Drug Designation
as well as Fast Track Status for SSc and CF, and Orphan Drug Designation for DM. Zynerba Pharmaceuticals focuses on pharmaceutically-produced
transdermal cannabinoid therapies for rare and near-rare neuropsychiatric disorders and is currently evaluating ZygelTM, a
patent-protected transdermal CBD gel for the treatment of Fragile X syndrome, for which it filed an NDA with the FDA, developmental and
epileptic encephalopathies and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
a7nAChR
Competition
to the acetylcholine receptor program is diverse, ranging from a small biotechnology company, Attenua, who is using an α7nAChR
agonist, bradanicline, in Phase 2 clinical trials for chronic cough to electroceutical companies. The latter group of companies is very
competitive, all of whom are developing devices to stimulate the vagus nerve as a therapy for inflammation. For example, Endonovo Therapeutics
has developed a non-invasive electroceutical device using pulsed short-wave radiofrequency at 27.12 MHz that has been FDA-cleared and
CE Marked for the palliative treatment of soft tissue injuries and post-operative pain and edema, and has Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services (formerly the Health Care Financing Administration) (“CMS”) national coverage for the treatment of chronic
wounds. Additionally, SetPoint Medical Corp is using vagal nerve stimulation for IBD and RA.
The
electroceutical companies can be viewed as competition, or a vast proof-of-concept. Because in many respects, the α7nAChR program
can be viewed as a chemical stimulation of the vagus nerve, and each of the indications benefiting from electrical stimulation, should
be amenable to chemical stimulation.
Lastly,
each of the large pharmaceutical companies that initially developed α7nAChR agonists could revitalize their programs and use their
drugs in clinical trials for inflammatory indications.
Government
Regulation
We
have obtained regulatory approvals from the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the Dutch Centrale Commissie
Mensgebonden Onderzoek (CCMO), as well as from the relevant accredited ethics committees, in order to perform clinical trials in the
UK and The Netherlands solely for indications under the anti-TNF platform. We have not held any meetings with, and no applications or
requests for approval have been submitted to, the FDA for any indications or products under any of our product development platforms
at this time.
FDA
Approval Process
In
the U.S., pharmaceutical products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA. The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the
“FDC Act”), and other federal and state statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development,
testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and
reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical products. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject
a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as imposition of clinical holds, FDA refusal to approve pending
NDAs or supplements to approved NDAs, withdrawal of approvals, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension
of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecution.
Pharmaceutical
product candidate development in the U.S. typically involves pre-clinical laboratory and animal tests, the submission to the FDA of an
IND, which must become effective before clinical testing may commence. For commercial approval, the sponsor must submit adequate tests
by all methods reasonably applicable to show that the drug is safe for use under the conditions prescribed, recommended or suggested
in the proposed labeling. The sponsor must also submit substantial evidence, generally consisting of adequate, well-controlled clinical
trials to establish that the drug will have the effect it purports or is represented to have under the conditions of use prescribed,
recommended or suggested in the proposed labeling. Satisfaction of FDA pre-market approval requirements typically takes many years and
the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidate or disease.
Pre-clinical
tests include laboratory evaluation of product candidate chemistry, formulation and toxicity, as well as animal trials to assess the
characteristics and potential safety and efficacy of the product candidate. The conduct of the pre-clinical tests must comply with federal
regulations and requirements, including FDA’s GLP regulations and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s regulations implementing
the Animal Welfare Act of 1996. The results of pre-clinical testing are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND along with other information,
including information about product candidate chemistry, manufacturing and controls, and a proposed clinical trial protocol. Long-term
pre-clinical tests, such as animal tests of reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, may continue after the IND is submitted.
A
30-day waiting period after the submission of each IND is required prior to the commencement of clinical testing in humans. If the FDA
has not imposed a clinical hold on the IND or otherwise commented or questioned the IND within this 30-day period, the clinical trial
proposed in the IND may begin.
Clinical
trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified
investigator. Clinical trials must be conducted: (i) in compliance with GCP, an international standard and U.S. legal requirement meant
to protect the rights and health of patients and to define the roles of clinical trial sponsors, administrators and monitors, (ii) in
compliance with other federal regulations, and (iii) under protocols detailing the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used
in monitoring safety and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol involving testing on U.S. patients and subsequent
protocol amendments must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND.
The
FDA may order the temporary, or permanent, discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time or impose other sanctions if it believes that
the clinical trial either is not being conducted in accordance with FDA requirements or presents an unacceptable risk to the clinical
trial patients. The trial protocol and informed consent information for patients in clinical trials must also be submitted to an Institutional
Review Board (“IRB”), for approval. An IRB may also prevent a clinical trial from beginning or require the clinical
trial at the site to be halted, either temporarily or permanently, for failure to comply with the IRB’s requirements or may impose
other conditions.
Clinical
trials to support NDAs for marketing approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap or otherwise
vary in particular circumstances. In Phase 1, the initial introduction of the drug into healthy human subjects or patients, the drug
is tested to assess metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological actions, side effects associated with increasing doses and, if possible,
early evidence on effectiveness. Phase 2 usually involves trials in a limited patient population to determine the effectiveness of the
drug for a particular indication, dosage tolerance and optimum dosage, and to identify common adverse effects and safety risks. If a
compound demonstrates evidence of effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile in Phase 2 evaluations, Phase 3 trials are undertaken
to obtain the additional information about clinical efficacy and safety in a larger number of patients, typically at geographically dispersed
clinical trial sites, to permit the FDA to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the drug and to provide adequate information
for the labeling of the drug. In most cases, the FDA requires two adequate and well-controlled Phase 3 clinical trials to demonstrate
the efficacy of the drug. The FDA may, however, determine that a single Phase 3 trial with other confirmatory evidence may be sufficient
in some instances. In some cases, the FDA may require post-market studies, known as Phase 4 studies, to be conducted as a condition of
approval in order to gather additional information on the drug’s effect in various populations and any side effects associated
with long-term use. Depending on the risks posed by the drugs, other post-market requirements may be imposed.
After
completion of the required clinical testing, a New Drug Application (“NDA”) is prepared and submitted to the FDA.
The FDA approval of the NDA is required before marketing of the product candidate may begin in the U.S. The NDA must include the results
of all pre-clinical, clinical, and other testing and a compilation of data relating to the product candidate’s pharmacology, chemistry,
manufacture, and controls. The cost of preparing and submitting an NDA is substantial. Under federal law, the submission of most NDAs
is also subject to an application user fee, which, for the year ended December 31, 2020, was in the amount of approximately $2.9 million.
The
FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the agency’s
threshold determination that it is sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the
FDA begins an in-depth review. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA has agreed to certain performance goals in the review
of NDAs. FDA’s current performance goals call for FDA to complete review of 90 percent of standard (non-priority) NDAs within 10
months of receipt and within six months for priority NDAs, but two additional months are added to standard and priority NDAs for a new
molecular entity. A drug is eligible for priority review if it addresses an unmet medical need in a serious or life-threatening disease
or condition. The review process for both standard and priority review may be extended by FDA for three additional months to consider
certain late-submitted information, or information intended to clarify information already provided in the submission. These timelines
are not legally binding on the FDA.
The
FDA may also refer applications for novel drug products, or drug products that present difficult questions of safety or efficacy, to
an advisory committee, which is typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation
as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally
follows such recommendations. Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance
with GCP.
Additionally,
the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product candidate
unless compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice regulations (“GMPs”), is satisfactory and the NDA contains data
that provide substantial evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied.
After
the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing facilities, the FDA issues either an approval letter or a complete response letter. A
complete response letter generally outlines the deficiencies in the submission and may require substantial additional testing, or information,
in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. If, or when, those deficiencies have been addressed to the FDA’s satisfaction
in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will issue an approval letter. The FDA has committed to reviewing 90 percent of resubmissions within
two or six months depending on the type of information included. Notwithstanding the submission of any requested additional information,
the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval.
An
approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition
of NDA approval, the FDA may require a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”), to help ensure that the benefits
of the drug outweigh the potential risks. REMS can include medication guides, communication plans for health care professionals, and
Elements to Assure Safe Use (ETASU). ETASU can include, but are not limited to, special training or certification for prescribing or
dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring, and the use of patient registries. The requirement for a
REMS can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the drug. Moreover, product candidate approval may require substantial
post approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug’s safety or efficacy. Once granted, product candidate approvals may
be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing.
Disclosure
of Clinical Trial Information
Sponsors
of clinical trials of certain FDA-regulated products, including prescription drugs, are required to register and disclose certain clinical
trial information on a public website maintained by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Information related to the product candidate,
patient population, phase of investigation, study sites and investigator, and other aspects of the clinical trial is made public as part
of the registration. Sponsors are also obligated to disclose the results of these trials after completion. The deadline for submitting
the results of these trials can be extended for up to two years if the sponsor certifies that it is seeking approval of an unapproved
product or that it will file an application for approval of a new indication for an approved product within one year. Competitors may
use the publicly available information to gain knowledge regarding the design and progress of our development programs.
Fast
Track Designation and Accelerated Approval
If
our drug candidate meets the requirements of the FDA’s fast track program, we would seek to have our drug candidate expedited through
this program. The FDA has programs to facilitate the development, and expedite the review, of drugs that are intended for the treatment
of a serious or life-threatening disease or condition for which there is no effective treatment and which demonstrate the potential to
address unmet medical needs for the condition. Under the fast-track program, the sponsor of a new drug candidate may request that FDA
designate the drug candidate for a specific indication as a fast track drug concurrent with, or after, the filing of the IND for the
drug candidate. FDA must determine if the drug candidate qualifies for fast track designation within 60 days of receipt of the sponsor’s
request. In addition to other benefits such as the ability to engage in more frequent interactions with FDA, FDA may initiate review
of sections of a fast track drug’s NDA before the application is complete. This rolling review is available if the applicant provides,
and FDA approves, a schedule for the submission of the remaining information and the applicant pays applicable user fees. However, FDA’s
time period goal for reviewing an application does not begin until the last section of the NDA is submitted. Additionally, the fast track
designation may be withdrawn by FDA if FDA believes that the designation is no longer supported by data emerging in the clinical trial
process.
Under
the FDA’s accelerated approval regulations, FDA may approve a drug for a serious or life-threatening illness that provides meaningful
therapeutic benefit to patients over existing treatments based upon a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical
benefit, or on a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than irreversible morbidity or mortality, that is reasonably likely to
predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit, taking into account the severity, rarity or prevalence
of the condition and the availability or lack of alternative treatments.
In
clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint is a measurement of laboratory or clinical signs of a disease or condition that substitutes for
a direct measurement of how a patient feels, functions or survives. Surrogate endpoints can often be measured more easily or more rapidly
than clinical endpoints. A drug candidate approved on this basis is subject to rigorous post-marketing compliance requirements, including
the completion of Phase 4 or post- approval clinical trials to confirm clinical benefit. Failure to conduct required post-approval studies,
or confirm a clinical benefit during post-marketing studies, will allow FDA to withdraw the drug from the market on an expedited basis.
Unless otherwise informed by the FDA, for an accelerated approval product an applicant must submit to the FDA for consideration during
the preapproval review period copies of all promotional materials, including promotional labeling as well as advertisements, intended
for dissemination or publication within 120 days following marketing approval. After 120 days following marketing approval,
unless otherwise informed by the FDA, the applicant must submit promotional materials at least 30 days prior to the intended time
of initial dissemination of the labeling or initial publication of the advertisement.
Breakthrough
Therapy Designation
As
with the FDA’s fast track program, if our drug candidate meets the requirements to receive the FDA’s Breakthrough Therapy
designation, we would seek to have our drug candidate expedited through this program. The FDA’s Breakthrough Therapy designation
program is intended to expedite the development and review of products that treat serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions.
A Breakthrough Therapy is defined, under the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, as a drug that is intended, alone
or in combination with one or more other drugs, to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition, and preliminary clinical
evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant
endpoints, such as substantial treatment effects observed early in clinical development. The designation includes all of the features
of fast track designation, as well as more intensive FDA interaction and guidance. The Breakthrough Therapy designation is a distinct
status from both accelerated approval and priority review, but these can also be granted to the same product candidate if the relevant
criteria are met. The FDA must take certain actions, such as holding timely meetings and providing advice, intended to expedite the development
and review of an application for approval of a breakthrough therapy. All requests for breakthrough therapy designation will be reviewed
within 60 days of receipt, and FDA will either grant or deny the request.
Fast
track designation, accelerated approval, priority review, and Breakthrough Therapy designation do not change the standards for approval
but may expedite the development or approval process. Even if the FDA grants one of these designations, the FDA may later decide that
the drug products no longer meet the conditions for qualification.
The
U.S. Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (the Hatch-Waxman Act)
Orange
Book Listing
In
seeking approval for a drug through an NDA, applicants are required to list with the FDA each patent whose claims cover the applicant’s
product candidate or a claimed method of use of the product candidate. Upon approval of a drug, each of the eligible patents listed in
the application for the drug is then published in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly
known as the Orange Book. Drugs listed in the Orange Book must, in turn, be the subject of a special certification by the filer of an
abbreviated new drug application (“ANDA”), for a generic version of the drug, or by the applicant of a hybrid application
known as a 505(b)(2) application. An ANDA provides for marketing of a drug product candidate that has the same active ingredient(s) in
the same strengths and dosage form as the reference listed innovator drug and has been shown to be bioequivalent to the reference listed
drug. Other than the requirement for bioequivalence testing (absent a waiver), ANDA applicants are not required to conduct, or submit
results of, pre-clinical or clinical tests to prove the safety or effectiveness of their drug product candidate. Drugs approved in this
way are commonly referred to as “generic equivalents” to the listed drug, are considered therapeutically equivalent
to the listed drug, and can often be substituted by pharmacists under prescriptions written for the original listed drug.
The
ANDA applicant is required to certify to the FDA concerning any patents listed for the approved product candidate in the FDA’s
Orange Book. Specifically, the applicant must certify that: (i) the required patent information has not been filed; (ii) the listed patent
has expired; (iii) the listed patent has not expired, but will expire on a particular date and approval is sought after patent expiration;
or (iv) the listed patent is invalid or will not be infringed by the new product candidate. The ANDA applicant may also elect to submit
a “section viii statement”, certifying that its proposed ANDA labeling does not contain (or carves out) any language
regarding the patented method-of- use, rather than certify to a listed method-of-use patent.
If
the applicant does not challenge the listed patents, the ANDA application will not be approved until all the listed patents claiming
the referenced product have expired.
A
certification that the new product candidate will not infringe the already approved product candidate’s listed patents, or that
such patents are invalid or unenforceable, is called a Paragraph IV certification. If the ANDA applicant has provided a Paragraph IV
certification to the FDA, the applicant must also send notice of the Paragraph IV certification to the NDA and patent holders once
the ANDA has been accepted for filing by the FDA. The NDA and patent holders may then initiate a patent infringement lawsuit in response
to the notice of the Paragraph IV certification. The filing of a patent infringement lawsuit within 45 days of the receipt of notice
of a Paragraph IV certification automatically prevents the FDA from approving the ANDA until the earlier of 30 months, expiration
of the patent, settlement of the lawsuit, a decision in the infringement case that is favorable to the ANDA applicant, or some other
order of the court.
Competitors
may also seek to market versions of our drug products via a section 505(b)(2) application, which is a type of somewhat abbreviated NDA.
NDA Section 505(b)(2) applications may be submitted for drug products that represent a modification, such as a new indication or new
dosage form, of a previously approved drug. Section 505(b)(2) applications may rely on the FDA’s previous findings for the
safety and effectiveness of the previously approved drug in addition to information obtained by the 505(b)(2) applicant to support the
modification of the previously approved drug. Preparing Section 505(b)(2) applications may be less costly and time-consuming than preparing
an NDA based entirely on new data and information. Section 505(b)(2) applications are subject to the same patent certification procedures
as an ANDA.
Exclusivity
Upon
NDA approval of a new chemical entity (“NCE”), which is a drug that contains no active moiety that has been approved
by the FDA in any other NDA, that drug receives five years of marketing exclusivity during which time the FDA cannot receive any ANDA
or 505(b)(2) application seeking approval of a drug that references a version of the NCE drug. Certain changes to a drug, such as the
addition of a new indication to the package insert, are associated with a three-year period of exclusivity during which the FDA cannot
approve an ANDA or 505 (b)(2) application that includes the change.
An
ANDA or 505(b)(2) application may be submitted one year before NCE exclusivity expires if a Paragraph IV certification is filed.
If there is no listed patent in the Orange Book, there may not be a Paragraph IV certification and thus no ANDA or 505(b)(2) may
be filed before the expiration of the exclusivity period.
For
a botanical drug, FDA may determine that the active moiety is one or more of the principle components or the complex mixture as a whole.
This determination would affect the utility of any five-year exclusivity as well as the ability of any potential generic competitor to
demonstrate that it is the same drug as the original botanical drug.
Five-year
and three-year exclusivities do not preclude FDA approval of a 505(b)(1) application for a version of the drug during the period of exclusivity,
provided that the 505(b)(1) conducts or obtains a right of reference to all of the pre-clinical studies and adequate and well controlled
clinical trials necessary to demonstrate safety and effectiveness.
Patent
Term Extension
After
NDA approval, owners of relevant drug patents may apply for up to a five-year patent extension. The allowable patent term extension is
calculated as half of the drug’s testing phase — the time between IND submission and NDA submission — and all of the
review phase — the time between NDA submission and approval up to a maximum of five years. The time can be shortened if FDA determines
that the applicant did not pursue approval with due diligence. The total patent term after the extension may not exceed 14 years.
For
patents that might expire during the application phase, the patent owner may request an interim patent extension. An interim patent extension
increases the patent term by one year and may be renewed up to four times. For each interim patent extension granted, the post-approval
patent extension is reduced by one year. The director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) must determine that approval
of the drug covered by the patent for which a patent extension is being sought is likely. Interim patent extensions are not available
for a drug for which an NDA has not been submitted.
Advertising
and Promotion
Once
an NDA is approved, a product candidate will be subject to certain post-approval requirements. For instance, FDA closely regulates the
post-approval marketing and promotion of drugs, including standards and regulations for direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion,
industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the internet.
Drugs
may be marketed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.
Post-Approval
Changes
Changes
to some of the conditions established in an approved application, including changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes
or facilities, require submission and FDA approval of a new NDA or NDA supplement before the change can be implemented. An NDA supplement
for a new indication typically requires clinical data similar to that in the original application, and the FDA uses the same procedures
and actions in reviewing NDA supplements as it does in reviewing NDAs.
Adverse
Event Reporting and GMP Compliance
Adverse
event reporting on an expedited basis and submission of periodic adverse event reports is required following FDA approval of an NDA.
The FDA also may require post-marketing testing, known as Phase 4 testing, REMS and surveillance to monitor the effects of an approved
product, or the FDA may place conditions on an approval that could restrict the distribution or use of the product. In addition, quality-control,
drug manufacture, packaging, and labeling procedures must continue to conform GMPs after approval. Drug manufacturers and certain of
their subcontractors are required to register their establishments with FDA and certain state agencies. Registration with the FDA subjects
entities to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA, during which the agency inspects manufacturing facilities to assess compliance
with GMPs. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the areas of production and quality control to
maintain compliance with GMPs. Regulatory authorities may withdraw product approvals, issue warning letters, request product recalls
or take other enforcement actions if a company fails to comply with regulatory standards, if it encounters problems following initial
marketing or if previously unrecognized problems are subsequently discovered.
Special
Protocol Assessment
A
sponsor may reach an agreement with the FDA under the Special Protocol Assessment (“SPA”), process as to the required
design and size of clinical trials intended to form the primary basis of an efficacy claim. According to its performance goals, the FDA
has committed to evaluating 90 percent of the protocols within 45 days of its receipt of the requests to assess whether the proposed
trial is adequate, and that evaluation may result in discussions and a request for additional information. An SPA request must be made
before the proposed trial begins, and all open issues must be resolved before the trial begins. If a written agreement is reached, it
will be documented and made part of the administrative record. Under the FDC Act and FDA guidance implementing the statutory requirement,
an SPA is generally binding upon the FDA as to the design of the trial except in limited circumstances, such as if the FDA identifies
a substantial scientific issue essential to determining safety or efficacy after the study begins, public health concerns emerge that
were unrecognized at the time of the protocol assessment, the sponsor and FDA agree to the change in writing, or if the study sponsor
fails to follow the protocol that was agreed upon with the FDA.
Controlled
Substances
The
CSA and the implementing regulations impose registration, security, recordkeeping and reporting, storage, manufacturing, distribution,
dispensing, importation and other requirements on controlled substances under the oversight of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
(“DEA”). The DEA is the federal agency, responsible for regulating controlled substances, and requires those individuals
or entities that manufacture, import, export, distribute, research, or dispense controlled substances to comply with the regulatory requirements
in order to prevent the diversion and abuse of controlled substances.
The
DEA regulates controlled substances as Schedule I, II, III, IV or V substances, depending on the substance’s medical effectiveness
and abuse potential. Pharmaceutical products having a currently accepted medical use that are otherwise approved for marketing may be
listed as Schedule II, III, IV or V substances, with Schedule II substances presenting the highest potential for abuse and physical
or psychological dependence, and Schedule V substances presenting the lowest relative potential for abuse and dependence. The DEA
has placed certain drug products that include cannabidiol, on Schedule V.
Following
NDA approval of a drug containing a Schedule I controlled substance, that substance must be rescheduled as a Schedule II, III, IV or
V substance before it can be marketed. The Improving Regulatory Transparency for New Medical Therapies Act enacted on November 25, 2015
and its implementing regulations has removed uncertainty associated with the timing of the DEA rescheduling process after NDA approval,
under which a manufacturer may market its product no later than 90 days after the later of: (1) the date on which DEA receives from
FDA the scientific and medical evaluation and scheduling recommendation; or (2) the date on which DEA receives from FDA notification
that FDA has approved the drug. The Act also clarifies that the seven-year orphan exclusivity period begins with the approval of the
NDA or DEA scheduling, whichever is later. This changes the previous situation whereby the orphan “clock” began to
tick upon FDA’s NDA approval, even though the product could not be marketed until DEA scheduling was complete.
The
CSA requires that facilities that manufacture, distribute, dispense, import or export any controlled substance must register annually
with the DEA. Separate registrations are required for importation and manufacturing activities, and each registration authorizes the
specific schedules of controlled substances the registrant may handle. Prior to issuance of a controlled substance registration, the
DEA inspects all manufacturing facilities to review security, recordkeeping, reporting and handling of the controlled substances. The
specific security requirements vary by, among other things, the type of business activity conducted, and the type, form, and quantity
of controlled substances handled.
In
addition, the states have their own distinct controlled substance laws and regulations, including licensure, distribution, dispensing,
recordkeeping and reporting requirements for controlled substances. State boards of pharmacy or similar authorities regulate use of controlled
substances in each state. Failure to comply with applicable requirements, such as the loss or diversion of controlled substances, can
result in administrative fines, suspension or revocation of licenses, and civil and criminal liabilities.
U.K./Europe/Rest
of World Government Regulation
In
addition to regulations in the U.S., we are and will be subject, either directly or through our distribution partners, to a variety of
regulations in other jurisdictions governing, among other things, clinical trials and any commercial sales (including pricing and reimbursement)
and distribution of our products, if approved.
Whether
or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain the requisite approvals from regulatory authorities in non-U.S. countries
prior to the commencement of clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries.
In
the EU, medicinal products are subject to extensive pre- and post-marketing regulation by regulatory authorities at both the EU and national
levels. Additional rules also apply at the national level to the manufacture, import, export, storage, distribution and sale of controlled
substances. In many EU member states the regulatory authority responsible for medicinal products is also responsible for controlled substances.
Responsibility is, however, split in some member states. Generally, any company manufacturing or distributing a medicinal product containing
a controlled substance in the EU will need to hold a controlled substances license from the competent national authority and will be
subject to specific record-keeping and security obligations. Separate import or export certificates are required for each shipment into
or out of the member state.
In
the U.K., medicinal products are subject to extensive regulation by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”),
which is an executive agency, sponsored by the Department of Health and Social Care. MHRA regulates by ensuring that medicines, medical
devices and blood components for transfusion meet applicable standards of safety, quality and efficacy, in addition to supporting innovation
and research and development that is beneficial to public health.
Clinical
Trials and Marketing Approval
Certain
countries outside of the U.S. have a process that requires the submission of a clinical trial application much like an IND prior to the
commencement of human clinical trials. In Europe, for example, a clinical trial application (“CTA”), must be submitted
to the competent national health authority and to independent ethics committees in each country in which a company intends to conduct
clinical trials. Once the CTA is approved in accordance with a country’s requirements and a company has received favorable ethics
committee approval, clinical trial development may proceed in that country.
Requirements
for the conduct of clinical trials in the UK and EU, including GCP, are implemented in the Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC and the
GCP Directive 2005/28/EC. Pursuant to Directive 2001/20/EC and Directive 2005/28/EC, as amended, a system for the approval of clinical
trials in the EU has been implemented through national legislation of EU member states. Under this system, approval must be obtained
from the relevant competent national authority of each EU member state in which a clinical trial is planned. A CTA must be submitted
and supported by an investigational medicinal product dossier along with additional supporting information pursuant to Directive 2001/20/EC,
Directive 2005/28/EC and other applicable guidance documents. Furthermore, a clinical trial may only commence after a competent ethics
committee has issued a favorable opinion on the clinical trial application in the UK or the specific EU member state.
In
April 2014, the Clinical Trials Regulation, Reg. (EU) No 536/2014 (the “New Regulation”) was adopted to replace the
Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC (the “Prior Directive”). To ensure that the rules for clinical trials are identical
throughout the EU, new EU clinical trials legislation was passed as a “regulation” that is directly applicable to
EU member states. A new, single CTA is planned for all EU member states, which will be submitted via an online portal to streamline the
authorization process. Until the New Regulation is fully implemented, clinical trials will continue to be implemented under the
Prior Directive.
The
requirements and process governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary from country to
country, even though there is already some degree of legal harmonization in the EU member states resulting from the national implementation
of underlying EU legislation. In all cases, the clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the International Conference on
Harmonization guidelines on GCP and other applicable regulatory requirements.
To
obtain regulatory approval to place a drug on the market in the UK or EU countries, we must submit a marketing authorization application.
This application is similar to the NDA in the U.S., with the exception of, among other things, country-specific document requirements.
All application procedures require an application in the common technical document, format, which includes the submission of detailed
information about the manufacturing and quality of the product, and nonclinical and clinical trial information. Drugs can be authorized
in the UK or EU by using (i) the centralized authorization procedure, (ii) the mutual recognition procedure, (iii) the decentralized
procedure or (iv) national authorization procedures.
The
European Commission created the centralized procedure for the approval of human drugs to facilitate marketing authorizations that are
valid throughout the UK and EU and, by extension (after national implementing decisions) in Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, which,
together with the EU member states, comprise the European Economic Area. Applicants file marketing authorization applications with
the European Medicines Agency (EMA), where they are reviewed by a relevant scientific committee, in most cases the Committee for Medicinal
Products for Human Use (“CHMP”). The European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) forwards CHMP opinions to
the European Commission, which uses them as the basis for deciding whether to grant a marketing authorization. This procedure results
in a single marketing authorization granted by the European Commission that is valid across the EU, as well as in Iceland, Liechtenstein
and Norway. The centralized procedure is compulsory for human drugs that are: (i) derived from biotechnology processes, such as
genetic engineering, (ii) contain a new active substance indicated for the treatment of certain diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes,
neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune and other immune dysfunctions and viral diseases, (iii) officially designated “orphan
drugs” (drugs used for rare human diseases) and (iv) advanced-therapy medicines, such as gene-therapy, somatic cell-therapy
or tissue-engineered medicines. The centralized procedure may at the voluntary request of the applicant also be used for human drugs
that do not fall within the above-mentioned categories if the CHMP agrees that the human drug (a) contains a new active substance
not yet approved on November 20, 2005; (b) constitutes a significant therapeutic, scientific or technical innovation or (c) authorization
under the centralized procedure is in the interests of patients at the EU level.
Under
the centralized procedure in the EU, the maximum time frame for the evaluation of a marketing authorization application by the EMA is
210 days (excluding clock stops, when additional written or oral information is to be provided by the applicant in response to questions
asked by the CHMP), with adoption of the actual marketing authorization by the European Commission thereafter.
Accelerated
evaluation might be granted by the CHMP in exceptional cases, when a medicinal product is expected to be of a major public health interest
from the point of view of therapeutic innovation, defined by three cumulative criteria: the seriousness of the disease to be treated;
the absence of an appropriate alternative therapeutic approach, and anticipation of exceptional high therapeutic benefit. In this circumstance,
EMA ensures that the evaluation for the opinion of the CHMP is completed within 150 days and the opinion issued thereafter.
For
those medicinal products for which the centralized procedure is not available, the applicant must submit marketing authorization applications
to the national medicines regulators through one of three procedures: (i) the mutual recognition procedure (which must be used if
the product has already been authorized in at least one other EU member state, and in which the EU member states are required to grant
an authorization recognizing the existing authorization in the other EU member state, unless they identify a serious risk to public health),
(ii) the decentralized procedure (in which applications are submitted simultaneously in two or more EU member states) or (iii) national
authorization procedures (which results in a marketing authorization in a single EU member state).
Mutual
Recognition Procedure
The
mutual recognition procedure (“MRP”), for the approval of human drugs is an alternative approach to facilitate individual
national marketing authorizations within the U.K. and EU. Basically, the MRP may be applied for all human drugs for which the centralized
procedure is not obligatory. The MRP is applicable to the majority of conventional medicinal products, and must be used if the product
has already been authorized in one or more member states.
The
characteristic of the MRP is that the procedure builds on an already-existing marketing authorization in the U.K. or a member state of
the EU that is used as a reference in order to obtain marketing authorizations in other EU member states. In the MRP, a marketing authorization
for a drug already exists in one or more member states of the EU and subsequently marketing authorization applications are made in other
EU member states by referring to the initial marketing authorization. The member state in which the marketing authorization was first
granted will then act as the reference member state. The member states where the marketing authorization is subsequently applied for
act as concerned member states. The concerned member states are required to grant an authorization recognizing the existing authorization
in the reference member state, unless they identify a serious risk to public health.
The
MRP is based on the principle of the mutual recognition by EU member states of their respective national marketing authorizations. Based
on a marketing authorization in the reference member state, the applicant may apply for marketing authorizations in other member states.
In such case, the reference member state shall update its existing assessment report about the drug in 90 days. After the assessment
is completed, copies of the report are sent to all member states, together with the approved summary of product characteristics, labeling
and package leaflet. The concerned member states then have 90 days to recognize the decision of the reference member state and the
summary of product characteristics, labeling and package leaflet. National marketing authorizations shall be granted within 30 days
after acknowledgement of the agreement.
Should
any member state refuse to recognize the marketing authorization by the reference member state, on the grounds of potential serious risk
to public health, the issue will be referred to a coordination group. Within a timeframe of 60 days, member states shall, within
the coordination group, make all efforts to reach a consensus. If this fails, the procedure is submitted to an EMA scientific committee
for arbitration. The opinion of this EMA Committee is then forwarded to the European Commission, for the start of the decision-making
process. As in the centralized procedure, this process entails consulting various European Commission Directorates General and the Standing
Committee on Human Medicinal Products.
Data
Exclusivity
In
the U.K. and EU, marketing authorization applications for generic medicinal products do not need to include the results of pre-clinical
and clinical trials, but instead can refer to the data included in the marketing authorization of a reference product for which regulatory
data exclusivity has expired. If a marketing authorization is granted for a medicinal product containing a new active substance, that
product benefits from eight years of data exclusivity, during which generic marketing authorization applications referring to the
data of that product may not be accepted by the regulatory authorities, and a further two years of market exclusivity, during which
such generic products may not be placed on the market. The two-year period may be extended to three years if during the first eight years
a new therapeutic indication with significant clinical benefit over existing therapies is approved.
Orphan
Medicinal Products
The
EMA’s Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (“COMP”), may recommend orphan medicinal product designation to
promote the development of products that are intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of life-threatening or chronically debilitating
conditions affecting not more than five in 10,000 persons in the EU. Additionally, orphan designation is granted for products intended
for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of a life-threatening, seriously debilitating or serious and chronic condition and when, without
incentives, it is unlikely that sales of the product in the U.K. and EU would be sufficient to justify the necessary investment in developing
the medicinal product. The COMP may only recommend orphan medicinal product designation when the product in question offers a significant
clinical benefit over existing approved products for the relevant indication. Following a positive opinion by the COMP, the European
Commission generally grants orphan status within 30 days. When the draft decision of the European Commission is not aligned with
the COMP opinion, the COMP will reassess orphan status in parallel with EMA review of a marketing authorization application and orphan
status may be withdrawn at if the drug no longer fulfills the orphan criteria (for instance, because a new product was approved for the
indication and no data is available to demonstrate a significant benefit over that new product). Orphan medicinal product designation
entitles a party to financial incentives such as reduction of fees or fee waivers and ten years of market exclusivity is granted following
marketing authorization. During this period, the competent authorities may not accept or approve any similar medicinal product for the
same therapeutic indication, unless it offers a significant clinical benefit or if the holder of the marketing authorization for the
original orphan drug is unable to supply sufficient quantities of the drug. This period may be reduced to six years if the orphan medicinal
product designation criteria are no longer met, including where it is shown that the product is sufficiently profitable not to justify
maintenance of market exclusivity.
Pediatric
Development
In
the EU and the U.K., companies developing a new medicinal product must agree to a Pediatric Investigation Plan (“PIP”),
with the EMA or the MHRA and must conduct pediatric clinical trials in accordance with that PIP unless a waiver applies, for example,
because the relevant disease or condition occurs only in adults. The marketing authorization application for the product must include
the results of pediatric clinical trials conducted in accordance with the PIP, unless a waiver applies, or a deferral has been granted,
in which case the pediatric clinical trials must be completed at a later date. Products that are granted a marketing authorization on
the basis of the pediatric clinical trials conducted in accordance with the PIP are eligible for a six-month extension of the protection
under a supplementary protection certificate (if the product covered by it qualifies for one at the time of approval). This pediatric
reward is subject to specific conditions and is not automatically available when data in compliance with the PIP are developed and submitted.
If
we fail to comply with applicable foreign regulatory requirements, we may be subject to, among other things, fines, suspension of clinical
trials, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution.
In
addition, most countries are parties to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971,
which governs international trade and domestic control of narcotic substances, including cannabis extracts. Countries may interpret and
implement their treaty obligations in a way that creates a legal obstacle to our obtaining marketing approval for our product candidates
in those countries. These countries may not be willing or able to amend or otherwise modify their laws and regulations to permit our
product candidates to be marketed, or achieving such amendments to the laws and regulations may take a prolonged period of time. In that
case, we would be unable to market our products in those countries in the near future or perhaps at all.
In
the U.K., medicinal products are subject to extensive regulation by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”),
which is an executive agency, sponsored by the Department of Health and Social Care. MHRA regulates by ensuring that medicines, medical
devices and blood components for transfusion meet applicable standards of safety, quality and efficacy, in addition to supporting innovation
and research and development that is beneficial to public health.
Reimbursement
Sales
of pharmaceutical products in the U.S. will depend, in part, on the extent to which the costs of the products will be covered by third-party
payers, such as government health programs, and commercial insurance and managed health care organizations. These third-party payers
are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services. Additionally, the containment of health care costs
has become a priority of federal and state governments, and the prices of drugs have been a focus in this effort. The U.S. government,
state legislatures and foreign governments have shown significant interest in implementing cost-containment programs, including price
controls, utilization management and requirements for substitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost-containment
measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures, could further limit our net
revenue and results. If these third-party payers do not consider our products to be cost effective compared to other available therapies,
they may not cover our products after approval as a benefit under their plans or, if they do, the level of payment may not be sufficient
to allow us to sell our products on a profitable basis.
The
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (“MMA”), imposed requirements for the distribution
and pricing of prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries and included a major expansion of the prescription drug benefit under Medicare
Part D. Under Part D, Medicare beneficiaries may enroll in prescription drug plans offered by private entities that provide
coverage of outpatient prescription drugs. Part D is available through both stand-alone prescription drug benefit plans and prescription
drug coverage as a supplement to Medicare Advantage plans. Unlike Medicare Parts A and B, Part D coverage is not standardized. Part D
prescription drug plan sponsors are not required to pay for all covered Part D drugs, and each drug plan can develop its own drug
formulary that identifies which drugs it will cover and at what tier or level. However, Part D prescription drug formularies must
include drugs within each therapeutic category and class of covered Part D drugs, though not necessarily all the drugs in each category
or class. Any formulary used by a Part D prescription drug plan must be developed and reviewed by a pharmacy and therapeutic committee.
Government payment for some of the costs of prescription drugs may increase demand for products for which we receive marketing approval.
However, any negotiated prices for our products covered by a Part D prescription drug plan will likely be lower than the prices
we might otherwise obtain. Moreover, while the MMA applies only to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payers often follow
Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own payment rates. Any reduction in payment that results from the MMA
may result in a similar reduction in payments from nongovernmental payers.
On
February 17, 2009, President Obama signed into law The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. This law provides funding
for the federal government to compare the effectiveness of different treatments for the same illness. This research is overseen by the
Department of Health and Human Services, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Institutes for Health, and periodic
reports on the status of the research and related expenditures must be made to Congress. Although the results of the comparative effectiveness
studies are not intended to mandate coverage policies for public or private payers, it is not clear how such a result could be avoided
and what if any effect the research will have on the sales of our product candidates, if any such product or the condition that it is
intended to treat is the subject of a study. It is also possible that comparative effectiveness research demonstrating benefits in a
competitor’s product could adversely affect the sales of our product candidates. Decreases in third-party reimbursement for our
product candidates or a decision by a third-party payer to not cover our product candidates could reduce physician usage of the product
candidate and have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations and financial condition.
The
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively,
the “ACA”) was enacted in March 2010. The ACA was enacted with the goal of expanding coverage for the uninsured
while at the same time containing overall health care costs. With regard to pharmaceutical products, among other things, the ACA expanded
and increased industry rebates for drugs covered under Medicaid programs and made changes to the coverage requirements under the Medicare
D program. We still cannot fully predict the impact of the ACA on pharmaceutical companies as many of the ACA reforms require the promulgation
of detailed regulations implementing the statutory provisions which has not yet been completed, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services has publicly announced that it is analyzing the ACA regulations and policies that have been issued to determine if changes should
be made. In addition, although the U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of most of the ACA, some states have stated their
intentions to not implement certain sections of the ACA and some members of Congress are still working to repeal the ACA. These challenges
add to the uncertainty of the changes enacted as part of the ACA. In addition, the current legal challenges to the ACA, as well as Congressional
efforts to repeal the ACA, add to the uncertainty of the legislative changes enacted as part of the ACA.
In
addition, in some foreign countries, the proposed pricing for a drug must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements
governing drug pricing vary widely from country to country. For example, some EU jurisdictions operate positive and negative list systems
under which products may only be marketed once a reimbursement price has been agreed. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval, some
of these countries may require the completion of clinical trials that compare the cost-effectiveness of a particular product candidate
to currently available therapies. Other member states allow companies to fix their own prices for medicines but monitor and control company
profits. Such differences in national pricing regimes may create price differentials between EU member states. There can be no assurance
that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations for pharmaceutical products will allow favorable reimbursement
and pricing arrangements for any of our products. Historically, products launched in the EU do not follow price structures of the U.S.
In the EU, the downward pressure on healthcare costs in general, particularly prescription medicines, has become intense. As a result,
barriers to entry of new products are becoming increasingly high and patients are unlikely to use a drug product that is not reimbursed
by their government or other public or private payers.
Other
Health Care Laws and Compliance Requirements
In
the U.S., our activities are potentially subject to regulation by various federal, state and local authorities in addition to the FDA,
including the CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (e.g., the Office of Inspector General), the U.S.
Department of Justice and individual U.S. Attorney offices within the Department of Justice, and state and local governments. For example,
sales, marketing and scientific/educational grant programs must comply with the anti-fraud and abuse provisions of the Social Security
Act, the False Claims Act, the privacy provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and similar state laws,
each as amended. Pricing and rebate programs must comply with the Medicaid rebate requirements of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
of 1990 and the Veterans Health Care Act of 1992 (“VHCA”), each as amended. If products are made available to authorized
users of the federal supply schedule, additional laws and requirements apply. Under the VHCA, drug companies are required to offer certain
drugs at a reduced price to a number of federal agencies including the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs and U.S. Department of
Defense, the Public Health Service and certain private Public Health Service-designated entities in order to participate in other federal
funding programs including Medicare and Medicaid. In addition, discounted prices must be offered for certain U.S. Department of
Defense purchases for its TRICARE program via a rebate system. Participation under the VHCA requires submission of pricing data and calculation
of discounts and rebates pursuant to complex statutory formulas, as well as the entry into government procurement contracts governed
by the federal acquisition regulations.
In
order to distribute products commercially, we must comply with state laws that require the registration of manufacturers and wholesale
distributors of pharmaceutical products in a state, including, in certain states, manufacturers and distributors who ship products into
the state, even if such manufacturers or distributors have no place of business within the state. Several states have enacted legislation
requiring pharmaceutical companies to establish marketing compliance programs, file periodic reports with the state, make periodic public
disclosures on sales and marketing activities or register their sales representatives. Other legislation has been enacted in certain
states prohibiting certain other sales and marketing practices. All of our activities are potentially subject to federal and state consumer
protection and unfair competition laws. Likewise, these activities are subject to authorization or license requirements, or other legal
requirements, under EU or EU member states’ law, or the law of other countries where we operate or have products manufactured or
distributed.
Cost
of Compliance with Environmental Laws.
Our
operations are subject to regulations under various federal, state, local and foreign laws concerning the environment, including laws
addressing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, and the
cleanup of contaminated sites. We could incur substantial costs, including cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions and third-party
damage or personal injury claims, if in the future we were to violate or become liable under environmental laws. We are not aware of
any costs or effects of our compliance with environmental laws.
Employees
and Human Capital Management
As
of July 2, 2021, we and our subsidiaries had six full-time employees. Two of these employees are located in the U.K., and four are located
in the U.S.
In
addition, we employ a limited number of part-time employees on a temporary basis, as well as scientific advisors, consultants and service
providers, mainly through academic institutions and contract research organizations.
We
have never had a work stoppage and none of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements or represented by a labor union.
We believe that we have good relationships with our employees.
Our
human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing, and integrating our existing
and new employees, advisors, and consultants. The principal purposes of our equity and cash incentive plans are to attract, retain and
reward personnel through the granting of stock-based and cash-based compensation awards, in order to increase stockholder value and the
success of our company by motivating such individuals to perform to the best of their abilities and achieve our objectives.
In
response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we focused our health and safety efforts on protecting our employees and their families. We swiftly
implemented changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees and the communities in which we operate, and which
are aligned with guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and in compliance with state and local regulations. This
includes having all of our employees work from home.
COVID-19
In
December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, which causes the infectious disease known as COVID-19, was reported in Wuhan, China. The
World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” on January 30, 2020 and
a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. In March and April of 2020, many U.S. states and foreign countries began issuing ‘stay-at-home’
orders.
Enrollment
of patients in our clinical trials, maintaining patients in our ongoing clinical trials, doing follow up visits with recruited patients
and collecting data have been, and may continue to be, delayed or limited as certain of our clinical trial sites limit their onsite staff
or temporarily close as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing government restrictions. In addition, patients may not be able
or willing to visit clinical trial sites for dosing or data collection purposes due to limitations on travel and physical distancing
imposed or recommended by federal or state governments or patients’ reluctance to visit the clinical trial sites during the pandemic.
These factors resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could delay or prevent the anticipated readouts from our clinical trials.
The
pandemic is continuing and the full extent to which COVID-19 will ultimately impact us depends on future unknowable developments, including
the duration and spread of the virus, the efficacy, availability and willingness of individuals to take vaccines, as well as potential
new seasonal outbreaks.
We
plan to continue to evaluate our business operations based on new information as it becomes available regarding the pandemic and will
make changes that we consider necessary in light of any new developments.
Properties
None.
Legal
Proceedings
From
time to time, we may be a party to litigation that arises in the ordinary course of our business.
Such
current litigation or other legal proceedings are described in “Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies”, under the
heading “Litigation and Other Loss Contingencies”, in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2020 included in this prospectus, and in “Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies”, under the heading “Litigation
and Other Loss Contingencies”, in the unaudited financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021 included in this
prospectus. We believe that the resolution of currently pending matters will not individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition or results of operations. However, assessment of the current litigation or other legal claims could
change in light of the discovery of facts not presently known to us or by judges, juries or other finders of fact, which are not in accord
with management’s evaluation of the possible liability or outcome of such litigation or claims.
Additionally,
the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against our company in a reporting period
for amounts in excess of management’s expectations, our financial condition and operating results for that reporting period could
be materially adversely affected.
Corporate
History
Formation
We
were formed as a blank check company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 7, 2016. We were formed for the purpose
of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, stock purchase, asset acquisition or other similar business combination with one or more
operating businesses. Since formation, we focused our efforts on acquiring an operating company in the healthcare and related wellness
industry although our efforts in identifying a prospective target business were not limited to a particular industry.
Initial
Public Offering
On
June 7, 2017, pursuant to the Company’s Initial Public Offering (the “IPO”), the Company sold 11,500,000 Units
at a purchase price of $10.00 per Unit, inclusive of 1,500,000 Units sold to the underwriters on June 23, 2017 upon the underwriters’
election to fully exercise their over-allotment option, generating gross proceeds of $115,000,000. Each “Unit” consisted
of one share of the Company’s common stock, one right to receive one-tenth of one share of the Company’s common stock upon
the consummation of a business combination (“Right”), and one redeemable warrant to purchase one-half of one share
of the Company’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”). Each Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one-half
of one share of common stock at an exercise price of $5.75 per half share ($11.50 per whole share), subject to adjustment. No fractional
shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants became exercisable on the later of (i) 30 days after
the completion of the initial business combination and (ii) 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering, and expire five
years after the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The
Company may redeem the Public Warrants, in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant upon 30 days’ notice (“30-day
redemption period”), only in the event that the last sale price of the common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for
any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is
given, provided there is an effective registration statement with respect to the shares of common stock underlying such Public Warrants
and a current prospectus relating to those shares of common stock is available throughout the 30-day redemption period. If the Company
calls the Public Warrants for redemption as described above, the Company’s management will have the option to require all holders
that wish to exercise Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” In determining whether to require all holders to exercise
their Public Warrants on a “cashless basis,” management will consider, among other factors, the Company’s cash position,
the number of Public Warrants that are outstanding and the dilutive effect on the Company’s stockholders of issuing the maximum
number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Public Warrants. Each holder of a Right received one-tenth (1/10)
of one share of common stock upon consummation of the Business Combination. No fractional shares were issued upon exchange of the Rights.
