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Notes to Financial Statements
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(Unaudited)
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A. Accounting Policies
The European Equity
Fund, Inc. (the Fund) was incorporated in Delaware on April 8, 1986 as a diversified, closed-end management investment company. Investment operations commenced on July 23, 1986. The Fund
reincorporated in Maryland on August 29, 1990 and, on October 16, 1996, the Fund changed from a diversified to a non-diversified company. The Fund became a diversified fund on October 31, 2008.
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Fund qualifies as an investment company under Topic 946 of Accounting
Standards Codification of U.S. GAAP. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Fund in the preparation of its financial statements.
Security Valuation. The Fund calculates its net asset
value (NAV) per share for publication at the close of regular trading on Deutsche Börse XETRA, normally at 11:30 a.m., New York time.
Various inputs are used in determining the value of the Funds investments. These inputs are summarized in three broad levels. Level 1 includes quoted prices
in active markets for identical securities. Level 2 includes other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds and credit risk). Level 3 includes significant unobservable
inputs (including the Funds own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments). The level assigned to the securities valuations may not be an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with investing in those securities.
Equity securities are valued at the most recent sale price or official closing price reported on the exchange (U.S. or foreign) or over-the-counter market on which they trade prior to the time of valuation. Securities for which no sales are reported are valued at the calculated mean between the most recent bid and asked quotations on the
relevant market or, if a mean cannot be determined, at the most recent bid quotation. Equity securities are generally categorized as Level 1.
Investments in open-end investment companies are valued and traded at their NAV each business day and are categorized as Level 1.
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Purchased options are generally valued at the settlement prices established each day on the exchange on which they are
traded and are categorized as Level 1.
Securities and other assets for which market quotations are not readily available or for which the above valuation
procedures are deemed not to reflect fair value are valued in a manner that is intended to reflect their fair value as determined in accordance with procedures approved by the Board and are generally categorized as Level 3. In accordance with
the Funds valuation procedures, factors considered in determining value may include, but are not limited to, the type of the security; the size of the holding; the initial cost of the security; the existence of any contractual restrictions on
the securitys disposition; the price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or of comparable companies; quotations or evaluated prices from broker-dealers and/or the appropriate
stock exchange (for exchange-traded securities); an analysis of the companys or issuers financial statements; an evaluation of the forces that influence the issuer and the market(s) in which the
security is purchased and sold; and, with respect to debt securities, the maturity, coupon, creditworthiness, currency denomination, and the movement of the market in which the security is normally traded. The value determined under these procedures
may differ from published values for the same securities.
Disclosure about the classification of the fair value measurements is included in a table following the
Funds Schedule of Investments.
Securities Transactions and Investment Income. Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade date plus one basis for daily NAV calculation. However, for financial reporting purposes, investment security transactions are reported on trade date.
Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date net of foreign withholding taxes. Certain dividends from foreign securities may be recorded subsequent to
the ex-dividend date as soon as the Fund is informed of such dividends. Realized gains and losses from investment transactions are recorded on an identified cost basis. Proceeds from litigation payments, if
any, are included in net realized gain (loss) for investments.
Securities Lending. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., as lending agent, lends securities of the Fund to certain financial institutions under the terms of its securities lending agreement. During the term of the loans,
the Fund continues to receive dividends generated by the securities and to participate in any changes in their market value. The Fund requires the borrowers of the securities to maintain collateral with the Fund consisting of either cash and/or U.S.
Treasury Securities having a value at least equal to the value of the securities loaned. When the collateral falls below specified amounts, the lending agent will use its best effort to obtain additional collateral on the next business day to meet
required amounts
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The European Equity Fund, Inc.
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under the securities lending agreement. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund invested the cash collateral into a joint trading account in DWS Government & Agency Securities
Portfolio, an affiliated money market fund managed by DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. receives a management/administration fee (0.01% annualized effective rate as of June 30, 2021) on the cash
collateral invested in DWS Government & Agency Securities Portfolio. The Fund receives compensation for lending its securities either in the form of fees or by earning interest on invested cash collateral net of borrower rebates and fees
paid to a lending agent. Either the Fund or the borrower may terminate the loan at any time and the borrower, after notice, is required to return borrowed securities within a standard time period. There may be risks of delay and costs in recovery of
securities or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. If the Fund is not able to recover securities lent, the Fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement investment in the market,
incurring the risk that the value of the replacement security is greater than the value of the collateral. The Fund is also subject to all investment risks associated with the reinvestment of any cash collateral received, including, but not limited
to, interest rate, credit and liquidity risk associated with such investments.
