WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
As required by the Securities Act, we filed a registration statement relating to the securities offered by this prospectus with the SEC. This
prospectus is a part of that registration statement, which includes additional information.
Government Filings
We file and furnish annual and other reports with the SEC. You may read and copy any document that we file or furnish with the SEC at the
public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling
1-(800)
SEC-0330,
and you may obtain copies of documents at prescribed rates from the Public Reference Section of the SEC at its principal office in Washington, D.C. 20549. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that
contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. In addition, you can obtain information about us at the offices of The New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad
Street, New York, New York 10005.
Information Incorporated by Reference
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference information that we file with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important
information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus supplement. Information that we file later with the SEC prior to the termination of this offering will also be
considered to be part of this prospectus supplement and will automatically update and supersede previously filed information, including information included in or incorporated by reference into this document.
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement the documents listed below:
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Reports of Foreign Private Issuer on Form
6-K,
furnished to the SEC on
March 6, 2018, March 14, 2018, March 30, 2018, April 9, 2018, April 13, 2018, April 20, 2018, May 4, 2018, May 11, 2018 May 31, 2018, June 11, 2018, June 15, 2018 (two filings), June 21, 2018, July 16, 2018, July
23, 2018, August 6, 2018, August 13, 2018, September 4, 2018 and September 12, 2018.
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our Annual Report on Form
20-F
for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2018.
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We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent
annual reports on Form
20-F
that we file with the SEC and certain Reports on Form
6-K
that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this prospectus supplement (if they
state that they are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement) until we file a post-effective amendment indicating that the offering of the securities made by this prospectus supplement has been terminated. In all cases, you should
rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus supplement or the base prospectus.
You should rely
only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the base prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone
provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume
that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement and the base prospectus as well as the information we previously filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference, is accurate as of the dates on the front cover of those documents only.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
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You may request a free copy of the above mentioned filings or any subsequent filing we
incorporated by reference to this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Seaspan Corporation
Unit 2, 2nd Floor
Bupa Centre
141 Connaught Road West
Hong Kong
China
(852) 2540-1686
Attention: Chief Financial Officer
Information Provided by the Company
We
will furnish, on request, to holders of our Series I Preferred Shares annual reports containing audited financial statements and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm. The audited financial statements will be prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP and those reports will include a Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section for the relevant periods. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the
U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, from, among other things, certain rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt
from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or
as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act, including the filing of quarterly reports or current reports on Form
8-K.
However, we intend to make available quarterly
reports containing our unaudited interim financial information for the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year.
Enforceability of Civil
Liabilities
We are a Marshall Islands corporation, and our executive offices are located outside of the United States in Hong Kong. A
majority of our directors and officers and some of the experts named in this prospectus reside outside of the United States. In addition, a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of our directors, officers and experts are located outside
of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United States upon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in
U.S. courts against us or those persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws.
In addition, the courts of the Marshall Islands or Hong Kong may not (a) enter judgments in original actions brought in those courts
predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws or (b) recognize or enforce against us or any of our officers, directors or experts judgments of courts of the United States predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws. Insofar as
indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Glossary of Shipping Terms
The following are definitions of certain terms that are commonly used in the shipping industry and in this prospectus.
Annual Survey.
The inspection of a vessel pursuant to international conventions, by a classification society surveyor, on behalf of the
flag state, that takes place every year.
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Bareboat Charter.
A charter of a vessel under which the shipowner is usually paid a
fixed amount for a certain period of time during which the charterer is responsible for the vessel operating expenses, including crewing, and voyage expenses of the vessel and for the management of the vessel. A bareboat charter is also known as a
demise charter or a time charter by demise.
Bunkers.
Heavy fuel and diesel oil used to power a
vessels engines.
Charter.
The hire of a vessel for a specified period of time or a particular voyage to carry a cargo from a
loading port to a discharging port. The contract for a charter is commonly called a charter party.
Charterer.
The party that
charters a vessel.
Classification Society.
An independent organization that certifies that a vessel has been built and maintained
according to the organizations rules for that type of vessel and complies with the applicable rules and regulations of the flag state and the international conventions of which that country is a member. A vessel that receives its certification
is referred to as being
in-class.
Dry-Docking.
The removal of a vessel from the water for inspection and, if needed, repair of
those parts of a vessel that are below the water line. During
dry-dockings,
which are required to be carried out periodically, certain mandatory classification society inspections are carried out and relevant
certifications are issued.
Dry-dockings
for containerships are generally required once every five years, one of which must be a special survey.
Flag State.
The country of a vessels registry.
Hire Rate.
The payment to the shipowner from the charterer for the use of the vessel.
Hull.
Shell or body of a vessel.
IMO.
International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency that issues international standards for shipping.
Intermediate Survey.
The inspection of a vessel by a classification society surveyor that takes place 24 to 36 months after each
special survey.
Newbuilding.
A new vessel under construction or just completed.