Private
Placement
Concurrent
with the closing of the IPO, the Sponsor and the underwriters purchased an aggregate of 450,000 unregistered Units (“Private
Units”) at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $4,500,000 in a private placement. In addition, on June 23, 2017,
the Company consummated the sale of an additional 52,500 Private Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit, which were purchased by the Sponsor
and underwriters, generating gross proceeds of $525,000. Of these, 377,500 Private Units were purchased by the Sponsor and 125,000 Private
Units were purchased by the underwriters. The proceeds from the Private Units were added to the net proceeds from the IPO held in a Trust
Account (the “Trust Account”). The Private Units (including their component securities) were not transferable, assignable
or salable until 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination and the warrants included in the Private Units (the “Private
Placement Warrants”) will be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor, the underwriters or their permitted transferees.
If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the Sponsor, the underwriters or their permitted transferees, the Private
Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the warrants included in the
Units sold in the IPO. In addition, for as long as the Private Placement Warrants are held by the underwriters or its designees or affiliates,
they may not be exercised after five years from the effective date of the registration statement related to the IPO. Otherwise, the Private
Placement Warrants have terms and provisions that are identical to those of the warrants sold as part of the Units in the IPO and have
no net cash settlement provisions.
Business
Combination
On
July 25, 2019, we entered into a Business Combination Agreement (as amended from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”),
with KBL Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (“180”),
Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“Katexco”), CannBioRex Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“CBR Pharma”), 180
Therapeutics L.P. (“180 LP” and together with Katexco and CBR Pharma, the “180 Subsidiaries” and,
together with 180 Life Sciences Corp., the “180 Parties”), and Lawrence Pemble, in his capacity as representative
of the stockholders of the 180 Parties. The business combination described in the Business Combination Agreement (the “Business
Combination”), closed and became effective on November 6, 2020 (the “Closing”). Pursuant to the Business
Combination Agreement, among other things, Merger Sub merged with and into 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). In connection with, and prior to, the Closing, 180 Life Sciences Corp. filed
a Certificate of Amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation in Delaware to change its name to 180 Life Corp., and our company (which
was known as of our entry into the Business Combination as KBL Merger Corp. IV, changed our name to 180 Life Sciences Corp.).
180
was incorporated in Delaware on January 28, 2019. Prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, 180 operated through three subsidiaries:
180 LP, a Delaware limited partnership formed on September 6, 2013; Katexco, a company incorporated in British Columbia, Canada on March
7, 2018; and CBR Pharma, a company incorporated in British Columbia, Canada on March 8, 2018.
In
July 2019, 180 and each of 180 LP, Katexco and CBR Pharma completed a corporate restructuring, pursuant to which 180 LP, Katexco and
CBR Pharma became wholly-owned subsidiaries of 180LS (the “Reorganization”). The corporate restructuring arrangements
with respect to Katexco and CBR Pharma were completed under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).
On
November 6, 2020, the Company consummated the Business Combination following a special meeting of stockholders held on November 5, 2020,
where the stockholders of the Company considered and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt the Business Combination. Pursuant
to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, Merger Sub merged with and into 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving
entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Merger became effective on November 6, 2020 (such time, the “Effective
Time”, and the closing of the Merger being referred to herein as the “Closing”). In connection with, and
prior to, the Closing, 180 filed a Certificate of Amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation in Delaware to change its name to 180
Life Corp. and KBL Merger Corp. IV changed its name to 180 Life Sciences Corp.
At
the Effective Time, each share of 180 common stock issued and outstanding prior to the Effective Time was automatically converted into
the right to receive approximately 168.3784 shares of the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (such shares of Common
Stock issuable to the common stockholders of 180 pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, the “Merger Consideration Shares”).
An aggregate of 16,989,989 shares of common stock have been issued to date to the common stockholders of 180 as Merger Consideration
Shares, including the Escrow Shares (as defined below). Also at the Effective Time, each share underlying the 180 preferred stock issued
and outstanding prior to the Effective Time was converted into the right to receive one Class C Special Voting Share of the Company,
or one Class K Special Voting Share of the Company, as applicable (such shares, the “Special Voting Shares”). The
Special Voting Shares entitle the holder thereof to an aggregate number of votes, on any particular matter, proposition or question,
equal to the number of Exchangeable Shares (as defined below) of each of CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC and Katexco Purchaseco ULC, Canadian
subsidiaries of 180, respectively, that are outstanding from time to time.
As
a result of the Merger, the existing exchangeable shares (collectively, the “Exchangeable Shares”) of CannBioRex Purchaseco
ULC and/or Katexco Purchaseco ULC were adjusted in accordance with the share provisions in the articles of CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC
or Katexco Purchaseco ULC, as applicable, governing the Exchangeable Shares such that they were multiplied by the exchange ratio for
the Merger and became exchangeable into shares of Common Stock. The Exchangeable Shares entitle the holders to dividends and other rights
that are substantially economically equivalent to those of holders of Common Stock, and holders of Exchangeable Shares have the right
to vote at meetings of the stockholders of the Company. An aggregate of 510,011 shares of Common Stock are reserved for issuance to the
holders of the Exchangeable Shares upon the exchange thereof.
Pursuant
to the Business Combination Agreement, 1,499,999 of the Merger Consideration Shares (such shares, the “Escrow Shares”)
were deposited into an escrow account (the “Escrow Account”) to serve as security for, and the exclusive source of
payment of, the Company’s indemnity rights under the Business Combination Agreement, all of which will be released to the same
stockholders 12 months following the Closing of the Business Combination.
As
a result of the Business Combination, the former stockholders of 180 became the controlling stockholders of the Company and 180 became
a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse merger, whereby 180 is considered the
acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes.
In
connection with the Closing, the Company withdrew $9,006,493 of funds from the Trust Account (as defined below) to fund the redemptions
of 816,461 shares.
The
chart below shows our current organizational structure:
About
Us
Our
principal executive offices are located at 3000 El Camino Real, Bldg. 4, Suite 200, Palo Alto, CA 94306, and our telephone number
is (678) 507-0669. We maintain a website at www.180lifesciences.com. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus
the information in, or that can be accessed through, our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus.
Jumpstart
Our Business Startups Act
In
April 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) was enacted into law. The JOBS Act provides,
among other things:
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Exemptions
for “emerging growth companies” from certain financial disclosure and governance requirements for up to five years and
provides a new form of financing to small companies;
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Amendments
to certain provisions of the federal securities laws to simplify the sale of securities and increase the threshold number of record
holders required to trigger the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act;
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Relaxation
of the general solicitation and general advertising prohibition for Rule 506 offerings;
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Adoption
of a new exemption for public offerings of securities in amounts not exceeding $50 million; and
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Exemption
from registration by a non-reporting company of offers and sales of securities of up to $1,000,000 that comply with rules to be adopted
by the SEC pursuant to Section 4(6) of the Securities Act and exemption of such sales from state law registration, documentation
or offering requirements.
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In
general, under the JOBS Act a company is an “emerging growth company” if its initial public offering (“IPO”) of
common equity securities was affected after December 8, 2011 and the company had less than $1.07 billion of total annual gross revenues
during its last completed fiscal year. A company will no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company” after the earliest
of
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(i)
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the
completion of the fiscal year in which the company has total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more,
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(ii)
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the
completion of the fiscal year of the fifth anniversary of the company’s IPO;
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(iii)
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the
company’s issuance of more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt in the prior three-year period, or
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(iv)
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the
company becoming a “large accelerated filer” as defined under the Exchange Act.
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The
JOBS Act provides additional new guidelines and exemptions for non-reporting companies and for non-public offerings. Those exemptions
that impact the Company are discussed below.
Financial
Disclosure. The financial disclosure in a registration statement filed by an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the
Securities Act, will differ from registration statements filed by other companies as follows:
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(i)
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audited
financial statements required for only two fiscal years (provided that “smaller reporting companies” such as the Company
are only required to provide two years of financial statements);
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(ii)
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selected
financial data required for only the fiscal years that were audited (provided that “smaller reporting companies” such
as the Company are not required to provide selected financial data as required by Item 301 of Regulation S-K); and
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(iii)
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executive
compensation only needs to be presented in the limited format now required for “smaller reporting companies”.
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However,
the requirements for financial disclosure provided by Regulation S-K promulgated by the Rules and Regulations of the SEC already provide
certain of these exemptions for smaller reporting companies. The Company is a smaller reporting company. Currently a smaller reporting
company is not required to file as part of its registration statement selected financial data and only needs to include audited financial
statements for its two most current fiscal years with no required tabular disclosure of contractual obligations.
The
JOBS Act also exempts the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm from having to comply with any rules adopted
by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) after the date of the JOBS Act’s enactment,
except as otherwise required by SEC rule.
The
JOBS Act further exempts an “emerging growth company” from any requirement adopted by the PCAOB for mandatory rotation of
the Company’s accounting firm or for a supplemental auditor report about the audit.
Internal
Control Attestation. The JOBS Act also provides an exemption from the requirement of the Company’s independent registered public
accounting firm to file a report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, although management of the Company
is still required to file its report on the adequacy of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Section
102(a) of the JOBS Act exempts “emerging growth companies” from the requirements in §14A(e) of the Exchange
Act for companies with a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act to hold stockholder votes for executive compensation and
golden parachutes.
Other
Items of the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can communicate with potential investors
that are qualified institutional buyers or institutions that are accredited to determine interest in a contemplated offering either prior
to or after the date of filing the respective registration statement. The JOBS Act also permits research reports by a broker or dealer
about an “emerging growth company” regardless of whether such report provides sufficient information for an investment decision.
In addition, the JOBS Act precludes the SEC and FINRA from adopting certain restrictive rules or regulations regarding brokers, dealers
and potential investors, communications with management and distribution of research reports on the “emerging growth company’s”
initial public offerings (IPOs).
Section
106 of the JOBS Act permits “emerging growth companies” to submit registration statements under the Securities Act on a confidential
basis provided that the registration statement and all amendments thereto are publicly filed at least 21 days before the issuer conducts
any road show. This is intended to allow “emerging growth companies” to explore the IPO option without disclosing to the
market the fact that it is seeking to go public or disclosing the information contained in its registration statement until the company
is ready to conduct a roadshow.
Election
to Opt Out of Transition Period. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts “emerging growth companies” from being
required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities
Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required
to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standard.
The
JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to
non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of the transition
period.
MANAGEMENT
Executive
Officers and Directors
The
following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date of this prospectus. Directors are
elected for a period of one year and thereafter serve until the next annual meeting at which their successors are duly elected by the
stockholders.
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
Position
|
|
Date
First
Appointed
as Officer
or Directors
|
|
Director
Class*
|
Lawrence
Steinman, M.D.
|
|
73
|
|
Executive
Co-Chairman
|
|
November
2020
|
|
Class
I
|
Sir
Marc Feldmann, Ph.D.
|
|
76
|
|
Executive
Co-Chairman
|
|
November
2020
|
|
Class
II
|
James
N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D.
|
|
78
|
|
Chief
Executive Officer and Director
|
|
November
2020
|
|
Class
I
|
Jonathan
Rothbard, Ph.D.
|
|
69
|
|
Chief
Scientific Officer
|
|
November
2020
|
|
--
|
Ozan
Pamir
|
|
30
|
|
Interim
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
|
|
November
2020
|
|
--
|
Larry
Gold, Ph.D.
|
|
79
|
|
Director
|
|
November
2020
|
|
Class
II
|
Donald
A. McGovern, Jr.
|
|
70
|
|
Director
|
|
November
2020
|
|
Class
II
|
Russell
T. Ray, MBA
|
|
74
|
|
Director
|
|
July
2021
|
|
Class
I
|
Teresa
M. DeLuca, M.D., MBA
|
|
55
|
|
Director
|
|
July
2021
|
|
Class
II
|
Francis
Knuettel II, MBA
|
|
55
|
|
Director
|
|
July
2021
|
|
Class
I
|
Pamela
G. Marrone, Ph.D.
|
|
64
|
|
Director
|
|
July
2021
|
|
Class
II
|
|
*
|
Terms
expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2021 (Class I) and 2022 (Class II).
|
There
is no arrangement or understanding between our directors and executive officers and any other person pursuant to which any director or
officer was or is to be selected as a director or officer, and there is no arrangement, plan or understanding as to whether non-management
stockholders will exercise their voting rights to continue to elect the current board of directors (the “Board”). There are
also no arrangements, agreements or understandings to our knowledge between non-management stockholders that may directly or indirectly
participate in or influence the management of our affairs.
Biographical
Information about our Directors
Lawrence
Steinman, M.D. — Executive Co-Chairman (Class I Director)
Lawrence
Steinman, M.D. has served as Co-Executive Chairman since the Closing of the Business Combination in November 2020. He also
has primary scientific responsibility for our á7nAChR platform.
Dr. Steinman served as Co-Chairman of 180 and as a member of its board of directors since April 2019. Prior to joining 180,
he served on the Board of Directors of Centocor Biotech, Inc., from 1989 to 1998, the Board of Directors of Neurocine Biosciences
from 1997 to 2005, the Board of Directors of Atreca from 2010 – 2019, the Board of Directors of BioAtla (NASDAQ:BCAB)
from 2016 to present, the Board of Directors of Tolerion, Inc. from 2013 to 2020 and the Board of Directors of Alpha5 Integrin
from 2020 to the present, and the Board of Directors of Pasithea from 2020 to the present. He is currently the George A. Zimmermann
Endowed Chair in the Neurology Department at Stanford University and previously served as the Chair of the Interdepartmental Program
in Immunology at Stanford University Medical School from 2003 to 2011. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and
the National Academy of Sciences. He also founded the Steinman Laboratory at Stanford University, which is dedicated to understanding
the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. He received the Frederic Sasse
Award from the Free University of Berlin in 1994, the Sen. Jacob Javits Award from the U.S. Congress in 1988 and 2002, the John
Dystel Prize in 2004 from the National MS Society in the U.S., the Charcot Prize for Lifetime Achievement in Multiple Sclerosis
Research in 2011 from the International Federation of MS Societies and the Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine by the
Feinstein Institute of Molecular Medicine in 2015. He also received an honorary Ph.D. at the Hasselt University in 2008. He received
his BA (physics) from Dartmouth College in 1968 and his MD from Harvard University in 1973. He also completed a fellowship in
chemical immunology at the Weizmann Institute (1974 – 1977) and was an intern and resident at Stanford University Medical
School. We believe Dr. Steinman’s extensive experience leading the research and development of numerous therapeutics qualify
him to serve as a director.
Sir
Marc Feldmann, Ph.D. — Executive Co-Chairman (Class II Director)
Sir
Marc Feldmann, Ph.D. has served as Co-Executive Chairman since the Closing of the Business Combination in November 2020. He also
has primary scientific responsibility for our synthetic CBD analogues programs. Prof. Feldmann has served as Co-Chairman of 180
and as a member of its board of directors since April 2018. Since August 2018, Prof. Feldmann has served as a director of Enosi Life
Sciences Corp., a company which he founded that is a pre-clinical company focused on cancer and autoimmune deficiencies. He is an Emeritus
Prof. at the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences at Oxford. He is
recognized as an expert in the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics and has published over 700 papers reflecting an overarching
commitment to both the cellular aspects of inflammatory autoimmune biology messenger molecules, cytokines and therapeutic applications.
In 1983, he published a new hypothesis for the mechanism of induction of autoimmune diseases, highlighting the role of cytokines, which
are potent signaling proteins and drive important processes like inflammation, immunity and cell growth. In collaboration with Sir Ravinder
Maini, he showed that TNF was a key driver of rheumatoid arthritis, and that blocking it was beneficial, in novel test tube systems (in
vitro) using human disease tissue from rheumatoid joints, animal models and a series of clinical trials. They developed a key patent
for the targeting of excessive TNF Alpha and its optimal use, which was licensed to Centocor and eventually led to the acquisition of
Centocor by Johnson & Johnson. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Pathologists. In recognition
of his work, which has led to anti-TNF currently being the best-selling drug class in the world, Prof. Feldmann was elected to the Academy
of Medical Sciences and the Royal Society in London, a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and a Foreign Member of the National
Academy of Sciences, USA. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2010 for his outstanding services to medicine, and also received the
Australian equivalent, Companion of Honour (AC). He was awarded the Crafoord Prize in 2000, the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical
Research in 2003, the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics by the University of Edinburgh in 2004, the European Inventor Award (Lifetime Achievement)
by the European Patent Office in 2007, the John Curtin Medal of the Australian National University in 2007 and the Dr. Paul Janssen Award
for Biomedical Research in 2008, the Ernst Schering Prize in 2010 and the Gairdner International Award in 2014. He graduated with an
MBBS degree from the University of Melbourne in 1967 and earned a Ph.D. in Immunology at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical
Research in 1972. He undertook postdoctoral research at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund’s Tumour Immunology Unit in 1972 before
moving to the Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre in 1985, which later merged with the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology which then
joined the Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College in 2000 and was transferred to the University of Oxford in 2011. We believe Prof.
Feldmann’s significant and successful experience leading the research and development of numerous therapeutics make him qualified
to serve as a director.
James
N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D. — Chief Executive Officer and Director (Class I Director)
James
N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D. has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a director since the Closing
of the Business Combination in November 2020. Dr. Woody has served as the CEO of 180 since July 2020, and as a director of 180 Life Sciences
since September 2020. Dr. Woody was a founder and served as Chairman of the Board of Directors for Viracta Pharmaceuticals, a lymphoma
therapeutic company (July 2014 to December 2020). With the company undergoing a reverse merger into a public company, he resigned his
Board member position and continues as a Board observer. He served as a General Partner of Latterell Venture Partners (February 2006
to December 2019) then moved to a Venture Partner position, for the two remaining LVP legacy companies, Viracta (NASDAQ:VIRX), and Perceptimed,
a Pharmacy management company, where he continues to serves on the Board. He serves as an interim CEO for MaraBio Systems Inc., a startup
autism diagnostic company, a position he held since November 2018, and also serves as Chairman of the Board for Enosi Life Sciences,
a next generation TNF inhibitor company, which position he has held since July 2020. He served as a Board member of Integenix Inc. (2012
to 2018), and Neuraltus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (February 2009 to December 2019). Dr. Woody was the founding CEO and Chairman of the Board
of OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2004 to 2014), a NASDAQ listed company with a focus on antibodies targeting cancer stem cells. He previously
served as a member of the Board of Directors of Protein Simple, formerly Cell Biosciences (2005 to 2014), acquired by Bio-Techne; Forte
Bio Corporation, acquired by PALL in 2012 (2005 to 2012); Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc. (2004 to 2012); Femta Pharmaceuticals (2008 to 2012);
and Proteolix, Inc. (2005 to 2009), acquired by Onyx for the multiple myeloma drug Carfilzomib. Dr. Woody also served on the Board of
Directors of Talima Therapeutics, Inc. (2007 to 2011); HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2009 to 2013); Calistoga (2009 to 2011), acquired
by Gilead for the lymphoma drug Idealasib (Zeldig); Tetralogic (2008 to 2014), a NASDAQ listed company; and Avidia (2003 to 2006), acquired
by Amgen. From 1996 to 2004, He was President and General Manager of Roche Biosciences, Palo Alto, California (formerly Syntex), where
he had responsibility for all bioscience research and development, ranging from genetics and genomics to clinical development of numerous
new pharmaceuticals, as well as former Syntex administrative matters. From 1991 to 1996, Dr. Woody served as Senior Vice President of
Research and Development and Chief Scientific Officer of Centocor, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, where he assisted in the development
of several new major antibody-based therapeutics in the fields of oncology and autoimmune and cardiovascular disease, including Remicade®,
a multi-billion dollar pharmaceutical. Prior to that time, He served as a Medical Officer in the U.S. Navy, retiring as a CAPT (06) and
as Commanding Officer of the Naval Medical Research and Development Command in 1991. Dr. Woody and his colleagues, with U.S. Navy and
Congressional approval, founded the National Marrow Donor Program. He is a member of the Research Advisory Committee for the Veterans
Gulf War Illness. Dr. Woody was a member of the Board of Directors of the Lucille Packard (Stanford) Children’s Hospital (LPCH)
in Palo Alto, California, (July 2002 to December 2020), serving as Chairman of the LPCH Quality Service and Safety Committee and a Member
of the Patient Safety Oversight Committee. Dr. Woody also is a member of the Stanford Medical School Dean’s Research Committee
and Stanford “SPARK” research initiatives program. Dr. Woody received a B.S. in Chemistry from Andrews University,
Berrien Springs, Michigan, an M.D. from Loma Linda University and Pediatric Subspecialty Training at Duke University School of Medicine
and Harvard University School of Medicine. He received a Ph.D. in Immunology from the University of London, England. We believe that
his expertise and experience in the life sciences and venture capital industries and his educational background make him qualified to
serve as a director.
Larry
Gold, Ph.D. — Class II Director
Larry
Gold, Ph.D. has served as a director of our company since the Closing of the Business Combination in November 2020. Dr. Gold is the
Founder and Chairman Emeritus of the Board, and former CEO of SomaLogic. Prior to SomaLogic, he also founded and was the Chairman of
NeXagen, Inc., which later became NeXstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In 1999, NeXstar merged with Gilead Sciences, Inc. to form a global organization
committed to the discovery, development and commercialization of novel products that treat infectious diseases. During his nearly 10
years at NeXstar, Dr. Gold held numerous executive positions including Chairman of the Board, Executive Vice President of R&D, and
Chief Science Officer. Before forming NeXagen, he also co-founded and served as Co-Director of Research at Synergen, Inc., a biotechnology
company later acquired by Amgen, Inc. Dr. Gold recently became the Chairman of Lab79, a new biotech company in Boulder, Colorado. Since
1970, Dr. Gold has been a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder. While at the University, he served as the Chairman of the
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department from 1988 to 1992. Between 1995 and 2013, Dr. Gold received the CU Distinguished
Lectureship Award, the National Institutes of Health Merit Award, the Career Development Award, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the
Colorado Biosciences Association, and the Chiron Prize for Biotechnology. Dr. Gold was also awarded the 8th International Steven Hoogendijk
Prize by the Dutch Batavian Society of Experimental Philosophy in 2018. In addition, Dr. Gold has been a member of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences since 1993 and the National Academy of Sciences since 1995. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors.
Dr. Gold also serves on the Board of Directors for CompleGen, Lab79, CNS Biosciences, Keck Graduate Institute, and the Biological Sciences
Curriculum Study. Dr. Gold established the Gold Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1971. Starting with basic research on bacteria
and bacteriophage, the lab shifted its focus to human disease following the invention of the SELEX process in 1989. The Gold Lab today
focuses on the utilization of biological and information technology to improve healthcare. Dr. Gold also began holding the GoldLab Symposia
in 2010, an annual event that tackles big questions in healthcare. He is determined to change healthcare for the better through teaching,
research, and debate among scientists and citizens throughout the world. Dr. Gold received a BA in 1963 in Biochemistry from Yale University,
a Ph.D. in 1967 in Biochemistry from the University of Connecticut, and was an NIH Postdoctoral Fellow until 1969 at Rockefeller University.
Donald
A. McGovern, Jr. — Class II Director
Donald
A. McGovern, Jr. has served as a director of our company since the Closing of the Business Combination in November 2020 and became
our lead director on March 30, 2021. Mr. McGovern is a retired Vice Chairman, Global Assurance, of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC).
Through decades of leadership at PwC and board experience, Mr. McGovern brings wide-ranging operational, financial, accounting and audit
and public company experience. He currently serves on the board of Cars.com. Mr. McGovern joined the Board of Cars.com in May 2017 upon
the spinout of Cars.com from Tegna creating a new public company listed on the NYSE. Cars.com is a leading two-sided digital automotive
marketplace. Mr. McGovern is chair of the Audit Committee, an audit committee financial expert under SEC regulations, and a member of
the Compensation Committee. His past public board experience has been with CRH, plc. Mr. McGovern served two three-year terms (2013 – 2019)
on the Board of CRH. During his tenure, he was Senior Independent Director, chair of the Remuneration Committee, a member of the Nomination
Committee and of the Audit Committee and an audit committee financial expert under US SEC and UK FRC regulations. CRH is headquartered
in Dublin, Ireland and listed on the London, Irish and New York Stock Exchanges. His past private company board experience includes Neuraltus
Pharmaceuticals (2014 – 2019) and eASIC Corp (2016 – 2018). Mr. McGovern joined the Board of Neuraltus
in preparation for Neuraltus doing a potential IPO. Neuraltus was a privately held, venture capital backed biopharmaceutical company
dedicated to the development of therapeutics to treat neurological disorders. Mr. McGovern was chair of the Audit Committee and Compensation
Committee. Mr. McGovern joined the Board of eASIC as the Company was in the process of filing a Form S-1 registration statement for an
IPO. eASIC, a privately held, venture capital backed, fabless semiconductor company, was acquired by Intel Corporation. Mr. McGovern
was chair of the Audit Committee and member of the Nomination Committee.
He
is by background a High Technology Industry Assurance partner and served as the global engagement partner, lead audit partner, or concurring
partner, for numerous Silicon Valley and other US public companies such as Cisco Systems, Applied Materials, Schlumberger, Ltd., Hewlett-Packard,
Agilent Technologies, Nvidia, eBay, and Varian Medical. He also has served Silicon Valley pre-IPO companies and during his career had
been involved in over 35 IPOs. He has extensive experience for SEC current reporting and securities filings related to initial public
offerings and other SEC registration statements, due diligence, mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, divestitures and risk management.
Mr.
McGovern spent 39 years at PwC including 26 years as a partner. Mr. McGovern was Vice Chairman, Global Assurance Leader and a member
of the PwC Global Network Executive Team, from July 2008 until his retirement from PwC on June 30, 2013. He had been the Managing Partner
of the firm’s Silicon Valley Office from July 2001 to June 2007 and previously held other operating roles. In April 2001, Mr. McGovern
was elected to the PwC Board of Partners and Principals of the US firm as well as to PwC’s Global Board. He was the first ever
lead director for the US Board (2001 – 2005) and was elected to serve 2 terms on each Board.
Mr.
McGovern is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and has an active CPA license to practice in California,
Illinois and New York. He received a BA from Marquette University in 1972 and received an MBA from DePaul University in 1975. He also
attended the Executive Program for Growing Companies of the Stanford University Graduate School of Business in 1992.
Russell
T. Ray, MBA – Class I Director
Russell
T. Ray, MBA has served as a director of our company since July 9, 2021. Mr. Ray was a Senior Advisor to HLM Venture Partners, a healthcare
venture capital firm, from February 2017 to December 2017 and from January 2014 to December 2015. From January 2016 to February 2017,
Mr. Ray was a Managing Director and Vice Chairman of Healthcare Investment Banking at Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, an
investment banking firm, with a focus on health care investments. From September 2003 to September 2015, Mr. Ray served as a Partner
and Senior Advisor with HLM Venture Partners, a Health Care focused Venture Capital Firm that invests in health care services, health
care information technology and medical technology companies. Prior to his work with HLM, he served as Managing Director and President
(and was also the founder) of Chesapeake Strategic Advisors (2002 to 2003), which invested in health care services, health care information
technology and medical technology companies. Mr. Ray was formerly Managing Director and Co-Head of Global Health Care at Credit Suisse
First Boston Corporation (1999 to 2002) where he led a 50-person team with offices in Baltimore, Chicago, London, New York and San Francisco
focused on providing corporate finance and M&A advisory services to private and public companies in the biotechnology, health care
services and health care information technology sectors. From 1987 to 1999, Mr. Ray was a Managing Director and Global Co-Head of Healthcare
Investment Banking at Deutsche Bank and its predecessor entities, BT Alex. Brown and Alex. Brown & Sons. Mr. Ray served on the board
of directors of Allergan, Inc. from 2003 to 2015. Mr. Ray also serves as Chairman of the Audit and Finance Committee of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. (NASDAQ:MACK) (which position he has held since January 2015), which specializes in developing drugs for the treatment of cancer.
Mr.
Ray is a former Captain in the United States Army and recipient of the Bronze Star Medal, two Air Medals and two Army Commendation Medals
for Meritorious Service. He obtained a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Engineering from the United States Military Academy at West
Point, a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from the University of Washington, a Master of Science
degree from the University of Pennsylvania in both Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and received a Master of Business Administration
degree in Finance from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania.
Teresa
M. DeLuca, M.D., MBA – Class II Director
Teresa
M. DeLuca, M.D., MBA, has served as a director of our company since July 9, 2021. Dr. DeLuca is a physician executive and psychiatrist
in New York, New York, resuming her own practice, since January 2020. Dr. DeLuca previously served as a Managing Director at Columbia
University’s NY Life Science Venture Fund from January 2018 to December 2019. Her responsibilities as Managing Director included
leading a consortium of 12 private/public institutions (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Columbia, CUNY, Einstein, Hospital for Special
Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Mount Sinai, NYU, Rockefeller University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Stony Brook,
Weil Cornell), and providing due diligence support for potential investments, partnerships, acquisitions, commercialization, licensing,
and IPOs. Before that she served as Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New
York City from August 2014 to December 2017 and as the Chief Medical Officer of Magellan Pharmacy Solutions at Magellan Health from December
2012 to July 2014. Prior to that, she served as SVP of Pharmacy Health Solutions at Humana, VP of Clinical Sales Solutions & National
Medical Director at Walgreen Co., and VP of Personalized Medicine as well as VP of Medical Policy & Clinical Quality at Medco. Prior
to taking on these executive leadership roles, Dr. DeLuca was a Senior Medical Scientist at GlaxoSmithKline. Dr. DeLuca served as a director
at North Bud Farms, Inc., a pharmaceutical company from May 2018 to February 2020 (CSE:NBUD) and has served as a director of Surgery
Partners, Inc. (NASDAQ:SGRY), a leading operator of surgical facilities and ancillary services, since September 2016, and also currently
serves on the Audit Committee and Chair Compliance and Ethics Committee of the Board of Directors of Surgery Partners, Inc.
Dr.
DeLuca received a Bachelor’s degree from the University of Rochester / LIU. Dr. DeLuca received her M.B.A. from Drexel University
and her M.D. from St. Georges University School of Medicine in Grenada, before undertaking her residency at Thomas Jefferson University
Medical School. A strong advocate for good board governance, in 2016, Dr. DeLuca earned the Carnegie Mellon Cybersecurity certificate
and continues to maintain good standing with the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) as a Board Leadership Fellow (Masters
Level), and in 2020 Dr. DeLuca passed the NACD’s “Directorship Certified” examination (NACD.DC). Dr. DeLuca was also
named “2020 Director to Watch” in the Directors & Board Annual Report.
Francis
Knuettel II, MBA – Class I Director
Francis
Knuettel II, MBA has been a director of our company since July 2, 2021. Mr. Knuettel has over 25 years of management experience in
venture and private-equity backed public companies, and has advised public and private companies on financial management and controls,
mergers and acquisitions, capital markets transactions and operating and financial restructurings. Mr. Knuettel has served as the Chief
Executive Officer and director of Terra Tech Corp. (OTCQX:TRTC), a vertically integrated company focused on the cannabis sector with
operations in California and Nevada, since December 2020. Mr. Knuettel was formerly Director of Capital and Advisory at Viridian Capital
Advisors, a position he held from June 2020 to January 2021, following the sale but prior to the close of the acquisition of One Cannabis
Group, Inc. (“OCG”) by an OTCQX listed company. At OCG, Mr. Knuettel served from June 2019 to January 2021 as Chief Financial
Officer of the company, a leading cannabis dispensary franchisor, with over thirty cannabis dispensaries across seven states. Prior to
joining OCG, Mr. Knuettel was Chief Financial Officer at MJardin Group, Inc. (“MJardin”) (August 2018 to January 2019), a
Denver-based cannabis cultivation and dispensary management company, where he led the company’s IPO on the Canadian Securities
Exchange. Following the IPO, Mr. Knuettel managed the merger with GrowForce, a Toronto-based cannabis cultivator, after which he moved
over to the Chief Strategy Role (January 2019 to June 2019). In his role as CSO, he managed the acquisition of several private companies
before recommending and executing the consolidation of management and other operations to Toronto and the closure of the executive office
in Denver. From April to August 2018, Mr. Knuettel served as Chief Financial Officer of Aqua Metals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AQMS), an advanced
materials firm that developed technology in battery recycling. Prior to that, from April 2014 to April, 2018, Mr. Knuettel served as
Chief Financial Officer at Marathon Patent Group, Inc. (NASDAQ:MARA), a patent enforcement and licensing company. Before that, Mr. Knuettel
held numerous CFO and CEO positions at early-stage companies where he had significant experience both building and restructuring businesses.
He currently serves on the Board of Directors and in various committee roles of two private companies, one developing an anti-viral platform
and the other focused on smart intubation devices. Mr. Knuettel graduated cum laude from Tufts University with a B.A. degree in Economics
and from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania with an M.B.A. in Finance and Entrepreneurial Management.
Pamela
G. Marrone, Ph.D. – Class II Director
Pamela
G. Marrone, Ph.D. has been a director of our company since July 2, 2021. Dr. Marrone served as Chief Executive Officer and founder
of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. (NASDAQ:MBII), a natural products company producing pest management and plant health products, from
April 2006 until her retirement in August 2020, and continues to serve on the Board of Directors of such company. She also served as
President of Marrone Bio from 2006 through January 2015 and from September 2015 to August 2017. Dr. Marrone is currently Executive Chairperson
and Partner of Primary BioAg Innovations and Global BioAg Linkages, a pair of companies founded to help sincere innovators scale their
bioag and agtech businesses and gain market adoption. Prior to founding Marrone Bio, in 1995 Dr. Marrone founded AgraQuest, Inc. (acquired
by Bayer), where she served as chief executive officer until May 2004 and as President or Chairman from such time until March 2006, and
where she led teams that discovered and commercialized several bio-based pest management products. She served as founding president and
business unit head for Entotech, Inc., a biopesticide subsidiary of Denmark-based Novo Nordisk A/S (acquired by Abbott Laboratories),
from 1990 to 1995, and held various positions at the Monsanto Company from 1983 until 1990, where she led the Insect Biology Group, which
was involved in pioneering projects in transgenic crops, natural products and microbial pesticides. Dr. Marrone is an author of over
a dozen invited publications, an inventor on more than 300 patents and is in demand as a speaker and has served on the boards and advisory
councils of numerous professional and academic organizations. In 2016, Dr. Marrone was elected to the Cornell University Board of Trustees
and completed her four-year term in July 2020. In 2013, Dr. Marrone was named the Sacramento region’s “Executive of the Year”
by the Sacramento Business Journal and “Cleantech Innovator of the Year” by the Sacramento Area Regional Technology Alliance
and Best Manager with Strategic Vision by Agrow in 2014. In January 2019, she was awarded the “Sustie” award by the Ecological
Farming Association for her decades-long leadership in sustainable agriculture. In March 2020, she was awarded the Most Admired CEO,
Distinguished Career Award by the Sacramento Business Journal. Dr. Marrone earned a B.S. in Entomology from Cornell University and a
Ph.D. in Entomology from North Carolina State University.
Director
Qualifications
The
Board believes that each of our directors is highly qualified to serve as a member of the Board. Each of the directors has contributed
to the mix of skills, core competencies and qualifications of the Board. When evaluating candidates for election to the Board, the Board
seeks candidates with certain qualities that it believes are important, including integrity, an objective perspective, good judgment,
and leadership skills. Our directors are highly educated and have diverse backgrounds and talents and extensive track records of success
in what we believe are highly relevant positions.
Biographical
Information about our Executive Officers
Below
is biographical information about the executive officers of our company, other than those executive officers who also serve on our Board
of Directors, for whom biographical information can be found above.
Jonathan
Rothbard, Ph.D. — Chief Scientific Officer
Jonathan
Rothbard, Ph.D. has served as our Chief Scientific Officer since the Closing of the Business Combination in November 2020. Dr. Rothbard
has served as the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer of Katexco since November 2018. Previously, he helped found ImmuLogic
Pharmaceutical Corp., in Palo Alto, California, where he served as Chief Scientific Officer from 1989 to 1995, founded Amylin in San
Diego, California in 1989, and CellGate in Redwood City, California, where he served as Chief Scientific Officer from 1998 to 2004. Dr.
Rothbard also served on the faculty of the Department of Neurology at Stanford University Medical School and on the faculties of the
Department of Chemistry and the Department of Rheumatology. He also previously served as the head of the Molecular Immunology Laboratory
at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund in London. Dr. Rothbard received his BA from Hamilton College in 1973 and his Ph.D. from Columbia
University in 1977 and completed post-doctoral fellowships at The Rockefeller University and Stanford University Medical School.
Ozan
Pamir, CFA — Interim Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
Ozan
Pamir has served as our interim Chief Financial Officer since November 2020. Mr. Pamir has also served as the Chief Financial Officer
and as a member of the Board of Directors of 180, our wholly-owned subsidiary following the Closing of the Business Combination, since
October 2018. Mr. Pamir has also served as the Chief Financial Officer and as a member of the Board of Directors of Unify Pharmaceuticals
since August 2019, and as the Chief Financial Officer of Enosi Life Sciences between May 2020 and April 2021, both of which are pre-clinical
companies focused on autoimmune diseases. Previously, Mr. Pamir served in various positions with Echelon Wealth Partners, a leading Canadian
investment bank, from June 2014 to October 2018, including Investment Banking Analyst (June 2014 – June 2015), Senior Associate,
Investment Banking (June 2015 – September 2017) and Vice President of Investment Banking (September 2017 – October 2018),
as well as Investment Banking Analyst of OCI Groups from October 2013 to June 2014. Mr. Pamir holds an Economics and Finance degree from
McGill University and is a CFA Charterholder.
Family
Relationships
There
are no family relationships among executive officers and directors.
Classified
Board of Directors
The
board is divided into two classes. At each annual general meeting of stockholders, the successors to directors whose terms then expire
will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the second annual meeting following the election. The directors
are divided among the two classes as follows:
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the
Class I directors are Lawrence Steinman, James N. Woody, Russell T. Ray and Francis Knuettel
II, and their terms expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2021; and
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the
Class II directors are Larry Gold, Sir Marc Feldmann, Donald A. McGovern, Jr., Teresa M.
DeLuca and Pamela G. Marrone, and their terms expire at the annual meeting of stockholders
to be held in 2022.
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Any
additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among the two classes so that, as
nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-half of the directors. The division of the board of directors
into two classes with staggered two-year terms may delay or prevent a change of our management or a change in control.
Arrangements
between Officers and Directors
There
is no arrangement or understanding between our directors and executive officers and any other person pursuant to which any director or
officer was or is to be selected as a director or officer. There are also no arrangements, agreements or understandings to our knowledge
between non-management stockholders that may directly or indirectly participate in or influence the management of our affairs.
Other
Directorships
Other
than Mr. McGovern (who serves on the Board of Directors of Cars.com), Prof. Steinman (who serves on the Board of Directors of BioAtla
(NASDAQ:BCAB)), Mr. Ray (who serves on the Board of Directors of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:MACK)), Dr. DeLuca (who serves
on the Board of Directors of Surgery Partners, Inc. (NASDAQ:SGRY)), Mr. Knuettel (who serves on the Board of Directors of Terra Tech
Corp. (OTCQX:TRTC)), and Dr. Marrone (who serves on the Board of Directors of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. (NASDAQ:MBII)), none of the
directors of our company are also directors of issuers with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (or
which otherwise are required to file periodic reports under the Exchange Act).
Involvement
in Certain Legal Proceedings
To
the best of our knowledge, during the past ten years, none of our directors or executive officers were involved in any of the following:
(1) any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at
the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time; (2) any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being a named subject
to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses); (3) being subject to any order, judgment, or
decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining,
barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; (4) being found
by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the SEC or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal
or state securities or commodities law; (5) being the subject of, or a party to, any Federal or State judicial or administrative order,
judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of (i) any Federal or
State securities or commodities law or regulation; (ii) any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies
including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary
or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order; or (iii) any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or
fraud in connection with any business entity; or (6) being the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed,
suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act), any registered entity
(as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that
has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
Committees
of the Board of Directors
Our
board of directors has four standing committees: an audit committee, a compensation committee, a nominating and corporate governance
committee, and a risk, safety and regulatory committee. All four committees are composed solely of independent directors. We filed
a copy of our audit committee charter and our compensation committee charter as exhibits to the registration statement that we
filed in connection with our IPO. We filed a copy of our nominating and corporate governance committee charter as an exhibit to
our Current Report on Form 8-K that we filed with the SEC on November 12, 2020. We filed a copy of our risk, safety and regulatory
committee charter as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 that we filed with
the SEC on July 9, 2021. You can review the charters for our standing committees by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s
web site at www.sec.gov. The current members of the committees of our board of directors are as follows:
Director Name
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Independent
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Audit
Committee
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Compensation
Committee
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Nominating and
Corporate Governance
Committee
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Risk, Safety and Regulatory
Committee
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Lawrence Steinman, M.D. (1)
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Sir Marc Feldmann, Ph.D. (1)
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James N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D.
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Larry Gold, Ph.D.
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M
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C
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Donald A. McGovern, Jr. (2)
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Russell T. Ray, MBA
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M
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Teresa DeLuca, M.D., MBA
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M
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Francis Knuettel II, MBA
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M
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Pamela G. Marrone, Ph.D.
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(1)
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Co-Executive
Chairman of the Board of Directors.
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(2)
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Lead
independent director.
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Chairperson
of the Committee.
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Member
of the Committee.
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Audit
Committee
NASDAQ
listing standards and applicable SEC rules require that the audit committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors.
We have established an audit committee of the board of directors, which currently consists of Donald A. McGovern, Jr. (Chair), Larry
Gold, Ph.D., Russell T. Ray, MBA and Francis Knuettel II, MBA. Each member of the audit committee meets the independent director standard
under NASDAQ’s listing standards and under Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Exchange Act. Each member of the audit committee is financially
literate and our board of directors has determined that Mr. McGovern qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as
defined in applicable SEC rules.
Responsibilities
of the audit committee include:
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the
appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent
registered public accounting firm and any other independent registered public accounting
firm engaged by us;
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pre-approving
all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting
firm or any other registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval
policies and procedures;
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reviewing
and discussing with the independent registered public accounting firm all relationships the
firm have with us in order to evaluate their continued independence;
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setting
clear hiring policies for employees or former employees of the independent registered public
accounting firm;
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setting
clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
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obtaining
and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent registered public accounting
firm describing (i) the independent auditor’s internal quality-control procedures and
(ii) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer
review, of the audit firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional
authorities, within, the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried
out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues;
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reviewing
and approving any related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404
of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC prior to us entering into such transaction; and
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reviewing
with management, the independent registered public accounting firm, and our legal advisors,
as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence
with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that
raise material issues regarding our consolidated financial statements or accounting policies
and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the Financial
Accounting Standards Board, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
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Compensation
Committee
We
have established a compensation committee of the board of directors. The members of our compensation committee are Teresa DeLuca MD,
Ph.D. (Chair), Donald A. McGovern, Jr., Russell T. Ray, MBA and Pamela G. Marrone, Ph.D. We have adopted a compensation committee charter,
which details the principal functions of the compensation committee, including:
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reviewing
and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief
Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance
in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if
any) of our Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation in executive session at which
the Chief Executive Officer is not present;
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reviewing
and approving the compensation of all of our other executive officers;
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reviewing
our executive compensation policies and plans;
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implementing
and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans;
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assisting
management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;
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approving
all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit
arrangements for our executive officers and employees;
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producing
a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and
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reviewing,
evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.
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The
compensation committee charter also provides that the compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice
of a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser and will be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight
of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel
or any other adviser, the compensation committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors required
by NASDAQ and the SEC.
Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee
We
have established a nominating and corporate governance committee of the board of directors. The members of our compensation committee
are Larry Gold, Ph.D. (Chair), Russell T. Ray, MBA and Teresa DeLuca MD, MBA. Our board has determined that each member is independent
under applicable NASDAQ listing standards. We have adopted a compensation committee charter, which details the principal functions of
the nominating and corporate governance committee. Specific responsibilities of the nominating and corporate governance committee include:
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making
recommendations to our Board regarding candidates for directorships;
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making
recommendations to our Board regarding the size and composition of our Board;
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overseeing
our corporate governance policies and reporting; and
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making
recommendations to our Board concerning governance matters.
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Risk,
Safety and Regulatory Committee
In
May 2021, the Board of Directors adopted a charter of a Risk, Safety and Regulatory Committee, which committee is tasked with, among
other things, overseeing our risk management policies and procedures, reviewing our principal risk and compliance policies and our approach
to risk management, dealing with risk identification and risk assessment for the principal operational, business, compliance and ethics
risks facing our company, whether internal or external in nature including, but not limited to, the risks and incident responses associated
with: information security; business continuity and disaster recovery; vendor management; operations risks; supply chain risks; employment
and workplace conduct practices; safety and environmental matters; and legal risks, overseeing our compliance programs, reviewing our
compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and corporate policies (including our Code of Ethics), overseeing significant complaints
and other matters raised through our compliance reporting mechanisms, including the review and investigation of such matters as necessary,
reviewing significant government inquiries or investigations and other significant legal actions, reviewing information about current
and emerging legal and regulatory compliance risks and enforcement trends that may affect our business operations, performance or strategy,
meeting, and reviewing and discussing with management the implementation and enforcement of policies, standards, procedures and risk
management programs, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations, related to the manufacture and supply of products consistent
with applicable high-quality and medical product safety standards. The members of our Risk, Safety and Regulatory Committee are Pamela
G. Marrone, Ph.D. (Chair), Donald A. McGovern, Jr., and Francis Kneuttel II, MBA. Our board has determined that each member is independent
under applicable NASDAQ listing standards.