As of June 30, 2021, the Fund had one security on loan which was classified as common
stock in the Schedule of Investments. The value of the related collateral exceeded the value of the security loaned at period end. As of period end, the remaining contractual maturity of the collateral agreements were overnight and continuous.
Foreign Currency Translation. The books and records of the Fund are maintained in United States dollars.
Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into United States dollars at the prevailing exchange rates at period end.
Purchases and sales of investment securities, income and expenses are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing on the respective dates of such transactions. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions represent
net gains and losses between trade and settlement dates on securities transactions, the acquisition and disposition of foreign currencies, and the difference between the amount of net investment income accrued and the U.S. dollar amount actually
received. The portion of both realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments that results from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates is not separately disclosed but is included with net realized and unrealized gain/appreciation
and loss/depreciation on investments.
At June 30, 2021, the exchange rate was EUR 1.00 to USD $1.19.
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Contingencies. In the normal course of business, the Fund
may enter into contracts with service providers that contain general indemnification clauses. The Funds maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not
yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Fund expects the risk of loss to be remote.
Taxes. The Funds policy is to comply with the
requirements of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, which are applicable to regulated investment companies, and to distribute all of its taxable income to its shareholders.
Additionally, the Fund may be subject to taxes imposed by the governments of countries in which it invests. Such taxes are generally based on income and/or capital gains
earned or repatriated. Estimated tax liabilities on certain foreign securities are recorded on an accrual basis and are reflected as components of interest income or net change in unrealized gain/loss on investments. Tax liabilities realized as a
result of security sales are reflected as a component of net realized gain/loss on investments.
At June 30, 2021, the aggregate cost of investments for federal
income tax purposes was $72,005,521. The net unrealized appreciation for all investments based on tax cost was $20,426,403. This consisted of aggregate gross unrealized appreciation for all investments for which there was an excess of value over tax
cost of $22,011,304 and aggregate gross unrealized depreciation for all investments for which there was an excess of tax cost over value of $1,584,901.
The Fund has
reviewed the tax positions for the open tax years as of December 31, 2020 and has determined that no provision for income tax and/or uncertain tax positions is required in the Funds financial statements. The Funds federal tax
returns for the prior three fiscal years remain open subject to examinations by the Internal Revenue Service.
Dividends and Distributions to Shareholders. The Fund
records dividends and distributions to its shareholders on the ex-dividend date. The timing and character of certain income and capital gain distributions are determined annually in accordance with United
States federal income tax regulations, which may differ from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These differences primarily relate to investments in foreign currency denominated investments and certain
securities sold at a loss. As a result, net investment income (loss) and net realized gain (loss) on investment transactions for a reporting period may differ significantly from distributions during such period. Accordingly, the Fund may
periodically make reclassifications among certain of its capital accounts without impacting the NAV of the Fund.
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The European Equity Fund, Inc.
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B. Investment Advisory and Administration Agreements
The Fund is party to an Investment Advisory Agreement with DWS International GmbH. The Fund also has an Administration Agreement with DWS Investment Management
Americas, Inc. (DIMA). DWS International GmbH and DIMA are affiliated companies.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement with DWS International GmbH,
DWS International GmbH directs the investments of the Fund in accordance with its investment objectives, policies and restrictions. DWS International GmbH determines the securities, instruments and other contracts relating to investments to be
purchased, sold or entered into by the Fund.
The Investment Advisory Agreement provides DWS International GmbH with a fee, computed weekly and payable monthly, at
the annual rate of 0.65% of the Funds average weekly net assets up to and including $100 million, and 0.60% of such assets in excess of $100 million.
Accordingly, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, the fee pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement was equivalent to an annualized rate of 0.65% of the
Funds average daily net assets.
Under the Administration Agreement with DIMA, DIMA provides certain fund administration services to the Fund. The
Administration Agreement provides DIMA with an annual fee, computed weekly and payable monthly, of 0.20% of the Funds average weekly net assets.
C.
Transactions with Affiliates
DWS Service Company (DSC), an affiliate of DIMA, is the transfer agent,
dividend-paying agent and shareholder service agent of the Fund. Pursuant to a sub-transfer agency agreement between DSC and DST Systems, Inc. (DST), DSC has
delegated certain transfer agent and dividend-paying agent functions to DST. DSC compensates DST out of the fee it receives from the Fund. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the amount charged to the Fund
by DSC included in the Statement of Operations under Services to shareholders aggregated $5,973, of which $1,974 is unpaid.