Off-Charter.
The period in which a vessel is not in service under a time charter and,
accordingly, we do not receive hire.
Off-Hire.
The period in which a vessel is not
available for service under a time charter and, accordingly, the charterer generally is not required to pay the hire rate.
Off-hire
periods can include days spent on repairs,
dry-
docking and surveys, whether or not scheduled.
Protection and Indemnity (or P&I)
Insurance.
Insurance obtained through a mutual association formed by shipowners to provide liability indemnification protection from various liabilities to which they are exposed in the course of their business, and which spreads the liability
costs of each member by requiring contribution by all members in the event of a loss.
Scrapping.
The sale of a vessel as scrap
metal.
Special Survey.
The inspection of a vessel by a classification society surveyor that takes place every five years, as part
of the recertification of the vessel by a classification society.
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Spot Market.
The market for immediate chartering of a vessel, usually for single
voyages.
TEU.
Twenty-foot equivalent unit, the international standard measure for containers and containership capacity.
Time Charter.
A charter under which the shipowner hires out a vessel for a specified period of time. The shipowner is responsible for
providing the crew and paying vessel operating expenses, while the charterer is responsible for paying the voyage expenses and additional voyage insurance. The shipowner is paid the hire rate, which accrues on a daily basis.
Vessel Operating Expenses.
The costs of operating a vessel, primarily consisting of crew wages and associated costs, insurance
premiums, management fees, lubricants and spare parts, and repair and maintenance costs.
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PROSPECTUS
$2,000,000,000 of
Class A Common Shares,
Preferred Shares, Convertible Preferred Shares,
Debt Securities, Convertible Debt Securities,
Warrants and Units Offered
by the Company
and
40,976,535 Class A Common Shares
Offered by Selling
Security-holders
Seaspan Corporation
We may offer to the public from time to time in one or more series or issuances Class A common shares, or common shares, preferred
shares, convertible preferred shares, debt securities, convertible debt securities, warrants or units.
In addition, the
selling security-holders identified in this prospectus may offer and resell up to 40,976,535 common shares. These common shares were issued pursuant to transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
or the Securities Act. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these common shares by the selling security-holders.
We may, from time to time, offer to sell the securities and the selling security-holders identified in this prospectus, or their donees, pledgees, transferees or other
successors-in-interest,
may from time to time offer to sell the common shares at various times and in various types of transactions, including sales in the open market, sales in negotiated transactions and
sales by a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities and the selling security-holders may sell the common shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions
or commissions. For additional information on the methods of sale that may be used by us or the selling security-holders, please see Plan of Distribution.
Each time we or a selling security-holder sells securities pursuant to this prospectus, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the
specific terms of the securities offered. You should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in our securities.
You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in any of our securities.
Our common shares trade on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol SSW.
You should
carefully consider each of the factors described under
Risk Factors
beginning on page 5 of this prospectus before you make an investment in our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this
prospectus is May 8, 2018.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any
related free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone else to give you different information. If anyone provides you with additional, different or inconsistent information,
you should not rely on it. We are not offering these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any related free writing
prospectus, as well as the information we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, is accurate as of any date other than its respective date. We will disclose material
changes in our affairs in an amendment to this prospectus, a prospectus supplement, a free writing prospectus or a future filing with the SEC incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a shelf registration process. Under
this process, we may offer and sell our securities under this prospectus and the selling security-holders referred to in the prospectus and identified in supplements to this prospectus may offer and resell from time to time our common shares under
this prospectus.
This prospectus does not cover the issuance of any of our common shares by us to the selling
security-holders, and we will not receive any of the proceeds from any sale of common shares by the selling security-holders. Except for any underwriting discounts, selling commissions, transfer taxes and fees, which are to be paid by the selling
security-holders, we have agreed to pay the expenses incurred in connection with the registration of the common shares owned by the selling security-holders covered by this prospectus.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we or the selling shareholders sell
securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus, and may also contain
information about any material U.S. federal income tax and
Non-United
States tax considerations relating to the securities covered by the prospectus supplement. The information in this prospectus is accurate
as of its date. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information under the headings Where You Can Find More Information and Incorporation of Documents by Reference.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term selling security-holders as used in this prospectus means the selling
security-holders referred to in this prospectus and their donees, pledgees, transferees and other
successors-in-interest.
Unless otherwise indicated, references in this
prospectus to Seaspan, the Company, we, us and our and similar terms refer to Seaspan Corporation and/or one or more of its subsidiaries, except that those terms, when used in this
prospectus in connection with the common shares described herein, shall mean Seaspan Corporation. Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this prospectus to dollars and $ are to, and amounts are presented in, U.S.