Code
of Ethics
We
have adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees, which we filed as an exhibit to the registration statement
that we filed in connection with our IPO. You can review our Code of Ethics by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s web site
at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of our Code of Ethics will be provided without charge upon request from us. We intend to disclose
any amendments to or waivers of certain provisions of our Code of Ethics in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Director
Independence
Our
board of directors has determined that each of Donald A. McGovern, Jr., Larry Gold, Ph.D., Russell T. Ray, MBA, Teresa M. DeLuca, M.D.,
MBA, Pamela G. Marrone, Ph.D. and Francis Knuettel II, MBA is an independent director as defined under the NASDAQ rules governing members
of boards of directors and as defined under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. As described in greater detail below, although we have not
been in compliance with the NASDAQ continued listing rules that require a majority of a listed company’s board of directors be
independent and that require an audit committee consisting of at least three members, we are in compliance with such rules as of the
date of this prospectus.
On
January 5, 2021, the Company received a letter from the NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC that the Company was no longer in compliance with NASDAQ
Listing Rules 5605(b)(1) and 5605(c)(2), which require that the Company’s board of directors be comprised of a majority of independent
directors and that the Company have an Audit Committee consisting of at least three independent members, respectively (the “Continued
Listing Rules”).
NASDAQ
provided the Company 45 days, or until February 19, 2021, to submit to NASDAQ a plan detailing how the Company intended to regain compliance
with the rules. The Company timely submitted such plan and on March 1, 2021, the Company received notice from NASDAQ that the Company
has been granted an extension until June 30, 2021 to regain compliance with the Continued Listing Rules. In the event the Company did
not regain compliance within the extension period, NASDAQ would provide the Company written notice of the delisting of the Company’s
securities, at which time the Company may appeal the decision to a Hearings Panel.
On
May 27, 2021 and June 10, 2021, we issued Current Reports on Form 8-K announcing that four independent directors will be joining our
Board effective on the earlier of (a) the business day following the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2020 with the SEC and (b) June 28, 2021. On June 28, 2021, we issued another Current Report on Form 8-K announcing that
two of such independent directors (Russell T. Ray, MBA, Teresa M. DeLuca, M.D., MBA) will be joining our Board effective immediately
following the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and that the other two of such independent
directors (Pamela G. Marrone, Ph.D. and Francis Knuettel II, MBA) will be joining our Board effective on the earlier of (a) immediately
following the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and (b) July 2, 2021. As a result
of the foregoing appointments to our Board, and related appointments to our Audit Committee, we have been advised by Nasdaq that is has
determined that we are in compliance with the above-noted NASDAQ Listing Rules, and that this matter is now closed.
EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION
Compensation
of Directors and Officers by KBL Merger Corp. IV
prior
to the Closing of the Business Combination
None
of the executive officers or directors of KBL, including Marlene Krauss, M.D., the Chief Executive Officer of KBL until the Closing of
the Business Combination, were paid cash compensation in connection with services rendered to our company for the years ended December
31, 2020 and 2019. Commencing on June 2, 2017 through the Closing of the Business Combination, we paid our Sponsor a total of $10,000
per month for administrative support and associated costs. Our Sponsor, executive officers and directors, or any of their respective
affiliates, were reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf, such as identifying
potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Our independent directors prior to the Closing
of the Business Combination reviewed on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our Sponsor, officers, directors or our or their
affiliates. All of the directors and executive officers of KBL immediately prior to the Closing of the Business Combination resigned
from their positions upon the Closing of the Business Combination.
In
addition to the foregoing, on June 12, 2020, KBL entered into a resignation agreement with Dr. Krauss, whereby, among other things, upon
the closing of the Business Combination, the employment of Dr. Krauss with the combined company would be terminated, and KBL became obligated
to pay a cash severance payment of $500,000 to Dr. Krauss (of which $200,000 was paid during September 2020). As of December 31, 2020,
there are no balances outstanding due to Dr. Krauss.
Compensation
of Officers by 180 Life Sciences Corp.
following
the Closing of the Business Combination
General
Upon
the Closing of the Business Combination, James N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D., the Chief Executive Officer of 180, was appointed to serve as the
Chief Executive Officer of our company, and Jonathan Rothbard, Ph.D., the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer of Katexco,
was appointed to serve as the Chief Scientific Officer of our company. Also following the Closing of the Business Combination, Ozan Pamir,
the Chief Financial Officer of 180, continued to serve in that position for 180, and on November 27, 2020, he was appointed to serve
as the Interim Chief Financial Officer of our company.
A
description of the employment or services agreements with each of the foregoing persons is set forth below.
Description
of Employment Agreements
James
N. Woody 180 Employment Agreement
James
N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D. and 180 entered into an employment agreement on July 1, 2020 (which agreement was amended on September 18, 2020),
effective as of July 1, 2020, whereby Dr. Woody served as the Chief Executive Officer of 180 and began serving as our Chief Executive
Officer following the Closing of the Business Combination. The initial term of the employment agreement started on July 1, 2020, is for
a period of one (1) year and is subject to automatic renewal for consecutive one (1) year terms unless either party provides 60 days’
notice. Dr. Woody’s annual base salary was initially $250,000 per year from July 1, 2020 to September 1, 2020, and increased to
$360,000 per year on September 1, 2020, provided that all salary was accrued and continues to be accrued. The agreement provides that
Dr. Woody’s salary is to be renegotiated with the completion of the next qualified financing of over $20 million. Dr. Woody
is eligible to participate in any stock option plans and receive other equity awards, as determined from time to time.
James
N. Woody Amended and Restated Employment Agreement
On
February 25, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with James N. Woody (the “A&R Agreement”),
dated February 24, 2021, and effective November 6, 2020, which replaced and superseded the July 2020 agreement with 180 as discussed
above. Pursuant to the A&R Agreement, Dr. Woody agreed to serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The agreement replaced
his prior agreement with the Company. The A&R Agreement has a term of three years, and is automatically renewable thereafter for
additional one-year periods, unless either party provides the other at least 90 days written notice of their intent to not renew the
agreement. Dr. Woody’s annual base salary under the agreement will initially be $450,000 per year. The annual salary is also subject
to automatic 5% yearly increases.
Dr.
Woody is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, with a target bonus equal to 45% of his then-current base salary, based upon
the Company’s achievement of performance and management objectives as set and approved by the board of directors and/or Compensation
Committee in consultation with Dr. Woody. At Dr. Woody’s option, the annual bonus can be paid in cash or the equivalent value of
the Company’s common stock or a combination therefore. The board of directors, as recommended by the Compensation Committee, may
also award Dr. Woody bonuses from time to time (in stock, options, cash, or other forms of consideration) in its discretion.
As
additional consideration for Dr. Woody agreeing to enter into the agreement, the Company awarded him options to purchase 1,400,000 shares
of the Company’s common stock, which have a term of 10 years, and an exercise price of $4.43 per share (the closing sales price
on the date the board of directors approved the grant (February 26, 2021)). The options as subject to the Company’s 2020 Omnibus
Incentive Plan and vest at the rate of (a) 1/5th of such options on the grant date; and (b) 4/5th of such options vesting ratably
on a monthly basis over the following 36 months on the last day of each calendar month; provided, however, that such options vest immediately
upon Dr. Woody’s death or disability, termination without cause or a termination by Dr. Woody for good reason (as defined in the
agreement), a change in control of the Company or upon a sale of the Company. Under the employment agreement, Dr. Woody is also eligible
to participate in any stock option plans and receive other equity awards, as determined by the board of directors from time to time.
The
agreement can be terminated any time by the Company for cause (subject to the cure provisions of the agreement), or without cause (with
60 days prior written notice to Dr. Woody), by Dr. Woody for good reason (as described in the agreement, and subject to the cure provisions
of the agreement), or by Dr. Woody without good reason. The agreement also expires automatically at the end of the initial term or any
renewal term if either party provides notice of non-renewal as discussed above.
In
the event the A&R Agreement is terminated without cause by the Company, or by Dr. Woody for good reason, the Company agreed to pay
him the lesser of 18 months of salary or the remaining term of the agreement, the payment of any accrued bonus from the prior year, his
pro rata portion of any current year’s bonus and health insurance premiums for the same period that he is to receive severance
payments (as discussed above).
The
A&R Agreement contains standard and customary invention assignment, indemnification, confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions,
which remain in effect for a period of 24 months following the termination of his agreement.
Dr.
Rothbard’s Employment Agreement
Our
indirect wholly-owned subsidiary Katexco entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Rothbard on November 1, 2018. The agreement provides
for an indefinite term that continues until termination. The initial annual base salary set forth in the agreement is $300,000, with
annual increases as determined by the board of directors. Any bonuses, including stock options, are in the sole discretion of Katexco,
depending on financial circumstances and the performance of the services under the agreement.
The
agreement provides that Dr. Rothbard is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans that are established from time to time,
including group health insurance, accidental death and dismemberment, group life insurance, short-term disability insurance, long-term
disability insurance, drug coverage and dental coverage.
The
agreement also provides Dr. Rothbard with severance benefits if his employment is terminated without “just cause,”
subject to his compliance with the restrictive covenants described below and his timely execution and non-revocation of a general release
of claims.
In
the event Dr. Rothbard’s agreement is terminated without “just cause” (as defined in such agreement), Katexco
agreed pay a period of two weeks plus two weeks for each completed year of service, up to a cumulative maximum of 16 weeks of compensation.
If severance is paid in lieu of any amount of the required notice period, the amount of the severance pay will be equal to the then-current
base salary pro-rated for the covered period. Upon any termination of employment, including a termination for “just cause,”
Dr. Rothbard is entitled to the base salary, bonuses and stock options actually earned up to the date of termination.
Pursuant
to his agreement, Dr. Rothbard is subject to a six-month post-employment non-competition, non-solicitation and non-hire covenant.
As
noted above, upon the Closing of the Business Combination, Dr. Rothbard was appointed to serve as the Chief Scientific Officer of our
company.
On
August 21, 2019, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Dr. Rothbard which replaced his prior agreement, which was not
effective until the Closing Date, but became effective on such date. The Employment Agreement has a term of three years from the Closing
Date (i.e., until November 6, 2023), automatically extending for additional one-year terms thereafter unless either party terminates
the agreement with at least 90 days prior written notice before the next renewal date.
The
Employment Agreement provides for Dr. Rothbard to be paid a salary of $375,000 per year, with automatic increases in salary, on the first
anniversary of the effective date, and each anniversary thereafter, of 10%.
The
Employment Agreement provides for Dr. Rothbard to receive an annual bonus subject to meeting certain objectives set by the Board of Directors,
with a targeted bonus amount of 50% of his then salary, payable on or before February 15th of each year.
The
Employment Agreement also provides for Dr. Rothbard to earn equity compensation in the discretion of the Board of Directors. Dr. Rothbard
may also be issued bonuses, from time to time, in the discretion of the board of directors, which may be payable in cash, stock or options.
In
the event Dr. Rothbard’s employment is terminated by the Company without cause, by Dr. Rothbard for good reason (as discussed in
the employment agreement), or the agreement is not renewed by the Company, he is required to be paid 36 months of severance pay (if such
termination occurs during the first year of the term); 24 months of severance pay (if such termination occurs during the second year
of the term); and 12 months of severance pay (if such termination occurs after the second year of the term), along with any accrued bonus
amount and a pro rata annual bonus based on the targeted bonus, as well as the payment of health insurance premiums for the same period
over which he is required to be paid severance pay.
Ozan
Pamir Katexco Employment Agreement
Our
indirect wholly-owned subsidiary Katexco entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Pamir on October 22, 2018. The agreement provides
for an indefinite term that continues until termination. The initial annual base salary set forth in the agreement was CAD $120,000,
with annual increases as determined by the board of directors. The agreement also provided Mr. Pamir with a CAD $20,000 signing bonus.
Any bonuses, including stock options, are in the sole discretion of Katexco, depending on financial circumstances and the performance
of the services under the agreement. In 2019, the compensation was increased to $120,000 per annum in US dollars.
On
February 1, 2020, there was an amendment to Mr. Pamir’s consulting agreement with Katexco, whereby the contract was transferred
from Katexco to Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. – US.
Ozan
Pamir Company Employment Agreement
On
February 25, 2021, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement dated February 24, 2021, and effective November 6, 2020, which agreement
was amended and corrected on March 1, 2021, to be effective as of the effective date of the original agreement (which amendment and correction
is retroactively updated in the discussion of the agreement), with Ozan Pamir, the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, which
replaced and superseded Mr. Pamir’s agreement with Katexco, as discussed above. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Pamir agreed to
serve as the Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company; and the Company agreed to pay Mr. Pamir $300,000 per year. Such salary is
to be increased to a mutually determined amount upon the closing of a new financing, and shall also be increased on a yearly basis.
Under
the agreement, Mr. Pamir is eligible to receive an annual bonus, in a targeted amount of 30% of his then salary, based upon the Company’s
achievement of performance and management objectives as set and approved by the Chief Executive Officer, in consultation with Mr. Pamir.
The bonus amount is subject to adjustment. The board of directors, as recommended by the Compensation Committee of the Company (and/or
the Compensation Committee), may also award Mr. Pamir bonuses from time to time (in stock, options, cash, or other forms of consideration)
in its discretion.
As
additional consideration for Mr. Pamir agreeing to enter into the agreement, the Company awarded him options to purchase 180,000 shares
of the Company’s common stock, which have a term of 10 years, and an exercise price of $4.43 per share (the closing sales price
on the date the board of directors approved the grant (February 26, 2021)). The options as subject to the Company’s 2020 Omnibus
Incentive Plan and vest at the rate of (a) 1/5th of such options upon the grant date; and (b) 4/5th of such options vesting
ratably on a monthly basis over the following 36 months on the last day of each calendar month; provided, however, that such options
vest immediately upon Mr. Pamir’s death or disability, termination without cause or a termination by Mr. Pamir for good reason
(as defined in the agreement), a change in control of the Company or upon a sale of the Company. Under the employment agreement, Mr.
Pamir is also eligible to participate in any stock option plans and receive other equity awards, as determined by the board of directors
from time to time.
The
agreement can be terminated any time by the Company with or without cause with 60 days prior written notice and may be terminated by
Mr. Pamir at any time with 60 days prior written notice. The agreement may also be terminated by the Company with six days’ notice
in the event the agreement is terminated for cause under certain circumstances. Upon the termination of Mr. Pamir’s agreement by
the Company without cause or by Mr. Pamir for good reason, the Company agreed to pay him three months of severance pay.
The
agreement contains standard and customary invention assignment, indemnification, confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions, which
remain in effect for a period of 24 months following the termination of his agreement.
On
May 27, 2021, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Employment Agreement with Ozan Pamir (the “Second Amendment”).
The Second Amendment amended the terms of Mr. Pamir’s employment solely to provide that all compensation payable to Mr. Pamir under
such agreement would be paid directly by the Company.
Inflammation
consultancy Agreements with each of Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann and Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal
See
“Inflammation consultancy Agreements with each of Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann and Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal” under “Material
Agreements—Consulting Agreements”, in the section entitled “Business” above.
Prof
Jagdeep Nanchahal Consulting Agreement
See
“Prof Jagdeep Nanchahal Consulting Agreement” under “Material Agreements—Consulting Agreements”, in the
section entitled “Business”, above.
Summary
Compensation Table
The
following table sets forth certain information concerning compensation earned by or paid to certain persons who we refer to as our “Named
Executive Officers” for services provided for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Our Named Executive Officers
include persons who (i) served as our, or 180’s, principal executive officer or acted in a similar capacity during the years ended
December 31, 2020 and 2019, (ii) were serving at fiscal year-end as our two most highly compensated executive officers, other than the
principal executive officer, whose total compensation exceeded $100,000, and (iii) if applicable, up to two additional individuals for
whom disclosure would have been provided as a most highly compensated executive officer, but for the fact that the individual was not
serving as an executive officer at fiscal year-end.
As
noted above, none of the executive officers of KBL prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, including our former Chief Executive
Officer, received any cash compensation for their services.
Name
and Principal Positon
|
|
|
|
|
Salary
($)
|
|
|
Bonus
($)
|
|
|
All
Other Compensation
($)
|
|
|
Total
($)
|
|
James
N. Woody (1)
|
|
2020
|
|
|
$
|
175,166
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
90,000
|
|
|
$
|
265,166
|
|
Chief
Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozan
Pamir (2)
|
|
2020
|
|
|
$
|
187,000
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
112,750
|
(4)(6)
|
|
$
|
299,750
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
2019
|
|
|
$
|
108,604
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
93,832
|
(5)(6)
|
|
$
|
202,436
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jonathan
Rothbard, Ph.D. (3)
|
|
2020
|
|
|
$
|
333,968
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
333,968
|
|
Chief
Scientific Officer
|
|
2019
|
|
|
$
|
300,000
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
300,000
|
|
Does
not include perquisites and other personal benefits or property, unless the aggregate amount of such compensation is more than $10,000.
No executive officer earned any stock awards, option awards, non-equity incentive plan compensation or nonqualified deferred compensation
during the periods reported above. Option Awards and Stock Awards represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in
accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 718.
(1)
|
Dr.
Woody was a consultant of 180 from January 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020 and was paid $90,000 in consultant fees. On August 13, 2020,
effective July 1, 2020, Mr. Woody was hired as the Chief Executive Officer of 180, and of our Company, beginning November 6, 2020. Effective
November 6, 2020, Dr. Woody and the Company entered into an employment agreement which entitles Dr. Woody to an annual salary of $450,000
and a target bonus of 45%. As of the date of this filing, all of the amounts owed to Dr. Woody have been fully paid.
|
(2)
|
On
November 9, 2020, Mr. Pamir was hired as the Chief Financial Officer of 180, and, starting November 27, 2020, Interim Chief Financial
Officer of our Company. Effective November 9, 2020, Mr. Pamir has a new employment agreement which entitles him to an annual salary of
$300,000 and a target bonus of 30%. As of the date of this filing, all of the amounts owed to Mr. Pamir have been fully paid.
|
(3)
|
Dr.
Rothbard was the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer of Katexco, and Chief Scientific Officer of our Company following
the closing of the Business Combination. As of the Business Combination, Dr. Rothbard has a new employment agreement which entitles him
to an annual salary of $375,000 and a target bonus of 50%. As of the date of this filing, all of the amounts owed to Dr. Rothbard have
been fully paid via cash and issuance of stock.
|
(4)
|
Represents
consulting fees paid by CBR Pharma. The consulting agreement has been terminated.
|
(5)
|
Based
on a U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate of 1.3262 on December 31, 2019.
|
(6)
|
Based
on a U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate of 1.3649 on December 31, 2020.
|
Bonuses
No
bonuses were paid to the officers named in the table above, whether by 180 prior to the Closing of the Business Combination or by our
company following the Closing of the Business Combination, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 or 2019.
Stock
Options
No
stock options were granted to the officers named in the table above, whether by 180 prior to the Closing of the Business Combination
or by our company following the Closing of the Business Combination, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 or 2019.
Potential
Payments Upon Termination
Pursuant
to the employment agreements for Dr. Woody, Dr. Rothbard and Mr. Pamir, severance benefits will be paid in the event of a termination
without “just cause” (as defined in such agreements). Dr. Woody, in the event of such termination, is entitled to severance
payments in the form of continued base salary, for the lesser of eighteen (18) months or the then remaining term of the agreement, (ii)
payment of any accrued and unpaid annual bonus for any year preceding the year in which the employment terminates; (iii) payment
of a pro rata annual bonus for the year in which the employment terminates calculated by multiplying the target bonus amount by a fraction,
the numerator of which is the number of calendar days elapsed in the year as of the effective date of termination of employment and the
denominator of which is 365; and (iv) payment by the Company of Dr. Woody’s monthly health insurance premiums. For Dr. Rothbard,
in the event of such termination during his first year, Dr. Rothbard would be entitled to his then base salary for a period of 36 months,
during his second year, Dr Rothbard would be entitled to his then base salary for a period of 24 months, and 12 months if the termination
happens in the third year of Dr Rothbard’s employment or thereafter; (ii) payment of any accrued and unpaid annual bonus for any
year preceding the year in which the employment terminates; (iii) payment of a pro rata annual bonus for the year in which the employment
terminates calculated by multiplying the target bonus amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of calendar days elapsed
in the year as of the effective date of termination of employment and the denominator of which is 365; and (iv) payment by the Company
of monthly health insurance premiums. Mr. Pamir, in the event of such termination, would be entitled to an amount equal to his then current
base salary for a period of (3) months.
Outstanding
Equity Awards at Year Ended December 31, 2020
None
of our executive officers held any outstanding stock awards or option awards as of December 31, 2020.
Directors
who are not Named Executive Officers of our Company prior to the Closing of the Business Combination
|
|
Fees
earned or paid in cash
|
|
|
Stock/option
awards
|
|
|
All
other
compensation
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Name
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
Lawrence
Steinman
|
|
$
|
100,000
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
53,943
|
|
|
$
|
153,943
|
|
Sir
Marc Feldmann, Ph.D., M.D. (3)
|
|
$
|
156,963
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
156,963
|
|
Larry
Gold, Ph.D. (1) (2)
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
48,198
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
48,198
|
|
Donald
A. McGovern, Jr. (1) (2)
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
48,198
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
48,198
|
|
|
*
|
The
table above does not include the amount of any expense reimbursements paid to the above directors. No directors received any Non-Equity
Incentive Plan Compensation or Nonqualified Deferred Compensation. Does not include perquisites and other personal benefits, or property,
unless the aggregate amount of such compensation is more than $10,000.
|
|
(1)
|
On
December 3, 2020, we granted to each of Dr. Gold and Mr. McGovern options to purchase up to 25,000 shares of our common stock at
an exercise price of $2.49 per share. The options vest in equal monthly instalments over the 12 months after the grant date, subject
to such director’s continued service to our company on such vesting dates.
|
|
(2)
|
Represents
the aggregate grant date fair value of the award computed in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718. The assumptions
used in calculating the aggregate grant date fair value of the awards reported in this column are set forth in our consolidated financial
statements included in this prospectus.
|
|
(3)
|
Based
on a GBP to USD exchange rate of 1.30.
|
Equity
Compensation Plan Information
The
following table sets forth information, as of December 31, 2020, with respect to our compensation plans under which common stock is authorized
for issuance.
Plan
Category
|
|
Number
of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
(A)
|
|
|
Weighted-average
exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights
(B)
|
|
|
Number
of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in Column
A)
(C)
|
|
Equity
compensation plans approved by stockholders (1)
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
$
|
2.49
|
|
|
|
3,218,400
|
|
Equity
compensation plans not approved by stockholders (2)
|
|
|
63,658
|
|
|
$
|
5.28
|
|
|
|
3,154,742
|
|
(1)
|
This
relates to the options granted to Dr. Gold and Mr. McGovern. See “Note 15 – Stockholders Equity” of the Consolidated
Financial Statements included in this prospectus for the details of the stock options.
|
(2)
|
This
relates to the AGP warrants that were not issued as of December 31, 2020. See “Note 11 – Derivative Liabilities” of
the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this prospectus for the details of the AGP warrants.
|
BENEFICIAL
OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
The
following table sets forth, as of July 16, 2021, the number and percentage of outstanding shares of our common stock beneficially owned
by: (a) each person who is known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock; (b) each
of our directors; (c) each of our Named Executive Officers; and (d) all current directors and Named Executive Officers, as a group. As
of July16, 2021 (“Date of Determination”), there were 30,768,873 shares of common stock and no shares of preferred
stock issued and outstanding.
Beneficial
ownership has been determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act. Under this rule, certain shares may be deemed to
be beneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares).
In addition, shares are deemed to be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire shares (for example, upon
exercise of an option or warrant or upon conversion of a convertible security) within 60 days of the date as of which the information
is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person, the amount of shares is deemed to include the amount of shares beneficially
owned by such person by reason of such acquisition rights. As a result, the percentage of outstanding shares of any person as shown in
the following table does not necessarily reflect the person’s actual voting power at any particular date.
Beneficial
ownership as set forth below is based on our review of our record stockholders list and public ownership reports filed by certain stockholders
of the Company, and may not include certain securities held in brokerage accounts or beneficially owned by the stockholders described
below.
Unless
otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares
of common stock beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the entities, directors and executive
officers in this table is 3000 El Camino Real, Bldg. 4, Suite 200, Palo Alto, CA 94306.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owners
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
Common
Stock
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
|
|
|
Percent of Common Stock
|
|
Directors and Executive Officers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
James N. Woody
|
|
(1)
|
|
|
|
490,919
|
|
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
Jonathan Rothbard
|
|
|
|
|
|
560,449
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
%
|
Ozan Pamir
|
|
(2)
|
|
|
|
132,608
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Lawrence Steinman
|
|
|
|
|
|
592,359
|
|
|
|
1.9
|
%
|
Marc Feldmann
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,617,759
|
|
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
Donald A. McGovern, Jr.
|
|
(3)
|
|
|
|
19,170
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Larry Gold
|
|
(3)
|
|
|
|
18,768
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Francis Knuettel II
|
|
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Pamela G. Marrone
|
|
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Teresa M. DeLuca
|
|
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Russell T. Ray
|
|
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
All officers and directors as a group (11 persons)
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,432,092
|
|
|
|
14.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5% Stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ron Bauer
|
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
1,920,021
|
|
|
|
6.2
|
%
|
Craig Bridgman
|
|
(5)
|
|
|
|
1,585,056
|
|
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
(1)
|
Includes
options to purchase 16,667 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.43 per share, which have vested, and/or which vest within
60 days of the Date of Determination.
|
(2)
|
Includes
options to purchase 60,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.43 per share, which have vested, and/or which vest within
60 days of the Date of Determination.
|
(3)
|
Includes
options to purchase 16,667 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.49 per share, which have vested, and/or which vest within
60 days of the Date of Determination.
|
(4)
|
Includes
500,000 shares of common stock held by Tyche Capital LLC (1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801); 692,377
shares of common stock held by Theseus Capital Ltd. Mr. Bauer (One Capital Place, Third Floor, P.O. Box 1564, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands,
KY1-1110) beneficially owns the shares of common stock held by Tyche Capital LLC. and is the sole member and manager of Tyche Capital
LLC. Mr. Bauer beneficially owns the shares of Common Stock held by Theseus Capital Ltd. and is the sole shareholder of Theseus Capital
Ltd. Includes 727,644 shares of common stock held by Astatine Capital Ltd, a Cayman Islands company. Mr. Bauer disclaims beneficial ownership
(voting and/or dispositive power) over the shares held by Astatine Capital Ltd, which is controlled by Samantha Bauer, the wife of Ronald
Bauer. Address One Capital Place, Third Floor, P.O. Box 1564, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, KY1-1110.
|
(5)
|
Includes
shares of common stock held by Capri Mercantile Ltd., Hoja Inc., Cambridge Capital Ltd., Anamasam Inc., Biovation Sciences Ltd. and Mr.
Craig Bridgman, which shares of common stock Mr. Bridgman may be deemed to beneficially own. Address: Dubai, UAE, 211281.
|
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Except
as referenced below or otherwise disclosed above under (or incorporated by reference in) the section entitled “Executive Compensation”,
there have been no transactions since January 1, 2019, and there is not currently any proposed transaction, in which the Company was
or is to be a participant, where the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the Company’s
total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any officer, director, or any stockholder owning greater
than five percent (5%) of our outstanding voting shares, nor any member of the above referenced individual’s immediate family,
had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
Notice
of Acceleration
On
December 29, 2020, we received notice from Marlene Krauss, M.D., the former Chief Executive Officer and director of KBL, alleging the
occurrence of an event of default of the terms of a certain promissory note in the amount of $371,178, dated March 15, 2019, evidencing
amounts owed by the Company to KBL IV Sponsor LLC (ow which Dr. Krauss serves as sole managing member), for failure to repay such note
within five days of the release of funds from escrow in connection with the Purchase Agreement. Dr. Krauss has declared the entire amount
of the note to be immediately due and payable. The note, pursuant to its terms, accrues damages of $2,000 per day until paid in full
(subject to a maximum amount of damages equal to the principal amount of the note upon the occurrence of the event of default thereunder).
There are continuing disputes regarding amounts that may be due to Dr. Krauss under the note.
Director Notes
On February 10, 2021, the
Company entered into amended loan agreements to modify the terms of certain loan agreements in the aggregate principal amount of $432,699,
previously entered into with Sir Marc Feldmann and Dr. Lawrence Steinman, the Co-Executive Chairmen of the Board of Directors. The loan
agreements were extended and modified to be paid back at the Company’s discretion, either by 1) repayment in cash, or 2) by converting
the outstanding amounts into shares of common stock at the same price per share as the next financing transaction. Subsequently, on February
25, 2021, and effective as of the date of the original February 10, 2021 amendments, the Company determined that such amendments were
entered into in error and each of Sir Feldmann and Dr. Steinman rescinded such February 10, 2021 amendments pursuant to their entry into
Confirmations of Rescission acknowledgements. On April 12, 2021, the Company entered into amended loan agreements with each of Sir
Feldmann and Dr. Steinman, which extended the date of all of their outstanding loan agreements to September 30, 2021.
Registration
Rights
The
holders of the founder shares and private placement units (and their component securities) and their permitted transferees are entitled
to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed on the effective date of our IPO. The holders of these securities
and their permitted transferees are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities.
In addition, the holders and their permitted transferees have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration
statements filed subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination and rights to require us to register for resale such
securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the underwriters may not exercise their
demand and “piggyback” registration rights after five (5) and seven (7) years after the effective date of the registration
statement relating to our IPO and may not exercise their demand rights on more than one occasion. Further, the holders and their permitted
transferees have certain “piggy-back” registration rights regarding the shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion
of the Convertible Sponsor Note with respect to the registration statement(s) that we may file pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement
that we entered into in connection with the June 2020 SPA. We satisfied the foregoing registration rights through the filing of a Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-248539), which registration statement was declared effective on November 2, 2020; provided that such registration
statement is currently not effective and we are currently in default of our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement.
Related
Party Transaction Policy
Our
audit committee must review and approve any related party transaction we propose to enter into. Our audit committee charter details the
policies and procedures relating to transactions that may present actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest and may raise
questions as to whether such transactions are consistent with the best interest of our company and our stockholders. A summary of such
policies and procedures is set forth below.
Any
potential related party transaction that is brought to the audit committee’s attention will be analyzed by the audit committee,
in consultation with outside counsel or members of management, as appropriate, to determine whether the transaction or relationship does,
in fact, constitute a related party transaction. At its meetings, the audit committee will be provided with the details of each new,
existing or proposed related party transaction, including the terms of the transaction, the business purpose of the transaction and the
benefits to us and to the relevant related party.
In
determining whether to approve a related party transaction, the audit committee must consider, among other factors, the following factors
to the extent relevant:
|
●
|
whether
the terms of the transaction are fair to us and on the same basis as would apply if the transaction did not involve a related party;
|
|
●
|
whether
there are business reasons for us to enter into the transaction;
|
|
●
|
whether
the transaction would impair the independence of an outside director; and
|
|
●
|
whether
the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any director or executive
officer.
|
Any
member of the audit committee who has an interest in the transaction under discussion must abstain from any voting regarding the transaction,
but may, if so, requested by the Chairman of the audit committee, participate in some or all of the audit committee’s discussions
of the transaction. Upon completion of its review of the transaction, the audit committee may determine to permit or to prohibit the
transaction.
SELLING
STOCKHOLDERS
The
common stock being offered by the selling stockholders consists of: (i) 2,564,000 shares of common stock that were issued to certain
of the selling stockholders upon the closing of the private placement contemplated by the February SPA; (ii) 2,564,000 shares of common
stock that are issuable to certain of the selling stockholders upon the exercise of the PIPE Warrants that were issued to such selling
stockholders upon the closing of the private placement contemplated by the February SPA; (iii) 150,000 shares of common stock that were
issued to a former service provider to our company pursuant to a settlement agreement that we entered into with such service provider
in November 2020; and (iv) 158,383 shares of common stock that were issued to four of the selling stockholders upon the conversion of
promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $432,384 that were originally issued to such selling stockholders
by 180 Life Corp., which entity became a wholly-owned subsidiary of our company as a result of the Closing of the Business Combination,
in December 2019 and January 2020 (the “Legacy 180 Notes”). For additional information regarding the issuances of the shares
of common stock and the PIPE Warrants pursuant to the February SPA, see “Recent Funding Transactions – February 2021 Private
Purchase” in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” above.
This
prospectus also registers the offer and sale of up to 6,001,250 shares of common stock that are issuable by us upon the exercise of the
Public Warrants, which were previously registered.
We
are registering the shares of common stock in order to permit the selling stockholders to offer the shares for resale from time to time.
Except for: (i) with respect to the selling stockholders who are a party the February SPA, the ownership of the securities issued to
such selling stockholders pursuant to the February SPA and, with respect to two of such selling stockholders, the June SPA and/or the
September SPA; (ii) with respect to Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”), the relationship established pursuant to the
Engagement Letter dated February 27, 2018 between Cantor and our company and the ownership of the shares of common stock that were issued
to Cantor in connection with the Settlement and Release Agreement between Cantor and our company in November 2020; and (iii) with respect
to the selling stockholders who acquired their shares of common stock that are being registered for resale hereunder as a result of the
conversion of the Legacy 180 Notes, the ownership of the Legacy 180 Notes and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise thereof,
the selling stockholders have not had any material relationship with us within the past three years.
The
table below lists the selling stockholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock by
each of the selling stockholders. The second column lists the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by each selling stockholder,
based on its ownership of the shares of common stock and warrants, as of July 16, 2021, assuming exercise of the warrants held by the
selling stockholders on that date, if any, without regard to any limitations on exercises.
The
third column lists the shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus by the selling stockholders.
In
accordance with the terms of a registration rights agreement that we entered into with the selling stockholders who acquired their shares
of common stock and warrants pursuant to the February SPA, this prospectus generally covers the resale of the sum of (i) the number of
shares of common stock issued to such selling stockholders pursuant to the February SPA and (ii) the maximum number of shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of the related warrants issued to such selling stockholders, determined as if the outstanding warrants were
exercised in full as of the trading day immediately preceding the date this registration statement was initially filed with the SEC,
each as of the trading day immediately preceding the applicable date of determination and all subject to adjustment as provided in the
registration rights agreement, without regard to any limitations on the exercise of the warrants.
The
fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus.
Under
the terms of the warrants that were issued pursuant to the February SPA, a selling stockholder may not exercise the warrants to the extent
such exercise would cause such selling stockholder, together with its affiliates and attribution parties, to beneficially own a number
of shares of common stock which would exceed 4.99% or 9.99%, as applicable, of our then outstanding common stock following such exercise,
excluding for purposes of such determination shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants which have not been exercised.
The number of shares in the second and fourth columns do not reflect this limitation.
The
selling stockholders may sell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Name of Selling Stockholder
|
|
Number of
Shares of
Common Stock
Owned Prior to
Offering
|
|
|
Maximum Number of
Shares of
Common to be Sold Pursuant to this Prospectus
|
|
|
Number of
Shares of
Common Stock
Owned After
the Offering
|
|
3i, LP(1)
|
|
|
610,000
|
|
|
|
610,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B(2)
|
|
|
480,000
|
|
|
|
480,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Alpha Capital Anstalt(3)
|
|
|
494,960
|
|
|
|
400,000
|
|
|
|
94,960
|
|
Boothbay Absolute Return Strategies, LP(4)
|
|
|
633,882
|
|
|
|
633,882
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Boothbay Diversified Alpha Master Fund LP(5)
|
|
|
323,064
|
|
|
|
323,064
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
BPY Limited(6)
|
|
|
244,000
|
|
|
|
244,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd(7)
|
|
|
580,000
|
|
|
|
580,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Intracoastal Capital, LLC(8)
|
|
|
563,000
|
|
|
|
563,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Iroquois Master Fund Ltd.(9)
|
|
|
560,000
|
|
|
|
560,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Kingsbrook Opportunities Master Fund LP(10)
|
|
|
401,824
|
|
|
|
368,054
|
|
|
|
33,770
|
|
Nomis Bay Ltd.(11)
|
|
|
366,000
|
|
|
|
366,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.(12)
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
6714269 Canada Inc.(13)
|
|
|
16,672
|
|
|
|
16,672
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
CFM Financial Consulting Inc.(14)
|
|
|
5,954
|
|
|
|
5,954
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Daniel Nahon(15)
|
|
|
119,085
|
|
|
|
119,085
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
Ed Chaplin and Christine Chaplin(16)
|
|
|
16,672
|
|
|
|
16,672
|
|
|
|
-0-
|
|
|
(1)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 305,000 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is c/o 3i Fund, 140 Broadway, 38th
Floor, New York, NY 10005. Maier J. Tarlow, the manager of the general partner of the selling stockholder, holds voting and dispositive
power over the securities held by the selling stockholder.
|
|
(2)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 240,000 shares of common stock. Ayrton Capital LLC (“Ayrton Capital”), the investment manager
to Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (“Master Fund”), has discretionary authority to
vote and dispose of the shares held by Master Fund and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Waqas Khatri, in his
capacity as Managing Member of Ayrton Capital, may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held
by Master Fund. Ayrton Capital and Mr. Khatri each disclaim any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address of Ayrton Capital is
55 Post Road West, 2nd Floor, Westport, CT 06880.
|
|
(3)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 200,000 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is Lettstrasse 32, Vaduz 9490, Liechtenstein.
Nicola Feuerstein, a Director of the selling stockholder, holds voting and dispositive power over the securities held by the selling
stockholder.
|
|
(4)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 316,941 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is c/o Boothbay Fund Management, LLC,
140 East 45th Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10017. Boothbay Absolute Return Strategies, LP, a Delaware limited
partnership (“BBARS”), is managed by Boothbay Fund Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Boothbay”).
Boothbay, in its capacity as the investment manager of BBARS, has the power to vote and the power to direct the disposition of all securities
held by BBARS. Ari Glass is the Managing Member of Boothbay. Each of BBARS, Boothbay and Mr. Glass disclaim beneficial ownership of these
securities, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.
|
|
(5)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 161,532 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is c/o Boothbay Fund Management, LLC,
140 East 45th Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10017. Boothbay Diversified Alpha Master Fund LP, a Cayman Islands
limited partnership (“BBDAMF”), is managed by Boothbay Fund Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Boothbay”).
Boothbay, in its capacity as the investment manager of BBDAMF, has the power to vote and the power to direct the disposition of all securities
held by BBDAMF. Ari Glass is the Managing Member of Boothbay. Each of BBDAMF, Boothbay and Mr. Glass disclaim beneficial ownership of
these securities, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.
|
|
(6)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 122,000 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is 145 Adelaide Street West, 4th
Floor, Toronto, ON, M5H 4E5. Peter Poole, a director of the selling stockholder, holds voting and dispositive power over the securities
held by the selling stockholder.
|
|
(7)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 290,000 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is c/o Hudson Bay Capital Management
LP, 777 Third Avenue, 30th Floor, New York, NY 10017. Hudson Bay Capital Management LP, the investment manager of Hudson Bay
Master Fund Ltd., has voting and investment power over these securities. Sander Gerber is the managing member of Hudson Bay Capital GP
LLC, which is the general partner of Hudson Bay Capital Management LP. Each of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. and Sander Gerber disclaims
beneficial ownership over these securities.
|
|
(8)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 281,500 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is 245 Palm Trail, Delray Beach, FL
33483. Mitchell P. Kopin and Daniel B. Asher, each of whom are managers of Intracoastal Capital, LLC, have shared voting control and
investment discretion over the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal Capital, LLC. As a result, each of Mr. Kopin
and Mr. Asher may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal Capital, LLC.
|
|
(9)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 280,000 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is 125 Park Avenue, 25th
Floor, New York, NY 10017. Richard Abbe holds voting and dispositive power over the securities held by the selling stockholder.
|
|
(10)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 184,027 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is c/o Kingsbrook Partners LP, 689
Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10022. Kingsbrook Partners LP (“Kingsbrook Partners”) is the investment
manager of Kingsbrook Opportunities Master Fund LP (“Kingsbrook Opportunities”) and consequently has voting control and investment
discretion over securities held by Kingsbrook Opportunities. Kingsbrook Opportunities GP LLC (“Opportunities GP”) is the
general partner of Kingsbrook Opportunities and may be considered the beneficial owner of any securities deemed to be beneficially owned
by Kingsbrook Opportunities. KB GP LLC (“GP LLC”) is the general partner of Kingsbrook Partners and may be considered the
beneficial owner of any securities deemed to be beneficially owned by Kingsbrook Partners. Ari J. Storch, Adam J. Chill and Scott M.
Wallace are the sole managing members of Opportunities GP and GP LLC and as a result may be considered beneficial owners of any securities
deemed beneficially owned by Opportunities GP and GP LLC. Each of Kingsbrook Partners, Opportunities GP, GP LLC and Messrs. Storch, Chill
and Wallace disclaim beneficial ownership of these securities.
|
|
(11)
|
Includes
warrants to purchase up to 183,000 shares of common stock. The address for the selling stockholder is 145 Adelaide Street West, 4th
Floor, Toronto, ON, M5H 4E5. Peter Poole, a director of the selling stockholder, holds voting and dispositive power over the securities
held by the selling stockholder.
|
|
(12)
|
The
shares of common stock being offered by the selling stockholder pursuant to this prospectus consist of 150,000 shares that were issued
to the selling stockholder in satisfaction of outstanding payables owed by our company to the selling stockholder pursuant to an Engagement
Letter dated February 27, 2018. We issued the shares of common stock to the selling stockholder pursuant to a Settlement and Release
Agreement that we entered into with the selling stockholder in November 2020. The address for the selling stockholder is 499 Park Avenue,
New York, New York 10022.
|
|
(13)
|
The
shares of common stock being offered by the selling stockholder pursuant to this prospectus consist of 16,672 shares that were issued
to the selling stockholder upon the conversion of a convertible promissory note that was issued to the selling stockholder by 180 Life
Corp., which entity became a wholly-owned subsidiary of our company as a result of the Closing of the Business Combination. The address
for the selling stockholder is 99 Holland Avenue, Suite 101, Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1Y 0Y1, Attn: Sebastien Charles, President.
|
|
(14)
|
The
shares of common stock being offered by the selling stockholder pursuant to this prospectus consist of 5,954 shares that were issued
to the selling stockholder upon the conversion of a convertible promissory note that was issued to the selling stockholder by 180 Life
Corp., which entity became a wholly-owned subsidiary of our company as a result of the Closing of the Business Combination. The address
for the selling stockholder is 99 Holland Avenue, Suite 101, Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1Y 0Y1, Attn: Sebastien Charles, Co-President.
|
|
(15)
|
The
shares of common stock being offered by the selling stockholder pursuant to this prospectus consist of 119,085 shares that were issued
to the selling stockholder upon the conversion of a convertible promissory note that was issued to the selling stockholder by 180 Life
Corp., which entity became a wholly-owned subsidiary of our company as a result of the Closing of the Business Combination. The address
for the selling stockholder is 130 Willingdon Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1M 2G1.
|
|
(16)
|
The
shares of common stock being offered by the selling stockholder pursuant to this prospectus consist of 16,672 shares that were issued
to the selling stockholder upon the conversion of a convertible promissory note that was issued to the selling stockholder by 180 Life
Corp., which entity became a wholly-owned subsidiary of our company as a result of the Closing of the Business Combination. The address
for the selling stockholder is 1739 Ortona Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K2C 1W8.
|
PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
We
are registering the issuance by our company of up to an aggregate of 6,001,250 shares of common stock upon the exercise of the Public
Warrants. We are also registering the resale by the selling stockholders of up to an aggregate of 5,436,383 shares of common stock. Each
selling stockholder and any of their pledgees, assignees, transferees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or
all of their securities covered hereby on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which
the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A selling stockholder may use
any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:
|
●
|
ordinary
brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
|
|
●
|
block
trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as
principal to facilitate the transaction;
|
|
●
|
purchases
by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
|
|
●
|
an
exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;
|
|
●
|
privately
negotiated transactions;
|
|
●
|
settlement
of short sales;
|
|
●
|
in
transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated
price per security;
|
|
●
|
through
the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;
|
|
●
|
a
combination of any such methods of sale; or
|
|
●
|
any
other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
|
The
selling stockholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act, if available,
rather than under this prospectus.
Broker-dealers
engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions
or discounts from the selling stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser)
in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in
excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or
markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.
In
connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers
or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they
assume. The selling stockholders may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan
or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling stockholders may also enter into option
or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the
delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer
or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
The
selling stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters”
within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers
or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts
under the Securities Act. Each selling stockholder has informed us that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding,
directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.
We
are required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by us incident to the registration of the securities. We have agreed to indemnify
the selling stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
We
agreed to keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the securities may be resold by the selling stockholders
without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, without the requirement for
our company to be in compliance with the current public information requirement under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other
rule of similar effect or (ii) all of the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act
or any other rule of similar effect. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required
under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they
have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement
is available and is complied with.
Under
applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously
engage in market making activities with respect to the common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M,
prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the selling stockholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the
common stock by the selling stockholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the selling stockholders
and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including
by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES
The
following summary of the material terms of our securities is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of such
securities. We urge you to read our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in its entirety for a complete description
of the rights and preferences of our securities.
General
We
are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of our common stock and 5,000,000 shares of our preferred stock, par value $0.0001. As of
July 16, 2021, 30,768,873 shares of our common stock are outstanding. As of July 16, 2021, 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock have been
designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (of which none are outstanding, and of which 1,000,000 shares were issued and subsequently
converted into an aggregate of 1,619,144 shares of common stock in 2020), one share of preferred stock has been designated as a Class C
Special Voting Share, of which one is outstanding, and one share of preferred stock has been designated as a Class K Special Voting Share,
of which one is outstanding. The following description summarizes the material terms of our securities. Because it is only a summary,
it may not contain all the information that is important to you.
Common
Stock
Except
as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock, the holders
of common stock possess all voting power for the election of our directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action and will
at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of our company. Holders of common stock
are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders and do not have the right to cumulate votes in the election
of directors.
Holders
of common stock will be entitled to receive dividends and other distributions, if any, in amounts declared from time to time by our Board
in its discretion out of funds legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in these dividends and distributions.
In
the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up, the holders of the common stock
will be entitled to receive an equal amount per share of all of our assets of whatever kind available for distribution to stockholders,
after the rights of the holders of the preferred stock, if any, have been satisfied.
Our
stockholders have no preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to our
common stock.