Under an agreement with the
Fund, DIMA is compensated for providing certain pre-press and regulatory filing services to the Fund. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the amount charged to the Fund by DIMA included in the Statement of
Operations under Reports to shareholders and shareholder meeting expenses aggregated $4,718, all of which $3,443 is unpaid.
Deutsche Bank AG, the
majority shareholder in the DWS Group, and its affiliates may receive brokerage commissions as a result of executing agency transactions in portfolio securities on behalf of the Fund, that the
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Board determined were effected in compliance with the Funds Rule 17e-1 procedures. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, Deutsche Bank did not
receive brokerage commissions from the Fund.
Certain Officers of the Fund are also officers of DIMA.
The Fund pays each Director who is not an interested person of DIMA or DWS International GmbH retainer fees plus specified amounts for attended board and
committee meetings.
The Fund may invest cash balances in DWS Central Cash Management Government Fund, which is managed by DIMA. The Fund indirectly bears its
proportionate share of the expenses of DWS Central Cash Management Government Fund. DWS Central Cash Management Government Fund does not pay DIMA an investment management fee. DWS Central Cash Management Government Fund seeks maximum current income
to the extent consistent with stability of principal.
D. Portfolio Securities
Purchases and sales of investment securities, excluding short-term investments, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, were
$23,481,953 and $25,135,272, respectively.
E. Capital
During the six
months ended June 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020, the Fund purchased 203,900 and 439,000 of its shares of common stock on the open market at a total cost of $2,243,753 and $3,973,993 ($11.00 and $9.05 average per share),
respectively. The average discount of these purchased shares, comparing the purchase price to the NAV per share at the time of purchase, was 12.20% and 13.86%, respectively.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021 there were no reinvestments. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Fund issued for dividend reinvestment 74,917 shares.
The average discount of these issued shares, comparing the issue price to the NAV per share at the time of issuance, was 12.98%.
F. Share Repurchases
On July 26, 2019, the Fund announced that the Board of Directors approved an extension of the current repurchase authorization permitting the Fund to repurchase up to
767,000 shares during the period from August 1, 2019 through July 31, 2020. The Fund repurchased 389,845 shares between August 1, 2019 and July 31, 2020. On July 24, 2020, the Fund announced that the Board of
Directors approved an extension of the current repurchase authorization permitting the Fund to repurchase up to
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The European Equity Fund, Inc.
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745,000 shares during the period from August 1, 2020 through July 31, 2021. The Fund repurchased 385,855 shares between August 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021.
Repurchases will be made from time to time when they are believed to be in the best interests of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Funds repurchases
will reduce the spread between the market price of the Funds shares referred to below and its NAV per share.
Monthly updates concerning the Funds
repurchase program are available on its Web site at dws.com.
G. Concentration of Ownership
From time to time, the Fund may have a concentration of several shareholder accounts holding a significant percentage of shares outstanding. Investment activities of
these shareholders could have a material impact on the Fund. At June 30, 2021, there were three shareholders that held approximately 30%, 9% and 6%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
H. Other Covid-19 Pandemic
A novel coronavirus known as COVID-19,
declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, has caused significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain interruptions.
The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low
vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others,
may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The Fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic
may result in the Fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others. Management will continue to monitor the impact COVID-19 has on
the Fund and reflect the consequences as appropriate in the Funds accounting and financial reporting.
I. Change of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm
On May 9, 2019, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) resigned as the independent registered public accounting firm to the Fund. PwC
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communicated its resignation to the Registrants Board of Directors (the Board of Directors).
PwCs reports on the Funds financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 contained no adverse opinion or
disclaimer of opinion nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principle.
During the fiscal years ended December 31,
2018 and December 31, 2017 and during the subsequent interim period through May 9, 2019: (i) there were no disagreements with PwC on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or
procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of PwC, would have caused PwC to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in connection with its reports on the Funds financial statements for such periods;
and (ii) there were no reportable events of the kind described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
On May 10, 2019, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors and the Board of Directors approved the selection of Ernst & Young LLP (EY) as the
Funds independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. During the Funds fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the subsequent interim period through
May 10, 2019, neither the Fund, nor anyone on their behalf, consulted with EY on items which: (i) concerned the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion
that might be rendered on the Funds financial statements; or (ii) concerned the subject of a disagreement (as defined in paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of Item 304 of Regulation S-K) or reportable events (as described in
paragraph (a)(1)(v) of said Item 304).
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The European Equity Fund, Inc.
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