Dollars, and financial information presented in this prospectus is prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
SEASPAN CORPORATION
We are a leading
independent charter owner and manager of containerships, which we charter primarily pursuant to long-term, fixed-rate time charters with major container liner companies. As of April 1, 2018, we operated a fleet of 108 containerships and have
entered into contracts for the purchase of an additional four newbuilding containerships which have scheduled delivery dates through the second quarter of 2018. Our four newbuilding containerships will commence operation under long-term, fixed-rate
charters upon delivery. As of April 1, 2018, the average age of the 108 vessels in our operating fleet was approximately five years, on a TEU weighted basis.
On March 13, 2018, we acquired (the GCI Acquisition) the remaining 89% equity interest of Great China Intermodal Investments LLC (GCI) we did not already own from affiliates
of The Carlyle Group and the minority owners of GCI. Through the GCI Acquisition, we increased our fleet by 18 modern containerships, two of which are newbuild vessels scheduled for delivery during the second quarter of 2018. We managed each of the
16 operating vessels pursuant to charters prior to the GCI Acquisition.
We are a Marshall Islands corporation incorporated on
May 3, 2005. We maintain our principal executive offices at Unit 2, 2nd Floor, Bupa Centre, 141 Connaught Road West, Hong Kong, China. Our telephone number is (852) 2540-1686. We maintain a website at
www.seaspancorp.com
. The information
on our website is not part of this prospectus, and you should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein when making a decision whether to invest
in our securities.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form
F-3
regarding the securities covered
by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information found in the registration statement. For further information regarding us and the securities offered in this prospectus, you may wish to review the full registration
statement, including its exhibits. In addition, we file annual, quarterly and other reports with and furnish information to the SEC. You may inspect and copy any document we file with or furnish to the SEC at the public reference facilities
maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549-2736. Copies of this material can also be obtained upon written request from the Public Reference Section of the SEC at that address, at prescribed rates, or from the
SECs web site at
www.sec.gov
free of charge. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
for further information on public
reference rooms. You can also obtain information about us at the offices of The New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, from, among other things, certain rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy
statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal security-holders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the
Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act, including the filing of quarterly reports on Form
10-Q
or current reports on Form
8-K.
However, we intend to make available quarterly reports containing our unaudited interim financial information for the first three fiscal
quarters of each fiscal year.
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INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference into this prospectus information that we file with the SEC. This means that we
can disclose important information to you without actually including the specific information in this prospectus by referring you to other documents filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of
this prospectus. Information that we later provide to the SEC, and which is deemed to be filed with the SEC, automatically will update information previously filed with the SEC, and may replace information in this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below:
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our Annual Report on Form
20-F
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on
March 6, 2018;
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all subsequent Annual Reports on Form
20-F
filed after effectiveness of the registration statement and prior to
the time that all of the securities offered by this prospectus have been sold or
de-registered;
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Reports of Foreign Private Issuer on Form
6-K
furnished to the SEC on March 6, 2018, March 14, 2018,
March 30, 2018, April 9, 2018, April 20, 2018 and May 4, 2018;
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any subsequent Reports of Foreign Private Issuer on Form
6-K
furnished to the SEC after the date of the initial
registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, and after effectiveness of the registration statement and prior to the time that all of the securities offered by this prospectus have been sold or
de-registered,
in each case, that we identify in such Reports as being incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part; and
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the description of our Class A common shares contained in our Registration Statement on Form
8-A
filed on
August 2, 2005, and amended on March 31, 2011, including any subsequent amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.
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These reports contain important information about us, our financial condition and our results of operations.
You may obtain any of the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus from the SEC through its public reference facilities or its website at the addresses provided above. You also may request
a copy of any document incorporated by reference into this prospectus (excluding any exhibits to those documents, unless the exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference into this document), at no cost, by visiting our website at
www.seaspancorp.com,
or by writing or calling us at the following address:
Seaspan Corporation
Unit 2, 2nd Floor
Bupa Centre
141
Connaught Road West
Hong Kong
China
(852) 2540-1686
You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. We have
not authorized anyone else to provide you with any information. You should not assume that the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the
front of each document.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any
prospectus supplements are forward-looking statements. In addition, we and our representatives may from time to time make other oral or written statements that are also forward-looking statements. Such statements include, in particular, statements
about our plans, strategies, business prospects, changes and trends in our business, and the markets in which we operate. In some cases, you can identify the forward-looking statements by the use of words such as may, will,
could, should, would, expect, plan, anticipate, intend, forecast, believe, estimate, predict, propose,
potential, continue or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
Forward-looking
statements are made based upon managements current plans, expectations, estimates, assumptions and beliefs concerning future events affecting us. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those
risks discussed in Risk Factors set forth in this prospectus and those risks discussed in other reports we file with the SEC and that are incorporated into this prospectus by reference, including, without limitation, our Annual Report on
Form
20-F.