Our
Board is divided into two classes, with only one class of directors being elected in each year and each class (except for those directors
appointed prior to the first annual meeting of stockholders following the Closing of the Business Combination) generally serving a two
year term. Class I directors will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders following the Closing of the Business Combination
and Class II directors will serve until the second annual meeting of stockholders following the Closing of the Business Combination.
Preferred
Stock
Our
second amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one
or more series. Our Board will be authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, the relative, participating,
optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series.
Our Board will be able to, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect
the voting power and other rights of the holders of the common stock and could have anti-takeover effects. The ability of our Board to
issue preferred stock without stockholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of
us or the removal of existing management. We have two shares of preferred stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, as described
below. Although we do not currently intend to issue any additional shares of preferred stock, other than as described below, we cannot
assure you that we will not do so in the future. No shares of preferred stock are being issued or registered in this offering.
Series
A Convertible Preferred Stock
In
connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement that we entered into on or about June 12, 2020 with the investors signatory thereto
(the “June SPA”), we agreed that, upon the second closing pursuant to the June SPA, upon certain conditions being satisfied,
we would issue to one of the investors shares of a newly-designated Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of our company (the “Series
A Stock”) for an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000. Dividends would be payable on the Series A Stock at a rate of 10% per
annum. The Series A Stock would be convertible into common stock at a conversion price of $5.28 per share, subject to adjustment. Upon
any conversion, a Make-Whole Amount (as defined in the designations of the Series A Stock) would be due with respect to each share of
Series A Stock converted. At any time following the three (3) month anniversary of the Closing of the Business Combination, the
holder of the Series A Stock had the right to force us to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Stock then owned by the holder in
cash.
Beginning
on the eleventh (11) trading day following the Closing of the Business Combination, if certain conditions were met, including, but not
limited to, the closing sale price of our common stock exceeded $6.00 throughout a certain measuring period, certain equity conditions
were satisfied, the daily average trading volume for the prior five (5) consecutive trading days exceeded $80,000 per trading day,
and the shares of our common stock subject to the conversion right were the subject of a then effective registration statement, we would
have the right to require the holder to convert an amount of the purchase price of the Series A Stock not to exceed $1,000,000 in the
aggregate and not to exceed $100,000 during any five (5) consecutive trading days (but in no event more than the lesser of (I) two
(2) times the daily average trading volume for the prior ten (10) consecutive trading days and (II) all of the conversion amount
remaining with respect to the outstanding shares of Series A Stock), into freely tradeable shares of common stock at the conversion price
then in effect.
We
have designated a total of 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock as Series A Stock, of which none are outstanding as of the date of this
prospectus, and of which 1,000,000 shares were issued and subsequently converted into an aggregate of 1,619,144 shares of our common
stock.
Special
Voting Shares
We
have two outstanding classes of preferred stock, designated as our Class C Special Voting Shares and our Class K Special Voting Shares
(collectively, the “Special Voting Shares”), with the rights and preferences specified below.
The
Special Voting Shares have a par value of $0.0001 per share. The rights and preferences of each Special Voting Share consists of the
following:
|
●
|
The
right to vote in all circumstances in which our common stock have the right to vote, with
the common stock as one class;
|
|
●
|
The
Special Voting Shares entitle the holder, Odyssey Trust Company (the Trustee), to an aggregate
number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock that were issuable to the holders
of the previously outstanding shares of CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC and/or Katexco Purchaseco
ULC, Canadian subsidiaries of 180 (the “Exchangeable Shares”);
|
|
●
|
The
holder of the Special Voting Shares (and, indirectly, the holders of the Exchangeable Shares)
has the same rights as the holders of the common stock as to notices, reports, financial
statements and attendance at all stockholder meetings;
|
|
●
|
No
entitlement to dividends;
|
|
●
|
The
holder of the Special Voting Shares is not entitled to any portion of any related distribution
upon windup, dissolution or liquidation of our company; and
|
|
●
|
We
may cancel the Special Voting Shares when there are no Exchangeable Shares outstanding and
no option or other commitment of CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC and Katexco Purchaseco ULC which
could require either CannBioRex Purchaseco ULC and Katexco Purchaseco ULC to issue more Exchangeable
Shares.
|
As
noted above, the holders of the Exchangeable Shares, through the applicable Special Voting Share, have voting rights and other attributes
corresponding to our common stock. The Exchangeable Shares provide an opportunity for certain former Canadian resident holders of CBR
Pharma or Katexco securities to obtain a deferral of taxable capital gains for Canadian income tax purposes in connection with the Reorganization.
Warrants
Issued Pursuant to the February SPA
See
the Section entitled “Recent Funding Transactions – February 2021 Private Purchase” in the “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” above for a summary of the material terms of the PIPE
Warrants that were issued pursuant to the February SPA, the resale of the common stock issuable upon the exercise thereof is being registered
by the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Our
Transfer Agent
The
transfer agent for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. We have agreed to indemnify Continental Stock
Transfer & Trust Company in its role as transfer agent, its agents and each of its stockholders, directors, officers and employees
against all liabilities, including judgments, costs and reasonable counsel fees that may arise out of acts performed or omitted for its
activities in that capacity, except for any liability due to any gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith of the indemnified
person or entity.
Certain
Anti-Takeover Provisions of Delaware Law and our Charter and Bylaws
We
are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. This statute prevents certain Delaware
corporations, under certain circumstances, from engaging in a “business combination” with:
|
●
|
a
stockholder who owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock (otherwise known as an “interested
stockholder”);
|
|
●
|
an
affiliate of an interested stockholder; or
|
|
●
|
an
associate of an interested stockholder, for three years following the date that the stockholder
became an interested stockholder.
|
A
“business combination” includes a merger or sale of more than 10% of our assets. However, the above provisions of Section 203
do not apply if:
|
●
|
our
Board approves the transaction that made the stockholder an “interested stockholder,”
prior to the date of the transaction;
|
|
●
|
after
the completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested
stockholder, that stockholder owned at least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time
the transaction commenced, other than statutorily excluded shares of common stock; or
|
|
●
|
on
or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by our
Board and authorized at a meeting of our stockholders, and not by written consent, by an
affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock not owned by the
interested stockholder.
|
Our
second amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our Board will be classified into two classes of directors. As
a result, in most circumstances, a person can gain control of our Board only by successfully engaging in a proxy contest at two or more
annual meetings.
Our
authorized but unissued common stock and preferred stock are available for future issuances without stockholder approval and could be
utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit
plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage
an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.
Securities
Eligible for Future Sale
Rule 144
Pursuant
to Rule 144, a person who has beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock or warrants for at least six months would
be entitled to sell their securities provided that (i) such person is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at the time
of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale and (ii) we are subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements
for at least three months before the sale and have filed all required reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during
the 12 months (or such shorter period as we were required to file reports) preceding the sale.
Persons
who have beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock or warrants for at least six months but who are our affiliates at the
time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person
would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of securities that does not exceed the greater of:
|
●
|
1%
of the total number of shares of common stock then outstanding; or
|
|
●
|
the
average weekly reported trading volume of the common stock during the four calendar weeks
preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.
|
Sales
by our affiliates under Rule 144 are also limited by manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of
current public information about us.
Restrictions
on the Use of Rule 144 by Shell Companies or Former Shell Companies
Rule 144
is not available for the resale of securities initially issued by shell companies (other than business combination related shell companies)
or issuers that have been at any time previously a shell company. However, Rule 144 also includes an important exception to this
prohibition if the following conditions are met:
|
●
|
the
issuer of the securities that was formerly a shell company has ceased to be a shell company;
|
|
●
|
the
issuer of the securities is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act;
|
|
●
|
the
issuer of the securities has filed all Exchange Act reports and material required to be filed,
as applicable, during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the issuer was
required to file such reports and materials), other than Form 8-K reports; and
|
|
●
|
at
least one year has elapsed from the time that the issuer filed current Form 10 type
information with the SEC reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.
|
Registration
Rights
Registration
Rights of Sponsor and Underwriters
The
holders of the founder shares and private placement units (and their component securities) and their permitted transferees are entitled
to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed on the effective date of our IPO. The holders of these securities
and their permitted transferees are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities.
In addition, the holders and their permitted transferees have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration
statements filed subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination and rights to require us to register for resale such
securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the underwriters may not exercise their
demand and “piggyback” registration rights after five (5) and seven (7) years after the effective date of the registration
statement relating to our IPO and may not exercise their demand rights on more than one occasion. Further, the holders and their permitted
transferees have certain “piggy-back” registration rights regarding the shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion
of the Convertible Sponsor Note with respect to the registration statement(s) that we may file pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement
that we entered into in connection with the June SPA. We satisfied the foregoing registration rights through the filing of a Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-249539), which registration statement was declared effective on November 2, 2020; provided that
such registration statement is currently not effective and we are currently in default of our obligations under the Registration Rights
Agreement.
Registration
Rights of Private Placement Investors
Pursuant
to the Registration Rights Agreement dated as of June 12, 2020 that we entered into with the investors signatory thereto in connection
with the issuance by us to such investors of shares of our common stock, senior secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate
principal amount of $3,601,966 and (solely with respect to one investor) shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant
to the June SPA, we agreed to register with the SEC the resale of the shares of common stock issued to such investors, as well as the
shares of common stock issuable to such investors upon conversion of the senior secured convertible promissory notes and shares of Series
A Stock issued to such investors. We satisfied the registration rights of such investors through the filing of a Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (No. 333-249539), which registration statement was declared effective on November 2, 2020; provided that such registration
statement is currently not effective and we are currently in default of our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement.
Pursuant
to the Registration Rights Agreement dated as of September 8, 2020 that we entered into with the investors signatory thereto in connection
with the issuance by us to such investors of shares of our common stock and secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal
amount of $1,111,111 pursuant to the September SPA, we agreed to register with the SEC the resale of the shares of common stock issued
to such investors, as well as the shares of common stock issuable to such investors upon conversion of the secured convertible promissory
notes issued to such investors. We satisfied the registration rights of such investors through the filing of a Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (No. 333-249539), which registration statement was declared effective on November 2, 2020; provided that such registration
statement is currently not effective and we are currently in default of our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement.
Pursuant
to a Settlement & Release Agreement that we entered into with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. on November 6, 2020, we agreed to file
a registration statement with the SEC on or prior to December 5, 2020 to register the resale of 150,000 shares of our common stock that
we issued to Cantor Fitzgerald in satisfaction of amounts owed to Cantor Fitzgerald. We are filing the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part to comply with our filing obligations under the Settlement & Release Agreement.
Pursuant
to Securities Purchase Agreements, dated January 3, 2020, that 180 Life Corp. entered into with the investors signatory thereto in connection
with the issuance of unsecured convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $332,500, 180 Life Corp. agreed to register with
the SEC the resale of the shares of common stock issued to such investors, as well as the shares of common stock issuable to such investors
upon conversion of the senior secured convertible promissory notes. We have not yet filed the required registration statement.
Pursuant
to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2021, that we entered into with the investors signatory thereto in connection
with the closing of the offering contemplated by that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of February 19, 2021 between our
company and the investors signatory thereto, we agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC on or prior to April 24, 2021 to
register the resale of the shares of common stock issued to such investors upon the closing of such offering, and the shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued to such investors upon the closing of such offering, and to cause such registration
statement to be declared effective on or prior to June 23, 2021 (or, in the event of a “full review” by the SEC, August 22,
2021). We are filing the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to comply with our filing obligations under the
February 23, 2021 Registration Rights Agreement.
Market
Price of Common Stock
Our
common stock is currently listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol “ATNF”. As of July 16, 2021, there were 112
holders of record of our common stock.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain
legal matters relating to the validity of our common stock to be registered for resale hereunder will be passed upon for us by Pryor
Cashman LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The
audited consolidated balance sheets of 180 Life Sciences Corp. (f/k/a KBL Merger Corp. IV) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows, for each of the two years in the
period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on a report audited
by Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon (which contains an explanatory
paragraph relating to substantial doubt about the ability of 180 Life Sciences Corp. to continue as a going concern as described in Note
2 to the consolidated financial statements) appearing elsewhere herein and are included in reliance on such report given upon such firm
as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We
have filed with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act that registers the distribution of the securities offered under
this prospectus. The registration statement, including the attached exhibits and schedules, as well as any amendments thereto, contains
additional relevant information about us and the securities. The rules and regulations of the SEC allow us to omit from this prospectus
certain information included in the registration statement.
We
file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC as required by the Exchange Act. You can read our SEC filings, including
this prospectus, over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Those filings are also available to the public
on, or accessible through, our website under the heading “Investors — SEC Filings” at www.180lifesciences.com.
You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580
Washington, D.C., 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
You may also obtain copies of the materials described above at prescribed rates by writing to the SEC, Public Reference Section, 100
F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY
KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
INDEX
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
180
Life Sciences Corp.
(formerly
known as KBL Merger Corp. IV)
Opinion
on the Financial Statements
We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of 180 Life Sciences Corp. (formerly known as KBL Merger Corp. IV) (the “Company”)
as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’
equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to
as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of the Company as of December 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the
period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory
Paragraph – Going Concern
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described
in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has a significant working capital deficiency, has incurred significant losses and
needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note
2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis
for Opinion
These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s
financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States) (the “PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company
is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits,
we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion
on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error
or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/
Marcum llp
Marcum
llp
We
have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
San
Francisco, CA
July 9, 2021
180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in US Dollars)
|
|
As of
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
2,108,544
|
|
|
$
|
83,397
|
|
Due from related parties
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
73,248
|
|
Notes receivable, net (see Note 6)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
1,606,414
|
|
|
|
591,648
|
|
Total Current Assets
|
|
|
4,014,958
|
|
|
|
748,293
|
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
54,307
|
|
Intangible assets, net
|
|
|
2,047,818
|
|
|
|
2,121,834
|
|
In-process research and development
|
|
|
12,569,793
|
|
|
|
12,536,950
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
36,900,801
|
|
|
|
36,423,084
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
$
|
55,533,370
|
|
|
$
|
51,884,468
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities, Temporary Equity and Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
8,529,259
|
|
|
$
|
4,103,566
|
|
Accounts payable - related parties
|
|
|
215,495
|
|
|
|
123,035
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
4,110,916
|
|
|
|
1,691,466
|
|
Accrued expenses - related parties
|
|
|
454,951
|
|
|
|
177,074
|
|
Due to related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
17,341
|
|
Loans payable - current portion
|
|
|
968,446
|
|
|
|
116,250
|
|
Loans payable - related parties
|
|
|
513,082
|
|
|
|
220,525
|
|
Convertible notes payable, net of debt discount
|
|
|
1,916,195
|
|
|
|
2,736,946
|
|
Convertible notes payable - related parties
|
|
|
270,000
|
|
|
|
454,604
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
4,442,970
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Total Current Liabilities
|
|
|
21,421,314
|
|
|
|
9,640,807
|
|
Accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
43,095
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loans payable - non current portion
|
|
|
113,763
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Deferred tax liability
|
|
|
3,668,329
|
|
|
|
3,672,759
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
25,246,501
|
|
|
|
13,313,566
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 14)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares designated; 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019; none available at December 31, 2020
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’ Equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; (see designations and shares authorized for Series A, Class C and Class K preferred stock)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class C Preferred Stock; 1 share authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Class K Preferred Stock; 1 share authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 26,171,225 and 13,846,925 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
|
|
|
2,617
|
|
|
|
1,384
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
78,005,004
|
|
|
|
75,890,295
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
636,886
|
|
|
|
152,803
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(48,357,638
|
)
|
|
|
(37,473,580
|
)
|
Total Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
|
30,286,869
|
|
|
|
38,570,902
|
|
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
$
|
55,533,370
|
|
|
$
|
51,884,468
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in US Dollars)
|
|
For the Years Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Operating Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
$
|
2,217,371
|
|
|
$
|
1,981,299
|
|
Research and development - related parties
|
|
|
75,633
|
|
|
|
54,020
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
3,169,260
|
|
|
|
5,607,808
|
|
General and administrative - related parties
|
|
|
185,848
|
|
|
|
286,745
|
|
Modification of stock award - related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12,959,360
|
|
Rental income - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(25,946
|
)
|
Total Operating Expenses
|
|
|
5,648,112
|
|
|
|
20,863,286
|
|
Loss From Operations
|
|
|
(5,648,112
|
)
|
|
|
(20,863,286
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (Expense) Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain (loss) on sale and disposal of property and equipment
|
|
|
(37,174
|
)
|
|
|
1,714
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
15,334
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other income - related parties
|
|
|
240,000
|
|
|
|
552,329
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,727
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(1,002,424
|
)
|
|
|
(162,066
|
)
|
Interest expense - related parties
|
|
|
(84,550
|
)
|
|
|
(23,074
|
)
|
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes payable, net
|
|
|
(2,580,655
|
)
|
|
|
(703,188
|
)
|
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
(1,816,309
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
9,405
|
|
|
|
(327,879
|
)
|
Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(3,881,819
|
)
|
Total Other Expense, Net
|
|
|
(5,256,373
|
)
|
|
|
(4,540,256
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss Before Income Taxes
|
|
|
(10,904,485
|
)
|
|
|
(25,403,542
|
)
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
20,427
|
|
|
|
9,496
|
|
Net Loss
|
|
|
(10,884,058
|
)
|
|
|
(25,394,046
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deemed dividend related to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
|
|
|
(1,122,702
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders
|
|
$
|
(12,006,760
|
)
|
|
$
|
(25,394,046
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Loss
|
|
$
|
(10,884,058
|
)
|
|
$
|
(25,394,046
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
484,083
|
|
|
|
(160,745
|
)
|
Total Comprehensive Loss
|
|
$
|
(10,399,975
|
)
|
|
$
|
(25,554,791
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share
|
|
$
|
(0.66
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2.30
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding:
|
|
|
18,154,056
|
|
|
|
11,035,289
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIENCY) EQUITY
For The Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in US Dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Accumulated
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Stockholders’
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
Balance
- January 1, 2020
|
|
|
13,846,925
|
|
|
$
|
1,384
|
|
|
$
|
75,890,295
|
|
|
$
|
152,803
|
|
|
$
|
(37,473,580
|
)
|
|
$
|
38,570,902
|
|
Common
stock issued for cash
|
|
|
12,292
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
72,499
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
72,500
|
|
Shares
issued upon conversion of KBL debt
|
|
|
1,519,628
|
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
4,164,833
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,164,985
|
|
Shares
issued upon conversion of 180 debt
|
|
|
482,894
|
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
|
2,117,270
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,117,318
|
|
Shares
issued upon the conversion of the Series A convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
1,619,144
|
|
|
|
162
|
|
|
|
4,348,873
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,349,035
|
|
Shares
issued upon exchange of common stock equivalents
|
|
|
1,521,157
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
(153
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature on convertible debt issued
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
329,300
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
329,300
|
|
Deemed
dividend on Series A convertible preferred stock:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extinguishment
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(565,659
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(565,659
|
)
|
Make-whole
dividend
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(333,333
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(333,333
|
)
|
Beneficial
conversion feature
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(223,710
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(223,710
|
)
|
Stock
based compensation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock
|
|
|
240,540
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
1,057,965
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,057,989
|
|
Options
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,798
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,798
|
|
Effect
of reverse recapitalization, net of cash acquired
|
|
|
6,928,645
|
|
|
|
693
|
|
|
|
(8,860,974
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(8,860,281
|
)
|
Comprehensive
loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(10,884,058
|
)
|
|
|
(10,884,058
|
)
|
Other
comprehensive loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
484,083
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
484,083
|
|
Balance
- December 31, 2020
|
|
|
26,171,225
|
|
|
$
|
2,617
|
|
|
$
|
78,005,004
|
|
|
$
|
636,886
|
|
|
$
|
(48,357,638
|
)
|
|
$
|
30,286,869
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Accumulated
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Stockholders’
|
|
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
(Deficiency)
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Income (Loss)
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
Balance - January
1, 2019
|
|
|
1,046,471
|
|
|
$
|
104
|
|
|
$
|
4,088,937
|
|
|
$
|
313,548
|
|
|
$
|
(12,079,534
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,676,945
|
)
|
Issuances of common stock
for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and services (1)
|
|
|
64,657
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
1,463,796
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,463,802
|
|
Satisfaction of accrued issuable
equity and investor deposits
|
|
|
2,854,012
|
|
|
|
285
|
|
|
|
12,992,185
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12,992,470
|
|
Modification of stock award
- related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12,959,360
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12,959,360
|
|
Beneficial conversion feature
on convertible debt issued
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
250,839
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
250,839
|
|
Shares issued in connection
with reorganization
|
|
|
9,881,785
|
|
|
|
989
|
|
|
|
45,865,510
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
45,866,499
|
|
Effect of reverse acquisition
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,730,332
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,730,332
|
)
|
Comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(25,394,046
|
)
|
|
|
(25,394,046
|
)
|
Other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(160,745
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(160,745
|
)
|
Balance - December 31, 2019
|
|
|
13,846,925
|
|
|
$
|
1,384
|
|
|
$
|
75,890,295
|
|
|
$
|
152,803
|
|
|
$
|
(37,473,580
|
)
|
|
$
|
38,570,902
|
|
|
(1)
|
Includes $1,130,656 of cash consideration.
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY LIFE SCIENCES CORP.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in US Dollars)
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(10,884,058
|
)
|
|
$
|
(25,394,046
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
125,333
|
|
|
|
72,244
|
|
Amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
356,179
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Gain on settlement of payables
|
|
|
(25,643
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Bad debt (recovery) expense
|
|
|
(1,699,825
|
)
|
|
|
649,825
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
1,118,286
|
|
|
|
340,411
|
|
Modification of stock award
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12,959,360
|
|
Loss (gain) on sale/disposal of property and equipment
|
|
|
37,174
|
|
|
|
(1,714
|
)
|
Loss on extinguishment of convertible note payable
|
|
|
2,580,655
|
|
|
|
703,188
|
|
Accrued interest capitalized to principal
|
|
|
396,535
|
|
|
|
115,245
|
|
Gain on exchange rate transactions
|
|
|
4,760
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Deferred tax benefit
|
|
|
(20,427
|
)
|
|
|
(9,496
|
)
|
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
1,816,309
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
(9,405
|
)
|
|
|
4,209,698
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
(210,195
|
)
|
|
|
427,922
|
|
Due from related parties
|
|
|
(217,939
|
)
|
|
|
(22,570
|
)
|
Due to related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(100,759
|
)
|
Deferred income
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(528,519
|
)
|
Deposits
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
109,903
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
2,226,814
|
|
|
|
2,895,645
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
533,486
|
|
|
|
255,009
|
|
Total adjustments
|
|
|
7,648,097
|
|
|
|
22,075,392
|
|
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities
|
|
|
(3,871,961
|
)
|
|
|
(3,318,654
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash withdrawn from Trust Account
|
|
|
10,280,739
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Cash acquired in Reorganization
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
86,078
|
|
Cash acquired in reverse merger
|
|
|
3,006,235
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Acquisition of intangible assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(144,402
|
)
|
Issuance of notes receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(649,825
|
)
|
Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable
|
|
|
1,203,750
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Disposal of property and equipment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Investing Activities
|
|
|
14,490,724
|
|
|
|
(708,149
|
)
|
The accompanying notes are
an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY LIFE SCIENCES CORP.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS, continued
(Expressed in US Dollars)
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment of common stock redemptions payable
|
|
|
(9,006,493
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Repayment of advances from related party
|
|
|
(201,859
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Repayment of loans payable
|
|
|
(72,843
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Proceeds from sale of common stock
|
|
|
72,500
|
|
|
|
1,132,676
|
|
Proceeds from payment of subscription receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
124,369
|
|
Proceeds from loans payable
|
|
|
275,049
|
|
|
|
335,303
|
|
Proceeds from Bounce Back Loan Scheme
|
|
|
64,168
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Proceeds from government loan
|
|
|
53,051
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Proceeds from convertible notes payable
|
|
|
82,500
|
|
|
|
2,350,000
|
|
Cash (Used In) Provided By Financing Activities
|
|
|
(8,733,927
|
)
|
|
|
3,942,348
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash
|
|
|
140,311
|
|
|
|
(399,368
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash
|
|
|
2,025,147
|
|
|
|
(483,823
|
)
|
Cash - Beginning of Year
|
|
|
83,397
|
|
|
|
567,220
|
|
Cash - End of Year
|
|
$
|
2,108,544
|
|
|
$
|
83,397
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the period for interest
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KBL payments to vendors in satisfaction of notes receivable
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Issuance of common stock in satisfaction of accrued issuable equity
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
12,631,663
|
|
Issuance of common stock in satisfaction of investor deposits
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
463,557
|
|
Receivable from related party for sale of property and equipment
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
8,902
|
|
Recognition of beneficial conversion feature as loss on extinguishment of convertible note principal
|
|
$
|
329,300
|
|
|
$
|
250,839
|
|
Redemption premium and restructuring fee recognized as an increase in convertible note principal
|
|
$
|
557,436
|
|
|
$
|
452,349
|
|
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock
|
|
$
|
6,282,303
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into common stock
|
|
$
|
4,349,035
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Deemed dividend - Extinguishment on Series A Convertible Preferred stock
|
|
$
|
565,659
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Deemed dividend - Make-whole dividend on conversion of Series A Convertible preferred stock
|
|
$
|
333,333
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Deemed dividend - Beneficial conversion feature on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
|
|
$
|
223,710
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Net non-cash liabilities assumed in Business Combination
|
|
$
|
11,866,515
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Financing of D&O insurance premium
|
|
$
|
728,437
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
1 — BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
180
Life Sciences Corp., formerly known as KBL Merger Corp. IV (“180LS”, or together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”),
was a blank check company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 7, 2016. The Company was formed for the purpose
of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or
more businesses.
180
Life Corp. (“180”, f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp. and CannBioRx Life Sciences Corp.) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company
and was incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 28, 2019. The Company is located in the United States (“U.S.”)
and is a medical pharmaceutical company focused upon unmet medical needs in the areas of inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and chronic
pain by employing innovative research and, where appropriate, combination therapies, through its three wholly-owned subsidiaries, 180 Therapeutics
L.P. (“180 LP”), CannBioRex Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“CBR Pharma”), and Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“Katexco”).
180 LP, CBR Pharma and Katexco are together, the “180 Subsidiaries.” Katexco was incorporated on March 7, 2018 under the
provisions of the British Corporation Act of British Columbia. Additionally, 180’s wholly-owned subsidiaries Katexco Callco, ULC,
Katexco Purchaseco, ULC, CannBioRex Callco, ULC, and CannBioRex Purchaseco, ULC were formed in the Canadian Province of British Columbia
on May 31, 2019 to facilitate the acquisition of Katexco, CBR Pharma and 180 LP (see Note 4 - Reorganization and Recapitalization).
180
LP is a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of biologic therapies for the treatment of fibrosis.
CBR Pharma is a pharmaceutical research company specializing in the clinical development of synthetic pharmaceutical grade cannabinoid
compounds for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and related arthritic diseases. Katexco is a medical pharmaceutical company researching
and developing orally available therapies harnessing nicotinic receptors to treat inflammatory diseases.
Reorganization
and Business Combination
On
July 16, 2019, 180 and each of 180 LP, Katexco and CBR Pharma completed a corporate restructuring, pursuant to which 180 LP, Katexco
and CBR Pharma became wholly-owned subsidiaries of 180 (the “Reorganization”). It was determined that Katexco was the accounting
acquirer in the Reorganization and the remaining companies were the accounting acquirees (see Note 4 - Reorganization and Recapitalization).
On
November 6, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated the previously announced business combination (the “Business
Combination”) following a special meeting of stockholders held on November 5, 2020, where the stockholders of the Company considered
and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt that certain Business Combination Agreement (as amended, the “Business Combination
Agreement”), dated as of July 25, 2019. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, a subsidiary of the
Company merged with and into 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”).
The Merger became effective on November 6, 2020 (see Note 5 – Business Combination).
Risks
and Uncertainties
Regarding
the COVID-19 pandemic, a continuation or worsening of the levels of market disruption and volatility seen in the recent past could have
an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to access capital, on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial
condition. Management continues to monitor the developments and have taken active measures to protect the health of the Company’s
employees, their families and the Company’s communities. The ultimate impact will depend heavily on the duration of the COVID-19
pandemic and public health responses, as well as the substance and pace of macroeconomic recovery, all of which are uncertain and difficult
to predict considering the continuing evolving landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health responses to contain it.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Management has evaluated, and will continue to evaluate, the impact
of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect
on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations and/or completion of business combination, the specific impact is
not readily determinable as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. To date, the follow-up time for patient data for the
Phase 2b Dupuytren’s disease clinical trial, in addition to the launch of clinical trials in our SCA platform were delayed as a
result of COVID-19, however, such follow-up is now completed. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that
might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
NOTE
2 — GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLANS
The Company has not generated any revenues and has incurred a significant
loss since inception. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred a net loss of $10,884,058 and used $3,871,961 of cash
in operations. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $48,357,638 and a working capital deficit of $17,406,356.
The Company expects to invest a significant amount of capital to fund research and development. As a result, the Company expects that
its operating expenses will increase significantly, and consequently will require significant revenues to become profitable. Even if the
Company does become profitable, it may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. The Company cannot
predict when, if ever, it will be profitable. There can be no assurance that the intellectual property of the Company, or other technologies
it may acquire, will meet applicable regulatory standards, obtain required regulatory approvals, be capable of being produced in commercial
quantities at reasonable costs, or be successfully marketed. The Company plans to undertake additional laboratory studies with respect
to the intellectual property, and there can be no assurance that the results from such studies or trials will result in a commercially
viable product or will not identify unwanted side effects.
These
consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption of a going concern, which assumes that the Company will be
able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company’s ability to continue its
operations is dependent upon obtaining new financing for its ongoing operations. See Note 18 – Subsequent Events for information
related to financings completed subsequent to December 31, 2020. Future financing options which the Company plans to explore as funds
are needed include equity financings and loans and if the Company is unable to obtain such additional financing timely, or at all, the
Company may have to curtail its development, marketing and promotional activities, which would have a material adverse effect on its
business, financial condition and results of operations, and it could ultimately be forced to discontinue its operations and liquidate.
These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time,
which is defined as within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Realization of the Company’s
assets may be substantially different from the carrying amounts presented in these consolidated financial statements and the accompanying
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may become necessary, should the Company be unable to continue
as a going concern. See Note 1 – Business Organization and Nature of Operations - Risk and Uncertainties related to COVID-19.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
3 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
Unites States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, and 180
is deemed to be the accounting acquirer.
Consequently,
the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that are reflected in these consolidated financial statements prior to the Business
Combination are those of 180 Life Corp. and its subsidiaries. The preferred stock, common stock, additional paid in capital and earnings
per share amount in these consolidated financial statements for the period prior to the Business Combination have been restated to reflect
the recapitalization in accordance with the shares issued to the shareholders of the former parent, 180 Life Corp. as a result of the
Business Combination.
Emerging
Growth Company Disclosure Exemptions
The
Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For so long as the Company remains an emerging
growth company, it is permitted and plans to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public
companies that are not emerging growth companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to: being permitted to have only two
years of audited financial statements and only two years of related selected financial data and management’s discussion and analysis
of financial condition and results of operations disclosure; an exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirement in
the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; not being required
to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation
or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements; reduced
disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation arrangements in our periodic reports, registration statements and proxy statements;
and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any
golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, the JOBS Act permits emerging growth companies to take advantage of an
extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. The Company intends to
take advantage of the exemptions discussed above.
Principles
of Consolidation
The
consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Katexco prior to the Reorganization, the consolidated accounts
of 180 Life Corp, which includes Katexco, CBR Pharma and 180 LP, between the Reorganization and the Business Combination, and, effective
with the closing of the Business Combination, the consolidated accounts also include 180LS. All intercompany transactions and balances
have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, together with amounts disclosed in the related notes to the
consolidated financial statements. The Company’s significant estimates used in these financial statements include, but are not
limited to, the fair value of equity shares, the valuation of derivative liabilities, the valuation allowance associated with income
tax balances, the valuation of intangible assets in acquisition accounting, the useful lives of long-lived assets and the recovery of
notes receivable and other assets. Certain of the Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those
unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on
the Company’s estimates and may cause actual results to differ from those estimates.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Accounting
for Business Combinations
As
required by U.S. GAAP, the Company records acquisitions under the acquisition method of accounting, under which the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed are initially recorded at their respective fair values and any excess purchase price over the estimated fair value
of net assets acquired is reflected as goodwill. The Company uses estimates and, in some instances, independent third-party valuation
firms to assist in determining the fair values of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and contingent consideration, if any. Such estimates
and valuations require significant assumptions, including projections of future events and operating performance. The estimated fair
values are subject to change during the measurement period, which is limited to one year subsequent to the acquisition date.
Foreign
Currency Translation
The
Company’s reporting currency is the United States dollar. The functional currency of certain subsidiaries is the Canadian Dollar
(“CAD”) or British Pound (“GBP”). Assets and liabilities are translated based on the exchange rates at the balance
sheet date (0.7847 and 0.7689 for the CAD, 1.3649 and 1.3262 for the GBP as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively), while expense
accounts are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period (0.7462 and 0.7568 for the CAD and 1.2843 and 1.2613 for
the GBP for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively). Equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. The
resulting translation adjustments are recognized in stockholders’ equity (deficiency) as a component of accumulated other comprehensive
income.
Comprehensive
income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of an entity from all sources other than investments by owners or distributions to owners
and includes foreign currency translation adjustments as described above. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company
recorded other comprehensive gain/(loss) of $459,622 and ($160,745), respectively, as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments.
Foreign
currency gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are included
in results of operations. The Company recorded $1,030 and $7,652 of foreign currency transaction gains/(losses) for the years ended December
31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Such amounts have been classified within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents in the financial
statements. The Company had no cash equivalents at December 31, 2020 or 2019. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had bank accounts
in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Company’s cash deposits in United States and English financial institutions may
at times may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or the Financial Services Compensation Scheme
(“FSCS”) insurance limits, respectively. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts and periodically evaluates
the creditworthiness of its financial institutions.
Intangible
Assets and In-Process Research and Development (“IPR&D”)
Intangible
assets consist of licensed patents held by Katexco as well as technology licenses acquired in connection with the Reorganization. Licensed
patents are amortized over the remaining life of the patent. Technology licenses represent the fair value of licenses acquired for the
development and commercialization of certain licenses and knowledge. The technology licenses are amortized on a straight-line basis over
the estimated useful lives of the underlying patents. It will be necessary to monitor and possibly adjust the useful lives of the licensed
patents and technology licenses depending on the results of the Company’s research and development activities.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
IPR&D
assets represent the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired on July 16, 2019 in connection with the Reorganization, which
have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinite-lived
until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During the period that the IPR&D assets
are considered indefinite-lived, they are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if the Company becomes aware of
any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the IPR&D assets are less than their carrying
amounts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs upon regulatory approval, and the Company is able to commercialize
products associated with the IPR&D assets, these assets are then deemed definite-lived and are amortized based on their estimated
useful lives at that point in time. If development is terminated or abandoned, the Company may record a full or partial impairment charge
related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of the carrying value of the IPR&D assets over their estimated fair value.
Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets
The
Company reviews long-lived assets and certain identifiable assets for impairment whenever circumstances and situations change such that
there is an indication that the carrying amounts may not be recovered. An impairment exists when the carrying value of the long-lived
asset is not recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. No impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31,
2020 and 2019, respectively.
Goodwill
Goodwill
represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination.
The Company reviews goodwill yearly, or more frequently whenever circumstances and situations change such that there is an indication
that the carrying amounts may not be recovered, for impairment by initially considering qualitative factors to determine whether it is
more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, as a basis for determining
whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative analysis. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of
reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative analysis is performed to identify goodwill impairment. If it is determined
that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it is unnecessary to
perform a quantitative analysis. The Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing a quantitative
analysis. As of December 31, 2020, the Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and conducted a quantitative assessment whereby
it was determined the fair value of the reporting unit (which the Company concluded was the consolidated entity), exceeded the carrying
value and, accordingly, there was no impairment of goodwill.
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
The
Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
820 “Fair Value Measurements” (“ASC 820”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
ASC
820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the
principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement
date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize
the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
|
●
|
Level
1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
|
|
●
|
Level
2 - Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are
observable; and
|
|
●
|
Level
3 - Inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, consisting primarily of notes receivable, loans payable and
convertible notes payable, approximate their fair values as presented in these consolidated financial statements due to the short-term
nature of those instruments. The Company’s derivative liabilities were valued using level 3 inputs (see Note 11 – Derivative
Liabilities for additional information).
Accrued
Issuable Equity
The
Company records accrued issuable equity when it is contractually obligated to issue shares and there has been a delay in the issuance
of such shares. Accrued issuable equity is recorded and carried at fair value with changes in its fair value recognized in the Company’s
consolidated statements of operations. Once the underlying shares of common stock are issued, the accrued issuable equity is reclassified
as of the share issuance date at the then current fair market value of the common stock.
Stock-Based
Compensation
The
Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The
fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and is estimated by management based on observations of the recent cash sales prices
of common stock. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange
for the award, usually the vesting period. Upon the exercise of an option or warrant, the Company issues new shares of common stock out
of its authorized shares.
Derivative
Liabilities and Convertible Instruments
The
Company evaluates its debt and equity issuances to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as
derivatives requiring separate recognition in the Company’s financial statements. Entities must consider whether to classify contracts
that may be settled in its own stock, such as warrants, as equity of the entity or as an asset or liability. If an event that is not
within the entity’s control could require net cash settlement, then the contract should be classified as an asset or a liability
rather than as equity.
The
result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is marked-to-market at each balance sheet date
and recorded as a liability and the change in fair value is recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of
operations. In circumstances where there are multiple embedded instruments that are required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments
are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments
should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Equity instruments that are initially
classified as equity that become subject to reclassification are reclassified to liability at the fair value of the instrument on the
reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether
or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within twelve months of the balance sheet date.
If
the embedded conversion options do not require bifurcation, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature
by comparing the fair value of the Company’s underlying stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the
instrument (the intrinsic value).
Debt
discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption and are classified
in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Preferred stock discounts are only accreted to their redemption value
if redemption becomes probable.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Amendments
to convertible instruments are evaluated as to whether they should be accounted for as a modification of the original instrument with
no change to the accounting or, if the terms are substantially changed, as an extinguishment of the original instrument and the issuance
of a new instrument.
The
Company has computed the fair value of warrants, options, convertible notes and convertible preferred stock issued using the Monte-Carlo
and Black-Scholes option pricing models. The expected term used for warrants, convertible notes and convertible preferred stock are the
contractual life and the expected term used for options issued is the estimated period of time that options granted are expected to be
outstanding. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla”
option grants. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period
of time, equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry.
The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent
with the expected term of the instrument being valued.
Net
Loss Per Common Share
Basic
net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders
by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding
if the common share equivalents had been issued (computed using the treasury stock or if converted method), if dilutive.
The
following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion
would have been anti-dilutive:
|
|
For the Years Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Options
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
6,064,908
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Convertible debt (a)
|
|
|
932,614
|
|
|
|
682,908
|
|
Total potentially dilutive shares
|
|
|
7,047,522
|
|
|
|
682,908
|
|
|
(a)
|
Represents
shares issuable upon conversion of debt at variable conversion process, which were calculated using the fair value of the Company’s
common stock at the respective balance sheet date.
|
Research
and Development
Research and development expenses are charged
to operations as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred $2,217,371 and $1,981,299, respectively,
of research and development expenses. See Note 17 – Related Parties for more information on research and development expenses –
related parties. See Note 3 for a discussion related to acquired IPR&D.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Income
Taxes
The
Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”).
The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included or excluded
in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the difference between
the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts (“temporary differences”) at enacted
tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
The
Company utilizes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position
taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest
as interest expense and penalties as general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
loss.
Reclassifications
Certain
prior period balances have been reclassified in order to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no
effect on previously reported results of operations or loss per share.
Subsequent
Events
The
Company has evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before these financial statements were issued. Based
upon that evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment
or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 18 - Subsequent Events.
Recently
Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Recently
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In
March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2020-03, “Codification Improvements to
Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2020-03”). ASU 2020-03 improves and clarifies various financial instruments topics. ASU
2020-03 includes seven different issues that describe the areas of improvement and the related amendments to GAAP, intended to make the
standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The Company adopted ASU 2020-03
upon issuance, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In
January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other
(Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminated the calculation of implied goodwill fair value. Under the
amendments in this update, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting
unit’s fair value. However, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 upon issuance and its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial
statements.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Recently
Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In
February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU
2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should
recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing
its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make
an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees
and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective
approach. This amendment will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2021. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU
2018-10”), ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”) in July 2018, and
ASU No. 2018-20 “Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors” (“ASU 2018-20”) in December 2018.
ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-20 provide certain amendments that affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11
allows all entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional (and optional) transition method of adoption, under which an entity
initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of
retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating these ASUs and their impact on its consolidated financial
statements.
In
August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure
Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”). The amendments in ASU 2018-13 modify the disclosure requirements
on fair value measurements based on the concepts in the FASB Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The
amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop
Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the
most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively
to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020.
Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2018-13 and its impact
on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In
December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” which
is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general
principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. ASU 2019-12 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2019-12 and its impact on its financial position,
results of operations, and cash flows.
In
February 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-02, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842) —
Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119
and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date (“ASU 2020-02”) which provides clarifying guidance and minor updates to ASU No. 2016-13 —
Financial Instruments — Credit Loss (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016-13”) and related to ASU No. 2016-02 — Leases
(Topic 842). ASU 2020-02 amends the effective date of ASU 2016-13, such that ASU 2016-13 and its amendments will be effective for the
Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2020-02
and its impact on its financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
In
August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 “Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Topic 470) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts
in Entity’s Own Equity (Topic 815). The amendments in ASU 2020-06 are intended to simplify the accounting for certain financial
instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity by eliminating certain accounting models in Subtopic 470-20, for convertible
debt instruments. Under the amendments in this update, the embedded conversion features no longer are separated from the host contract
for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives
and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-on capital. A convertible debt instrument will be accounted
for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost and convertible preferred stock will be accounted for as a single equity instrument
measured at its historical cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. By removing the separation
models, the interest rate of convertible debt instruments typically will be closer to the coupon interest rate when applying the guidance
in Topic 835, Interest. These amendments to the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity change the
population of contracts that are recognized as assets or liabilities. For a freestanding instrument, an entity should record it in equity
if the instrument qualifies for the derivatives scope exception under the amendments. For an embedded feature, if the feature qualifies
for the derivatives scope exception under the amendments, an entity should no longer separate the feature and account for it individually.
The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those
fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2020-06 and its impact on its financial position, results of operations, and cash
flows.
NOTE
4 — REORGANIZATION AND RECAPITALIZATION
On
July 16, 2019, 180 and each of 180 LP, Katexco and CBR Pharma completed a corporate restructuring, pursuant to which 180 LP, Katexco
and CBR Pharma became wholly-owned subsidiaries of 180 (the “Reorganization”). It was determined that Katexco was the accounting
acquirer in the Reorganization and the remaining companies were the accounting acquirees.
In connection with the Reorganization, the Company
issued an aggregate of 9,881,785 shares of common stock, and 1 share of preferred stock which is exchangeable into an aggregate of 1,664,083
shares of common stock at the option of the holders, to the former shareholders of CBR Pharma and 180 LP, in exchange for 100% of the
outstanding equity and equity equivalents of CBR Pharma and 180 LP. Of the 9,881,785 shares of common stock issued in connection with
the Reorganization, 2,694,053 shares were issued to a consultant were subject to redemption by 180 LP (the “Contingently Redeemable
Shares”) for an aggregate redemption price of $4.00 if (i) the closing of the Business Combination did not occur on or prior to
October 31, 2019; or (iii) the consultant terminated its service with 180 LP prior to October 31, 2019. On November 11, 2019, the Board
of Directors authorized its management to enter into an agreement to waive its right of redemption in connection with the Contingently
Redeemable Shares. Note 15 - Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency), Contingently Redeemable Shares.
The
Reorganization was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting, with Katexco being the accounting
acquirer for financial reporting purposes.
The
following table summarizes the purchase price consideration paid to the accounting acquirees:
|
|
CBR Pharma
|
|
|
180 LP
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Debt assumed
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
270,000
|
|
|
$
|
270,000
|
|
Shares
at fair value (a)
|
|
|
24,927,274
|
|
|
|
20,939,224
|
|
|
|
45,866,498
|
|
Total Purchase Consideration
|
|
$
|
24,927,274
|
|
|
$
|
21,209,224
|
|
|
$
|
46,136,498
|
|
|
a)
|
Represents
the fair value of 3,965,059 and 1,326,830 shares of common stock and common stock equivalents issued to the former shareholders of CBR
Pharma and 180 LP, respectively. The value of the Contingently Redeemable Shares was not accounted for since, as of the date of the Reorganization,
it was not probable that the conditions for which the redemption provision could be removed would be met.
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
following table represents the preliminary allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their fair values on the
acquisition date:
|
|
CBR Pharma
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
47,268
|
|
|
$
|
38,810
|
|
|
$
|
86,078
|
|
Prepaid expenses (1)
|
|
|
126,606
|
|
|
|
595,849
|
|
|
|
722,455
|
|
Other receivables
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
420,000
|
|
|
|
420,000
|
|
Deposits
|
|
|
86,192
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
86,192
|
|
Property and equipment
|
|
|
47,958
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
47,958
|
|
Technology licenses (2)
|
|
|
1,609,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,609,000
|
|
In process research and development (2)
|
|
|
1,584,000
|
|
|
|
10,943,000
|
|
|
|
12,527,000
|
|
Due from (to) related parties
|
|
|
783,593
|
|
|
|
(555,100
|
)
|
|
|
228,493
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
(1,528,894
|
)
|
|
|
(134,081
|
)
|
|
|
(1,662,976
|
)
|
Deferred income, related party (3)
|
|
|
(36,537
|
)
|
|
|
(492,329
|
)
|
|
|
(528,866
|
)
|
Deferred tax liabilities (4)
|
|
|
(832,000
|
)
|
|
|
(2,845,180
|
)
|
|
|
(3,677,180
|
)
|
Net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed
|
|
|
1,887,186
|
|
|
|
7,970,969
|
|
|
|
9,858,154
|
|
Goodwill (2)
|
|
|
23,040,089
|
|
|
|
13,238,255
|
|
|
|
36,278,344
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
24,927,275
|
|
|
$
|
21,209,224
|
|
|
$
|
46,136,498
|
|
|
(1)
|
Includes
$588,349 related to prepaid research and development expenses with Oxford University. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies.
|
|
(2)
|
Changes
in the balance of technology licenses, in process research and development and goodwill reflected on the balance sheet are the result
of the impact of the change in foreign currency exchange rates.
|
|
(3)
|
Represents
deferred income associated with the 360 Life Sciences Corp. agreement (formerly known as the “Reformation Pharmaceuticals”
agreement). See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies.
|
|
(4)
|
See
Note 16 – Income Taxes for more information on deferred tax liabilities.
|
Management,
with the assistance of an independent valuation firm, valued the technology licenses and the in-process research and development utilizing
the cost approach. The goodwill is attributed to (a) synergies arising from the overlap of clinical research among the entities; (b)
the benefit of future market, drug and product development; and (c) the benefit of revenue growth from both areas. The deferred tax liability
relates to the book-tax basis difference associated with the intangible assets at an estimated tax rate of 26%, which is an estimate
of the blended United States and Canadian federal and state/province effective income tax rates.
Pro
Forma Results
The
following table sets forth the unaudited pro forma results of the Company as if the Reorganization were effective on January 1, 2019.
These combined results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may have been achieved had the companies always been combined.
|
|
For the
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2019
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
$
|
(25,300,321
|
)
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(29,437,823
|
)
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
5 — BUSINESS COMBINATION
On
November 6, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated the previously announced business combination (the “Business
Combination”) following a special meeting of stockholders held on November 5, 2020, where the stockholders of the Company considered
and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt that certain Business Combination Agreement (as amended, the “Business Combination
Agreement”), dated as of July 25, 2019. References to “KBL” below refer to the Company prior to the Closing Date, then
known as KBL Merger Corp. IV (“KBL”). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, a subsidiary of
the Company merged with and into 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”).
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of 180. All of 180’s capital stock outstanding immediately
prior to the merger was exchanged for (i) 15,736,348 shares of 180LS common stock, (ii) 2 shares of Class C and Class K Special Voting
Shares exchangeable into 1,763,652 shares of 180LS common stock which are presented as outstanding in the accompanying Statement of Changes
in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) due to the reverse recapitalization. KBL’s 6,928,645 outstanding shares of common stock
are presented as being issued on the date of the Business Combination.
Below
is a summary of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in connection with the Business Combination:
|
|
KBL Merger
Corp. IV
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
3,006,235
|
|
Prepaid expenses
|
|
|
57,748
|
|
Marketable securities held in Trust Account
|
|
|
10,373,857
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
(4,722,933
|
)
|
Convertible notes payable, net of debt discount
|
|
|
(2,504,045
|
)
|
Derivative liabilities (see Note 11)
|
|
|
(3,945,365
|
)
|
Due to/from Related Party
|
|
|
(201,859
|
)
|
Loans payable
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
Promissory note with 180
|
|
|
(496,161
|
)
|
Redemptions payable
|
|
|
(9,006,493
|
)
|
Net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed
|
|
|
(6,813,017
|
)
|
Series A convertible preferred stock (see Note 15)
|
|
|
(1,411,264
|
)
|
Effect of reverse recapitalization
|
|
$
|
(8,860,281
|
)
|
Subsequent
to the Business Combination, the marketable securities were released from the Trust Account, were converted into cash, and were used
to settle the share redemptions payable.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
6 — NOTES RECEIVABLE, NET
The
Company had the following notes receivable from KBL, net as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
As of
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Notes receivable from KBL
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1,699,825
|
|
Provision for notes receivable from KBL
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,699,825
|
)
|
Notes receivable, net
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
As
of December 31, 2019, 180 had loaned $1,699,825 to KBL to fund its operating expenses, deal transaction expenses, and certain financing
expenses for the Business Combination. During the year ended December 31, 2020, KBL paid an aggregate amount of $1,203,750 on behalf
of 180 in the form of payments to various vendors of 180 and cash paid directly to 180 in order to fund its operations, in partial satisfaction
of the Company’s Notes Receivable. The notes did not accrue interest and matured upon the closing of the Business Combination.
As of December 31, 2020, the remaining balance of the notes receivable from KBL was eliminated in consolidation as part of the Business
Combination with KBL.
The
notes receivable from KBL were originally fully reserved because recoverability could not be assured in the event the Business Combination
did not close and since the Business Combination was consummated, the reserve was reversed and recovered as of December 31, 2020. During
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 180 recorded bad debt (recovery) expense of ($1,699,825) and $649,825, respectively, related
to the notes receivable from KBL, which is included in general and administrative expense on the accompanying consolidated statements
of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recorded $1,050,000 of bad debt expense before the Reorganization, which is not included
in these consolidated financial statements.
NOTE
7 — PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Prepaid
expenses consist of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
As of
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Insurance
|
|
$
|
1,003,271
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Research and development expense tax credit receivable
|
|
|
409,470
|
|
|
|
211,740
|
|
Professional fees
|
|
|
104,080
|
|
|
|
115,166
|
|
Value-added tax receivable
|
|
|
37,751
|
|
|
|
43,352
|
|
Taxes
|
|
|
37,424
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other
|
|
|
14,418
|
|
|
|
34,999
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
186,391
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,606,414
|
|
|
$
|
591,648
|
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
8 — INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible
assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
Remaining Amortization Period In Years at
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2020
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2019
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2020
|
|
|
Gross Asset
Value
|
|
|
Accumulated Amortization
|
|
|
Net
Carrying Value
|
|
|
Gross
Asset Value
|
|
|
Accumulated Amortization
|
|
|
Net
Carrying Value
|
|
Licensed patents
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
|
$
|
592,608
|
|
|
$
|
(76,766
|
)
|
|
$
|
515,842
|
|
|
$
|
583,145
|
|
|
$
|
(43,314
|
)
|
|
$
|
539,831
|
|
Technology license
|
|
|
18.5
|
|
|
|
1,652,469
|
|
|
|
(120,493
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,531,976
|
|
|
|
1,619,107
|
|
|
|
(37,104
|
)
|
|
|
1,582,003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,245,077
|
|
|
$
|
(197,259
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,047,818
|
|
|
$
|
2,202,252
|
|
|
$
|
(80,418
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,121,834
|
|
Changes
in the gross asset value of licensed patents and technology licenses from the dates acquired are the result of changes in the foreign
currency exchange rate.
The Company recorded amortization expense of $116,841
and $62,589 during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to intangible assets, which is included in general
and administrative expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Future
amortization related to intangible assets is as follows:
For the Years Ending December 31,
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
$
|
113,994
|
|
2022
|
|
|
113,994
|
|
2023
|
|
|
113,994
|
|
2024
|
|
|
113,994
|
|
2025
|
|
|
113,994
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
1,477,848
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,047,818
|
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
9 — ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued
expenses consist of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Consulting fees
|
|
$
|
1,718,559
|
|
|
$
|
613,115
|
|
Professional fees
|
|
|
1,261,751
|
|
|
|
459,084
|
|
Employee and director compensation
|
|
|
878,292
|
|
|
|
395,248
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
184,576
|
|
|
|
15,571
|
|
Other
|
|
|
45,321
|
|
|
|
3,003
|
|
Research and development fees
|
|
|
17,817
|
|
|
|
120,631
|
|
Travel expenses
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Patent costs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
84,814
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,110,916
|
|
|
$
|
1,691,466
|
|
As
of December 31, 2020 and 2019, accrued expenses - related parties was $454,951 and $177,074, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, accrued
expenses – related parties consisted of fees of professional fees and services. See Note 17 – Related Parties for details.
NOTE
10 — ACCRUED ISSUABLE EQUITY
A summary of the accrued issuable equity activity during the years ended December 31, 2020
and 2019 is presented below:
Balance at January 1, 2019
|
|
$
|
640,116
|
|
Reclassification to equity
|
|
|
(979,365
|
)
|
Mark-to market
|
|
|
327,879
|
|
Effect of FX translation
|
|
|
11,370
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2019
|
|
|
-
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
43,095
|
|
Reclassification to equity
|
|
|
-
|
|
Mark-to market
|
|
|
-
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2020
|
|
$
|
43,095
|
|
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a contractual arrangement for services in exchange for shares of common stock
of the Company for fixed dollar amounts. Pursuant to the contractual agreement, the Company will issue an aggregate value of $5,000 common
shares on a monthly basis and an aggregate of $30,000 of common shares at the end of each quarter. As of December 31, 2020, the Company
recorded $43,095 of accrued issuable equity related to services. See Note 14 – Commitment and Contingencies for more information
on this contractual agreement. See Note 18 – Subsequent Events for additional information.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
11 — DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES
The
following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 derivative liabilities that are measured at fair value
on a recurring basis:
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Convertible Notes
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2020
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Derivative liabilities assumed at date of Business Combination
|
|
|
2,754,865
|
|
|
|
23,500
|
|
|
|
1,167,000
|
|
|
|
3,945,365
|
|
Derecognition of derivative liabilities in connection with convertible note and preferred stock modifications and exchanges
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(723,336
|
)
|
|
|
(2,033,068
|
)
|
|
|
(2,756,404
|
)
|
Issuance of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,219,700
|
|
|
|
218,000
|
|
|
|
1,437,700
|
|
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
1,462,305
|
|
|
|
(294,064
|
)
|
|
|
648,068
|
|
|
|
1,816,309
|
|
Ending balance as of December 31, 2020
|
|
$
|
4,217,170
|
|
|
$
|
225,800
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
4,442,970
|
|
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, in connection with the Business Combination, the Company assumed derivative liabilities in the aggregate
amounts of $188,940, $1,978,000, $587,925, $23,500, and $531,000 related to the AGP Warrants (defined below under AGP Warrants), public
warrants, private warrants, embedded conversion options of certain convertible notes payable, and redemption features of the Series A
Preferred Stock, respectively. See Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable for additional details. See Note 15 – Stockholders’
Equity (Deficiency) for a description of the warrants issued and preferred stock redemption features deemed to be derivative liabilities.
In applying the Monte-Carlo and Black-Scholes option pricing models to derivatives assumed on November 6, 2020, the Company used the
following assumptions:
|
|
November 6,
2020
|
|
Riske free interest rate
|
|
0.08% - 0.40%
|
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
0.26 - 5.01
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
80% - 207%
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
0.00%
|
|
In
connection with the modification of certain convertible notes on November 25, 2020 (See Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable for
additional details), the Company applied the Monte-Carlo and Black-Scholes option pricing models to value embedded features as derivative
liabilities with the following assumptions:
|
|
November 25,
2020
|
|
Riske free interest rate
|
|
0.06% - 0.09%
|
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
0.24 - 0.54
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
115% - 160%
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
0.00%
|
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company extinguished an aggregate of $1,318,704 of derivative liabilities in connection with repayments
and exchanges of certain convertible notes payable and preferred stock into shares of the Company’s common stock. See Note 13 –
Convertible Notes Payable and Note 15 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) for additional details. In applying the Monte-Carlo
and Black-Scholes option pricing models to derivatives related to the embedded features of the convertible notes during the year ended
December 31, 2020, the Company used the following assumptions:
|
|
For the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2020
|
|
Risk free interest rate
|
|
0.03% - 0.09%
|
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
0.15 - 0.50
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
105% - 150%
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
0.00%
|
|
In
applying the Monte-Carlo and Black-Scholes option pricing models to derivatives outstanding on December 31, 2020, the Company used the
following assumptions:
|
|
December 31,
2020
|
|
Risk free interest rate
|
|
0.00% - 0.36%
|
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
0.11 - 4.85
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
84% - 207%
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
0.00%
|
|
Convertible
Notes
On
November 6, 2020, in connection with the Business Combination (see Note 5), the Company assumed certain convertible notes (see Note
13) which had default features that had been bifurcated from the notes and were recorded as derivative liabilities with a fair value
of $23,500 on that date. On November 25, 2020, the conversion prices of the convertible notes were amended and the Company
determined that the amendment should be recorded as an extinguishment (see Note 13). The existing derivative liabilities were
first marked-to-market as of the date of the amendment, reducing the value by $3,200 and the $20,300 fair value of the derivative
liabilities was then derecognized. The reissuance of the amended convertible notes was recorded, including the bifurcation of the
default features and new redemption features which had an aggregate fair value of $1,219,700. Between November 27, 2020 and December
31, 2020, there were multiple conversions of the convertible notes that were recorded as extinguishments due to the existence of
bifurcated derivative liabilities (see Note 13). The bifurcated derivative liabilities were marked-to-market just prior to
each conversion and at period end, resulting in an aggregate reduction of $290,864 in the fair value of the derivative liabilities
and $703,036 aggregate fair value of the bifurcated derivative liabilities were derecognized on the conversion dates, leaving
derivative liabilities with a fair value of $225,800 outstanding on December 31, 2020.
Alliance
Global Partners (“AGP”) Warrants
In connection with the closing of the Business
Combination on November 6, 2020, the Company became obligated to issue five-year warrants for the purchase of 63,658 shares of the Company’s
common stock at an exercise price of $5.28 per share (the “AGP Warrant Liability”) to an investment banking firm in connection
with a prior private placement. The value of the AGP Warrants assumed on the date of the Business Combination was $188,940 and at December
31, 2020 the value is $165,895, the difference is due to a change in fair value of $23,045. See Note 18 – Subsequent Events for
details of the issuance of the AGP warrants.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Public
Warrants
Participant’s
in KBL’s initial public offering received an aggregate of 11,500,000 Public Warrants (“Public Warrants”). Each Public
Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one-half of one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $5.75 per half
share ($11.50 per whole share), subject to adjustment. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The
Public Warrants are currently exercisable and will expire five years after the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon
redemption or liquidation. The Company may redeem the Public Warrants, in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant
upon 30 days’ notice (“30-day redemption period”), only in the event that the last sale price of the common stock equals
or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date
on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is an effective registration statement with respect to the shares of common stock
underlying such Public Warrants and a current prospectus relating to those shares of common stock is available throughout the 30-day
redemption period. If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption as described above, the Company’s management will have
the option to require all holders that wish to exercise Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” Management has determined
that the Public Warrants contain a tender offer provision which could result in the Public Warrants settling for the tender offer consideration
(including potentially cash) in a transaction that didn’t result in a change-in-control. This feature results in the Public Warrants
being precluded from equity classification. Accordingly, the Public Warrants are classified as liabilities measured at fair value, with
changes in fair value each period reported in earnings. The value of the Public Warrants assumed on the date of the Business Combination
was $1,978,000 and at December 31, 2020 the value was $3,795,000, the difference is due to a change in fair value of $1,817,000.
Private
Warrants
Participant’s
in KBL’s initial private placement received an aggregate of 502,500 Private Warrants (“Private Warrants”). Each
Private Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one-half of one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of
$5.75 per half share ($11.50 per whole share), subject to adjustment. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the
warrants. The Private Warrants are currently exercisable and will expire five years after the completion of the Business Combination
or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The Private Warrants are non-redeemable so long as they are held by original holders or
their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by other parties, the Company may redeem the Private Warrants, in
whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per Warrant upon 30 days’ notice (“30-day redemption period”), only in
the event that the last sale price of the common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a
30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is an
effective registration statement with respect to the shares of common stock underlying such Warrants and a current prospectus
relating to those shares of common stock is available throughout the 30-day redemption period. If the Company calls the Private
Warrants for redemption as described above, the Company’s management will have the option to require all holders that wish to
exercise Private Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” Management has determined that the Private Warrants contain a
tender offer provision which could result in the Private Warrants settling for the tender offer consideration (including potentially
cash) in a transaction that didn’t result in a change-in-control. This feature (amongst others) results in the Private
Warrants being precluded from equity classification. Accordingly, the Private Warrants are classified as liabilities measured
at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings. The value of the Private Warrants assumed on the date of
the Business Combination was $587,925 and at December 31, 2020, the value was $256,275, the difference is due to a change in fair
value of $331,650.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
following is a summary of warrant activity (in whole shares) for the year ended December 31, 2020:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
Life
|
|
|
Intrinsic
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
In Years
|
|
|
Value
|
|
Outstanding, January 1, 2020
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
|
|
|
|
6,064,908
|
|
|
|
11.43
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding, December 31, 2020
|
|
|
|
6,064,908
|
|
|
$
|
11.43
|
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable, December 31, 2020
|
|
|
|
6,001,250
|
|
|
$
|
11.50
|
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
The
following table presents information related to stock warrants (in whole shares) at December 31, 2020:
Warrants Outstanding
|
|
|
Warrants Exercisable
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
Exercisable
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Remaining Life
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
In Years
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
$
|
11.50
|
|
|
|
6,001,250
|
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
|
|
6,001,250
|
|
$
|
5.28
|
|
|
|
63,658
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,064,908
|
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
|
|
6,001,250
|
|
NOTE
12 — LOANS PAYABLE
Loans
Payable, Current Portion
The
current portion of the Company’s loans payable as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
|
|
Simple
Interest Rate
|
|
|
December 31,
2020
|
|
|
December 31,
2019
|
|
Loan payable issued September 18, 2019
|
|
8%
|
|
|
$
|
50,000
|
|
|
$
|
50,000
|
|
Loan payable issued October 29, 2019
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
69,250
|
|
|
|
66,250
|
|
Loan payable issued February 5, 2020
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued March 31, 2020
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
4,537
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued June 8, 2020
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued June 8, 2020
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Kingsbrook loan issued June 12, 2020
|
|
15%
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued July 15, 2020 *
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
4,695
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued October 13, 2020
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
13,337
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued December 10, 2020
|
|
3%
|
|
|
|
655,594
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Current portion of PPP Loans (1)
|
|
1%
|
|
|
|
7,533
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
968,446
|
|
|
$
|
116,250
|
|
|
*
|
These
loans are denominated in currencies other than USD.
|
|
(1)
|
See
Loans Payable, Non-Current Portion for a description of the PPP Loans.
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
On
January 31, 2020, the loan payable dated October 29, 2019 was amended to increase the principal balance by $3,000 in satisfaction
of certain accounts payable. The loans payable issued between September 18, 2019 and March 31, 2020 matured on June 30, 2020. On July
1, 2020, the Company amended the terms of these loans to extend the maturity terms to the earlier of (a) the closing of a qualified
financing; or (b) November 1, 2020.
On
June 12, 2020, the Company entered into a promissory note agreement with Kingsbrook Opportunities Master Fund LP (“Kingsbrook”)
for an aggregate principal sum of $150,000, which bears interest at 15% per annum and matures on August 31, 2021. See Note 13 —
Convertible Notes Payable, Extinguishment of Senior Note and Issuance of New Note for additional details. See Note 18 – Subsequent
Events for information related to the repayment of this note.
On
November 27, 2020, the Company entered into amended loan agreements, excluding the Kingsbrook promissory note and PPP loans (discussed
below), with all parties to modify the terms of the loan agreements. The loan agreements were extended and modified to mature at the
earlier of (a) a filing pursuant to a Form S-1 Registration Statement; or (b) February 15, 2021. See Note 18 – Subsequent Events
for more information on the extension of the loans and repayment of the Kingsbrook promissory note.
The
terms of all loan extensions were reviewed and were deemed to be modifications, rather than extinguishments.
Loans
Payable, Non-Current Portion
The
non-current portion of the Company’s loans payable as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:
|
|
Simple
Interest
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
|
|
Rate
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
Date
|
|
PPP loan payable issued May 5, 2020
|
|
1.0%
|
|
|
|
51,051
|
|
|
5/4/2022
|
|
PPP loan payable issued April 24, 2020
|
|
1.0%
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
4/23/2022
|
|
BBLS loan payable issued June 10, 2020
|
|
2.5%
|
|
|
|
68,245
|
|
|
6/10/2026
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
|
|
|
121,296
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Current portion of PPP loans (see above)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,533
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
113,763
|
|
|
|
|
During
April and May 2020, the Company received loans in the aggregate amount of $53,051 (the “PPP Loans”), under the Payroll
Protection Program (“PPP”), to support continuing employment during the COVID-19 pandemic. See Note 18 – Subsequent
Events for more information on the application for forgiveness of the PPP Loans.
Effective
March 27, 2020, legislation referred to as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was passed
to benefit companies in the U.S. that were significantly impacted by the pandemic. Under the terms of the CARES Act, as amended by the
Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020, the Company is eligible to apply for and receive forgiveness for all or a portion
of their respective PPP Loans. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the loan proceeds for
certain permissible purposes as set forth in the PPP, including, but not limited to, payroll costs (as defined under the PPP) and mortgage
interest, rent or utility costs (collectively, “Qualifying Expenses”) incurred during the 24 weeks subsequent to funding,
and on the maintenance of employee and compensation levels, as defined, following the funding of the PPP Loan. The Company intends to
use the proceeds of their PPP Loans for Qualifying Expenses. However, no assurance is provided that the Company will be able to obtain
forgiveness of the PPP Loans in whole or in part. Any amounts not forgiven incur interest at 1.0% per annum and monthly repayments of
principal and interest are deferred for six months after the date of disbursement. While the Company’s PPP loans currently have
a two-year maturity, the amended law will permit the Company to request a five-year maturity. As of December 31, 2020, the Company recorded
accrued interest of $354 related to the PPP loans. During the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Company recorded interest
expense of $354 and $0, respectively, related to the PPP loans.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
On June 10, 2020, the Company
received GBP £50,000 (USD $64,353) of cash proceeds pursuant to the Bounce Back Loan Scheme (“BBLS”), which provides
financial support to businesses across the UK that are losing revenue, and seeing their cashflow disrupted, as a result of the COVID-19
outbreak. The BBLS is unsecured and bears interest at 2.5% per annum. The maximum loan amount is GBP £50,000 and the length of
the loan is six years, with payments beginning 12 months after the date of disbursement. Early repayment is allowed, without early repayment
fees. As of December 31, 2020, the Company recorded accrued interest of GBP £514 (USD $702) related to the BBLS loan. During the
years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Company recorded interest expense of GBP £514 (USD $702) and $0, respectively, related
the BBLS loan.
Loans
Payable, Related Parties
Loans
payable to related parties (the “Related Party Loans”) consist of loans payable to certain of the Company’s officers,
directors and a greater than 10% stockholder. The Company had the following loans payable to related parties outstanding as of December
31, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
|
Simple
Interest Rate
|
|
|
December 31,
2020
|
|
|
December 31,
2019
|
|
Loan payable issued September 18, 2019
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
$
|
50,000
|
|
|
$
|
50,000
|
|
Loan payable issued October 8, 2019
|
|
|
0%
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
Loan payable issued October 20, 2019 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
81,463
|
|
|
|
79,572
|
|
Loan payable issued October 28, 2019 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
7,088
|
|
|
|
6,887
|
|
Loan payable issued October 29, 2019
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
Loan payable issued October 29, 2019
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
Loan payable issued November 27, 2019 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
20,515
|
|
|
|
19,933
|
|
Loan payable issued December 11, 2019
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
10,342
|
|
|
|
10,133
|
|
Loan payable issued January 14, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
4,726
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued January 20, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
137,382
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued January 30, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
7,088
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued February 5, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued February 28, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
19,261
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued March 31, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
4,537
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued April 2, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
1,871
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued April 2, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
1,564
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued April 13, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
12,875
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued April 13, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
12,905
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued April 27, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
7,962
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued May 19, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
2,152
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued May 30, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
7,962
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued May 30, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
7,890
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued June 17, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued July 15, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
5,503
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued August 25, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
9,162
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued October 8, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
8,796
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued October 15, 2020
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
10,094
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued October 14, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
4,544
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued October 1, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
10,253
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loan payable issued November 4, 2020 *
|
|
|
8%
|
|
|
|
9,162
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
513,082
|
|
|
$
|
220,525
|
|
|
*
|
These
loans are denominated in currencies other than USD.
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
At
issuance, the Related Party Loans provided for a maturity date upon the earliest of (a) the consummation of the Business Combination;
(b) June 30, 2020; or (c) 60 days after the respective issuance date. On July 1, 2020, the Company amended the terms of the
Related Party Loans to extend the maturity terms to the earlier of (a) the closing of a qualified financing; or (b) November
1, 2020. See Note 18 – Subsequent Events, Extension of the Loan Agreements for additional details. The terms of all loan extensions
were reviewed and were deemed to be modifications, rather than extinguishments.
Interest
Expense on Loans Payable
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company
recognized interest expense and interest expense — related parties associated with outstanding loans, of $23,709 and $35,973, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized interest expense and interest expense — related parties associated
with outstanding loans, of $2,055 and $3,086, respectively.
As
of December 31, 2020, the Company had accrued interest and accrued interest — related parties associated with outstanding
loans, of $24,824 and $37,539, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had accrued interest and accrued interest —
related parties associated with outstanding loans, of $2,055 and $3,086, respectively. See Note 17 — Related Parties for additional
details.
NOTE
13 — CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE
The
following table details the convertible notes payable activity during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
For
The Year Ended December 31, 2020
|
|
|
Effective
Date
|
|
Maturity
Date
(as amended,
if applicable)
|
|
01/01/20
Principal
Balance
|
|
|
Debt
Issued
|
|
|
Debt
Discount
|
|
|
Amortization
of Debt Discount
|
|
|
Impact
of Extinguishment
|
|
|
Unpaid
Interest Capitalized to Principal
|
|
|
Amendment
to
Senior Notes &
Bridge Notes
|
|
|
Conversions
to Common Stock
|
|
|
12/31/20
Principal
Balance
|
|
Dominion
Convertible Promissory Note
|
|
06/12/20
|
|
02/11/21
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1,805,556
|
|
|
$
|
(722,966
|
)
|
|
$
|
134,134
|
|
|
$
|
588,832
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
(972,222
|
)
|
|
$
|
833,334
|
|
Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory
Note
|
|
06/12/20
|
|
02/11/21
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,796,411
|
|
|
|
(685,615
|
)
|
|
|
127,227
|
|
|
|
558,388
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,695,411
|
)
|
|
|
101,000
|
|
Alpha Capital Convertible Promissory
Note
|
|
06/12/20
|
|
02/11/21
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,111,111
|
|
|
|
(800,421
|
)
|
|
|
94,786
|
|
|
|
705,635
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(495,000
|
)
|
|
|
616,111
|
|
Amended Senior Note
|
|
07/25/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
|
1,405,695
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
104,418
|
|
|
|
(1,510,113
|
)[1]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Amended
Senior Note (1)
|
|
07/25/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
|
1,081,251
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
123,681
|
|
|
|
563,847
|
[2]
|
|
|
(1,768,779
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Bridge Note
|
|
12/27/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
[3]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
Bridge Note
|
|
01/03/20
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
82,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
8,250
|
[3]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
90,750
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,736,946
|
|
|
$
|
4,795,578
|
|
|
$
|
(2,209,002
|
)
|
|
$
|
356,147
|
|
|
$
|
1,852,855
|
|
|
$
|
228,099
|
|
|
$
|
(913,016
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,931,412
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,916,195
|
|
|
[1]
|
See
Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable - Extinguishment of Senior Note and Issuance of New Note for additional details.
|
|
[2]
|
See
Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable - Bridge Notes for additional details.
|
|
[3]
|
See
Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable – Amended Bridge Notes for additional details.
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
|
|
For
the Year ended December 31, 2019
|
|
|
Effective
Date
|
|
Maturity
Date
(as amended,
if applicable)
|
|
01/01/19
Principal
Balance
|
|
|
Debt
Issued
|
|
|
Debt
Discount
|
|
|
Amortization
of Debt Discount
|
|
|
Impact
of Extinguishment
|
|
|
Unpaid
Interest Capitalized to Principal
|
|
|
Amendment
to
Senior Notes &
Bridge Notes
|
|
|
Conversions
to Common Stock
|
|
|
12/31/19
Principal
Balance
|
|
Senior Note
|
|
07/25/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1,025,000
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
56,251
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1,081,251
|
|
Amended Senior Note
|
|
07/25/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
900,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
49,390
|
|
|
|
456,305
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,405,695
|
|
Amended Senior Note
|
|
07/25/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
26,372
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,427
|
|
|
|
12,342
|
|
|
|
(43,141
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Bridge Note
|
|
12/27/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
2,201,372
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
110,068
|
|
|
$
|
468,647
|
|
|
$
|
(43,141
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,736,946
|
|
The
following table details the convertible notes payable – related parties activities during the years ended December 31, 2020 and
2019:
|
|
For
the year ended December 31, 2020
|
|
|
Effective
Date
|
|
Maturity Date
(as amended,
if applicable)
|
|
01/01/20
Principal
Balance
|
|
|
Debt
Issued
|
|
|
Unpaid
Interest Capitalized to Principal
|
|
|
Amendment
to
Senior Notes
|
|
|
Conversions
to Common Stock
|
|
|
12/31/20
Principal
Balance
|
|
Amended Senior
Notes (1)
|
|
07/25/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
$
|
184,604
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
34,760
|
|
|
$
|
51,396
|
|
|
|
(270,760
|
)
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
180 LP Convertible Note
|
|
09/24/13
|
|
09/25/15
|
|
|
160,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
160,000
|
|
180 LP Convertible Note
|
|
06/16/14
|
|
06/16/17
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
180
LP Convertible Note
|
|
07/08/14
|
|
07/08/17
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
454,604
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
34,760
|
|
|
$
|
51,396
|
|
|
$
|
(270,760
|
)
|
|
$
|
270,000
|
|
|
(1)
|
Includes
$588,349 related to prepaid research and development expenses with Oxford University. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies.
|
|
|
For
the Year Ended December 31, 2019
|
|
|
Effective
Date
|
|
Maturity Date
(as amended,
if applicable)
|
|
01/01/19
Principal
Balance
|
|
|
Debt
Issued
|
|
|
Unpaid
Interest Capitalized to Principal
|
|
|
Amendment
to
Senior Notes
|
|
|
Conversions
to Common Stock
|
|
|
12/31/19
Principal
Balance
|
|
Amended Senior
Notes
|
|
07/25/19
|
|
08/28/21
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
175,000
|
|
|
$
|
9,604
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
184,604
|
|
180 LP Convertible Note
|
|
09/24/13
|
|
09/25/15
|
|
|
160,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
160,000
|
|
180 LP Convertible Note
|
|
06/16/14
|
|
06/16/17
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
180
LP Convertible Note
|
|
07/08/14
|
|
07/08/17
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
270,000
|
|
|
$
|
175,000
|
|
|
$
|
9,604
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
454,604
|
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Dominion,
Kingsbrook and Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes
Upon
the closing of the Business Combination, the Dominion (defined below), Kingsbrook and Alpha (defined below) Convertible Promissory Notes
were assumed.
Dominion
Convertible Promissory Notes
|
|
Dominion
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
|
Debt Discount
|
|
|
Net
|
|
Balance at 12/31/19
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Assumption of Note
|
|
|
1,805,556
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,805,556
|
|
Debt discount at assumption
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(722,966
|
)
|
|
|
(722,966
|
)
|
Amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
134,134
|
|
|
|
134,134
|
|
Impact of extinguishment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
588,832
|
|
|
|
588,832
|
|
Impact of conversion
|
|
|
(972,222
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(972,222
|
)
|
Balance at 12/31/20
|
|
$
|
833,334
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
833,334
|
|
On
June 12, 2020 (the “Dominion Issue Date”), KBL entered into a $1,666,667 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note and $138,889
10% Senior Secured Convertible Extension Promissory Note (together the “Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes”) with Dominion
Capital LLC (“Dominion”), which was issued to Dominion in conjunction with 400,000 shares of common stock (the “Dominion
Commitment Shares”). In conjunction with the transaction, KBL entered into a series of Leak Out Agreements in which certain parities
agreed that they would not sell, dispose or otherwise transfer, in aggregate more than 5% of the composite daily trading volume of the
common stock of KBL. Pursuant to the Leak-Out Agreement between the KBL and Caravel CAD Fund Ltd., KBL issued 404,245 restricted shares
of common stock (“Leak-Out Shares”).
The
Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes had a debt discount due to original issue discount, third-party fees directly attributed to the
issuance, leak-out shares, a derivative liability, a beneficial conversion feature and warrants. The debt discount assumed at the Business
Combination for this note was $722,996, which is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt. See Note 11 – Derivative
Liabilities for more information on the derivative liabilities related to this note.
The
Company has agreed to pay the principal amount, together with interest at the annual rate of 10% (unless the Company defaults, which
increases the interest rate to 15%) (including 10% guaranteed interest), with principal and accrued interest on the Dominion Convertible
Promissory Notes due and payable on February 11, 2021 (the “Dominion Maturity Date”), unless converted under terms and provisions
as set forth within the Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes. The Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes provide Dominion with the right
to convert, at any time, all or any part of the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest into shares of the Company’s
common stock at a conversion price of $5.28 per share. The Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes require the Company to reserve at least
868,056 and 114,584 shares of common stock from its authorized and unissued common stock to provide for all issuances of common stock
under the 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note and 10% Senior Secured Convertible Extension Promissory Note, respectively. However,
the Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes provide that the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued to the Dominion under the
Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes shall not exceed 4.99% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the closing
date unless the Company has obtained stockholder approval of the issuance (the “the Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). Dominion,
upon not less than sixty-one (61) days’ prior notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation;
provided, that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the common stock outstanding
immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes
held by Dominion.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
On the 10th day following
the Company consummating any public or private offering of any securities or other financing or capital-raising transaction of any kind
(each a “Subsequent Offering”) on any date other than the Maturity Date, the Company shall, subject to Dominion’s conversion
rights set forth in such notes, pay to Dominion in cash an amount equal to the Mandatory Prepayment Amount but in no event greater than
fifty percent (50%) of the gross proceeds from the Subsequent Offering.
The Company shall pay a late fee (the “Late
Fees”) on any amount required to be paid under any transaction document and not paid when due, at a rate equal to the lesser of
an additional 10% of such amount or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law which shall be due and owing daily from the date such
amount is due hereunder through the date of actual payment in full of such amount in cash.
Immediately on and after the occurrence of any
event of default, without need for notice or demand all of which are waived, interest on the notes shall accrue and be owed daily at an
increased interest rate equal to the lesser of two percent (2.0%) per month (twenty-four percent (24.0%) per annum) or the maximum rate
permitted under applicable law. In addition, in any event of default, the Company must pay a mandatory default amount equal to one hundred
thirty percent (130%) of the sum of the outstanding principal amount of the Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes at such time and all
accrued interest unpaid at such time (including any minimum interest remaining outstanding on such principal amount as of such time) and
(b) all other amounts, costs, fees (including late fees), expenses, indemnification and liquidated and other damages and other amounts
due to Dominion or any other party in respect of the Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes (as applicable, the “Mandatory Prepayment
Amount”).
The Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes also
contain a provision whereby Dominion is due a minimum interest amount or make whole amount meaning on any date and with respect to any
principal amount owing under the Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes, the difference between (a) 10% of such principal amount, representing
a full year of interest payments thereunder and (b) any payment of interest made prior to such date with respect to such principal amount.
To be free from doubt, the minimum interest amount is only applicable for the initial 12 month period from the Issue Date.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company
recorded interest expense and amortization of debt discount of $77,067 and $134,164, respectively, and accrued interest of $52,254 as
of December 31, 2020 associated with the Dominion Convertible Promissory Notes.
See Convertible Debt Conversions of the Dominion,
Kingsbrook and Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes further on in this note for the details related to the 2020 conversions of the notes.
See Note 18 - Subsequent Events for information related to the conversions of the convertible notes subsequent to December 31, 2020.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Kingsbrook
Convertible Promissory Notes
|
|
Kingsbrook
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
|
Debt Discount
|
|
|
Net
|
|
Balance at 12/31/19
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Assumption of Note
|
|
|
1,796,411
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,796,411
|
|
Debt discount at assumption
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(685,615
|
)
|
|
|
(685,615
|
)
|
Amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
127,227
|
|
|
|
127,227
|
|
Impact of extinguishment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
558,388
|
|
|
|
558,388
|
|
Impact of conversion
|
|
|
(1,695,411
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,695,411
|
)
|
Balance at 12/31/20
|
|
$
|
101,000
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
101,000
|
|
On
June 12, 2020 (the “Kingsbrook Issue Date”), KBL entered into a $1,657,522 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note and $138,889
10% Senior Secured Convertible Extension Promissory Note (together the “Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes”) with Kingsbrook
Opportunities Master Fund LP (“Kingsbrook”), which was issued to Kingsbrook in conjunction with 250,000 shares of common
stock (the “Kingsbrook Commitment Shares”).
The
Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes had a debt discount due to original issue discount, third-party fees directly attributed to the
issuance, a derivative liability, a beneficial conversion feature and warrants. The debt discount assumed at the Business Combination
for this note was $685,615, which is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt. See Note 11 – Derivative Liabilities
for more information on the derivative liabilities related to this note.
The
Company has agreed to pay the principal amount, together with guaranteed interest at the annual rate of 10% (unless the Company defaults,
which increases the interest rate to 15%), with principal and accrued interest on the Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes due and
payable on February 11, 2021 (the “Maturity Date”), unless converted under terms and provisions as set forth within the Kingsbrook
Convertible Promissory Notes. The Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes provide Kingsbrook with the right to convert, at any time,
all or any part of the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion
price of $5.28 per share. The Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes require the Company to reserve at least 1,823,275 and 114,584 shares
of common stock from its authorized and unissued common stock to provide for all issuances of common stock under the 10% Secured Convertible
Promissory Note and 10% Senior Secured Convertible Extension Promissory Note, respectively. However, the Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory
Notes provide that the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued to Kingsbrook under the Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes
shall not exceed 4.99% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the closing date unless the Company has obtained
stockholder approval of the issuance (the “the Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). Kingsbrook, upon not less than sixty-one
(61) days’ prior notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation; provided, that the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect
to the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes held by Kingsbrook.
On
the 10th day following the Company consummating any public or private offering of any securities or other financing or capital-raising
transaction of any kind (each a “Subsequent Offering”) on any date other than the Maturity Date, the Company shall, subject
to Kingsbrook’s conversion rights set forth in the note, pay to Kingsbrook in cash an amount equal to the Mandatory Prepayment
Amount but in no event greater than fifty percent (50%) of the gross proceeds from the Subsequent Offering.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Immediately
on and after the occurrence of any Event of Default, without need for notice or demand all of which are waived, interest on this Note
shall accrue and be owed daily at an increased interest rate equal to the lesser of two percent (2.0%) per month (twenty-four percent
(24.0%) per annum) or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law. In addition, in any Event of Default, the Company must pay a mandatory
default amount equal to one hundred thirty percent (130%) of the sum of the outstanding principal amount of the Kingsbrook Convertible
Notes at such time and all accrued interest unpaid at such time (including any minimum interest amount remaining outstanding on such
principal amount as of such time) and (b) all other amounts, costs, fees (including late fees), expenses, indemnification and liquidated
and other damages and other amounts due to Kingsbrook or any other party in respect of the Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes.
The
Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes also contain a provision whereby Kingsbrook is due a minimum interest amount or make whole amount
meaning on any date and with respect to any principal amount owing under the Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes, the difference
between (a) 10% of such principal amount, representing a full year of interest payments thereunder and (b) any payment of interest made
prior to such date with respect to such principal amount. To be free from doubt, the minimum interest amount is only applicable for the
initial 12 month period from the Issue Date.
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded interest expense and amortization of debt discount of $61,315 and $127,228, respectively,
and accrued interest of $0 as of December 31, 2020 associated with the Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Notes.
See
Convertible Debt Conversions of the Dominion, Kingsbrook and Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes further on in this note for the details
related to the 2020 conversions of the notes. See Note 18 - Subsequent Event for information related to the conversions of the convertible
notes that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2020.
Alpha
Convertible Promissory Note
|
|
Alpha
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
|
Debt Discount
|
|
|
Net
|
|
Balance at 12/31/19
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Assumption of Note
|
|
|
1,111,111
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,111,111
|
|
Debt discount at assumption
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(800,421
|
)
|
|
|
(800,421
|
)
|
Amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
94,786
|
|
|
|
94,786
|
|
Impact of extinguishment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
705,635
|
|
|
|
705,635
|
|
Impact of conversion
|
|
|
(495,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(495,000
|
)
|
Balance at 12/31/20
|
|
$
|
616,111
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
616,111
|
|
On
September 8, 2020 (the “Alpha Issue Date”), KBL entered into a $1,111,111 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Alpha
Convertible Promissory Note”) with Alpha Capital Anstalt (“Alpha”), which was issued to the Holder in conjunction with
100,000 shares of common stock (the “Alpha Capital Anstalt Commitment Shares”).
The
Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes had a debt discount due to original issue discount, third-party fees directly attributed to the issuance,
a derivative liability, a beneficial conversion feature and warrants. The debt discount assumed at the Business Combination for this
note was $800,421, which is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt. See Note 11 – Derivative Liabilities
for more information on the derivative liabilities related to this note.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
Company has promised to pay the principal amount, together with guaranteed interest at the annual rate of 10% (unless the Company defaults,
which increases the interest rate to 15%), with principal and accrued interest on the Alpha Convertible Promissory Note due and payable
on April 7, 2021 (the “Maturity Date”), unless converted under terms and provisions as set forth within the Alpha Capital
Anstalt Convertible Note. The Alpha Convertible Promissory Note provides Alpha with the right to convert, at any time, all or any part
of the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of
$5.28 per share. The Alpha Convertible Promissory Note provides that the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued to Alpha under
the Alpha Convertible Promissory Note shall not exceed 4.99% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the closing
date unless the Company has obtained stockholder approval of the issuance (the “the Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). Alpha,
upon not less than sixty-one (61) days’ prior notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation;
provided, that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the common stock outstanding
immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Alpha Convertible Promissory Note held
by Alpha.
On
the 10th day following the Company consummating any public or private offering of any securities or other financing or capital-raising
transaction of any kind (each a “Subsequent Offering”) on any date other than the Maturity Date, the Company shall, subject
to Alpha’s conversion rights set forth herein, pay to Alpha in cash an amount equal to the Mandatory Prepayment Amount but in no
event greater than fifty percent (50%) of the gross proceeds from the Subsequent Offering.
Immediately
on and after the occurrence of any Event of Default, without need for notice or demand all of which are waived, interest on this
Note shall accrue and be owed daily at an increased interest rate equal to the lesser of two percent (2.0%) per month (twenty-four
percent (24.0%) per annum) or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law. In addition, upon any Event of Default, the holder
can elect to accelerate the amount due, payable in cash or in shares of common stock, at the greater of (i) 130% of the outstanding
principal amount and accrued interest (including 10% minimum interest, discussed below), and other fees, expenses amounts due under
any other transaction document; and (ii) divided by the lowest volume weighted average price of the Company’s Common Stock
during the five trading day period ending on the trading day immediately prior to the dated of determination (subject to a floor of
$2.00), and multiplied by the highest closing price for the Company’s common stock during the period beginning on the first
date that an event of default occurred. A holder has made claims regarding an alleged Event of Default and the Company is in discussions with such note
holder.
The
Alpha Convertible Promissory Note also contains a provision whereby Alpha is due a minimum interest amount or make whole amount meaning
on any date and with respect to any principal amount owing under the Alpha Convertible Promissory Note, the difference between (a) 10%
of such principal amount, representing a full year of interest payments thereunder and (b) any payment of interest made prior to such
date with respect to such principal amount. To be free from doubt, the minimum interest amount is only applicable for the initial 12
month period from the Issue Date.
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded interest expense and amortization of debt discount of $28,962 and $94,787, respectively,
and accrued interest of $47,504 as of December 31, 2020 associated with the Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes.
See
Convertible Debt Conversions of the Dominion, Kingsbrook and Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes further on in this note for the details
related to the 2020 conversions of the notes. See Note 18 - Subsequent Event for information related to the conversions of the convertible
notes that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2020.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Extinguishment
of the Dominion, Kingsbrook and Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes
On
November 25, 2020, the Company entered into an amended agreement with Dominion, and Alpha to amend the secured convertible promissory
notes in the original aggregate principal amount of $4,713,078 (after giving effect to a 10% original issue discount) that the Company
issued pursuant to a purchase agreement (the “Notes”) so that the fixed conversion price of the Notes, during the 90 day
period following November 6, 2020, shall be equal to the lower of: (A) ninety-six percent (96%) of the lowest volume weighted average
price of the common stock of the Company on the NASDAQ Capital Market during the five trading day period ending on the trading day immediately
prior to the applicable conversion date and (B) $5.28; provided, that in no event shall the fixed conversion price be lower than $2.00
(in each case, as appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction
that proportionately decreases or increases the number of shares of common stock prior to such date). No other changes were made to the
Notes as a result of the amendment agreement. The change of the conversion price of the Notes, triggered the most-favored-nation clause
and changed the conversion price of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to be the same price as the Notes.
The
Company determined that while the cash flows of the Secured Convertible Notes did not change upon the amendment (maturity and interest
rate remained the same), the increase of the fair value of the conversion feature exceeded 10% of the carrying value of the Secured Convertible
Notes prior to the amendment, and accordingly, the amendment should be accounted for as an extinguishment. In recording the extinguishment,
the Company compared the reacquisition price of the post-amended Secured Convertible Notes in the aggregate amount of $5,932,778 to the
net carrying value of the derivative liability and pre-amended Secured Convertible Notes in the aggregate amount of $2,880,524. As a
result, the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment in the aggregate amount of $3,052,254.