The risks, uncertainties and assumptions involve known and unknown risks and are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. We caution
that forward-looking statements are not guarantees and that actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of these factors. In addition, we cannot assess the effect of each such factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause
actual results to be materially different from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
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RISK FACTORS
Before investing in our securities, you should carefully consider all of the information included or incorporated by reference into
this prospectus. When evaluating an investment in our securities, you should carefully consider the following risk factor together with all information included in this prospectus, including those risks discussed under the caption Risk
Factors in our latest Annual Report on Form
20-F
filed with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and information included in any applicable prospectus supplement. If any of
such risks were to occur, our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Our substantial debt levels and vessel lease obligations may limit our flexibility in obtaining additional financing and in pursuing other business opportunities.
As of March 31, 2018, we had approximately $3.8 billion in aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding under our credit
facilities, our 6.375% senior unsecured notes due 2019, our 7.125% senior unsecured notes due 2027 and our 5.50% senior notes due 2025 (collectively, our Notes), and capital lease obligations of approximately $684.8 million.
On March 13, 2018, we also entered into a subscription agreement with Odyssey Reinsurance Company, Allied World Assurance Company, Ltd.,
Northbridge General Insurance Corporation, United States Fire Insurance Company, Zenith Insurance Company and Riverstone Insurance Limited (collectively, the Fairfax Investors) for an additional investment of $250 million in our 5.50%
senior notes due 2026 to be issued in January 2019 in a private placement with the Fairfax Investors.
Our level of debt and
vessel lease obligations could have important consequences to us, including the following:
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our ability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes may be impaired or
such financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all;
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we may need to use a substantial portion of our cash from operations to make principal and interest payments on our debt or make our lease payments,
reducing the funds that would otherwise be available for operation and future business opportunities;
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our debt level could make us more vulnerable to competitive pressures, a downturn in our business or the economy generally than our competitors with
less debt; and
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our debt level may limit our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions.
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Our ability to service our debt and vessel lease obligations will depend upon, among other things, our financial and operating
performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. If our results of operations are not sufficient to service our current or future
indebtedness and vessel lease obligations, we will be forced to take actions such as reducing or delaying our business activities, acquisitions, investments or capital expenditures, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our debt, or seeking
additional equity capital or bankruptcy protection. We may not be able to effect any of these remedies on satisfactory terms, or at all.
We may not be able to timely repay or be able to refinance amounts incurred under our credit facilities, Notes and capital and operating lease arrangements.
We have financed a substantial portion of our fleet and acquisitions with indebtedness incurred under our existing credit facilities,
Notes and capital and operating lease arrangements. We have significant normal
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course payment obligations under our credit facilities, our Notes and capital and vessel operating lease arrangements, both prior to and at maturity, including as of March 31, 2018 and including
the assumption of debt in connection with the acquisition of GCI, approximately $432.9 million in the remainder of 2018 and an additional $5.2 billion through 2027. In addition, under our credit facilities and capital and operating lease
arrangements, a payment may be required in certain circumstances as a result of events such as the sale or loss of a vessel, a termination or expiration of a charter (where we do not enter into a replacement charter acceptable to the lenders within
a required period of time) or termination of a shipbuilding contract. The amount that must be paid may be calculated based on the loan to market value ratio or some other ratio that takes into account the market value of the relevant vessel (with
the repayment amount increasing if vessel values decrease), or may be the entire amount of the financing in regard to a credit facility or a pre-determined termination sum in the case of a capital or operating lease.
If we are not able to refinance outstanding amounts at an interest rate or on terms acceptable to us, or at all, we will have to dedicate
a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to repay such amounts, which could reduce our ability to satisfy payment obligations related to our securities, our credit facilities, Notes and capital and operating lease arrangements or may
require us to delay certain business activities or capital expenditures or cease paying dividends. If we are not able to satisfy these obligations (whether or not refinanced) under our credit facilities, Notes or capital or operating lease
arrangements with cash flow from operations, we may have to seek to restructure our indebtedness and lease arrangements, undertake alternative financing plans (such as additional debt or equity capital) or sell assets, which may not be available on
terms attractive to us or at all. If we are unable to meet our debt or lease obligations, or if we otherwise default under our credit facilities, Notes or capital or operating lease arrangements, the holders of such debt or lessors could declare all
outstanding indebtedness to be immediately due and payable and in the case of (i) our credit facilities and capital or operating lease arrangements, foreclose on the vessels securing such indebtedness and (ii) in the 2025 Notes, foreclose on the
equity of GCI, which entity is an intermediate holding company that owns the equity of a number of our indirect vessel owning subsidiaries. Additionally, most of our debt instruments contain cross-default provisions, which generally cause a
default or event of default under each instrument upon a qualifying default or event of default under any other debt instrument. If we are unable to repay outstanding borrowings when due, holders of our secured debt also have the right to proceed
against the collateral granted to them that secures the indebtedness. The market values of our vessels, which fluctuate with market conditions, will also affect our ability to obtain financing or refinancing, as our vessels serve as collateral
for loans. Lower vessel values at the time of any financing or refinancing may reduce the amounts of funds we may borrow.