Convertible
Debt Conversions of the Dominion, Kingsbrook and Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes
The
holders of the Secured Convertible Promissory Notes elected to convert principal and interest into shares of the Company’s common
stock as follows:
|
|
Principal
Balance
Converted
|
|
|
Interest
Converted
|
|
|
Derivative
Liabilities
Converted
|
|
|
Total
Amount
Converted
|
|
|
Common
Shares
Issued
|
|
|
Fair
Value of
Shares
Issued
|
|
|
Loss
on
Extinguishment
of
Convertible
Notes
|
|
Dominion Convertible Promissory Note
|
|
$
|
972,222
|
|
|
$
|
97,222
|
|
|
$
|
201,216
|
|
|
$
|
1,270,660
|
|
|
|
464,287
|
|
|
$
|
1,275,525
|
|
|
$
|
4,865
|
|
Kingsbrook Convertible Promissory Note
|
|
|
1,695,411
|
|
|
|
169,541
|
|
|
|
378,335
|
|
|
$
|
2,243,287
|
|
|
|
816,769
|
|
|
|
2,198,155
|
|
|
|
(45,132
|
)
|
Alpha Capital Convertible Promissory Note
|
|
|
495,000
|
|
|
|
12,528
|
|
|
|
123,485
|
|
|
$
|
631,013
|
|
|
|
238,572
|
|
|
|
691,304
|
|
|
|
60,291
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
3,162,633
|
|
|
$
|
279,291
|
|
|
$
|
703,036
|
|
|
$
|
4,144,960
|
|
|
|
1,519,628
|
|
|
$
|
4,164,985
|
|
|
$
|
20,025
|
|
After
the closing of the Business Combination, from November 27, 2020 to December 31, 2020, the holders of the Company’s convertible
promissory notes were converted an aggregate of $3,441,924, which includes accrued interest of $279,291, which is owed under such convertible
notes into an aggregate of 1,519,628 shares of our common stock, pursuant to the terms of such notes, as amended, at conversion prices
of between $2.00 and $2.31 per share.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Default
of Certain Convertible Promissory Notes
On December 31, 2020, the
Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC which disclosed, among other things, that the condensed consolidated financial
statements of the Company, which were prepared based on the information and representations received from the former KBL management,
for the interim period ended September 30, 2020, should no longer be relied upon due to errors in the condensed consolidated financial
statements and should be restated. As a result, the Company recognized a derivative liability related to an arguable default of the Secured
Convertible Notes, which was valued using a Monte Carlo Simulation.
Senior
Notes
On
July 25, 2019, the Company issued Senior Secured Notes (the “Senior Notes”) totaling $1,200,000 of which an aggregate of
$175,000 was issued to the former Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company. The Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of
15% per annum and matured on November 15, 2019. Any accrued and unpaid interest portion is capitalized to principal on a monthly basis.
Pursuant to the terms of the Senior Notes, the maturity date may be extended an additional 30 days at the option of the Company if the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s review of the documents filed in connection with the Business Combination has taken more than
30 days. In the event of an event of default: a) the Company is required to notify the holders of these notes (the “Holders”)
within one business day of any such occurrence; b) the interest rate increases to 18% per annum; and c) the Holder may require the Company
to redeem any or all of the outstanding principal and interest together with a 25% premium.
The
Senior Notes rank senior to all outstanding and future indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries and are secured by: a) the Company’s
equity interests in its subsidiaries; b) guarantees issued by those subsidiaries; and c) assets of those subsidiaries.
The
Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, and any outstanding late charges, automatically convert into common shares immediately
prior to the occurrence of the Business Combination at the conversion price of $4.23 per share. If the Company issues any shares of its
common stock or securities that are effectively common stock equivalents prior to the Business Combination at a price of less than $4.23
per share, then the conversion price per share will be adjusted so that the Holders receive the same conversion price. The above represents
a contingent beneficial conversion feature that will be accounted for when the contingency is resolved. As of December 31, 2019, the
contingently adjustable, non-bifurcated beneficial conversion features associated with the Senior Notes were not resolved. See below
for details regarding the amendment of the Senior Notes and the conversion terms.
On
January 13, 2020, the Company and holders of a series of Senior Secured Notes (the “Senior Notes”) agreed to exchange the
Senior Notes for new Senior Secured Notes (the “Amended Senior Notes”) with amended terms (the “Senior Note Amendments”).
Pursuant to the Amended Senior Notes, the note holders waived all events of default associated with the Senior Notes and the aggregate
principal amount and accrued interest of $1,282,205 and $6,411, respectively, was converted to principal in the aggregate amount of $1,846,052
(consisting of $1,282,205 of the outstanding principal of the Senior Notes, $6,411 of accrued interest reclassified to principal, $200,000
of restructuring fees and $357,436 of redemption premiums), of which $186,988 and $935, of aggregate principal and accrued interest,
respectively, owed to the former Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company, was converted to principal in the aggregate amount
of $239,320 (consisting of $186,988 of the outstanding principal of the Senior Notes, $935 of accrued interest reclassified to principal
and $51,397 of redemption premiums). See above in Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable for a table displaying the impact of the
increase in the principal under the column titled Amendment to Senior Note and Bridge Notes.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
Company accounted for the amendment to the Senior Notes as note extinguishments, since the present value of future cash flows under the
Amended Senior Notes was substantially different than the future cash flows under the Senior Notes. Accordingly, the Company recognized
a loss on extinguishment of $886,736, consisting of the issuance of the Amended Senior Note in the aggregate principal amount of $1,846,052,
partially offset by the derecognition of the aggregate carrying amount of the extinguished Senior Notes of $1,288,616, plus the immediately
recognized beneficial conversion feature of $329,300 arising from the modified conversion terms of the Amended Senior Notes.
The
Amended Senior Notes rank senior to all outstanding and future indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries and are secured by: a)
the Company’s equity interests in its subsidiaries; b) guarantees issued by those subsidiaries; and c) assets of those subsidiaries.
The
Amended Senior Notes were convertible into common stock of the Company at any time following issuance until maturity and automatically
convert into common stock of the Company immediately prior to the occurrence of the Business Combination, in either event, at a conversion
price of $4.23 per share. If the Company issues any shares of its common stock, or securities that are effectively common stock equivalents,
prior to the Business Combination at a price of less than $4.23 per share, then the conversion price per share would be adjusted to the
price at which those common shares (or equivalents) were issued.
The
Amended Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 15% per annum and matured in February 2020. On June 12, 2020, the Company entered into
an additional amendment with each noteholder to extend the maturity dates from February 2020 to August 2021. Unpaid interest is reclassified
to the principal on a monthly basis.
In
the event of default: a) the Company is required to notify the holders of these notes within one business day of any such occurrence;
b) the interest rate increases to 18% per annum; and c) the holder may require the Company to redeem any or all of the outstanding principal
and interest together with a 25% premium.
Additional
Amendment to an Amended Senior Note
On
June 12, 2020, the Company, KBL, and the holder of an Amended Senior Note in the aggregate principal amount of $1,661,136 agreed that
(i) such Amended Senior Note will automatically convert into 404,265 shares of the Company’s common stock upon the Business
Combination, and (ii) the holder of such Amended Senior Note and its affiliates shall not sell or dispose more than 5% of the daily
trading volume of such shares of common stock as reported by Bloomberg, LP.
Extinguishment
of Senior Note and Issuance of New Note
On
June 12, 2020, the Company, KBL, certain investors (the “Purchasers”) and the holder (the “Initial Purchaser”)
of an Amended Senior Note in the aggregate principal and interest amount of $1,528,360 (consisting of principal of $1,510,113 and accrued
interest payable of $18,247) entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement pursuant to which (i) the Amended Senior Note was extinguished,
and (ii) KBL sold to the Purchasers a secured promissory note which is secured by the intellectual property of the Company. Such transaction
closed on June 29, 2020. See above in Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable for a table displaying the impact of extinguishing the
aforementioned $1,510,113 of principal under the column titled Amendment to Senior Note and Bridge Notes. Concurrent with the transaction,
on June 12, 2020, the Company, KBL, the Purchasers and Kingsbrook entered into a guaranty agreement pursuant to which the Company is
a guarantor to the notes issued by KBL to the Purchasers and Kingsbrook. As of September 30, 2020, the Company determined that contingent
payments under the guaranty agreement were not probable.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Additionally,
in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued the Initial Purchaser a non-convertible loan payable in the
principal amount of $150,000 which bears interest at a rate of 15% per annum, payable at maturity. The note matures on August 31, 2021
(see Note 12 Loans Payable).
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2020, in connection with the Amended Senior Note extinguishment and loan payable issuance above,
the Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of convertible notes payable in the amount of $1,378,360.
Conversion
of Senior Notes at Close of Business Combination
On
November 6, 2020, upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company issued 482,894 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001,
to the holders of the Senior Notes, as a result of the automatic conversion of promissory notes in the principal amount of about $2,039,539
and accrued interest of $77,779, or an aggregate of $2,117,318, as per the closing of the Merger pursuant to the Business Combination
Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2019, by and among the Company, KBL Merger Sub, Inc., 180 Life Corp., Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp.,
CannBioRex Pharmaceuticals Corp., 180 Therapeutics L.P. and Lawrence Pemble in his capacity as stockholder representative.
Bridge
Notes
On
January 3, 2020 and December 27, 2019, the Company issued convertible bridge notes in the aggregate amount of $82,500 and $250,000 under
the same terms. The total outstanding principal amount of convertible bridge notes of $332,500 (the “Bridge Notes”) and the
respective accrued interest will automatically convert into a portion of the 17.5 million shares of KBL common stock to be received upon
the consummation of the Business Combination Agreement at a conversion price equal to the lesser of $6.00 per KBL share or 60% of the
implied valuation at such time, as defined. The Bridge Notes accrue interest at 15% per annum. The contingently adjustable, non-bifurcated
beneficial conversion feature associated with the convertible note will be accounted for at the time the contingency is resolved. The
Bridge Notes matured on June 30, 2020. The Company may elect to prepay the Bridge Notes at any time without penalty, however, the holder
may elect to receive shares of common stock of the Company in lieu of prepayment at the holder’s discretion. The Company analyzed
the embedded conversion option of the convertible note at issuance and determined the embedded conversion option contains a contingent
beneficial conversion feature that will be accounted for when the contingency is resolved. As of December 31, 2019, the contingently
adjustable, non-bifurcated beneficial conversion feature associated with the convertible note was not resolved. See below for further
details regarding the amendment of the Bridge Notes and the conversion terms.
Amended
Bridge Notes
On
July 7, 2020, effective June 29, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment agreement with each Bridge Noteholder (the “Amended
Bridge Notes”). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Bridge Notes, the principal under each Amended Bridge Note is increased by
10% and the Amended Bridge Notes mature upon the earlier of (i) the date that the Registration Statement, which refers to the Form S-4
Registration Statement filed with the Commission by KBL, relating to the Business Combination, including the exchange of shares of common
stock of the Company for shares of common stock of KBL, which is declared effective by the SEC; (ii) such date in which all amounts due
and owing under the Amended Bridge Notes become due and payable pursuant to the terms of the agreement; and (iii) August 28, 2021 (“Maturity
Date”). See above in Note 13 – Convertible Notes Payable for a table displaying the impact of the increase in the 10% of
principal under the column titled Amendment to Senior Note and Bridge Notes. The Amended Bridge Notes can be converted at the following
options:
|
●
|
at
any time prior to the Maturity Date, at the option of the holder, the remaining outstanding
principal amount of the Amended Bridge Notes, and any accrued but unpaid interest, may be
converted into shares of common stock; or
|
|
●
|
automatically
at the Maturity Date, the remaining outstanding principal amounts of these Amended Bridge
Notes and any accrued but unpaid interest, will automatically convert (“Automatic Conversion”).
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Depending
on the timing of the conversion, the holder will receive either:
|
●
|
shares
of common stock of the Company, if the Business Combination has not occurred prior to such
Maturity Date; or
|
|
●
|
shares
of KBL if the Business Combination has occurred prior to such Maturity Date.
|
In
either case above, the number of conversion shares equal to (A) the outstanding principal amount plus interest being converted, divided
by (B) the lesser of (i) $4.23 per share or (ii) the per share price equal to 0.60 multiplied by the per share price of one share of
common stock sold by the Company as part of a PIPE transaction (or the deemed value of one share of common stock as reasonably determined
by the board of directors of the Company sold in the PIPE transaction if the securities sold in the PIPE transaction include units or
other securities convertible into shares of common stock), subject to equitable adjustment for any stock splits, combinations or similar
events affecting the Company. As per the agreement, a PIPE transaction is defined as a private placement or public offering of shares
of common stock of KBL for purposes of raising additional capital to fund the Business Combination or other matters. The Company determined
that the embedded features of the Amended Bridge Notes were (i) a fixed price conversion option which represented a beneficial conversion
feature of de minimis value and (ii) a redemption feature with de minimis value. See Note 18 – Subsequent Events for details regarding
the conversion of the Bridge Notes.
Second
Amendment to the Bridge Notes
On
October 7, 2020, the Company entered into an additional amendment with each Amended Bridge Noteholder pursuant to which the Amended Bridge
Notes will no longer mature upon the date that the Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC. Since the change in cash
flows was not more than 10%, this amendment was deemed to be a modification.
180
LP Convertible Notes
In
connection with the Reorganization, the Company assumed $270,000 of debt related to convertible notes payable (the “Notes”),
of which $10,000 is owed to the former Chief Executive Officer of 180 LP and $260,000 is owed to a founder and director of the Company.
Principal
of $160,000 due under the Notes accrues interest at a rate of 5.0% per annum and principal of $110,000, accrues interest at 2.5% per
annum. Interest is compounded annually. Effective upon the closing of the first issuance of convertible preferred units (or units with
similar rights) with proceeds of at least $1,000,000 (the “Qualified Financing”), all of the outstanding principal and interest
under these Notes will automatically be converted into other equity interests of the Company of the same class issued to other investors
in the Qualified Financing, at a conversion price equal to 80% of the price per unit of the Qualified Financing securities paid by the
other investors. The Notes contain contingent beneficial conversion features, which will be accounted for at the time the conversion
price is known, and the contingency is resolved.
Interest
on Convertible Notes
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded
interest expense of $915,371 and $123,112, respectively, related to convertible notes payable, and recorded interest expense - related
parties of $32,452 and $17,827, respectively, related to convertible notes payable - related parties. During the year ended December 31,
2020, the Company capitalized an aggregate of $228,099 of accrued interest and $34,760 of accrued interest – related parties, respectively,
to note principal.
As
of December 31, 2020 and 2019, accrued interest expense related to convertible notes payable was $182,181 and $13,515, respectively,
and accrued interest expense - related parties related to convertible notes payable - related parties was $124,833 and $75,524, respectively,
which is included in accrued expenses and accrued expenses - related parties, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
NOTE
14 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
and Other Loss Contingencies
The
Company records liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources when
it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has no liabilities
recorded for loss contingencies as of December 31, 2020 or 2019.
Potential
Legal Matters
The
Company may initiate legal action against former executives of KBL for non-disclosure in the KBL original June 30, 2020 and September
30, 2020 Form 10-Qs of the matters disclosed in Note 14 (as restated) of the September 30, 2020 financial statements in the amended Form
10-Q filed on February 5, 2021. If such legal action is initiated, the Company would seek damages to cover, at a minimum, the unrecorded
and contingent liability obligations and legal fees. There can be no assurance that, if such legal action is initiated, the Company will
be successful in its legal actions.
The
Company has initiated legal action against Tyche Capital LLC (“Tyche”) for breaching its obligations under a term sheet entered
into between KBL, KBL IV Sponsor, LLC, 180 and Tyche on April 10, 2019 and for breaching its obligations under the Guarantee and Commitment
Agreement entered into between KBL and Tyche on July 25, 2019. The Company is seeking damages to bring the net tangible asset balance
of KBL as of November 6, 2020, the closing date of the Business Combination, to $5,000,001. There can be no assurance that the Company
will be successful in its legal actions. See also “Tyche Guarantee and Commitment Agreement” below.
In April 2021, Cantor Fitzgerald
& Co. (“Cantor”) filed a complaint against the Company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York
(Index No. 652709/2021), alleging causes of action against the Company relating to the claimed breach of a fee agreement between the
parties from February 2018, requiring the Company to pay Cantor a transaction fee in cash in the event the Company completed a business
transaction and the alleged breach of a settlement agreement subsequently entered into with Cantor on or around November 6, 2020. The
complaint seeks $1,500,000 in damages, pre-and-post judgment interest and attorneys’ fees. The Company believes it has meritorious
defenses to the allegations, and the Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against the litigation. The Company believes that
it has counterclaims against Cantor and plans to plead such counterclaims in defense of claims raised. The outcome of the matter is currently
unknown. See also “Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. Breach of Contract”, below. The Company is in discussions with Cantor regarding
the registration of the 150,000 shares that have been issued to Cantor and hopes to resolve this dispute by registering the shares that
have been issued to Cantor, of which there is no assurance.
Notice
of Acceleration
On December 29, 2020, the
Company received notice from Marlene Krauss, M.D., the former Chief Executive Officer and director of KBL, alleging the occurrence of
an event of default of the terms of a certain promissory note dated March 15, 2019 in the amount of $371,178 evidencing amounts owed
by the Company to KBL IV Sponsor LLC (which Dr. Krauss serves as sole managing member of), for failure to repay such note within five
days of the release of funds from escrow in connection with the Purchase Agreement. Dr. Krauss has declared the entire amount of the
note to be immediately due and payable. The note, pursuant to its terms, accrues damages of $2,000 per day until paid in full (subject
to a maximum amount of damages equal to the principal amount of the note). Due to the matters described in Potential Legal Matters in
Note 14 to these financial statements, there are disputes regarding any amounts that may be due to Dr. Krauss under the note.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Registration
Rights
The
holders of the founder shares (“Founder Shares”) and private units (“Private Units”) and warrants that may be
issued upon conversion of working capital loans (“Working Capital Loans’), which were issued to the sponsors of KBL in connection
with the Business Combination, (and any shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Units and
warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans) are entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration
rights agreement signed on the effective date of the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”). The holders of
these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company register such securities. In
addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent
to the consummation of a Business Combination. However, the registration rights agreement provides that the Company will not permit any
registration statement filed under the Securities Act to become effective until termination of the applicable Lock-Up Period, which is
one year after the Closing Date of the Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing
of any such registration statements. The Company satisfied the foregoing registration rights through the filing of a Registration Statement
on Form S-1 with the SEC on October 19, 2020, which registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on November 2, 2020 (No.
333-249539), provided that the Company subsequently determined that such Form S-1 Registration Statement could not be relied upon because
of the requirement to restate the Company’s financial statements for the periods ended June 30 and September 30, 2020.
Cantor
Fitzgerald & Co. Breach of Contract
On
February 27, 2018, KBL entered into a service contract with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“CF&CO”) whereby CF&CO would
receive a transaction fee in cash arising out of any contemplated business combination by the Company. On July 25, 2019, KBL entered
into the Business Combination Agreement whereby CF&CO became entitled to a transaction fee of $1,500,000 (the “Transaction
Fee”). On November 6, 2020, the Company and CF&CO entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”)
whereby CF&CO agreed to release the Company from the obligation to pay the Transaction Fee in cash and to instead accept 150,000
fully paid shares of the Company’s common stock, but only if the Company would take all necessary action to permit the sale of
the Shares by filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) a shelf registration statement within 30 days
following the closing of the merger. On November 6, 2020, the Company closed the merger and in breach of the Settlement Agreement, did
not file a registration statement with the SEC within 30 days of the November 6, 2020 closing, due to the need to restate the previously
filed KBL financial statements (See Potential Legal Matters in this Note 14). As a result, CF&CO claims that the Transaction Fee
of $1,500,000 owed under the Fee Agreement is due in cash and has been payable by the Company to CF&CO since December 6, 2020. See
Note 18 – Subsequent Events for details regarding current litigation pursued in connection with the Transaction Fee.
Tyche
Guarantee and Commitment Agreement
On
April 10, 2019, 180, KBL, KBL IV Sponsor, LLC (“Sponsor”), and Tyche Capital LLC (“Tyche”) entered into a non-binding
term sheet (the “Term Sheet”) for a potential business combination transaction (the “Transaction”). Pursuant
to the Term Sheet, Sponsor agreed to deposit 1,906,250 shares of common stock initially acquired by Sponsor prior to the consummation
of the Company’s initial public offering into a separate segregated escrow account (the “Escrow Account”). The Term
Sheet also included certain binding provisions where (i) Tyche agreed to participate in a PIPE transaction to ensure that KBL had at
least $5,000,001 in net tangible assets at the closing of the Transaction, and (ii) in the event of a breach of the obligations of Tyche,
the shares deposited to the Escrow Account would be released to the Sponsor. Further, on July 25, 2019, KBL and Tyche entered into a
Guarantee and Commitment Agreement, where Tyche provided an absolute guarantee to ensure KBL had at least $5,000,001 in net tangible
assets by purchasing shares from KBL. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies for potential matters as the Company initiated
legal action against Tyche for this obligation.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
EarlyBird-Capital Finder’s
Fee
On October 17, 2018, KBL entered into an agreement
with EarlyBird-Capital, Inc. (“EarlyBird”), whereby EarlyBird would introduce potential targets to the Company on a non-exclusive
basis for the purpose of consummating a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, or other similar business combination. Upon
the closing of a transaction, the Company will pay EarlyBird a finder’s fee, payable in cash, of 1% of the value of the transaction,
minus any liabilities at closing in excess of $5,000,000. See Note 18 – Subsequent Events for more information on the EarlyBird
finder’s fee.
Yissum
Research and License Agreement
On
May 13, 2018, CBR Pharma entered into a worldwide research and license agreement with Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Ltd. (“Yissum Agreement”) allowing CBR Pharma to utilize certain patent (the “Licensed Patents”).
The Licensed Patents shall expire, if not earlier terminated pursuant to the provisions of the Yissum Agreement, on a country-by-country,
product-by-product basis, upon the later of: (i) the date of expiration in such country of the last to expire Licensed Patent included
in the Licensed Technology; (ii) the date of expiration of any exclusivity on the product granted by a regulatory or government body
in such country; or (iii) the end of a period of twenty (20) years from the date of the First Commercial Sale in such country. Should
the periods referred to in items (i) or (ii) above expire in a particular country prior to the period referred to in item (iii), above,
the license in that country or those countries shall be deemed a license to the Know-How during such post-expiration period.
Royalties
will be payable to Yissum if sales of any products which use, exploit or incorporate technology covered by the Licensed Patents (“Net
Sales”) are US $500,000,000 or greater, calculated at 3% for the first annual $500,000,000 of Net Sales and at 5% of Net Sales
thereafter.
Pursuant
to the Yissum Agreement, if Yissum achieves the following milestones, CBR Pharma will be obligated to make the following payments:
|
i)
|
$75,000
for successful point of care in animals;
|
|
ii)
|
$75,000
for submission of the first investigational new drug testing;
|
|
iii)
|
$100,000
for commencement of one phase I/II trial;
|
|
iv)
|
$150,000
for commencement of one phase III trial;
|
|
v)
|
$100,000
for each product market authorization/clearance (maximum of $500,000); and
|
|
vi)
|
$250,000
for every $250,000,000 in accumulated sales of the product until $1,000,000,000 in sales
is achieved.
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
In
the event of an exit event (“Event”), which may be defined as either, a transaction or series of transactions under which
the receipt of any consideration, monetary or otherwise by the Company or its shareholders is received in consideration for the sale
of shares of the Company or shareholders, or an initial public offering (“IPO”) of the Company, but for greater certainty
excludes a reorganization of the Company where the ultimate equity holders of the reorganized entity remain substantially the same as
that of the Company, the Company will issue 5% of the issued and outstanding shares, on a fully diluted basis, to Yissum prior to the
closing of an Event. These shares will be subject to: (a) as to half of such shares, a lock-up period ending 12 months from the Event
date and as to the other half of such shares, a lock-up period ending 24 months from the Event date, and (b) in any event, any resale
restrictions (including lock-ups and hold periods). See Note 15 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) for more information
on the shares issued to Yissum as part of the business combination.
CBR
Pharma is also party to consulting agreements with Yissum, whereby Yissum has agreed to provide two of its employees as consultants to
the Company for $100,000 per annum per person for a term of three years, commencing May 13, 2018.
On
January 1, 2020, CBR Pharma entered into a first amendment to the Yissum Agreement (“First Amendment”) with Yissum, allowing
CBR Pharma to sponsor additional research performed by two Yissum professors. Pursuant to the terms of the First Amendment, the Company
will pay Yissum $200,000 per year plus 35% additional for University overhead for the additional research performed by each professor
over an 18-month period, starting May 1, 2019. As of December 31, 2020 the Company owes an outstanding balance of $418,098 in connection
with the Yissum Agreement (as amended), of which $48,908 is reflected within accounts payable and $370,000 is included in accrued expenses
on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized research and development
expenses of $442,453 related to this agreement.
During
the year ended December 30, 2019, actual research and development expenses and accrued expenses relating to the Yissum Agreement were
$19,350 and $121,894, respectively. Because CBR Pharma is an accounting acquiree in the Reorganization, the contract expense included
in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is only for the post-Reorganization period. See Note
15- Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) for more information related to common stock.
Additional
Yissum Agreement
On
November 11, 2019 (the “Effective Date”), CBR Pharma entered into a new worldwide research and license agreement with Yissum
(the “Additional Yissum Agreement”), allowing CBR Pharma to obtain a license and perform the research, development and commercialization
of the licensed patents (the “Licensed Patents”) in the research of cannabinoid salts relating to arthritis and pain management.
Within 60 days after the end of the first anniversary of the Effective Date, Yissum will present the Company with a detailed written
report summarizing the results of their research.
The
Licensed Patents shall expire, if not earlier terminated pursuant to the provisions of the Additional Yissum Agreement, on a country-by-country,
product-by-product basis, upon the later of: (i) the date of expiration in such country of the last to expire Licensed Patent included
in the Licensed Technology; (ii) the date of expiration of any exclusivity on the product granted by a regulatory or government body
in such country; or (iii) the end of a period of twenty (20) years from the date of the first commercial sale in such country. Should
the periods referred to in items (i) or (ii) above expire in a particular country prior to the period referred to in item (iii), above,
the license in that country or those countries shall be deemed a license to the know-how during such post-expiration period.
Pursuant
to the terms of the Additional Yissum Agreement, CBR Pharma paid Yissum a non-refundable license fee of $70,000 and will pay an aggregate
of $398,250 of research, development and consulting fees over the term of the Additional Yissum Agreement, as well as an annual license
maintenance fee of $25,000, beginning on the first anniversary of the Effective Date.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
Company shall pay Yissum the following amounts in connection with the achievement of the following milestones:
|
●
|
Submission
of the first Investigational New Drug application: $75,000
|
|
●
|
Dosing
of first patient in phase II trial: $100,000
|
|
●
|
Dosing
of first patient in phase Ill trial: $150,000
|
|
●
|
Upon
first market authorization/clearance: $150,000
|
|
●
|
Upon
second market authorization/clearance: $75,000
|
|
●
|
For
every $250,000,000.00 US in accumulated Net Sales of the Product until $1,000,000,000.00
US in sales: $250,000
|
Upon
the commercialization of the license, the Company shall pay Yissum a royalty equal to 3% of the first aggregate $500,000,000 of annual
net sales and 5% thereafter. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $91,748 and $298,686 of accounts payable and accrued expenses,
respectively, relating to the Additional Yissum Agreement. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded the
purchase of the patents of $72,995 and $71,525, respectively, as an intangible asset to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the
remaining lives of the patents and $477,411 and $0, respectively, of research and development expenses.
Evotec
Agreement
On
June 7, 2018, Katexco entered into an agreement (the “Drug Discovery Services Agreement”) with Evotec International GmbH
(“Evotec”), whereby the Company and Evotec have agreed to negotiate research programs to be conducted by Evotec for the Company.
Pursuant to the Drug Discovery Services Agreement, Evotec has agreed to conduct specified research services (the “Project”).
The Project is scheduled to be conducted over a 24-month period, over which the Company will fund a minimum of $4,937,500 and a maximum
of $5,350,250, based on quarterly invoices. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed $31,979 and $1,401,165,
respectively, of research and development expenses in connection with the Drug Discovery Services agreement, and recorded interest expense
of $31,979 and $36,899, respectively, on unpaid balances owed related to the Drug Discovery Services Agreement, which is included in
accounts payable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, unpaid balances owed related to the
Drug Discovery Services Agreement amounted to $1,342,299 and $1,301,187, respectively.
Stanford
License Agreement
On
May 8, 2018, Katexco entered into a six-month option agreement (the “Stanford Option”) with Stanford University (“Stanford”)
under which Stanford granted the Company a six-month option to acquire an exclusive license for patents (the “Licensed Patents”)
which are related to biological substances used to treat auto-immune diseases. In consideration for the Stanford Option, the Company
paid Stanford $10,000 (the “Option Payment”), which was creditable against the first anniversary license maintenance fee
payment.
On
July 25, 2018, Katexco exercised their six-month option and entered into an exclusive license agreement with equity (the “Stanford
License Agreement”) with Stanford. Pursuant to the Stanford License Agreement, beginning upon the first anniversary of the effective
date, and each anniversary thereafter, the Company will pay Stanford, in advance, a yearly license maintenance fee of $20,000, on each
of the first and second anniversaries and $40,000 on each subsequent anniversary, which will be expensed on a straight-line basis annually.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Furthermore,
the Company will be obligated to make the following milestone payments:
|
(i)
|
$100,000
upon initiation of Phase II trial,
|
|
(ii)
|
$500,000
upon the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of a product (the “Licensed
Product”) resulting from the Licensed Patents; and
|
|
(iii)
|
$250,000
upon each new Licensed Product thereafter.
|
The
Stanford License Agreement is cancellable by the Company with 30 days’ notice. Royalties, calculated at 2.5% of 95% of net product
sales, will be payable to Stanford. Also, the Company will reimburse Stanford for patent expenses as per the agreement. The Company paid
Stanford $20,000 for the annual license maintenance fee that was recorded to prepaid expenses and is being expensed on a straight-line
basis over 12 months, which had a balance of $6,978 as of December 31, 2020. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company
recorded patent and license fees of $32,979 and $32,443, respectively, related to the Stanford License Agreement, which is included in
general and administrative expenses on the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Pursuant
to the Stanford License Agreement, there are other considerations disclosed in the agreement, such as a purchase right of up to 10% participation
in a private offering of the Company’s equity securities, and if there is a change of control in the Company, the Company will
pay a change of control fee of $200,000 to Stanford. The Business Combination does not qualify for change of control because 180 is the
accounting acquirer and the majority of the shareholder base and officers of 180 is the same and will carry on.
Oxford
University Agreements
On
August 15, 2018, CBR Pharma entered into an agreement (the “Oxford University Agreement”) for a research project with the
University of Oxford (“Oxford”), which expires on December 31, 2019, or any later date agreed upon by the parties in writing.
The Oxford University Agreement provides that Oxford will undertake a research project (the “Project”) based around the clinical
development of cannabinoid-based and non-cannabinoid-based drugs that are known to exhibit both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory
properties. The aim of the Project is to develop and characterize chemical compounds that are synthesized at Yissum in order to create
treatments for rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions, and to eventually obtain regulatory approval in order
to initiate early-phase clinical trials in patients.
The
Company has agreed to pay to Oxford the following, which is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the 12-month term of the Oxford
Agreement:
|
(i)
|
£166,800
on signing of the agreement, (USD $214,210 paid on August 22, 2018)
|
|
(ii)
|
£166,800
six months after commencement of the Project, (USD $214,804 paid on January 29, 2019)
|
|
(iii)
|
£166,800
nine months after commencement of the Project and (USD $217,877 paid on May 5, 2019)
|
|
(iv)
|
£55,600
twelve months after commencement of the Project. (USD $73,737 accrued at December 31, 2019)
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
On
May 30, 2019 (“Effective Date”), CBR Pharma entered into an amended research agreement with Oxford to amend the expiration
date of the research project to December 31, 2019 or until any later date agreed by the parties in writing, or until this Oxford University
Agreement is terminated in accordance with its provisions. On November 27, 2019, the Company entered into an amended agreement with Oxford
to further extend the term of the research project to March 31, 2020 or any later date agreed upon by the parties in writing.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company
did not record any research and development expenses related to this agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded
research and development expenses of $57,498. Because CBR Pharma is an accounting acquiree in the Reorganization, the contract expense
included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is only for the post-Reorganization period.
On March 22, 2019, 180 LP entered into a one-year
research agreement (the “Research Agreement”) with Oxford pursuant to which 180 LP agreed to pay Oxford approximately $900,000
to perform certain research and to obtain the exclusive option to negotiate a license to commercially exploit any arising intellectual
property as a result of Oxford’s research. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized research and development
expenses of $186,391. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized research and development expenses of $396,950 related
to the Research Agreement. Because 180 LP is an accounting acquiree in the Reorganization, the contract expense included in the accompanying
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is only for the post-Reorganization period.
On September 18, 2020, CBR Pharma entered into
a 3 year research and development agreement (the “3 Year Oxford Agreement”) with Oxford to research and investigate the mechanisms
underlying fibrosis in exchange for aggregate consideration of $1,085,738 (£795,468), of which $109,192 (£80,000) is to be
paid 30 days after the project start date and the remaining amount is to be paid in four equal installments of $244,136 (£178,867)
on the six month anniversary and each of the annual anniversaries of the project start date. The agreement can be terminated by either
party upon written notice or if the Company remains in default on any payments due under this agreement for more than 30 days. During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $113,433 (£88,385) of research and development expenses in connection with
the 3 Year Oxford Agreement.
On September 21, 2020, CBR Pharma entered into
a 2 year research and development agreement (the “2 Year Oxford Agreement”) with Oxford University for the clinical development
of cannabinoid drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in exchange for aggregate consideration of $625,124 (£458,000),
of which $138,917 (£101,778) is to be paid 30 days after the project start date and the remaining amount is to be paid every 6 months
after the project start date in 4 installments, whereby $138,917 (£101,778) is to be paid in the first 3 installments and $69,456
(£50,888) is to be paid as the final installment. The agreement can be terminated by either party upon written notice or if the
Company remains in default on any payments due under this agreement for more than 30 days. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the
Company recognized $78,374 (£61,067) of research and development expenses in connection with the 2 Year Oxford Agreement, which
is reflected within accrued expenses on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owed Oxford
an aggregate of $704,960, including $693,515 of accounts payable and $11,445 of accrued expense. As of December 31, 2019, the Company
owed Oxford an aggregate of $472,021, including $398,284 of accounts payable and $73,737 of accrued expense.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Kennedy
License Agreement
On
September 27, 2019, 180 LP entered into a license agreement (the “Kennedy License Agreement”) with the Kennedy Trust for
Rheumatology Research (“Kennedy”) exclusively in the U.S., Japan, United Kingdom and countries of the EU, for certain licensed
patents (the “Kennedy Licensed Patents”), including the right to grant sublicenses, and the right to research, develop, sell
or manufacture any pharmaceutical product (i) whose research, development, manufacture, use, importation or sale would infringe the Kennedy
Licensed Patents absent the license granted under the Kennedy License Agreement or (ii) containing an antibody that is a fragment of
or derived from an antibody whose research, development, manufacture, use, importation or sale would infringe the Kennedy Licensed Patents
absent the license granted under the Kennedy License Agreement, for all human uses, including the diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment
of diseases and conditions.
As
consideration for the grant of the Kennedy Licensed Patents, 180 LP paid Kennedy an upfront fee of GBP £60,000, (USD $74,000) on
November 22, 2019, which was recognized as an intangible asset for the purchase of the licensed patents and is being amortized over the
remaining life of the patents. 180 LP will also pay Kennedy royalties equal to (i) 1% of the net sales for the first annual GBP £1
million (USD $1,283,400) of net sales, and (ii) 2% of the net sales after the net sales are at or in excess of GBP £1 million,
as well as 25% of all sublicense revenue, provided that the amount of such percentage of sublicense revenue based on amounts which constitute
royalties shall not be less than 1% on the first cumulative GBP £1 million of net sales of the products sold by such sublicenses
or their affiliates, and 2% on that portion of the cumulative net sales of the products sold by such sublicenses or their affiliates
in excess of GBP £1 million.
The
term of the royalties paid by the Company to Kennedy will expire on the later of (i) the last valid claim of a patent included in the
Kennedy Licensed Patents which covers or claims the exploitation of a product in the applicable country; (ii) the expiration of regulatory
exclusivity for the product in the country; or (iii) 10 years from the first commercial sale of the product in the country. The Kennedy
License Agreement may be terminated without cause by providing a 90-day notice.
Petcanna
Sub-License Agreement
On
August 20, 2018, CBR Pharma entered into a sub-license agreement (the “Sub-License Agreement”) with its wholly owned subsidiary,
Petcanna Pharma Corp. (“Petcanna”), of which the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer is a director. Petcanna is
a private company with the same principals as the Company.
Pursuant
to the terms of the Sub-license Agreement, the Company has granted a sub-license on the Licensed Patents to pursue development and commercialization
for the treatment of any and all veterinary conditions. In consideration, Petcanna will (a) issue 9,000,000 common shares of its share
capital (the “Petcanna Shares”) 30 days after the effective date; and (b) pay royalties of 1% of net sales. The Company will
be issued 85% and Yissum will be issued 15% of the 9,000,000 common shares of the Petcanna subsidiary. The Petcanna shares are deemed
to be founders shares with no value. The Petcanna shares have not been issued as of December 31, 2020, due to administrative delays.
360
Life Sciences Corp. Agreement - Related Party (Acquisition of ReFormation Pharmaceuticals Corp.)
On
July 1, 2020, the Company entered into an amended agreement with ReFormation Pharmaceuticals, Corp. (“ReFormation”) and 360
Life Sciences Corp. (“360”), whereby 360 has entered into an agreement to acquire 100% ownership of ReFormation, on or before
July 31, 2020 (“Closing Date”). The Company shares officers and directors with each of ReFormation and 360. Upon the Closing
Date, 360 will make tranche payments in tranches to 180 LP in the aggregate amount of $300,000. The parties agree that the obligations
will be paid by 360 to 180 LP by payments of $100,000 for every $1,000,000 raised through the financing activities of 360, up to a total
of $300,000, however, not less than 10% of all net financing proceeds received by 360 shall be put towards the obligation to the Company
until paid in full. This transaction closed on July 31, 2020.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
On
February 26, 2019, 180 LP entered into a one-year agreement (the “Pharmaceutical Agreement”) with ReFormation, a related
party that shares directors and officers of 180 LP, pursuant to which the ReFormation agreed to pay 180 LP $1.2 million for rights of
first negotiation to provide for an acquisition of any arising intellectual property or an exclusive licensing, partnering, or collaboration
transaction to use any arising intellectual property with respect to a contemplated research agreement between the Company and Oxford
(see Oxford University Agreements, above), which was signed on March 22, 2019 and therefore is the start date of the project. Of the
$1.2 million receivable from Reformation pursuant to the Pharmaceutical Agreement, $0.9 million was received by the Company on March
14, 2019 and the remaining $0.3 million will be received over the one-year term of the agreement.
180
LP is recognizing the income earned in connection with the Pharmaceutical Agreement on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 180 LP recognized $240,000 and $552,329, respectively, of income related to the Pharmaceutical
Agreement, which is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and other comprehensive income
loss (because 180 LP is an accounting acquiree in the Reorganization, the other income included in the accompanying consolidated statements
of operations and comprehensive loss is only for the post-Reorganization period). As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had a
receivable of $300,000 and $60,000, respectively, representing income earned in excess of cash received pursuant to the Pharmaceutical
Agreement.
Operating
Leases
On
February 17, 2020, the Company entered into a twelve-month lease agreement to lease office space located in London, UK. The rent is approximately
GBP £4,250 (USD $5,801) per month over the lease term for a total lease commitment of GBP £61,200 (USD $83,532). The lease
commenced on February 19, 2020 and expires on February 18, 2021. In connection with the lease, the Company paid the landlord a security
deposit of GBP £5,100 (USD $6,961). The lease shall continue until one of the following two events occur: (a) another lease
agreement is entered into by the parties or (b) either party gives not less than three full calendar months written notice terminating
this agreement prior to the expiration date. The Company terminated the lease in August 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company’s
rent expense amounted to GBP £30,257 (USD $38,831) and GBP £0 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Rent expense is reflected in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
On October 17, 2018, CBR
Pharma entered into a twelve (12) month lease agreement to lease office space located in London, UK. The rent is approximately GBP £6,400
(USD $4,808) per month over the lease term for a total lease commitment of GBP £56,845 (USD $69,823). The lease commenced on December
1, 2018 and expired on November 30, 2019 and was not renewed. In connection with the lease, the Company paid the landlord a security
deposit of GBP £4,410 (USD $5,619). During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded GBP £22,836 (USD $28,803)
of rent expense related to the lease.
On
June 8, 2018, CBR Pharma entered into a thirty (30) month agreement to lease office space located in Toronto, Canada (the “Toronto
Lease”). The Toronto Lease base rent ranged from $10,993 to $14,658 per month over the lease term for a total base lease commitment
of $425,082. The Toronto Lease expired on November 30, 2020. The Company has subleased the office space in Toronto, Canada to various
other companies on a month-to-month basis. Please refer to “Due from Related Parties” in Note 17, Related Parties. In September
2019, the Company and the landlord of the Toronto Lease mutually agreed to terminate the lease on March 31, 2020 without penalty and
the landlord would retain the security deposit of CAD $120,000 ($92,268) as rent expense for the period of October 2019 through March
2020. Since the Company and its sublessees vacated the space in October 2019 and did not occupy the space as of December 31, 2019, the
Company recorded the full amount of the security deposit to rent expense in 2019 in satisfaction of the lease agreement and accelerated
a rent expense of CAD $60,000 ($46,134). During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized rent expense of $0
and $76,267, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized rental income – related parties
of $0 and $25,946, respectively. Because CBR Pharma is an accounting acquiree in the Reorganization, the contract expense and rental
income included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is only for the post-Reorganization
period.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
C&H
Capital Consulting Services Agreement
On
September 4, 2020, the Company entered into a consulting agreement for investor relations services in exchange for shares of the Company
for fixed dollar amounts. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company will issue an aggregate of 5,000 common shares on a monthly basis and
an aggregate of 30,000 common shares at the end of each quarter. See Note 10 – Accrued Issuable Equity and Note 18 – Subsequent
Events for additional details.
Directors
and Officers Insurance Financing
On
December 10, 2020, the Company entered into a financing arrangement for a Directors and Officers Insurance Policy (the “D&O
Insurance”) with Hudson Specialty Insurance Co. and Lloyds of London to finance $728,438 of a total D&O Insurance amount of
$1,002,816, inclusive of premiums, taxes, and fees. As of December 31, 2020, a total of $854,550 and $655,594 remains financed in prepaid
expenses and loans payable, respectively, payable in monthly installments of $72,844.
NOTE
15 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)
Preferred
Stock
Pursuant
to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed on November 6, 2020, the Company has 5,000,000
preferred shares authorized at a par value of $0.0001 per share, of which 1,000,000 shares are designated as Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock (“Series A Preferred”), 1 share is designated as the Class K Special Voting Share and 1 share is designated as the
Class C Special Voting Share. The Class K Special Voting Share and the Class C Special Voting Share are together, the “Special
Voting Shares”. As of December 31, 2020, there is no Series A Preferred issued or outstanding; there is one Class K Special
Voting Share and one Class C special Voting Share issued and outstanding.
Series
A Preferred Stock
The
Series A Preferred is convertible into common stock at an initial conversion price of $5.28 per share, at the election of the holder,
at any time following issuance, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. Upon a dilutive issuance (as defined) at a price per share
lower than the existing conversion price, the conversion price will adjust to the lower of (a) the dilutive issuance price per share;
or (b) the lowest volume-weighted-average-price during the five days preceding the dilutive issuance. Upon any conversion, a make-whole
amount (as defined in the Certificate of Designation of the Series A Preferred) shall be due with respect to each share of Series A Preferred
converted. At any time following the three-month anniversary of the Business Combination, the holder of the Series A Preferred had the
right to force the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Preferred then owned by the holder in cash. Series A Preferred
stockholders were entitled to 10% dividends. Holders of the Series A Preferred had no voting rights.
The Company assumed 1,000,000 shares of issued and outstanding Series
A Preferred in connection with the Business Combination with a carrying value of $1,411,265, which was net of a $1,922,068 discount from
its stated value of $3,333,333. The discount included an original issuance discount of $333,333, cash issuance costs of $318,333, warrant
issuance costs of $103,402 (fair value of warrant issued to placement agent), and a bifurcated redemption feature that was valued at $1,167,000
at issuance (see Note 11 – Derivative Liabilities). No accretion of the Series A Preferred discount was required because redemption
wasn’t deemed to be probable.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
On November 25, 2020, a dilutive issuance reduced the conversion price
to the lower of (a) 96% of the lowest volume-weighted-average-price of the common stock during the five-day period preceding the conversion
date; or (b) $5.28, both subject to a floor of $2.00 per share. The conversion price adjustment was treated as an extinguishment and reissuance
of the outstanding Series A Preferred. On the extinguishment date, the bifurcated redemption feature was marked-to-market, increasing
the value by $606,000 and recognizing a corresponding charge to change in fair value of derivative liabilities. The $1,411,265 carrying
value of the preferred stock and the $1,773,000 fair value of the derivative liability were derecognized and we recognized the new $3,531,924
fair value of the preferred stock and the new $218,000 value of the bifurcated redemption feature. The difference of $565,659 was recognized
as a deemed dividend.
During
the period from November 30, 2020 to December 18, 2020, the 1,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred of the Company with a total conversion
value of $3,666,667 were converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at conversion prices of between $2.00 and $2.31 per
share, pursuant to the terms of such preferred stock. The bifurcated redemption features were marked-to-market just prior to each conversion,
resulting in an aggregate charge of $42,068 to change in fair value of derivative liabilities and the $260,068 fair value of the bifurcated
redemption features were derecognized on the conversion dates. At conversion, the aggregate $3,531,924 carrying value of the preferred
stock and the $260,068 fair value of the derivative liability were derecognized and we recognized the $4,349,035 fair value of the 1,614,144
shares of common stock issued. The difference of $557,043 was recorded as deemed dividend expense, including $333,333 associated with
the make-whole premiums and $223,710 associated with the contingent beneficial conversion feature. Due to such conversions, the Company
currently has no shares of Series A Preferred issued or outstanding.
The aggregate deemed dividend presented on the income statement is
comprised of the $333,333 make-whole dividend, the $223,710 beneficial conversion feature and a $565,659 extinguishment loss associated
with the conversion price adjustment.
Special
Voting Shares
The
Special Voting Shares were issued to the former shareholders of CBR Pharma and Katexco in connection with the Reorganization. The Special
Voting Shares are exchangeable by the holder for shares of the Company’s common stock and vote together as a single class with
the Company’s common stockholders. Special Voting Shares are not entitled to receive any dividend of distributions.
The
following table summarizes the Special Voting Shares activity during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
For the Years Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
January 1 balance
|
|
|
2,990,904
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Shares issued
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,990,904
|
|
Shares exchanged
|
|
|
(1,521,157
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
December 31 balance
|
|
|
1,469,747
|
|
|
|
2,990,904
|
|
Included in the 2,990,904 special voting shares
in the table above, are 1,664,072 special voting shares issued to CBR Pharma stockholders in connection with the Reorganization. See Note
4 – Reorganization and Recapitalization for additional details.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Common
Stock
The
Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders
of the Company’s shares of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share.