A decrease in the level of export of goods or an increase in trade protectionism will harm our customers business and, in
turn, harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Most of our customers containership
business revenue is derived from the shipment of goods from the Asia Pacific region, primarily China, to various overseas export markets, including the United States and Europe. Any reduction in or hindrance to the output of China-based
exporters could negatively affect the growth rate of Chinas exports and our customers business. For instance, the government of China has implemented economic policies aimed at increasing domestic consumption of Chinese-made goods. This
may reduce the supply of goods available for export and may, in turn, result in a decrease in shipping demand.
Our
international operations expose us to the risk that increased trade protectionism will harm our business. If global economic challenges exist, governments may turn to trade barriers to protect their domestic industries against foreign imports,
thereby depressing shipping demand. In particular, the current U.S. administration recently proposed tariffs on a variety of products exported by China. China has responded in kind which has resulted in further proposals by the current
administration to impose tariffs on other Chinese products. In addition, the current U.S. administration has stated that it may seek to implement more protective trade measures not just with respect to China but with respect to other countries in
the Asia Pacific region as well. Increasing trade protectionism in the markets that our customers serve has caused and may continue to cause an increase in (a) the cost of goods exported from Asia Pacific, (b) the length of time required
to deliver goods from
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the region and (c) the risks associated with exporting goods from the region. Such increases may also affect the quantity of goods to be shipped, shipping time schedules, voyage costs and
other associated costs.
Any increased trade barriers or restrictions on global trade, especially trade with China, would harm
our customers business, results of operations and financial condition and could thereby affect their ability to make timely charter hire payments to us and to renew and increase the number of their time charters with us. This could harm our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our continuing compliance with the requirements
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will depend, in part, on our ability to integrate effectively the internal controls and procedures of GCI with our own.
In connection with the GCI Acquisition, we may assess and make any necessary adjustments to GCIs internal controls and procedures in order to maintain the overall effectiveness of our internal
controls and procedures, to ensure that we continue to deliver accurate and timely financial information and to ensure ongoing compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. We have not yet completed our evaluation of GCIs
internal controls. Our failure to accomplish this on a timely basis or at all could compromise our compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the timeliness and accuracy of our financial reporting, which could reduce investor confidence in
our publicly reported consolidated financial statements.
We may experience disruption as a result of the recent and
pending departures of a number of members of our senior management.
We have recently experienced a number of changes
in our senior management.
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Our former chief executive officer, Gerry Wang, retired on November 3, 2017 and formally ceased employment on December 31, 2017. Our new president
and chief executive officer, Bing Chen, commenced employment in January 2018.
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|
|
Our current chief financial officer, Mr. David Spivak, provided notice that he is exercising his right to terminate his employment with us effective
June 29, 2018 to pursue other opportunities. Mr. Spivak will continue in his current role until May 5, 2018, after which Mr. Ryan Courson will be appointed chief financial officer. Mr. Spivak will continue with us as special advisor to the president
and chief executive officer through the end of June 2018.
|
|
|
|
Our general counsel and chief operating officer, Mark Chu, provided notice he is exercise his right to terminate his employment with us effective
August 31, 2018. Mr. Chu will continue in his current roles until that date.
|
We may experience
disruption as a result of these departures.
7
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless we state otherwise in a prospectus supplement, we will use the net proceeds from the sale of securities we offer pursuant to this
prospectus for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures (such as vessel acquisitions), repayment of indebtedness and working capital.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of common shares by the selling security-holders under this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement. Please see Selling
Security-holders.
8
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our consolidated cash and cash equivalents and our capitalization as of March 31, 2018.
The information in this table should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto incorporated by reference
into this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
ACTUAL
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
333,156
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt:
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt (including current portion)
(1)
|
|
$
|
3,695,550
|
|
Long-term obligations under capital lease (including current portion)
(1)
|
|
|
675,311
|
|
Puttable preferred shares
(2)
|
|
|
46,820
|
|
Shareholders equity
(3)
|
|
|
|
|
Share capital
|
|
|
|
|
Series D preferred shares, $0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 7,017,313 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
Series E preferred shares, $0.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 5,415,937 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
Series F preferred shares, $0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 5,600,000 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
Series G preferred shares, $0.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 7,800,800 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
Series H preferred shares, $0.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 9,025,105 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
Class A common shares, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 135,999,343 shares issued and
outstanding
|
|
|
1,689
|
|
Treasury shares (Class A common shares)
|
|
|
(371
|
)
|
Additional
paid-in
capital
|
|
|
2,852,749
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
(746,759
|
)
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
(23,388
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
2,083,920
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$
|
6,501,601
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Debt issuance costs related to a recognized liability, including long-term obligations under capital lease, are presented as a direct
deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet. As at March 31, 2018, $19.4 million and $9.4 million have been deducted from the carrying amount of long-term debt and long-term obligations
under capital lease, respectively.