During
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 12,800,454 shares of its common stock, of which 64,657 shares were issued for cash
consideration of $1,130,656 and services valued at $333,145, 2,854,012 shares with an aggregate issuance date fair value of $12,992,470
were issued in full satisfaction of accrued issuable equity and investors deposits, and 9,881,785 shares with an aggregate fair value
at issuance of $45,866,502 were issued to the accounting acquiree stockholders in connection with the Reorganization.
On
March 10, 2020, the Company issued 12,292 shares of common stock for cash proceeds of $72,500.
On
November 6, 2020, the Company issued 240,540 shares with a grant date value of $1,057,989 as compensation to a consultant as part of
the business combination that was granted on May 13, 2018. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies for more information related
to Yissum Research and License Agreement.
On
November 6, 2020, the Company effectively issued 1,519,628 shares of common stock to the KBL shareholders upon the consummation of the
Reverse Merger.
During
November and December 2020, the Company issued 2,102,038 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of convertible debt and interest
in the aggregate amount of $6,466,353.
During
the period from November 30, 2020 to December 18, 2020, the Company issued 1,619,144 shares of common stock upon the conversion of $4,349,035
of Series A Preferred Stock as described above.
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 1,521,157 shares of its common stock upon the exchange of common stock equivalents
associated with the Special Voting Shares.
Stock
Options
On
December 3, 2020, the Company issued ten-year options for the purchase of an aggregate of 50,000 shares of its common stock to two members
of the board of directors. The options are exercisable at $2.49 per share and vest in equal monthly installments over the twelve months
following the grant date. The grant date value of $93,575 was estimated using the Black Scholes valuation method with the following assumptions
used:
Expected Term
|
|
5.27 years
|
|
Volatility
|
|
100.0%
|
|
Risk Free Rate
|
|
0.4%
|
|
Annual Rate of Dividends
|
|
0.00%
|
|
The
options expire on December 31, 2030. As of December 31, 2020, there was $85,777 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related
to the stock options that will be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 0.9 years. During the year ended December
31, 2020, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $7,798 related to the amortization of the grant date value of the
options.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Adoption
of 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan
At
a special meeting of stockholders held on November 5, 2020, the stockholders of the Company considered and approved the 2020 Omnibus
Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) and reserved 3,718,140 shares of common stock for issuance thereunder. The Incentive
Plan was previously approved on October 24, 2019, subject to stockholder approval, by the Board of Directors of the Company. The Incentive
Plan became effective on November 6, 2020, immediately upon the closing of the Business Combination.
Contingently
Redeemable Shares
On
July 16, 2019, in connection with the Reorganization, the Company issued 2,694,053 shares to a consultant that were subject to redemption
by 180 for an aggregate redemption price of $4.00 if (i) the closing of the Business Combination did not occur on or prior to October
31, 2019; or (ii) the consultant terminated his service with 180 prior to October 31, 2019.
On
November 11, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized management to waive its right of redemption in connection with the Contingently
Redeemable Shares. This was accounted for as a modification of the stock award. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company
recorded a charge related to a modification of a stock award – related parties of $12,959,360 in connection with the waiver of
the Company’s right of redemption related to the Contingently Redeemable Shares. See Note 17 – Related Parties for more information
about Modification of Stock Award – Related Party.
NOTE
16 — INCOME TAXES
The
Company is subject to federal and state/provincial income taxes in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom and each legal entity
files on a non-consolidated basis. The benefit of the pre-reorganization net operating losses of 180 LP were passed through to its owners.
The
losses before income taxes consist of the following domestic and international components:
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Domestic
|
|
$
|
(8,635,341
|
)
|
|
$
|
(18,288,861
|
)
|
International
|
|
|
(2,269,144
|
)
|
|
|
(7,114,681
|
)
|
|
|
$
|
(10,904,485
|
)
|
|
$
|
(25,403,542
|
)
|
The
provision for income taxes consists of the following benefits (provisions):
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Deferred tax benefits:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$
|
1,289,907
|
|
|
$
|
969,769
|
|
State
|
|
|
427,689
|
|
|
|
321,576
|
|
International
|
|
|
541,614
|
|
|
|
663,972
|
|
|
|
|
2,259,210
|
|
|
|
1,955,317
|
|
Change in valuation allowance
|
|
|
(2,238,783
|
)
|
|
|
(1,945,821
|
)
|
Net income tax benefit
|
|
$
|
20,427
|
|
|
$
|
9,496
|
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Certain
deferred tax liabilities are denominated in currencies other than the US dollar and are subject to foreign currency translation adjustments.
The
provision for income taxes differs from the United States Federal statutory rate as follows:
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
US Federal statutory rate
|
|
|
21.0
|
%
|
|
|
21.0
|
%
|
Difference between domestic and foreign federal rates
|
|
|
(0.6
|
%)
|
|
|
(1.6
|
%)
|
State and provincial taxes, net of federal benefits
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
|
|
8.3
|
%
|
Permanent differences:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
(0.8
|
%)
|
|
|
(14.6
|
%)
|
Change in the fair value of derivatives and accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
(4.6
|
%)
|
|
|
(4.5
|
%)
|
Loss on extinguishment
|
|
|
(1.0
|
%)
|
|
|
(0.8
|
%)
|
Other
|
|
|
0.7
|
%
|
|
|
(0.1
|
%)
|
Change in valuation allowance
|
|
|
(20.5
|
%)
|
|
|
(7.7
|
%)
|
Effective income tax rate
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
Deferred
tax assets and liabilities consist of the following:
|
|
As of
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
|
$
|
6,352,809
|
|
|
$
|
4,131,288
|
|
Organizational costs deferred for tax purposes
|
|
|
3,068,651
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Reserve for uncollectible trade and
notes receivable not currently deductible for tax purposes
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
713,367
|
|
Accrued compensation not currently deductible
|
|
|
224,931
|
|
|
|
134,620
|
|
Other
|
|
|
62,828
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
9,709,220
|
|
|
|
4,979,276
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Difference between book and tax basis related to:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technology license
|
|
|
(404,507
|
)
|
|
|
(394,824
|
)
|
Acquired in-process research and development
|
|
|
(3,242,750
|
)
|
|
|
(3,277,935
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
(21,072
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
(3,668,329
|
)
|
|
|
(3,672,759
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
|
|
|
6,040,891
|
|
|
|
1,306,517
|
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(9,709,220
|
)
|
|
|
(4,979,276
|
)
|
Deferred tax assets and liabilities, net
|
|
$
|
(3,668,329
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,672,759
|
)
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
change in the valuation reserve for deferred tax assets consists of the following:
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
Beginning of period
|
|
$
|
(4,979,276
|
)
|
|
$
|
(942,251
|
)
|
Allowance established in connection
with the recording of deferred tax assets acquired resulting from the
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
following transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Reorganization in 2019 described in Note 4
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(2,031,811
|
)
|
- Business combination in 2020 described in Note 5
|
|
|
(2,491,161
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change in valuation pursuant to the tax provision
|
|
|
(2,238,783
|
)
|
|
|
(1,945,821
|
)
|
True-up to a prior year’s tax return
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(59,393
|
)
|
End of period
|
|
$
|
(9,709,220
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,979,276
|
)
|
As
of December 31, 2020, the Company had net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards that may be available to offset future taxable
income in various jurisdictions as follows:
|
●
|
Approximately $11,123,000
each of domestic federal and state NOLs. The federal NOLs have no expiration date and the state NOLs will begin to expire in
2038;
|
|
●
|
Approximately
$9,417,000 each of Canadian federal and provincial NOLs. Those NOLs will begin to expire in 2038; and
|
|
●
|
Approximately
$4,030,000 of United Kingdom federal NOLs. Those NOLs have no expiration date.
|
The
utilization of the domestic NOLs to offset future taxable income may be subject to annual limitations under Section 382 of the Internal
Revenue Code and similar state statutes as a result of ownership changes, but the United States federal NOLs have no expiration dates.
On
July 16, 2019 as part of the Reorganization (see Note 4), we acquired net deferred tax assets of $2,031,811, against which there is a
full valuation allowance. On November 6, 2020, we acquired net deferred tax assets of $2,491,161, against which there is a full valuation
allowance.
The
Company has assessed the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740 Income
Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requires that such a review considers all available positive and negative evidence, including
the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. ASC 740 requires that
a valuation allowance be established when it is “more likely than not” that all, or a portion of, deferred tax assets will
not be realized. After the performance of such reviews as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, management believes that uncertainty exists
with respect to future realization of its deferred tax assets and has, therefore, established a full valuation allowance as of those
dates. Thus, the Company established valuation reserves of $2,491,161 and $2,031,811 in connection with the net deferred tax assets acquired
in connection with the Business Combination described in Note 5 and the Reorganization described in Note 4 during the years ended December
31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, the Company recorded increases in the valuation allowance of $2,238,783 and $1,945,821
in connection with the tax provisions for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Management
has evaluated and concluded that there were no material uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s consolidated
financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits
within twelve months of the reporting date.
No
tax audits were commenced or were in process during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 nor were any tax related interest or penalties
incurred during those periods. The Company’s tax returns filed in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom since inception
remain subject to examination, with the exception of the tax returns filed for the 180 LP pass-through entity whose tax returns remain
subject to examination beginning with the 2018 tax return.
NOTE
17 — RELATED PARTIES
Due
from Related Parties
Due from related parties
was $300,000 as of December 31, 2020 and consists of a receivable due from a research and development company that has shared officers
and directors.
Due
from related parties was $73,248 as of December 31, 2019 and consists of (i) a receivable of $60,000 due from a research and development
company that has shared officers and directors and (ii) a travel advance of $13,248 to a company with shared officers and directors.
Accounts
Payable - Related Parties
Accounts
payable - related parties was $215,495 as of December 31, 2020 and consists of $196,377 for professional services provided by the Company’s
directors and $19,118 for accounting fees for services provided by a director and his company. Accounts payable - related parties was
$123,035 as of December 31, 2019 and consists of $101,009 for professional services provided by the Company’s directors and $22,026
for accounting fees for services provided by a director and his company.
Accrued
Expenses - Related Parties
Accrued
expenses - related parties was $454,951 as of December 31, 2020 and consists of $124,833 of interest accrued on loans and convertible
notes due to certain officers and directors of the Company and $330,118 of accrued professional fees for services provided by certain
directors of the Company. Accrued expenses - related parties of $177,074 as of December 31, 2019, consists of $78,610 of interest accrued
on loans and convertible notes due to certain officers and directors of the Company, $30,464 of accrued professional fees for services
provided by certain directors of the Company and $68,000 of accrued accounting fees related to services provided by a Company director
and his company.
Due
to Related Parties
Due
to related parties was $0 and $17,341 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The balance as of December 31, 2019 represents
an overpayment of rent by a company that is subleasing space from the Company in Toronto, Canada whose directors and officers of the
Company are affiliated with the Company.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Loans
Payable – Related Parties
Loans
payable - related parties consists of $513,082 and $220,525 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Please refer to Note 12 -
Loan Payables for more information.
Convertible
Notes Payable – Related Parties
Convertible
notes payable - related parties of $270,000 and $454,604 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, represents the principal balance
of convertible notes owed to certain officers and directors of the Company. Please refer to Note 13 - Convertible Notes Payable for more
information.
Research
and Development Expenses – Related Parties
During the year ended December
31, 2020, the Company incurred $75,633 of research and development expenses – related parties to consulting fees paid to former
officers, directors or greater than 10% stockholders, or affiliates thereof.
During
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred $54,020 of research and development expenses – related parties to consulting
fees paid to former officers, directors or greater than 10% stockholders, or affiliates thereof.
General
and Administrative Expenses – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred $185,848 of general and administrative expenses related to professional fees paid
to current or former officers, directors or greater than 10% investors, or affiliates thereof.
During
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred $286,745 of general and administrative expenses for related party services, including
(a) $268,745 for professional fees paid to current or former officers, directors or greater than 10% stockholders, or affiliates thereof;
and (b) $18,000 for travel expenses paid to a greater than 10% stockholders of the Company.
Modification
of Stock Award – Related Party
During
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred $0 and $12,959,360, respectively, related to the modification of a stock
award granted to a greater than 10% investor related to the Contingent Redeemable Shares. See Note 15 - Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency)
for more information about Contingently Redeemable Shares.
Rental
Income – Related Parties
During
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0 and $25,946 of rental income for sub-leasing office space in Toronto,
Canada to companies with shared officers and directors.
Other
Income – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $240,000 of other income related to a one-year research and development agreement
with a company who has common officers and directors of the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $552,329
of other income, related to a one-year research and development agreement with a company who has common officers and directors of the
Company. Please refer to Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies, Reformation Pharmaceuticals Agreement – Related
Party.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Interest
Expense – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $84,550 of interest expense – related parties, of which $48,591 related
to the convertible notes with officers and directors of the Company and $33,798 related to interest expense on loans with officers, directors
and a greater than 10% investor of the Company, and $2,161 was incurred prior to the Reorganization in connection with a Katexco loan
payable to CBR Pharma.
During
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $23,074 of interest expense – related parties, of which $17,827 related
to the convertible notes with officers and directors of the Company and $3,086 related to interest expense on loans with officers, directors
and a greater than 10% investor of the Company, and $2,161 was incurred prior to the Reorganization in connection with a Katexco loan
payable to CBR Pharma.
Change
in Fair Value of Accrued Issuable Equity – Related Parties
During
the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded charges of $0 and $3,881,819, respectively, related to the change in
the fair value of unissued shares of common stock to officers, directors and investors of the Company in exchange for corporate advisory
services.
NOTE
18 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Repayment
of Kingsbrook Promissory Note
On
March 3, 2021, the Company repaid the Kingsbrook promissory note in cash for an aggregate of $166,313, which included the principal of
$150,000 and accrued interest of $16,313.
Extension
of the Loan Agreements
On February 10, 2021, the Company entered into
amended loan agreements to modify the terms of certain loan agreements in the aggregate principal amount of $412,716, previously entered
into with Sir Marc Feldman and Dr. Lawrence Steinman, the Co-Executive Chairmen of the Board of Directors. The loan agreements were extended
and modified to be paid back at the Company’s discretion, either by 1) repayment in cash, or 2) by converting the outstanding amounts
into shares of common stock at the same price per share as the next financing transaction.
On April 12, 2021, the Company entered into amended
loan agreements with such individuals, which extended the date of all of their outstanding loan agreements, to September 30, 2021 (see
Note 12 – Loans Payable). The loan agreements were extended and modified to mature at the earlier of (a) a Form S-1 financing; or
(b) September 30, 2021.
Convertible
Debt Conversions
From January 15, 2021 to February 5, 2021, the
holders of the Company’s convertible promissory notes converted an aggregate of $1,340,183, which included accrued interest of $105,850,
owed under such convertible notes into an aggregate of 467,123 shares of common stock, pursuant to the terms of such notes, as amended,
at conversion prices of between $2.45 and $3.29 per share.
On March 8, 2021, the holders of the Company’s
convertible bridge notes, which were issued in December 27, 2019 and January 3, 2020 to various purchasers, converted an aggregate of
$432,384, which included accrued interest of $66,633 owed under such convertible bridge notes, into an aggregate of 158,383 shares of
common stock pursuant to the terms of such notes, as amended, at a conversion price of $2.73 per share.
Default on Convertible Notes
On February 3, 2021, there was an event of default
in connection with the Alpha Capital convertible note (the “Alpha Capital Note”), which resulted in an increase in the settlement
value of the Alpha Capital Note. The additional liability is accounted for as a bifurcated derivative. The holder of the Alpha Convertible
Note has alleged that the default event described in Note 13, Convertible Notes Payable also applies to the $300,000 of principal that
was converted on February 4, 2021, which would result in an additional increase to the settlement amount of the Alpha Convertible Note.
The Company is in discussions with the noteholder regarding this dispute.
Stock
Option Issuances
On
February 25, 2021, the Company awarded options to two of its officers to purchase 1,580,000 shares of the Company’s common stock,
which have a term of 10 years, and an exercise price of $4.43 per share (the closing sales price on the date the Board of Directors approved
the grant (February 26, 2021)). The options are subject to the Company’s 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan and vest at the rate of (a) 1/5th
of such options upon the grant date; and (b) 4/5th of such options vesting ratably on a monthly basis over the following 36 months
on the last day of each calendar month; provided, however, that such options vest immediately upon officers’ deaths or disabilities,
terminations without cause or terminations for good reason, a change in control of the Company or upon a sale of the Company.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Sale of Common Stock in Private Offering
On February 19, 2021, the Company entered into
a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell an
aggregate of 2,564,000 shares of common stock (the “Shares”) and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares
of common stock (the “PIPE Warrants”), at a combined purchase price of $4.55 per share and PIPE Warrant (the “Private
Offering”). The Private Offering closed on February 23, 2021. Aggregate gross proceeds from the Private Offering were approximately
$11.7 million. Net proceeds to the Company from the Private Offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering
expenses payable by the Company, were $10.7 million. The placement agent fees and offering expenses were accounted for as a reduction
of additional paid in capital.
The PIPE Warrants have an exercise price equal
to $5.00 per share, are immediately exercisable and are subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments for stock splits or dividends or
other similar transactions. However, the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants will not be subject to adjustment as a result of subsequent
equity issuances at effective prices lower than the then-current exercise price. The PIPE Warrants are exercisable for 5 years following
the closing date. The PIPE Warrants are subject to a provision prohibiting the exercise of such Warrants to the extent that, after giving
effect to such exercise, the holder of such Warrant (together with the holder’s affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group
together with the holder or any of the holder’s affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding
common stock (which may be increased to 9.99% on a holder by holder basis, with 61 days prior written consent of the applicable holder).
The PIPE Warrants did not meet the requirements for equity classification due to the existence of a tender offer provision that could
potentially result in cash settlement of the PIPE Warrants that didn’t meet the limited exception in the case of a change-in-control.
Accordingly, the Company reclassified the $7,294,836 fair value of the PIPE Warrants, which was determined using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model, from additional paid-in-capital to derivative liabilities. The following assumptions were used to value the PIPE Warrants
at issuance:
|
|
February 23,
2021
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
0.59
|
%
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
|
5.00
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
85.0
|
%
|
Expected dividends
|
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
In connection with the Private Offering, the Company
also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2021, with the Purchasers (the “Registration Rights
Agreement”). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on or prior to April 24, 2021 to register the resale of the Shares and the shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of the PIPE Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”), and to cause such registration statement to be declared
effective on or prior to June 23, 2021 (or, in the event of a “full review” by the SEC, August 22, 2021). The Company
is currently in default of the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement as the registration statement to register the Shares and Warrant
Shares was not filed by April 24, 2021. As a result of this default, the Company is required to pay damages to the Purchasers in the aggregate
amount of $174,993 each month beginning on April 24, 2021, and until such date that the registration statement is filed with the SEC.
Consulting
Agreement
On
February 25, 2021, the Company entered into a consultancy agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”) with Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal,
our Chairman of our Clinical Advisory Committee, dated February 22, 2021, and effective December 1, 2020.
On March 31, 2021, subsequently thereafter, the
Consulting Agreement was amended to include CBR Pharma, a corporation incorporated and registered in England and Wales, and an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as a party thereto. In addition, the Company agreed to pay the consultant 15,000 British Pounds
(GBP) per month (approximately $20,800) during the term of the agreement, increasing to GBP 23,000 per month (approximately $32,000) on
the date (a) of publication of the data from the phase 2b clinical trial for Dupuytren’s disease (RIDD) and (b) the date that the
Company has successfully raised over $15 million in capital. The Company also agreed to pay the consultant a bonus (“Bonus 1”)
in the sum of 100,000 GPB upon submission of the Dupuytren’s disease clinical trial data for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
In addition, for prior work performed, including completion of the recruitment to the RIDD (Dupuytren’s) trial, the Company agreed
to pay the consultant GBP 434,673 (approximately $605,000) (“Bonus 2”). At the election of the consultant, Bonus 2 shall be
paid at least 50% (fifty percent) or more, as the consultant elects, in shares of the Company’s common stock, at a share price of
$3.00 per share, or the share price on the date of the grant, whichever is lower, with the remainder paid in GBP. Bonus 2 shall be deemed
earned and payable upon the Company raising a minimum of $15 million in additional funding, through the sale of debt or equity, after
December 1, 2020 (the “Vesting Date”) and shall not be accrued, due or payable prior to such Vesting Date. Bonus 2 shall be
payable by the Company within 30 calendar days of the Vesting Date. Finally, the consultant shall receive another one-time bonus (“Bonus
3”) of GBP 5,000 (approximately $7,000) on enrollment of the first patient to the phase 2 frozen shoulder trial, and another one-time
bonus (“Bonus 4”) of GBP 5,000 (approximately $7,000) for enrollment of the first patient to the phase 2 delirium/POCD trial.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
Consulting Agreement has an initial term of three years, and renews thereafter for additional three-year terms, until terminated as provided
in the agreement. The Consulting Agreement can be terminated by either party with 12 months prior written notice (provided the Company’s
right to terminate the agreement may only be exercised if the consultant fails to perform his required duties under the Consulting Agreement),
or by the Company immediately under certain conditions specified in the Consulting Agreement if (a) the consultant fails or neglects
efficiently and diligently to perform the services or is guilty of any breach of its or his obligations under the agreement (including
any consent granted under it); (b) the consultant is guilty of any fraud or dishonesty or acts in a manner (whether in the performance
of the services or otherwise) which, in the reasonable opinion of the Company, has brought or is likely to bring the consultant, the
Company or any of its affiliates into disrepute or is convicted of an arrestable offence (other than a road traffic offence for which
a non-custodial penalty is imposed); or (c) the consultant becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors.
If the Consulting Agreement is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause, the consultant is entitled to a lump sum payment
of 12 months of his fee as at the date of termination.
On
March 31, 2021, in satisfaction of amounts owed to the consultant for 50% of Bonus 2, the Company issued 100,699 shares of the Company’s
common stock to the Consultant. Additionally, on April 15, 2021, in satisfaction of amounts owed to the consultant for an additional
19% of Bonus 2, the Company issued 37,715 of the Company’s common stock. The remainder of Bonus 2 will be due to the Consultant
at such time as the Company has raised $15 million, which obligation was waived by the Company in connection with the issuance of the
shares described above.
Employment
Agreements of Chief Executive Officer
On
February 25, 2021, the Company entered into an amended agreement with the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (the “A&R
Agreement”), dated February 24, 2021, and effective November 6, 2020. Pursuant to the A&R Agreement, the CEO agreed to serve
as an officer of the Company. The agreement replaced his prior agreement with the Company. The A&R Agreement has a term of three
years, and is automatically renewable thereafter for additional one-year periods, unless either party provides the other at least 90
days written notice of their intent to not renew the agreement. The CEO’s annual base salary under the agreement will initially
be $450,000 per year. The annual salary is also subject to automatic 5% yearly increases.
The
CEO is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, with a target bonus equal to 45% of his then-current base salary, based upon the Company’s
achievement of performance and management objectives as set and approved by the Board of Directors and/or Compensation Committee in consultation
with the CEO. At the CEO’s option, the annual bonus can be paid in cash or the equivalent value of the Company’s common stock
or a combination. thereof. The Board of Directors, as recommended by the Compensation Committee, may also award the CEO bonuses from
time to time (in stock, options, cash, or other forms of consideration) in its discretion. Under the A&R Agreement, the CEO is also
eligible to participate in any stock option plans and receive other equity awards, as determined by the Board of Directors from time
to time.
The
agreement can be terminated any time by the Company for cause (subject to the cure provisions of the agreement), or without cause (with
60 days prior written notice to the CEO), by the CEO for good reason (as described in the agreement, and subject to the cure provisions
of the agreement), or by the CEO without good reason. The agreement also expires automatically at the end of the initial term or any
renewal term if either party provides notice of non-renewal as discussed above.
In
the event the A&R Agreement is terminated without cause by the Company, or by the CEO for good reason, the Company agreed to pay
him the lesser of 18 months of salary or the remaining term of the agreement, the payment of any accrued bonus from the prior year, his
pro rata portion of any current year’s bonus and health insurance premiums for the same period that he is to receive severance
payments (as discussed above).
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
The
A&R Agreement contains standard and customary invention assignment, indemnification, confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions,
which remain in effect for a period of 24 months following the termination of his agreement.
Employment
Agreement for Chief Financial Officer
On
February 25, 2021, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) dated February 24, 2021,
and effective November 6, 2020, which agreement was amended and corrected on March 1, 2021, to be effective as of the effective date
of the original agreement (which amendment and correction is retroactively updated in the discussion of the agreement), with the Company’s
Interim Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). Pursuant to the agreement, the CFO agreed to serve as an officer of the Company;
and the Company agreed to pay the CFO $300,000 per year. Such salary is to be increased to a mutually determined amount upon the closing
of a new financing, and shall also be increased on a yearly basis.
Under
the agreement, the CFO is eligible to receive an annual bonus, in a targeted amount of 30% of his then salary, based upon the Company’s
achievement of performance and management objectives as set and approved by the CEO, in consultation with the CFO. The bonus amount is
subject to adjustment. The Board of Directors, as recommended by the Compensation Committee of the Company (and/or the Compensation Committee),
may also award the CFO bonuses from time to time (in stock, options, cash, or other forms of consideration) in its discretion. Under
the Employment Agreement, the CFO is also eligible to participate in any stock option plans and receive other equity awards, as determined
by the Board of Directors from time to time. As of December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $15,750 of accrued bonus payable to the CFO.
The
agreement can be terminated any time by the Company with or without cause with 60 days prior written notice and may be terminated by
the CFO at any time with 60 days prior written notice. The agreement may also be terminated by the Company with six days’ notice
in the event the agreement is terminated for cause under certain circumstances. Upon the termination of the CFO’s agreement by
the Company without cause or by the CFO for good reason, the Company agreed to pay him three months of severance pay.
The
agreement contains standard and customary invention assignment, indemnification, confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions, which
remain in effect for a period of 24 months following the termination of his agreement.
Officer’s
and Director’s Compensation
On
March 31, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the issuance of 67,802 shares of restricted common stock to certain directors
and officers under the Company’s 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which amounts represented 50% of the amounts currently owed to such
persons in consideration for services rendered. The shares issued were valued at the closing sales price on March 29, 2021, the last
closing sales price prior to the date such issuance was approved by the Board of Directors.
On
March 5, 2021, in consideration for the fees earned as members of the Board of Directors of the Company and in satisfaction of amounts
owed in accrued directors’ fees, the Company issued 4,604 shares of the Company’s common stock, which are fully-paid and
non-assessable upon issuance.
KCSA
Settlement Agreement
On
March 12, 2021, the Company agreed it was in the Company’s best interest to enter into a settlement agreement with Kanan Corbin
Schupak & Aronow, Inc. (“KCSA”) in connection with outstanding obligations in the aggregate of approximately $58,962
due for services rendered to CBR Pharma and Katexco. Thereupon the Company issued KCSA 8,675 shares of the Company’s restricted
common stock in satisfaction of the terms of the settlement.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
AGP
Warrants
On March 12, 2021, the Company issued a warrant
to AGP (the “AGP Warrant”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 63,658 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase
price of $5.28 per share, subject to adjustment, and limited at any given time not to exceed a beneficial ownership of 4.99% of the total
number of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. The AGP Warrant is exercisable at any time on or after May
2, 2021 and on or prior to May 2, 2024. This issuance satisfies the Company’s obligation to AGP, as discussed in Note 11 –
Derivative Liabilities.
The newly issued AGP Warrant did not meet the
requirements for equity classification due to the existence of a tender offer provision that could potentially result in cash settlement
of the AGP Warrant that did not meet the limited exception in the case of a change-in-control. Accordingly, the AGP Warrant will continue
to be liability-classified.
C&H
Capital Inc. Consulting Agreement
On
March 19, 2021, in satisfaction of accrued issuable equity owed to C&H Capital Inc. (“C&H Capital”) for services
rendered related to investor relations and strategic planning, the Company issued 14,195 of shares of the Company’s restricted
common stock to C&H Capital.
Effective
March 15, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the consulting agreement with C&H Capital. Pursuant to the amendment, as
compensation for investor relations and strategic planning services, the Company issued 1,815 shares of the Company’s common stock
which vest monthly over a one-year period to C&H Capital and the initial agreement with C&H Capital was terminated.
Cantor
Fitzgerald & Co. Litigation
On
April 4, 2021, the Company received a court summons in connection with the alleged breach of the Settlement Agreement pursuant to which
CF&CO is currently pursuing litigation. The Company plans to file a response with the court pursuant to an extension that was granted
to file an answer.
EarlyBird
Settlement Agreement
On
April 23, 2021, the Company settled the amounts due pursuant to a certain finder agreement entered into with EarlyBird on October 17,
2017 (the “Finder Agreement”). The Company’s Board of Directors determined it was in the best interests to settle all
claims which had been made or could be made with respect to the Finder Agreement and entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement
Agreement”). Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company paid EarlyBird a cash payment of $275,000 and issued 225,000 shares
of the Company’s restricted common stock to EarlyBird.
Larsen
Consulting Agreement
On
April 29, 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Glenn Larsen, the former Chief Executive Officer of 180 Therapeutics
LP, to act in the capacity as negotiator for the licensing of four patents. In consideration for services provided, the Company agreed
to compensate the consultant with $50,000 of its restricted common stock which vests upon the Company entering into a licensing transaction
with the assistance of the consultant.
Application
for Forgiveness of the PPP Loan
On
May 19, 2021, the Company applied for loan forgiveness for the amount of $51,051 in connection to amounts borrowed by Katexco under the
PPP. The result of the application has not yet been determined.
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Legal
Action
On May 17,
2021, Tyche Capital LLC (“Tyche”) filed a counterclaim against the Company
alleging that it was the Company, rather than Tyche, that had breached the Guarantee and Commitment Agreement
entered into between KBL and Tyche on July 25, 2019. Tyche also filed a Third
Party Complaint against six third-party defendants, including three members of the Company’s management, Sir Marc Feldman,
Dr. James Woody, and Ozan Pamir, claiming that they allegedly breached fiduciary duties to Tyche with regards to
the Guarantee and Commitment Agreement. The Company denies all of such claims, as do the three individual members of
the Company’s management, and will vigorously defend against all of Tyche’s claims.
University
of Oxford Agreement
On
May 24, 2021, CannUK entered into another research agreement with Oxford (the “Fifth Oxford Agreement”), pursuant to which
CannUK will sponsor work at the University of Oxford to conduct a multi-centre, randomised, double blind, parallel group, feasibility
study of anti-TNF injection for the treatment of adults with frozen shoulder during the pain-predominant phase.
CannUK,
as the sponsor, agreed to make the following payments to Oxford:
Milestone
|
|
Amount Due
(excluding VAT)
|
|
Upon signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
6 months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
12 months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
24 months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
180 LIFE SCIENCES
CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY
KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed
in US Dollars)
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
6,052,862
|
|
|
$
|
2,108,544
|
|
Due from related parties
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
1,945,172
|
|
|
|
1,606,414
|
|
Total Current Assets
|
|
|
8,298,034
|
|
|
|
4,014,958
|
|
Intangible assets, net
|
|
|
2,041,999
|
|
|
|
2,047,818
|
|
In-process research and development
|
|
|
12,589,191
|
|
|
|
12,569,793
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
37,182,945
|
|
|
|
36,900,801
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
$
|
60,112,169
|
|
|
$
|
55,533,370
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities, Temporary Equity and Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
3,905,267
|
|
|
$
|
8,529,259
|
|
Accounts payable - related parties
|
|
|
236,534
|
|
|
|
215,495
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
2,884,950
|
|
|
|
4,110,916
|
|
Accrued expenses - related parties
|
|
|
512,992
|
|
|
|
454,951
|
|
Loans payable - current portion
|
|
|
606,295
|
|
|
|
968,446
|
|
Loans payable - related parties
|
|
|
514,140
|
|
|
|
513,082
|
|
Convertible notes payable
|
|
|
316,111
|
|
|
|
1,916,195
|
|
Convertible notes payable - related parties
|
|
|
270,000
|
|
|
|
270,000
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
24,375,911
|
|
|
|
4,442,970
|
|
Total Current Liabilities
|
|
|
33,622,200
|
|
|
|
21,421,314
|
|
Accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
43,095
|
|
Loans payable - non current portion
|
|
|
107,964
|
|
|
|
113,763
|
|
Deferred tax liability
|
|
|
3,672,710
|
|
|
|
3,668,329
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
37,402,874
|
|
|
|
25,246,501
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares designated; 0 shares issued; none available at March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’ Equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; (see designations and shares authorized for Series A, Class C and Class K preferred stock)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class C Preferred Stock; 1 share authorized, issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Class K Preferred Stock; 1 share authorized, issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 30,518,330 and 26,171,225 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively
|
|
|
3,052
|
|
|
|
2,617
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
86,436,232
|
|
|
|
78,005,004
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
826,234
|
|
|
|
636,886
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(64,556,223
|
)
|
|
|
(48,357,638
|
)
|
Total Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
|
22,709,295
|
|
|
|
30,286,869
|
|
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
$
|
60,112,169
|
|
|
$
|
55,533,370
|
|
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
180 LIFE SCIENCES
CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY
KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed
in US Dollars)
(unaudited)
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
2020
|
|
Operating Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
$
|
99,899
|
|
|
$
|
472,862
|
|
Research and development - related parties
|
|
|
267,053
|
|
|
|
30,605
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,542,231
|
|
|
|
995,328
|
|
General and administrative - related parties
|
|
|
39,120
|
|
|
|
68,067
|
|
Total Operating Expenses
|
|
|
2,948,303
|
|
|
|
1,566,862
|
|
Loss From Operations
|
|
|
(2,948,303
|
)
|
|
|
(1,566,862
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (Expense) Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on settlement of payables and accrued expenses
|
|
|
723,764
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other income - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
240,000
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(112,933
|
)
|
|
|
(152,916
|
)
|
Interest expense - related parties
|
|
|
(13,949
|
)
|
|
|
(19,848
|
)
|
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes payable, net
|
|
|
(9,737
|
)
|
|
|
(886,736
|
)
|
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
(13,229,308
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Offering costs allocated to warrant liabilities
|
|
|
(604,118
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
(9,405
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Total Other Expense, Net
|
|
|
(13,255,686
|
)
|
|
|
(819,500
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss Before Income Taxes
|
|
|
(16,203,989
|
)
|
|
|
(2,386,362
|
)
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
5,404
|
|
|
|
5,102
|
|
Net Loss
|
|
|
(16,198,585
|
)
|
|
|
(2,381,260
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Comprehensive Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
189,348
|
|
|
|
(1,844,205
|
)
|
Total Comprehensive Loss
|
|
$
|
(16,009,237
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,225,465
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share
|
|
$
|
(0.58
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding:
|
|
|
27,953,302
|
|
|
|
16,840,668
|
|
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
180 LIFE SCIENCES
CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY
KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Expressed
in US Dollars)
(unaudited)
|
|
For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Stockholders’
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
Balance - January 1, 2021
|
|
|
26,171,225
|
|
|
$
|
2,617
|
|
|
$
|
78,005,004
|
|
|
$
|
636,886
|
|
|
$
|
(48,357,638
|
)
|
|
$
|
30,286,869
|
|
Shares issued upon conversion of KBL debt
|
|
|
467,123
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
1,941,078
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,941,125
|
|
Shares issued upon conversion of 180 debt
|
|
|
158,383
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
432,367
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
432,383
|
|
Shares issued in connection with the private offering, net of financing costs(a)
|
|
|
2,564,000
|
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
10,730,814
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
10,731,070
|
|
Offering costs allocated to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
warrant liabilities(a)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
604,118
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
604,118
|
|
Warrants issued in connection with the private offering, reclassified to derivative liabilities
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(7,294,836
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(7,294,836
|
)
|
Shares issued upon exchange of common stock equivalents
|
|
|
959,809
|
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
(96
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Stock based compensation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
|
197,790
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
925,384
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
925,404
|
|
Options
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,092,399
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,092,399
|
|
Comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(16,198,585
|
)
|
|
|
16,198,585
|
)
|
Other comprehensive income
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
189,348
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
189,348
|
|
Balance - March 31, 2021
|
|
|
30,518,330
|
|
|
$
|
3,052
|
|
|
$
|
86,436,232
|
|
|
$
|
826,234
|
|
|
$
|
(64,556,223
|
)
|
|
$
|
22,709,295
|
|
(a)
|
Consists of $11,700,000 of gross proceeds from the offering, net of
placement agent fees and other cash offering costs of $968,930. Of the $968,930 offering costs, $364,812 was allocated to the common stock
and $604,118 was allocated to the warrant liabilities and expensed immediately due to their liability classification (see Note 6 –
Derivative Liabilities – Warrants Issued in Private Offering).
|
|
|
For
The Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Stockholders’
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Income
(Loss)
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
Balance
- January 1, 2020
|
|
|
13,846,925
|
|
|
$
|
1,384
|
|
|
$
|
75,890,295
|
|
|
$
|
152,803
|
|
|
$
|
(37,473,580
|
)
|
|
$
|
38,570,902
|
|
Common
stock issued for cash
|
|
|
12,292
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
72,499
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
72,500
|
|
Shares
issued upon exchange of common stock equivalents
|
|
|
410,170
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
(41
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature on convertible debt issued
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329,300
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
329,300
|
|
Comprehensive
loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(2,381,260
|
)
|
|
|
(2,381,260
|
)
|
Other
comprehensive loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,844,205
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,844,205
|
)
|
Balance
- March 31, 2020
|
|
|
14,269,387
|
|
|
$
|
1,426
|
|
|
$
|
76,292,053
|
|
|
$
|
(1,691,402
|
)
|
|
$
|
(39,854,840
|
)
|
|
$
|
34,747,237
|
|
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
180 LIFE SCIENCES
CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(FORMERLY
KBL MERGER CORP. IV)
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed
in US Dollars)
(unaudited)
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
2020
|
|
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(16,198,585
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,381,260
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares issued for services
|
|
|
925,404
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Amortization of stock options
|
|
|
1,092,399
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
28,668
|
|
|
|
32,293
|
|
Gain on settlement of payables and accrued expenses
|
|
|
(723,764
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loss on extinguishment of convertible note payable
|
|
|
9,737
|
|
|
|
886,736
|
|
Gain on exchange rate transactions
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(5,334
|
)
|
Deferred tax benefit
|
|
|
(5,403
|
)
|
|
|
(5,102
|
)
|
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
13,229,308
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Offering costs allocated to warrant liabilities
|
|
|
604,118
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
9,405
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
(342,045
|
)
|
|
|
267,716
|
|
Due from related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(240,000
|
)
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
(3,966,486
|
)
|
|
|
302,380
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
(940,301
|
)
|
|
|
733,565
|
|
Accrued issuable equity
|
|
|
(52,500
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Total adjustments
|
|
|
9,868,540
|
|
|
|
1,972,254
|
|
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities
|
|
|
(6,330,045
|
)
|
|
|
(409,006
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares issued for cash, net of issuance costs
|
|
|
10,731,070
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Repayment of loans payable
|
|
|
(368,532
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Proceeds from sale of common stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
72,500
|
|
Proceeds from loans payable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
Proceeds from loans payable - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
174,864
|
|
Proceeds from convertible notes payable - related parties
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
82,500
|
|
Cash Provided By Financing Activities
|
|
|
10,362,538
|
|
|
|
333,364
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash
|
|
|
(88,175
|
)
|
|
|
89,810
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Increase In Cash
|
|
|
3,944,318
|
|
|
|
14,168
|
|
Cash - Beginning of Period
|
|
|
2,108,544
|
|
|
|
83,397
|
|
Cash - End of Period
|
|
$
|
6,052,862
|
|
|
$
|
97,565
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the period for interest
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants issued in connection with the private offering
|
|
$
|
7,294,836
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Conversion of convertible debt and accrued interest into common stock
|
|
$
|
1,340,185
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock
|
|
$
|
432,383
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Exchange of common stock equivalents for common stock
|
|
$
|
96
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Accrued interest reclassified to convertible notes principal
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
99,702
|
|
Accrued interest reclassified to convertible notes, related party principal
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
8,129
|
|
Recognition of beneficial conversion feature as loss on extinguishment of convertible note principal
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
339,200
|
|
Redemption premium and restructuring fee recognized as an increase in convertible note principal
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
557,444
|
|
Proceeds from loans payable paid directly to vendors in satisfaction of accounts payable
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
7,537
|
|
Proceeds from loans payable - related parties paid directly to vendors in satisfaction of accounts payable
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
9,263
|
|
Increase in loans payable in satisfaction of certain accounts payable
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
3,000
|
|
Security deposit applied to accounts payable
|
|
$
|
7,030
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
NOTE
1 - BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
180
Life Sciences Corp., formerly known as KBL Merger Corp. IV (“180LS”, or together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”),
was a blank check company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 7, 2016. The Company was formed for the purpose
of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or
more businesses.
180
Life Corp. (“180”, f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp. and CannBioRx Life Sciences Corp.) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company
and was incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 28, 2019. The Company is located in the United States (“U.S.”)
and is a medical pharmaceutical company focused upon unmet medical needs in the areas of inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and chronic
pain by employing innovative research and, where appropriate, combination therapies, through 180’s three wholly-owned subsidiaries,
180 Therapeutics L.P. (“180 LP”), CannBioRex Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“CBR Pharma”), and Katexco Pharmaceuticals
Corp. (“Katexco”). 180 LP, CBR Pharma and Katexco are together, the “180 Subsidiaries.” Katexco was incorporated
on March 7, 2018 under the provisions of the British Corporation Act of British Columbia. Additionally, 180’s wholly-owned subsidiaries
Katexco Callco, ULC, Katexco Purchaseco, ULC, CannBioRex Callco, ULC, and CannBioRex Purchaseco, ULC were formed in the Canadian Province
of British Columbia on May 31, 2019 to facilitate the acquisition of Katexco, CBR Pharma and 180 LP.
180
LP is a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of biologic therapies for the treatment of fibrosis.
CBR Pharma is a pharmaceutical research company specializing in the clinical development of synthetic pharmaceutical grade cannabinoid
compounds for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and related arthritic diseases. Katexco is a medical pharmaceutical company researching
and developing orally available therapies harnessing nicotinic receptors to treat inflammatory diseases.
NOTE
2 - GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLANS
The Company has not generated any revenues and
has incurred significant losses since inception. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company incurred a net loss of $16,198,585
and used $6,330,045 of cash in operations. As of March 31, 2021, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $64,556,223 and a working capital
deficit of $25,324,166. The Company expects to invest a significant amount of capital to fund research and development. As a result, the
Company expects that its operating expenses will increase significantly, and consequently will require significant revenues to become
profitable. Even if the Company does become profitable, it may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual
basis. The Company cannot predict when, if ever, it will be profitable. There can be no assurance that the intellectual property of the
Company, or other technologies it may acquire, will meet applicable regulatory standards, obtain required regulatory approvals, be capable
of being produced in commercial quantities at reasonable costs, or be successfully marketed. The Company plans to undertake additional
laboratory studies with respect to the intellectual property, and there can be no assurance that the results from such studies or trials
will result in a commercially viable product or will not identify unwanted side effects.
A
continuation or worsening of the levels of market disruption and volatility seen in the recent past as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic
could have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to access capital, on the Company’s business, results of operations
and financial condition. Management continues to monitor the developments and has taken active measures to protect the health of the
Company’s employees, their families and the Company’s communities. The ultimate impact will depend heavily on the duration
of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health responses, the efficacy of vaccines, the availability thereof, and the willingness of individuals
to receive such vaccines, as well as the substance and pace of macroeconomic recovery, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict
considering the continuing evolving landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health responses to contain it.
Management
has evaluated, and will continue to evaluate, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry and has concluded that while it is
reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position or results of its operations,
the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of these condensed consolidated financial statements. To date, only the
follow-up time for patient data for the Phase 2b Dupuytren’s disease clinical trial has been delayed as a result of COVID-19, but
such follow-up is now completed. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from
the outcome of this uncertainty.
These
condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption of a going concern, which assumes that the Company
will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company’s ability to continue
its operations is dependent upon obtaining new financing for its ongoing operations. Future financing options available to the Company
include equity financings and loans and if the Company is unable to obtain such additional financing timely, or on favorable terms, the
Company may have to curtail its development, marketing and promotional activities, which would have a material adverse effect on its
business, financial condition and results of operations, and it could ultimately be forced to discontinue its operations and liquidate.
These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time,
which is defined as within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Realization of the
Company’s assets may be substantially different from the carrying amounts presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements
and the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may become necessary, should the
Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
NOTE
3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Significant
Accounting Policies
There
have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as set forth in the Company’s audited consolidated
financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, except as disclosed in this
note.
Basis
of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated
financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include
all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management,
the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments which are considered necessary for a fair presentation
of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of March 31, 2021, and for the three months ended March
31, 2021 and 2020. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the operating
results for the full year ending December 31, 2021 or any other period. For additional information, these condensed consolidated financial
statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements of and notes thereto included
in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on July 9,
2021.
On
November 6, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”)
pursuant to which, among other things, a subsidiary of the Company merged with and into 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving entity
and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”, and the Company prior to the Merger sometimes referred to herein
as “KBL”). The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, and 180
is deemed to be the accounting acquirer. Consequently, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that
are reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements prior to the Business Combination are those of 180 Life Corp. and
its subsidiaries. The preferred stock, common stock, additional paid in capital and earnings per share amount in these consolidated financial
statements for the period prior to the Business Combination have been restated to reflect the recapitalization in accordance with the
shares issued to the shareholders of the former parent, 180 Life Corp. as a result of the Business Combination.
The
condensed consolidated financial statements include the historical accounts of 180 Life Corp. as accounting acquirer along with its wholly
owned subsidiaries, and, effective with the closing of the Business Combination, 180LS as the accounting acquiree. All intercompany transactions
and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Foreign
Currency Translation
The Company’s reporting currency is the
United States dollar. The functional currency of certain subsidiaries is the Canadian Dollar (“CAD”) or British Pound (“GBP”).