|
(2)
|
1,986,449 additional series D preferred shares were issued on March 13, 2018 at an agreed upon price of $24.84 per share, totaling
$49.3 million as partial consideration for the GCI Acquisition. Such securities are being offered pursuant to this prospectus. These series D preferred shares were recorded at fair value being the closing price as of March 13, 2018. As
these series D preferred shares are subject to a put right agreement dated March 13, 2018, between the Company and each of Blue Water Commerce, LLC, Greater China Industrial Investments LLC and Tiger Management Limited, by which the initial
holders can put these shares back to us for repurchase at a price of $24.84 per share commencing 18 months after March 13, 2018 for a period of one month, these series D preferred shares were recorded as temporary equity on our financial
statements in accordance with ASC 480.
|
(3)
|
Does not include our series A preferred shares, series B preferred shares, series C preferred shares, series R preferred shares, Class B
common shares and Class C common shares, none of which are issued or outstanding.
|
9
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON SHARES AND DIVIDENDS
Our common shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol SSW. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the
high and low sales price per common share, as reported on The New York Stock Exchange, and the amount of quarterly cash dividends declared per share. The closing sales price of our common shares on The New York Stock Exchange on May 2, 2018 was
$8.26 per share.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price Ranges
|
|
|
Quarterly
Cash
Dividends
(1)
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
Years Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2013
|
|
$
|
25.10
|
|
|
$
|
16.46
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2014
|
|
|
24.36
|
|
|
|
16.81
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2015
|
|
|
20.87
|
|
|
|
14.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2016
|
|
|
20.00
|
|
|
|
8.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
|
|
11.76
|
|
|
|
5.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarters Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2016
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
|
|
$
|
13.67
|
|
|
$
|
0.3750
|
|
June 30, 2016
|
|
|
18.36
|
|
|
|
13.53
|
|
|
|
0.3750
|
|
September 30, 2016
|
|
|
15.49
|
|
|
|
13.16
|
|
|
|
0.3750
|
|
December 31, 2016
|
|
|
13.67
|
|
|
|
8.08
|
|
|
|
0.3750
|
|
March 31, 2017
|
|
|
11.76
|
|
|
|
6.05
|
|
|
|
0.1250
|
|
June 30, 2017
|
|
|
7.50
|
|
|
|
5.02
|
|
|
|
0.1250
|
|
September 30, 2017
|
|
|
7.91
|
|
|
|
6.22
|
|
|
|
0.1250
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
|
|
7.70
|
|
|
|
5.63
|
|
|
|
0.1250
|
|
March 31, 2018
|
|
|
7.71
|
|
|
|
5.53
|
|
|
|
0.1250
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2017
|
|
$
|
7.49
|
|
|
$
|
6.68
|
|
|
|
|
|
October 31, 2017
|
|
|
7.70
|
|
|
|
6.72
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 30, 2017
|
|
|
7.12
|
|
|
|
5.64
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
|
|
7.18
|
|
|
|
5.63
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 31, 2018
|
|
|
7.73
|
|
|
|
6.55
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2018
|
|
|
7.36
|
|
|
|
6.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2018
|
|
|
6.86
|
|
|
|
5.53
|
|
|
|
|
|
April 30, 2018
|
|
|
7.78
|
|
|
|
6.69
|
|
|
|
|
|
May 30, 2018
(2)
|
|
|
8.26
|
|
|
|
8.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Dividends are shown for the quarter with respect to which they were declared.
|
(2)
|
Period ending May 2, 2018.
|
10
SELLING SECURITY-HOLDERS
This prospectus covers the offering for resale of 40,976,535 Class A common shares by selling security-holders. The Class A
common shares consist of 2,514,996 shares issued on March 13, 2018 pursuant to a share subscription agreement and 38,461,539 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Fairfax Warrants issued on February 14, 2018, in each case, in
transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act prior to the original filing date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
The selling security-holders are expected to consist of those security-holders who have the right to include their securities in a registration or offering effected by us under the terms of our previously
disclosed Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2018, between us and an investor party thereto and our previously disclosed Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 14, 2018, between us, the investors party thereto and
certain of our subsidiaries party thereto.
11
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND
TO FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERENCE DIVIDENDS
The following table sets forth our ratio of earnings to (a) fixed charges and (b) fixed charges and preference dividends for the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2018
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2013
|
|
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
(1)
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
|
2.5
|
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
|
4.7
|
|
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preference dividends
(1)
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
Dollar amount (in thousands) of deficiency in earnings to fixed charges
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
142,850
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar amount (in thousands) of deficiency in earnings to fixed charges and preference dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
196,935
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
For purposes of calculating the ratios of consolidated earnings to fixed charges and to fixed charges and preference dividends:
|
|
|
|
earnings consist of
pre-tax
income from continuing operations prepared under U.S. GAAP (which
includes
non-cash
unrealized gains and losses on derivative financial instruments) plus fixed charges, net of capitalized interest and capitalized amortization of deferred financing fees;
|
|
|
|
fixed charges represent interest incurred (whether expensed or capitalized) and amortization of deferred financing costs (whether expensed
or capitalized) and accretion of discount; and
|
|
|
|
preference dividends refers to the amount of
pre-tax
earnings that is required to pay the cash
dividends on outstanding preference securities and is computed as the amount of (a) the dividend divided by (b) the result of 1 minus the effective income tax rate applicable to continuing operations.
|
The ratios of earnings to fixed charges and to fixed charges and preference dividends are ratios that we are required to present in this
prospectus and have been calculated in accordance with Commission rules and regulations. These ratios have no application to our credit and lease facilities and preferred shares and we believe they are not ratios generally used by investors to
evaluate our overall operating performance.