Assets and liabilities are translated based on the exchange rates at the balance sheet date (0.7941 and 0.7056 for the CAD, 1.3766 and
1.2373 for the GBP, each as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively), while expense accounts are translated at the weighted average exchange
rate for the period (0.7896 and 0.7455 for the CAD and 1.3784 and 1.2805 for the GBP for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021
and 2020, respectively). Equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recognized
in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the
change in equity of an entity from all sources other than investments by owners or distributions to owners and includes foreign currency
translation adjustments as described above. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded other comprehensive
gain (loss) of $189,348 and ($1,844,205), respectively, as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments.
Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from
transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are included in results of operations. The Company
recorded $11,148 and $5,334 of foreign currency transaction gains for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Such
amounts have been classified within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive loss.
Net
Loss Per Common Share
Basic
net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders
by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding
if the common share equivalents had been issued (computed using the treasury stock or if converted method), if dilutive.
The
following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion
would have been anti-dilutive:
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
2020
|
|
Options
|
|
|
1,630,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
8,628,908
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Convertible
debt (a)
|
|
|
100,361
|
|
|
|
888,187
|
|
Total
|
|
|
10,359,269
|
|
|
|
888,187
|
|
(a)
|
Represents
shares issuable upon conversion of debt at variable conversion prices, which were calculated
using the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the respective balance sheet
date.
|
Warrant,
Option and Convertible Instrument Valuation
The
Company has computed the fair value of warrants, options, convertible notes and convertible preferred stock issued using the Monte-Carlo
and Black-Scholes option pricing models. The expected term used for warrants, convertible notes and convertible preferred stock are the
contractual life and the expected term used for options issued is the estimated period of time that options granted are expected to be
outstanding. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla”
option grants. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period
of time, equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry.
The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent
with the expected term of the instrument being valued.
Subsequent
Events
The
Company has evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before these financial statements were issued. Based
upon that evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment
or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 12, Subsequent Events.
Reclassification
Certain
prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on
previously reported results of operations or loss per share.
NOTE
4 - ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued
expenses consist of the following as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
2020
|
|
Consulting
fees
|
|
$
|
1,391,923
|
|
|
$
|
1,718,559
|
|
Professional
fees
|
|
|
658,069
|
|
|
|
1,261,751
|
|
Employee
and director compensation
|
|
|
582,878
|
|
|
|
878,292
|
|
Research
and development fees
|
|
|
134,072
|
|
|
|
17,817
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
104,434
|
|
|
|
184,576
|
|
Patent
costs
|
|
|
8,974
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Travel
expenses
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
Other
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
45,321
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,884,950
|
|
|
$
|
4,110,916
|
|
As
of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued expenses - related parties were $512,992 and $454,951, respectively. As of March 31,
2021, accrued expenses – related parties consisted primarily of professional fees and services. See Note 11 – Related Parties
for details.
NOTE
5 - ACCRUED ISSUABLE EQUITY
A summary of the accrued issuable equity activity during the three
months ended March 31, 2021 is presented below:
Balance
at January 1, 2021
|
|
$
|
43,095
|
|
Reclassification
to equity
|
|
|
(43,095
|
)
|
Balance
at March 31, 2021
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
There
was no accrued issuable equity activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
NOTE
6 - DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES
The
following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 derivative liabilities that are measured at fair value
on a recurring basis:
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Convertible Notes
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2021
|
|
$
|
4,217,170
|
|
|
$
|
225,800
|
|
|
$
|
4,442,970
|
|
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities in connection with conversion of debt
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(591,203
|
)
|
|
|
(591,203
|
)
|
Warrants issued in private offering
|
|
|
7,294,836
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,294,836
|
|
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
12,573,904
|
|
|
|
665,404
|
|
|
|
13,229,308
|
|
Ending balance as of March 31, 2021
|
|
$
|
24,085,910
|
|
|
$
|
290,001
|
|
|
$
|
24,375,911
|
|
The
fair value of the derivative liabilities as of March 31, 2021 was estimated using the Monte-Carlo and Black Scholes option price models,
with the following assumptions used:
|
|
For the
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
2021
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
0.00% - 0.92%
|
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
0.02 – 4.90
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
85% - 192%
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
0%
|
|
Between
January 15, 2021 and February 5, 2021, the fair value of derivative liabilities extinguished in connection with the conversion of debt
were estimated using the Monte-Carlo and Black Scholes option price models with the following assumptions used:
|
|
January 15, 2021
to
|
|
|
|
February 5,
2021
|
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
0.00% - 0.14%
|
|
Expected
term (years)
|
|
0.02 - 0.18
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
120% - 161%
|
|
Expected
dividends
|
|
0%
|
|
AGP
Warrants
In
connection with the closing of the Business Combination on November 6, 2020, the Company became obligated to assume five-year warrants
for the purchase of 63,658 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $5.28 per share (the “AGP Warrant
Liability”) that had originally been issued by KBL to an investment banking firm in connection with a prior private placement.
On March 12, 2021, the Company issued a warrant
to AGP (the “AGP Warrant”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 63,658 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase
price of $5.28 per share, subject to adjustment, in full satisfaction of the AGP Warrant Liability. The purchase of shares pursuant to
the AGP Warrant is limited at any given time not to exceed a beneficial ownership of 4.99% of the then total number of issued and outstanding
shares of the Company’s common stock. The AGP Warrant is exercisable at any time between May 2, 2021 and May 2, 2025. The newly
issued AGP Warrant did not meet the requirements for equity classification due to the existence of a tender offer provision that could
potentially result in cash settlement of the AGP Warrant that did not meet the limited exception in the case of a change-in-control. Accordingly,
the AGP Warrant will continue to be liability-classified. The AGP Warrant was revalued on March 31, 2021 at $403,332 which resulted in
a $237,436 increase in the fair value of the derivative liabilities.
Warrants Issued in Private Offering
On February 23, 2021, the Company issued
five-year warrants (the “PIPE Warrants”) to purchase 2,564,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per
share in connection with the private offering (see Note 10 – Stockholders’ Equity – Common Stock). The PIPE
Warrants did not meet the requirements for equity classification due to the existence of a tender offer provision that could
potentially result in cash settlement of the PIPE Warrants that didn’t meet the limited exception in the case of a
change-in-control. Accordingly, the Company reclassified the $7,294,836 fair value of the PIPE Warrants, which was determined using
the Black-Scholes option pricing model, from additional paid-in-capital to derivative liabilities. The PIPE Warrants were revalued
on March 31, 2021 at $11,876,704 which resulted in a $4,581,868 change in the fair value of derivative liabilities. The following
assumptions were used to value the PIPE Warrants at issuance:
|
|
February 23,
2021
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
0.59%
|
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
5.00
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
85.0%
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
0.0%
|
|
NOTE
7 - LOANS PAYABLE
Loans
Payable
The
below table summarizes the activity of loans payable during the three months ended March 31, 2021:
|
|
Principal
Balance at
December 31,
2020
|
|
|
Repayments
|
|
|
Effect of
Foreign
Exchange
Rates
|
|
|
Principal
Balance at
March 31,
2021
|
|
Kingsbrook
|
|
$
|
150,000
|
|
|
$
|
(150,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Paycheck Protection Program
|
|
|
53,051
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
53,051
|
|
Bounce back loan scheme
|
|
|
68,245
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
68,827
|
|
Other loans payable
|
|
|
810,913
|
|
|
|
(218,532
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
592,381
|
|
Total loans payable
|
|
|
1,082,209
|
|
|
|
(368,532
|
)
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
714,259
|
|
Less: loans payable - current portion
|
|
|
968,446
|
|
|
|
(362,151
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
606,295
|
|
Loans payable - non-current portion
|
|
$
|
113,763
|
|
|
$
|
(6,381
|
)
|
|
$
|
582
|
|
|
$
|
107,964
|
|
On
March 3, 2021, the Company repaid the Kingsbrook loans payable in cash for an aggregate of $166,313, which included the principal of
$150,000 and accrued interest of $16,313.
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company paid an aggregate of $218,532 in partial satisfaction of other loans payable.
Loans Payable- Related Parties
The below table summarizes the activity of loans
payable - related parties during the three months ended March 31, 2021:
|
|
Principal
Balance at
December 31,
2020
|
|
|
Effect
of
Foreign
Exchange
Rates
|
|
|
Principal
Balance at
March 31,
2021
|
|
Loans
payable issued between
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September
18, 2019 through November 4, 2020
|
|
$
|
513,082
|
|
|
$
|
1,058
|
|
|
$
|
514,140
|
|
On February 10, 2021, the Company entered into
amended loan agreements to modify the terms of certain loan agreements in the aggregate principal amount of $432,699, previously entered
into with Sir Marc Feldmann and Dr. Lawrence Steinman, the Co-Executive Chairmen of the Board of Directors. The loan agreements were extended
and modified to be paid back at the Company’s discretion, either by 1) repayment in cash, or 2) by converting the outstanding amounts
into shares of common stock at the same price per share as the next financing transaction. Subsequently, on February 25, 2021, and effective
as of the date of the original February 10, 2021 amendments, the Company determined that such amendments were entered into in error and
each of Sir Feldmann and Dr. Steinman rescinded such February 10, 2021 amendments. See Note 12 – Subsequent Events.
Interest
Expense on Loans Payable
For
the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized interest expense and interest expense — related parties associated
with the loans of $8,257 and $10,103, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized interest expense
and interest expense — related parties associated with the loans of $14,885 and $6,638, respectively.
As
of March 31, 2021, the Company had accrued interest and accrued interest — related parties associated with the loans of $16,946
and $47,694, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had accrued interest and accrued interest — related parties
associated with the loans of $24,824 and $37,539, respectively. See Note 11 — Related Parties for additional details.
NOTE
8 - CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE
The
below table summarizes the activity of convertible notes payable during the three months ended March 31, 2021:
|
|
Principal
Balance December 31,
2020
|
|
|
Converted
to Equity
|
|
|
Principal
Balance March 31,
2021
|
|
Dominion
|
|
$
|
833,334
|
|
|
$
|
(833,334
|
)
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Kingsbrook
|
|
|
101,000
|
|
|
|
(101,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Alpha
Capital
|
|
|
616,111
|
|
|
|
(300,000
|
)
|
|
|
316,111
|
|
Convertible
bridge notes
|
|
|
365,750
|
|
|
|
(365,750
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Total
Convertible Notes Payable
|
|
$
|
1,916,195
|
|
|
$
|
(1,600,084
|
)
|
|
$
|
316,111
|
|
Dominion,
Kingsbrook and Alpha Convertible Promissory Notes
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, certain noteholders elected to convert certain convertible notes payable with an aggregate principal
balance of $1,234,334 and an aggregate accrued interest balance of $105,850 into an aggregate of 467,123 shares of the Company’s
common stock at conversion prices ranging from $2.45-$3.29 per share. The shares issued upon the conversion of the convertible promissory
notes had a fair value at issuance of $1,941,125. In connection with the conversion of convertible notes payable, derivative liabilities
in the amount of $591,203 related to the bifurcated embedded conversion feature of such notes were extinguished. The Company recorded
a loss on extinguishment of convertible notes payable of $9,737 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as a result of the conversion
of debt and the extinguishment of the related derivative liabilities.
Bridge
Notes
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, certain noteholders elected to convert bridge notes with an aggregate principal balance of $365,750
and an aggregate accrued interest balance of $66,633 into an aggregate of 158,383 shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion
price of $2.73 per share.
Default on Convertible Notes
On February 3, 2021, there was an event of default
in connection with the Alpha Capital convertible note (the “Alpha Capital Note”), which resulted in an increase in the settlement
value of the Alpha Capital Note. The additional liability is accounted for as a bifurcated derivative. See Note 6, Derivative Liabilities,
and Note 12, Subsequent Events.
Interest
on Convertible Notes
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded interest expense of $104,676 and $138,031, respectively, related
to convertible notes payable, and recorded interest expense - related parties of $3,846 and $13,210, respectively, related to convertible
notes payable - related parties.
As
of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued interest related to convertible notes payable was $85,087 and $182,181, respectively,
and accrued interest expense - related parties related to convertible notes payable - related parties was $90,845 and $124,833, which
is included in accrued expenses and accrued expenses - related parties, respectively, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance
sheets.
NOTE
9 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
and Other Loss Contingencies
The
Company records liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources when
it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has no liabilities
recorded for loss contingencies as of March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
Potential
Legal Matters
Action
against former executives of KBL
The Company may initiate legal action against
former executives of KBL for non-disclosure in the KBL original June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020 Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q of
the matters disclosed in Note 14 (as restated) of the September 30, 2020 financial statements in the amended Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q filed on February 5, 2021. If such legal action is initiated, the Company would seek damages to cover, at a minimum, the unrecorded
and contingent liability obligations and legal fees. There can be no assurance that, if such legal action is initiated, the Company will
be successful in its legal actions.
Action
against Tyche Capital LLC
The
Company has initiated legal action against Tyche Capital LLC (“Tyche”) for breaching its obligations under a term sheet entered
into between KBL, KBL IV Sponsor, LLC, 180 and Tyche on April 10, 2019 and for breaching its obligations under the Guarantee and Commitment
Agreement entered into between KBL and Tyche on July 25, 2019. The Company is seeking damages to bring the net tangible asset balance
of KBL as of November 6, 2020, the closing date of the Business Combination, to $5,000,001. There can be no assurance that the Company
will be successful in its legal actions.
On May 17, 2021, Tyche filed a counterclaim against
the Company alleging that it was the Company, rather than Tyche, that had breached the Guarantee and Commitment Agreement
entered into between KBL and Tyche on July 25, 2019. Tyche also filed a complaint
against six third-party defendants, including three members of the Company’s management, Sir Marc Feldman, Dr. James Woody, and Ozan Pamir,
claiming that they allegedly breached fiduciary duties to Tyche with regards to the Guarantee and Commitment Agreement.
The Company denies all of such claims, as do the three individual members of the Company’s management, and will vigorously defend against
all of Tyche’s claims.
Cantor
Fitzgerald & Co. Breach of Contract
On February 27, 2018, KBL entered into a service
contract with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“CF&CO”) whereby CF&CO would receive a transaction fee in cash arising
out of any contemplated business combination by the Company. On July 25, 2019, KBL entered into the Business Combination Agreement whereby
CF&CO became entitled to a transaction fee of $1,500,000 (the “Transaction Fee”). On November 6, 2020, the Company and
CF&CO entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) whereby CF&CO agreed to release the Company
from the obligation to pay the Transaction Fee in cash and to instead accept 150,000 fully paid shares of the Company’s common stock,
but only if the Company would take all necessary action to permit the sale of the Shares by filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”) a shelf registration statement within 30 days following the closing of the merger. On November 6, 2020, the Company
closed the merger and in breach of the Settlement Agreement, did not file a registration statement with the SEC within 30 days of the
November 6, 2020 closing, due to the need to restate the previously filed KBL financial statements.
In April 2021, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”)
filed a complaint against the Company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York (Index No. 652709/2021), alleging
causes of action against the Company relating to the claimed breach of a fee agreement between the parties from February 2018 which required
the Company to pay Cantor a transaction fee in cash in the event the Company completed a business transaction, as well as the alleged
breach of a settlement agreement subsequently entered into with Cantor as described above. The complaint seeks $1,500,000 in damages,
pre-and-post judgment interest and attorneys’ fees.
On April 4, 2021, the Company received a court
summons in connection with the alleged breach of the settlement agreement pursuant to which Cantor is currently pursuing litigation. The
Company plans to file a response with the court pursuant to an extension that was granted to file an answer. The Company believes it has
meritorious defenses to the allegations, and the Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against the litigation. Further, the
Company believes that it has counterclaims against Cantor and plans to plead such counterclaims in defense of claims raised. The outcome
of the matter is currently unknown. The Company is in discussions with Cantor regarding the registration of the 150,000 shares that have
been issued to Cantor and hopes to resolve this dispute by registering the shares that have been issued to Cantor, of which there is no
assurance.
Convertible Promissory Note
The holder of the Alpha Convertible Note has alleged that the default
event described in Note 9, Convertible Notes Payable, also applies to $300,000 of principal that was converted on February 4, 2021, which
would result in an additional increase to the settlement amount of the Alpha Convertible Note. The Company is in discussions with the
noteholder regarding this dispute.
Operating
Leases
The Company leased office space in London, UK
through an operating lease agreement, which was terminated pursuant to the terms of the lease in August 2020. Total operating lease expenses
were $0 and $17,397 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 and is recorded in general and administrative expenses
on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Consulting
Agreement
On February 22, 2021, the Company entered into
a consultancy agreement (as amended, the “Consulting Agreement”) with a related party (the “Consultant”). The
Consulting Agreement is effective December 1, 2020.
Pursuant
to the Consulting Agreement, the Company agreed to pay the Consultant 15,000 British Pounds (GBP) per month (approximately $20,800) during
the term of the agreement, increasing to 23,000 GBP per month (approximately $32,000) on the date (a) of publication of the data from
the phase 2b clinical trial for Dupuytren’s disease (RIDD) and (b) the date that the Company has successfully raised over $15 million
in capital. The Company also agreed to pay the Consultant the following bonus amounts:
|
●
|
The sum of £100,000 (approximately $138,000) upon submission of the Dupuytren’s disease clinical trial data for publication in a peer-reviewed journal (“Bonus 1”);
|
|
●
|
The
sum of £434,673 GBP (approximately $605,000) (“Bonus 2”), which is earned
and payable upon the Company raising a minimum of $15 million in additional funding, through
the sale of debt or equity, after December 1, 2020 (the “Vesting Date”). Bonus
2 is payable within 30 days of the Vesting Date and shall be and shall not be accrued, due
or payable prior to the Vesting Date. Bonus 2 is payable, at the election of the Consultant,
at least 50% (fifty percent) in shares of the Company’s common stock, at the lower
of (i) $3.00 per share, or (ii) the trading price on the date of the grant, with the remainder
paid in GBP.
|
|
●
|
The
sum of £5,000 (approximately $7,000) on enrollment of the first patient to the phase
2 frozen shoulder trial (“Bonus 3”); and
|
|
●
|
The
sum of £5,000 (approximately $7,000) for enrollment of the first patient to the phase
2 delirium/POCD trial (“Bonus 4”).
|
The
Consulting Agreement has an initial term of three years, and renews thereafter for additional three-year terms, until terminated as provided
in the agreement. The Consulting Agreement can be terminated by either party with 12 months prior written notice (provided the Company’s
right to terminate the agreement may only be exercised if the Consultant fails to perform his required duties under the Consulting Agreement),
or by the Company immediately under certain conditions specified in the Consulting Agreement if (a) the Consultant fails or neglects
efficiently and diligently to perform the services required thereunder or is guilty of any breach of its or his obligations under the
agreement (including any consent granted under it); (b) the Consultant is guilty of any fraud or dishonesty or acts in a manner (whether
in the performance of the services or otherwise) which, in the reasonable opinion of the Company, has brought or is likely to bring the
Consultant, the Company or any of its affiliates into disrepute or is convicted of an arrestable offence (other than a road traffic offence
for which a non-custodial penalty is imposed); or (c) the Consultant becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his
creditors. If the Consulting Agreement is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause, the Consultant is entitled to a
lump sum payment of 12 months of his fee as at the date of termination.
Effective March 30, 2021, in satisfaction of amounts
owed to the Consultant for 50% of Bonus 2, the Company issued 100,699 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Consultant. Additionally,
on April 15, 2021, in satisfaction of amounts owed to the Consultant for an additional 19% of Bonus 2, the Company issued 37,715 of the
Company’s common stock to the Consultant. The remainder of Bonus 2 will be due to the Consultant at such time as the Company has
raised $15 million, which obligation was waived by the Company in connection with the issuance of the shares described above.
Employment
Agreement of Chief Executive Officer
On
February 25, 2021, the Company entered into an amended agreement with the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the “CEO”)
(the “A&R Agreement”), dated February 24, 2021, and effective November 6, 2020, which replaced the CEO’s prior
agreement with the Company. Pursuant to the A&R Agreement, the CEO agreed to serve as an officer of the Company for a term of three
years, which is automatically renewable thereafter for additional one-year periods, unless either party provides the other at least 90
days written notice of their intent to not renew the agreement. The CEO’s annual base salary under the agreement will initially
be $450,000 per year, with automatic increases of 5% per annum.
The
CEO is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, with a target bonus equal to 45% of his then-current base salary, based upon the Company’s
achievement of performance and management objectives as set and approved by the Board of Directors and/or Compensation Committee in consultation
with the CEO. At the CEO’s option, the annual bonus can be paid in cash or the equivalent value of the Company’s common stock
or a combination. The Board of Directors, as recommended by the Compensation Committee, may also award the CEO bonuses from time to time
(in stock, options, cash, or other forms of consideration) in its discretion. Under the A&R Agreement, the CEO is also eligible to
participate in any stock option plans and receive other equity awards, as determined by the Board of Directors from time to time.
The
A&R agreement can be terminated any time by the Company for cause (subject to the cure provisions of the agreement), or without cause
(with 60 days prior written notice to the CEO), by the CEO for good reason (as described in the agreement, and subject to the cure provisions
of the agreement), or by the CEO without good reason. The agreement also expires automatically at the end of the initial term or any
renewal term if either party provides notice of non-renewal as discussed above.
In
the event the A&R Agreement is terminated without cause by the Company, or by the CEO for good reason, the Company agreed to pay
him the lesser of 18 months of salary or the remaining term of the agreement, the payment of any accrued bonus from the prior year, his
pro rata portion of any current year’s bonus and health insurance premiums for the same period that he is to receive severance
payments (as discussed above).
The
A&R Agreement contains standard and customary invention assignment, indemnification, confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions,
which remain in effect for a period of 24 months following the termination of his agreement.
Employment
Agreement of Chief Financial Officer
On
February 25, 2021, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “CFO Agreement”) dated February 24, 2021, and effective
November 6, 2020, with the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the agreement, the CFO agreed to serve as the
Interim Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) of the Company for an initial salary of $300,000 per year, subject to increase to
a mutually determined amount upon the closing of a new financing as well as annual increases.
Under
the agreement, the CFO is eligible to receive an annual bonus, in a targeted amount of 30% of his then salary, based upon the Company’s
achievement of performance and management objectives as set and approved by the CEO, in consultation with the CFO. The bonus amount is
subject to adjustment. The Board of Directors, as recommended by the Compensation Committee of the Company (and/or the Compensation Committee),
may also award the CFO bonuses from time to time (in stock, options, cash, or other forms of consideration) in its discretion. Under
the CFO Agreement, the CFO is also eligible to participate in any stock option plans and receive other equity awards, as determined by
the Board of Directors from time to time. As of March 31, 2021, the Company recorded $15,750 of accrued bonus payable to the CFO.
The
agreement can be terminated any time by the Company with or without cause with 60 days prior written notice and may be terminated by
the CFO at any time with 60 days prior written notice. The agreement may also be terminated by the Company with six days’ notice
in the event the agreement is terminated for cause under certain circumstances. Upon the termination of the CFO’s agreement by
the Company without cause or by the CFO for good reason, the Company agreed to pay him three months of severance pay.
The
agreement contains standard and customary invention assignment, indemnification, confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions, which
remain in effect for a period of 24 months following the termination of his agreement.
NOTE
10 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common
Stock
Sale
of Common Stock in Private Offering
On February 19, 2021, the Company entered into
a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell an
aggregate of 2,564,000 shares of common stock (the “Shares”) and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares
of common stock (the “PIPE Warrants”), at a combined purchase price of $4.55 per share and PIPE Warrant (the “Private
Offering”). The Private Offering closed on February 23, 2021. Aggregate gross proceeds from the Private Offering were approximately
$11.7 million. Net proceeds to the Company from the Private Offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering
expenses payable by the Company, were $10.7 million. The placement agent fees and offering expenses were accounted for as a reduction
of additional paid in capital.
The PIPE Warrants have
an exercise price equal to $5.00 per share, are immediately exercisable and are subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments for stock
splits or dividends or other similar transactions. However, the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants will not be subject to adjustment
as a result of subsequent equity issuances at effective prices lower than the then-current exercise price. The PIPE Warrants are exercisable
for 5 years following the closing date. The PIPE Warrants are subject to a provision prohibiting the exercise of such Warrants to the
extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, the holder of such Warrant (together with the holder’s affiliates, and any other
persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder’s affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of 4.99%
of the Company’s outstanding common stock (which may be increased to 9.99% on a holder by holder basis, with 61 days prior written
consent of the applicable holder). The PIPE Warrants were determined to be liability-classified (see Note 6 – Derivative Liabilities
– Warrants Issued in Private Offering). Of the $968,930 of placement agent fees and offering expenses, $364,812 was allocated to
the common stock and $604,118 was allocated to the warrant liabilities. Because the PIPE Warrants are liability classified, the $604,118
allocated to the warrants was immediately expensed.
In connection with the Private Offering, the Company
also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2021, with the Purchasers (the “Registration Rights
Agreement”). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on or prior to April 24, 2021 to register the resale of the Shares and the shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”), and to cause such registration statement to be declared
effective on or prior to June 23, 2021 (or, in the event of a “full review” by the SEC, August 22, 2021). The Company
is currently in default of the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement as the registration statement to register the Shares and Warrant
Shares was not filed by April 24, 2021. As a result of this default, the Company is required to pay damages to the Purchasers in the aggregate
amount of $174,993 each month, up to a maximum of $583,310, beginning on April 24, 2021 and until such date that the registration statement
is filed with the SEC.
Common
Stock Issued for Services
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate 197,790 of immediately vested shares of the Company’s common
stock as compensation to consultants, directors, and officers, with an aggregate issuance date fair value of $925,404 which was charged
immediately to the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Common
Stock Issued Upon Exchange of Common Stock Equivalents
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company issued 959,809 shares of its common stock upon the exchange of common stock equivalents.
Convertible
Note Conversions
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, certain noteholders elected to convert certain convertible notes payable with an aggregate principal
balance of $1,234,334 and an aggregate accrued interest balance of $105,850 into an aggregate of 467,123 shares of the Company’s
common stock at conversion prices ranging from $2.45-$3.29 per share, pursuant to the terms of such notes. (See Note 8 – Convertible
Notes Payable).
Bridge
Note Conversions
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, certain noteholders elected to convert bridge notes with an aggregate principal balance of $365,750
and an aggregate accrued interest balance of $66,633 into an aggregate of 158,383 shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion
price of $2.73 per share, pursuant to the terms of such notes. (see Note 8 - Convertible Notes Payable).
Stock
Options
On
February 26, 2021, the Company issued ten-year options to purchase an aggregate of 1,580,000 shares of the Company’s common stock
to two officers of the Company. The options have an exercise price of $4.43 per share and shall vest at the rate of (a) 1/5th of such
Options on the date of grant; and (b) the remaining 4/5th of such options ratably on a monthly basis over the following 36 months on
the last day of each calendar month; provided, however, that the equity awards will vest immediately upon executive’s death or
disability. The options had a grant date fair value of $5,280,632, which will be recognized over the vesting term.
The
assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation method were as follows:
|
|
For
the
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021
|
|
Risk free interest rate
|
|
0.75%
|
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
5.27 - 5.38
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
100%
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
0%
|
|
The Company recognized stock-based compensation
expense related to the stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 of $1,092,399 and $0, respectively, which is included
within general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2021, there was $3,803,903
of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense that will be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 2.88 years.
NOTE
11 - RELATED PARTIES
Due
from Related Parties
Due from related parties
was $300,000 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and consists of a receivable due from a research and development company that
has shared officers and directors.
Accounts
Payable - Related Parties
Accounts
payable - related parties was $236,534 as of March 31, 2021 and consists of $217,189 for professional services provided by the Company’s
directors and $19,345 for accounting fees for services provided by a director and his company. Accounts payable - related parties was
$215,495 as of December 31, 2020 and consists of $196,377 for professional services provided by the Company’s directors and $19,118
for accounting fees for services provided by a director and his company.
Accrued
Expenses - Related Parties
Accrued
expenses - related parties was $512,992 as of March 31, 2021 and consists of $138,538 of interest accrued on loans and convertible notes
due to certain officers and directors of the Company and $374,454 of accrued professional fees for services provided by certain directors
of the Company. Accrued expenses - related parties of $454,951 as of December 31, 2020, consists of $124,833 of interest accrued on loans
and convertible notes due to certain officers and directors of the Company and $330,118 of accrued professional fees for services provided
by certain directors of the Company.
Loans
Payable - Related Parties
Loans
payable - related parties consists of $514,140 and $513,082 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Please refer to
Note 7 - Loan Payables for more information.
Convertible
Notes Payable - Related Parties
Convertible
notes payable - related parties of $270,000 and $270,000 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, represents the principal
balance of convertible notes owed to certain officers and directors of the Company.
Research and Development Expenses – Related
Parties
During the three months ended March 31,
2021, the Company incurred $267,056 of research and development expenses in connection with professional fees paid to current or
former officers, directors or greater than 10% investors, or affiliates thereof.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020,
the Company incurred $30,605 of research and development expenses related to professional fees paid to current or former officers, directors
or greater than 10% investors, or affiliates thereof.
General
and Administrative Expenses - Related Parties
During the three months ended March 31, 2021,
the Company incurred $39,120 of general and administrative expenses related to professional fees paid to current or former officers, directors
or greater than 10% investors, or affiliates thereof.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020,
the Company incurred $68,067 of general and administrative expenses related to professional fees paid to current or former officers, directors
or greater than 10% investors, or affiliates thereof.
Other
Income - Related Parties
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $0 and $240,000, respectively, of other income related to a one-year
research and development agreement with a company who shares common officers and directors with the Company.
Interest
Expense - Related Parties
During
the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded $13,949 of interest expense - related parties, of which $11,526 related to
interest on certain convertible notes held by officers and directors of the Company and $2,423 related to interest expense on loans from
officers, directors and a greater than 10% investor of the Company.
During
the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded $19,848 of interest expense - related parties, of which $13,480 related to
interest on certain convertible notes held by officers and directors of the Company and $6,368 related to interest expense on loans from
officers, directors and a greater than 10% investor of the Company.
NOTE
12 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Common Stock Issued
During April 2021, the Company issued 37,715 shares
of common stock in partial satisfaction of bonuses earned by the Consultant pursuant to the terms of the Consulting Agreement. See Note
9 – Commitments and Contingencies, Consulting Agreement.
Extension
of the Loan Agreements
On April 12, 2021, the Company entered into amended
loan agreements with Sir Marc Feldmann and Dr. Lawrence Steinman, the Co-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, which extended
the date of all of their outstanding loan agreements to September 30, 2021 (see Note 7 – Loans Payable, Loans Payable – Related
Parties).
Cantor
Fitzgerald & Co. Litigation
On April 4, 2021, the Company received a court
summons in connection with the alleged breach of a settlement agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., and Cantor Fitzgerald &
Co. is currently pursuing litigation. See Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies, Potential Legal Matters.
EarlyBird Capital Inc. Settlement Agreement
On
April 23, 2021, the Company settled the amounts due pursuant to a certain finder agreement entered into with EarlyBird Capital, Inc.
(“EarlyBird”) on October 17, 2017 (the “Finder Agreement”). The Company’s Board of Directors
determined it was in the best interests to settle all claims which had been made or could be made with respect to the Finder
Agreement and entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”). Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement,
the Company paid EarlyBird a cash payment of $275,000 and issued 225,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock to
EarlyBird.
Larsen
Consulting Agreement
On
April 29, 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Glenn Larsen, the former Chief Executive Officer of 180 Therapeutics
LP, to act in the capacity as negotiator for the licensing of four patents. In consideration for services provided, the Company agreed
to compensate Mr. Larsen with $50,000 of its restricted common stock (valued based on the closing sales price of the Company’s
common stock on the date the Board of Directors approved the agreement, which shares have not been issued to date) which vests upon the
Company entering into a licensing transaction with the assistance of Mr. Larsen.
Legal
Action
On May 17, 2021, Tyche Capital LLC (“Tyche”)
who had previously entered into a Guarantee and Commitment Agreement with the Company, filed counterclaims against the Company claiming
breaches of fiduciary duties, and is seeking compensatory damages. See Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies, Potential Legal Matters.
Application
for Forgiveness of the Paycheck Protection Program Loan
On
May 19, 2021, the Company applied for loan forgiveness for the amount of $51,051 in connection with amounts borrowed by Katexco under
the Paycheck Protection Program. The result of the application has not yet been determined.
University
of Oxford Agreement
On
May 24, 2021, the Company entered into another research agreement with Oxford (the “Fifth Oxford Agreement”), pursuant to
which the Company will sponsor work at the University of Oxford to conduct a multi-center, randomized, double blind, parallel group,
feasibility study of anti-TNF injection for the treatment of adults with frozen shoulder during the pain-predominant phase. As consideration,
the Company agreed to make the following payments to Oxford:
|
|
Amount Due
|
|
Milestone
|
|
(excluding
VAT)
|
|
Upon
signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
6
months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
12
months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
24
months post signing of the Fifth Oxford Agreement
|
|
£
|
70,546
|
|
PART
II — INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13.
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The
following table sets forth the expenses expected to be incurred by us in connection with the issuance and distribution of the common
stock registered hereby, all of which expenses, except for the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, are estimates:
SEC registration fee
|
|
$
|
11,777
|
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
$
|
30,000
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
$
|
30,000
|
|
Miscellaneous fees and expenses
|
|
$
|
8,223
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
80,000
|
|
Item 14.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 145
of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) authorizes a court to award, or a corporation’s board of directors
to grant, indemnity to directors and officers in terms sufficiently broad to permit such indemnification under certain circumstances
for liabilities, including reimbursement for expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities
Act.
Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for indemnification of our directors, officers, employees and other agents
to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL, and our bylaws provide for indemnification of our directors, officers, employees and other
agents to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL.
In
addition, effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination, as defined in Part I of this registration statement, we have entered
or will enter into indemnification agreements with directors, officers and some employees containing provisions that are in some respects
broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the DGCL. The indemnification agreements will require our company,
among other things, to indemnify our directors against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors
and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified.
Item 15.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
On
March 15, 2019, we issued to our Sponsor an unsecured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $1,087,031. This issuance
was made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. On September 8, 2020, we
amended and restated this note to remove the conversion feature and to provide that such note would be due upon the “Second Closing”
under the June SPA.
In
June 2020, pursuant to an agreement that we entered into with the holder of a convertible promissory note issued by 180 to such
holder, we issued to such holder 404,245 shares of our common stock. We issued the shares without registration under the Securities Act,
based on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) thereof.
On
June 26, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “June SPA”) pursuant to which we issued to two investors
secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,601,966 for an aggregate purchase price of $3,407,522, together
with an aggregate of 650,000 restricted shares of our common stock. Upon the second closing pursuant to the June SPA, following the Closing
of the Business Combination in November 2020, we issued to one of the investors an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of our Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000. We issued the foregoing securities (and the securities issuable upon the
conversion thereof) without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2)
thereof.
On
September 8, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement pursuant to which we issued to the investors signatory thereto secured
convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,111,111 for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000,000, together
with an aggregate of 100,000 restricted shares of our common stock. We issued the foregoing securities (and the securities issuable upon
the conversion thereof) without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2)
thereof.
In
September 2020, we issued to our Sponsor an unsecured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $795,003. Upon the
Closing of the Business Combination, this note automatically converted into 198,751 shares of our common stock. We issued the foregoing
securities without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) thereof.
Upon
the Closing of the Business Combination, we issued an aggregate of 73,623 shares of our common stock to three holders of promissory notes
in the principal amount of approximately $278,509 that were previously issued by 180 upon the automatic conversion of such notes. We
issued such shares of common stock without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration afforded by
Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
Upon
the Closing of the Business Combination, we issued an aggregate of 250,000 shares of our common stock to two vendors in satisfaction
of amounts payable to such vendors. We issued such shares of common stock without registration under the Securities Act, based on the
exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
On
February 19, 2021, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto pursuant
to which we sold to the purchasers an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of
2,564,000 shares of our common stock at a combined purchase price of $4.55 per share and accompanying warrant. The Offering closed on
February 23, 2021. We issued such securities without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration
afforded by Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
In March 2021, we issued:
(i) 14,195 restricted shares of common stock to a consultant for investor relations services rendered; (ii) 1,815 shares of common stock
to an external consultant for investor relations services to be rendered; (iii) 22,870 shares of common stock to external consultants
of our company for services rendered, at a price of $6.34 per share; (iv) 2,503 restricted shares of common stock for director fees due
to Donald A. McGovern, Jr., our lead independent director, in consideration for services rendered; (v) 2,101 restricted shares of common
stock for director fees due to Larry Gold, an independent director, in consideration for services rendered; and (vi) 100,699 restricted
shares of common stock for services rendered in connection with a bonus to Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal, the Chairman of our Clinical Advisory
Committee. We issued such securities without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration afforded
by Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
In March 2021, we issued 158,383
shares of common stock upon the conversion of $432,384 of outstanding convertible notes at a conversion price of $2.73 per share, pursuant
to the terms of such notes. We issued such shares of common stock without registration based on the exemption from registration provided
by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as the securities were exchanged by us with our existing security holders in transactions where
no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such exchange.
In April 2021, we issued 37,715
shares of common stock to Dr. Jagdeep Nanchahal, a consultant, pursuant to the terms of his consulting agreement, as partial consideration
for a bonus owed to Dr. Nanchahal. We issued such securities without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from
registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
Item 16.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
The
exhibits listed on the Index to Exhibits of this Registration Statement are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference to
other filings.
|
(a)
|
Exhibits.
The following exhibits are included herein or incorporated herein by reference.
|
Exhibit No.
|
|
Description
|
2.1
|
|
Business Combination Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2019, by and among KBL Merger Corp. IV, 180, Katexco, CBR Pharma, 180 LP, Merger Sub and the Stockholder Representative (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
2.2
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2020, by and among KBL Merger Corp. IV, 180, Katexco, CBR Pharma, 180 LP, Merger Sub and the Stockholder Representative (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
2.3
|
|
Amendment No. 2 to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of August 7, 2020, by and among KBL Merger Corp. IV, 180, Katexco, CBR Pharma, 180 LP, Merger Sub and the Stockholder Representative (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 13, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
2.4
|
|
Form of Lock-Up Agreement, by and between the Company and certain stockholders of 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).
|
3.1
|
|
Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).
|
3.2
|
|
Bylaws (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-1 filed on April 26, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
4.1
|
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-1 filed on April 26, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
4.2
|
|
Specimen Warrant Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-1 filed on April 26, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
4.3
|
|
Warrant Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2017, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
4.4
|
|
Description of the registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the Commission on July 9, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
4.5
|
|
Form of 10% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (filed as Exhibit 4.8 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
|
4.6
|
|
Form of 10% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
|
4.7
|
|
Form of Warrant issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of February 19, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
5.1
|
|
Opinion of Pryor Cashman LLP.*
|
10.1
|
|
Letter Agreement among the registrant and its officers, directors and certain securityholders (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.2
|
|
Investment Management Trust Account Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.3
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement among the registrant and certain securityholders (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.4
|
|
Securities Subscription Agreement, dated September 7, 2016, between the registrant and KBL IV Sponsor LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-1 filed on April 26, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.5
|
|
Third Amended and Restated Unit Subscription Agreement, dated June 1, 2017, between the registrant and KBL IV Sponsor LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
Exhibit No.
|
|
Description
|
10.6
|
|
Third Amended and Restated Unit Subscription Agreement, dated June 1, 2017, between the registrant and the underwriters of the IPO (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.7
|
|
Form of Indemnity Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-1 filed on April 26, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.8
|
|
Administrative Services Agreement, dated June 1, 2017 between the registrant and KBL IV Sponsor LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.9
|
|
Form of Guarantee and Commitment Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.10#
|
|
Form of Omnibus Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.11
|
|
Promissory Note, dated March 15, 2019 issued to KBL IV Sponsor LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-4 filed on November 12, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.12
|
|
Promissory Note, dated April 10, 2019, issued to 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.13
|
|
Promissory Note, dated August 21, 2019 issued to 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-4 filed on November 12, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.14
|
|
Promissory Note, dated August 28, 2019 issued to 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (filed as Exhibit to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-4 filed on November 12, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.15
|
|
Promissory Note, dated September 30, 2019 issued to 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-4 filed on November 12, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.16
|
|
Promissory Note, dated October 31, 2019 issued to 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-4/A filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.17
|
|
Promissory Note, dated June 8, 2020 issued to 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) (filed as Exhibit 10.19 to the registrant’s Registration Statement Form S-4/A filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.18
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 12, 2020, by and among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.19
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 12, 2020, by and among the Company and the parties signatory thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.20
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 8, 2020, by and among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.21
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 8, 2020, by and among the Company and the parties signatory thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.22
|
|
Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated September 2020, issued to KBL IV Sponsor LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.24 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on October 19, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.23
|
|
Convertible Promissory Note, dated September 2020, issued to KBL IV Sponsor LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.25 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on October 19, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.24
|
|
Form of Lock-Up Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.25
|
|
Escrow Agreement dated November 6, 2020 by and between the registrant, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, and Lawrence Pemble (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
Exhibit No.
|
|
Description
|
10.26#
|
|
Employment Agreement, dated July 1, 2020, by and between 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) and James N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D. (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).
|
10.27#
|
|
First Amendment to Employment Agreement by and between 180 Life Corp. (f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp.) and James N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D. (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.28
|
|
Amendment Agreement dated November 25, 2020 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.29
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of February 19, 2021 by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.30
|
|
Engagement Letter dated January 26, 2021 between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and Maxim Group LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.31
|
|
Amendment to Engagement Letter between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and Maxim Group LLC dated February 18, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.32
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of February 23, 2021 by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and the purchasers signatory thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.33
|
|
Form of Lock-Up Agreement between the180 Life Sciences Corp. and its directors and executive officers (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.34#
|
|
Consultancy Agreement dated February 22, 2021, by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and Prof Jagdeep Nanchahal (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.35#
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated February 25, 2021, and effective November 6, 2020, by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and James N. Woody (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.36#
|
|
James N. Woody - Stock Option Agreement effective February 26, 2021 (1,400,000 shares) (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.37#
|
|
Employment Agreement dated February 24, 2021, and effective November 6, 2020, by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and Ozan Pamir and Amendment and Correction Thereto dated March 1, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.38#
|
|
Ozan Pamir - Stock Option Agreement effective February 26, 2021 (180,000 shares) (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.39#
|
|
First Amendment to Consultancy Agreement dated March 31, 2021, by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and Prof. Jagdeep Nanchahal (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.40
|
|
Settlement and Mutual Release Agreement dated May 4, 2021 by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 7, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.41#
|
|
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement dated May 27, 2021, and effective November 6, 2020, by and between 180 Life Sciences Corp. Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. and Ozan Pamir (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.42#
|
|
Form of Director Nominee Offer Letter (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.43#
|
|
Form of Employment Agreement dated August 21, 2019 between the registrant and Jonathan Rothbard (filed as Exhibit 10.44 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed on July 9, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.44
|
|
Sir Marc Feldmann Confirmation of Rescission of Note Amendments effective February 25, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
10.45
|
|
Dr. Lawrence Steinman Confirmation of Rescission of Note Amendments effective February 25, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
14.1
|
|
Code
of Business and Ethics (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on April 26,
2017, and incorporated by reference herein).
|
23.1*
|
|
Consent of Marcum LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.
|
Exhibit No.
|
|
Description
|
23.3
|
|
Consent of Pryor Cashman LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
|
24*
|
|
Power of Attorney (included on signature page of this Registration Statement).
|
99.1
|
|
Form of Audit Committee Charter (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on April 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
99.2
|
|
Form of Compensation Committee Charter (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on April 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
99.3
|
|
Form of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter (filed as Exhibit 99.8 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
99.4
|
|
Form of Risk, Safety and Regulatory Committee Charter (filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed on July 9, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
#
|
Management
contract or compensatory plans or arrangements
|
|
(b)
|
Financial
Statement Schedules. All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required
or because the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.
|
Item 17.
Undertakings.
|
(a)
|
The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
|
|
(1)
|
To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
|
|
(i)
|
To
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
|
|
(ii)
|
To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration
statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities
offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range
may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in
volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation
of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
|
|
(iii)
|
To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any
material change to such information in the registration statement.
|
|
(2)
|
That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to
be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
|
|
(3)
|
To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination
of the offering.
|
|
(4)
|
That,
for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)
as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than
prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the
date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is
part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement
or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first
use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement
or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
|
|
(b)
|
Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of
the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim
for indemnification against such liabilities (other than a payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer
or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer
or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the
matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
|
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on July 20, 2021.
|
180
LIFE SCIENCES CORP.
|
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/
James N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D.
|
|
Name:
|
James
N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D.
|
|
Title:
|
Chief
Executive Officer
|
POWER
OF ATTORNEY
KNOW
ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that the persons whose signature appears below constitute and appoint James N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D. and
Ozan Pamir as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or
her and in his or her name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including pre-effective and
post-effective amendments) to this registration statement and to sign any registration statement and amendments thereto for the same
offering filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto,
and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection
therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all which said
attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do, or cause to be done
by virtue hereof.
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in
the capacities indicated on July 20, 2021.
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
|
|
/s/
James N. Woody, M.D., Ph.D.
|
|
Chief
Executive Officer and Director
|
James
N. Woody
|
|
(Principal
Executive Officer)
|
|
|
|
/s/
Ozan Pamir
|
|
Interim
Chief Financial Officecr
|
Ozan
Pamir
|
|
(Principal
Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
|
/s/
Marc Feldmann
|
|
Co-Executive
Chairman and Director
|
Marc
Feldmann
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Lawrence Steinman
|
|
Co-Executive
Chairman and Director
|
Lawrence
Steinman
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Larry Gold, Ph.D.
|
|
Director
|
Larry
Gold, Ph.D.
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Donald A. McGovern, Jr.
|
|
Lead
Independent Director
|
Donald
A. McGovern, Jr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Teresa M. DeLuca
|
|
Director
|
Teresa
M. DeLucaM.D., MBA
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Russell T. Ray
|
|
Director
|
Russell
T. Ray, MBA
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Pamela G. Marrone
|
|
Director
|
Pamela
G. Marrone, Ph.D.
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Francis Knuettel II
|
|
Director
|
Francis
Knuettel II, MBA
|
|
|
II-8
KBL Merger Corporation IV (NASDAQ:KBLM)
Gráfico Histórico do Ativo
De Mai 2024 até Jun 2024
KBL Merger Corporation IV (NASDAQ:KBLM)
Gráfico Histórico do Ativo
De Jun 2023 até Jun 2024