(2)
|
The ratio of earnings to fixed charges or to fixed charges and preference dividends for this period was less than 1.0X.
|
12
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Authorized Capital
Under our articles of incorporation, our authorized shares consist of 400,000,000 Class A common shares, par value $0.01 per share,
25,000,000 Class B common shares, par value $0.01 per share, 100 Class C common shares, par value $0.01 per share, and 150,000,000 shares of preferred shares, par value $0.01 per share. As of March 31, 2018, there were issued and
outstanding 136,028,797 Class A common shares, no Class B common shares, no Class C common shares, no series A preferred shares, no series B preferred shares, no series C preferred shares, 7,017,313 series D preferred shares,
5,415,937 series E preferred shares, 5,600,000 series F preferred shares, 7,800,800 series G preferred shares, 9,025,105 series H preferred shares and no series R preferred shares.
Common Shares
Our Class A common shares are our only outstanding
class of common shares.
Dividends
Under our articles of incorporation, our common shareholders may receive quarterly dividends. Declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the discretion of our board of directors. The time and
amount of dividends will depend upon our financial condition, our operations, our cash requirements and availability, debt repayment obligations, capital expenditure needs, restrictions in our debt instruments and our preferred shares, industry
trends, the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of distributions to shareholders and other factors. The Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act, or the
BCA
, generally prohibits the payment of dividends other than from
paid-in
capital in excess of par value and our earnings or while we are insolvent or would be rendered insolvent on paying the dividend.
Voting
Our common shares each have one vote. A majority of the
common shares constitutes a quorum at meetings of the shareholders. Our series F preferred shares are generally entitled to vote together as a single class with the holders of our common shares, on an
as-converted
basis. The 5,600,000 series F preferred shares outstanding are convertible into class A common shares at a price of $18.00 per share, for a total of 7,777,777 common shares as of March 31,
2018.
Anti-takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, which are summarized in the following paragraphs, may have an
anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a shareholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by
shareholders.
Removal of Directors; Vacancies
Our articles of incorporation and bylaws provide that directors may be removed with cause upon the affirmative vote of holders of a
majority of the shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. In addition, our articles of incorporation and bylaws also provide that any vacancies on our board of directors and newly created
directorships will be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, although less than a quorum.
13
No Cumulative Voting
The BCA provides that shareholders are not entitled to the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless our articles of
incorporation provides otherwise. Our articles of incorporation prohibit cumulative voting.
Calling of Special Meetings of
Shareholders
Our bylaws provide that special meetings of our shareholders may be called only by the chairman of our board
of directors, by resolution of our board of directors, or if applicable, by the longest serving
co-chairman
of our board of directors.
Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations
Our bylaws provide that shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice of their proposal in
writing to the corporate secretary.
Generally, to be timely, a shareholders notice must be received at our principal
executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the date on which we first mailed our proxy materials for the previous years annual meeting. Our bylaws also specify requirements as to the
form and content of a shareholders notice. These provisions may impede shareholders ability to bring matters before an annual meeting of shareholders or make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of shareholders.
Amendments to Our Bylaws
Our articles of incorporation and bylaws grant our board of directors the authority to amend and repeal our bylaws without a shareholder vote in any manner not inconsistent with the laws of the Republic
of the Marshall Islands and our articles of incorporation. Shareholders may amend our bylaws by a vote of not less than
66-2/3%
of the shares entitled to vote.
Business Combinations
Our articles of incorporation contain provisions that prohibit us from engaging in a business combination with an interested shareholder for a period of three years following the date of the transaction
in which the person became an interested shareholder, unless, in addition to any other approval that may be required by applicable law:
|
|
|
prior to the date of the transaction that resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, our board of directors approved either the
business combination or the transaction that resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder;
|
|
|
|
upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, the interested shareholder owned at least 85%
of our voting shares outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and officers, and (ii) employee stock plans
in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer;
|
|
|
|
after the date of the transaction that resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, the business combination is approved by our
board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of our outstanding voting shares that are not owned by the interested shareholder;
|
14
|
|
|
the shareholder became an interested shareholder prior to the completion of our initial public offering; or
|
|
|
|
the interested shareholder is Gerry Wang, Graham Porter, Dennis Washington, Kyle Washington or any of their affiliates, or any person that purchases
shares from any of those individuals or any of their affiliates, provided, the person that purchased such shares does not own more than 1% of our outstanding shares at the time of such acquisition or acquire more than an additional 1% of our
outstanding shares other than from those individuals or any of their affiliates.
|
Generally, a
business combination includes any merger or consolidation of us or any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of ours with (a) the interested shareholder or any of its affiliates or (b) with any corporation, partnership,
unincorporated association or other entity if the merger or consolidation is caused by the interested shareholder. Generally, an interested shareholder is any person or entity that (a) owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting
shares, (b) is an affiliate or associate of us and was the owner of 15% or more of our outstanding voting shares at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such person
is an interested shareholder or (c) the affiliates and associates of any person listed in (a) or (b), except that any person who owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting shares, as a result of action taken solely by us shall not be an
interested shareholder unless such person acquires additional voting shares, except as a result of further action by us, not caused, directly or indirectly, by such person.
Dissenters Rights of Appraisal and Payment
Under the BCA, our
shareholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets not made in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of
their shares. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a shareholder also has the right to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The
dissenting shareholder must follow the procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting shareholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCA procedures involve, among other things, the institution
of proceedings in the high court of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or in any appropriate court in any jurisdiction in which our common shares are primarily traded on a local or national securities exchange.
Shareholders Derivative Actions
Under the BCA, any of our shareholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that the shareholder bringing the action is a holder
of common shares both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which the action relates.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
The BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their
shareholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors fiduciary duties. Our articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors or officers for monetary damages for actions taken as a
director or officer to the fullest extent permitted by law.
Our articles of incorporation provide that we must indemnify our
directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices and carry directors
and officers insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities. We believe that these indemnification provisions and insurance are useful to attract and retain qualified directors and
executive officers.
15
The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our articles of incorporation
may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such
an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these
indemnification provisions.
Exchange Listing
Our common shares are listed on The New York Stock Exchange, where they trade under the symbol SSW.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
American Stock Transfer &
Trust Company, LLC serves as registrar and transfer agent for our common shares.
Preferred Shares and Convertible Preferred Shares
Our articles of incorporation authorize our board of directors to establish one or more series of preferred shares and to
determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including, among other things:
|
|
|
the designation of the series;
|
|
|
|
the number of shares in the series;
|
|
|
|
the dividend terms and conditions of the series;
|
|
|
|
any redemption rights of, or sinking fund for, the series;
|
|
|
|
the amounts payable on shares of the series in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up
of the affairs of our company;
|
|
|
|
whether the shares of the series will be convertible into any other security of our company or any other corporation, and, if so, the terms and
conditions upon which the conversion may be made;
|
|
|
|
restrictions on the issuance of shares of the same series or of any other class or series; and
|
|
|
|
the voting rights, if any, of the holders of the series.
|
16
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue debt securities (any of which may be senior or subordinated and convertible or not convertible) from time to time in one or
more series, under an indenture to be dated as of a date on or prior to our initial issuance of the debt securities. The following description of debt securities sets forth the material terms and provisions of the debt securities to which any
prospectus supplement may relate. Our senior debt securities would be issued under a senior indenture, and our subordinated debt securities would be issued under a subordinated indenture. The senior or subordinated indenture for debt securities and
any convertible debt securities, forms of which are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, will be executed at the time we issue applicable debt securities. Any supplemental indentures will be filed
with the SEC on a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form
6-K
or by a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
All of the indentures are sometimes referred to in this prospectus collectively as the
Indentures
and each, individually, as an
Indenture
. The particular terms of the debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement, and the extent to which the general provisions described below may apply to the offered debt securities, will be described in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The Indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The terms of the debt securities will include those stated in the Indentures and those made part of the Indentures by reference to the Trust
Indenture Act.
Our statements below relating to the debt securities and the Indentures are summaries of their anticipated
provisions, are not complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the applicable Indenture and any applicable United States federal income tax considerations as well as any applicable
modifications of or additions to the general terms described below in the applicable prospectus supplement or supplemental indenture.
General
The provisions
of the Indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities which may be issued thereunder. Unless otherwise provided in a prospectus supplement and an applicable supplemental indenture, any senior debt securities will be our
direct, unsecured and unsubordinated general obligations and will have the same rank in liquidation as all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt, and the subordinated debt securities will be our unsecured obligations, subordinated in right
of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our senior indebtedness with respect to such series, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Any debt securities may be convertible into common shares.
We may issue the debt securities as original issue discount securities, which will be offered and sold at a substantial discount below
their stated principal amount. The prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities will describe United States federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to them. The prospectus supplement
relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.
In addition, the specific financial, legal and other terms particular to a series of debt securities will be described in the prospectus supplement and any pricing supplement relating to the series. The
prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities will describe the following terms of the series:
|
|
|
the title of the series of the offered debt securities;
|
|
|
|
the price or prices at which the offered debt securities will be issued;
|
|
|
|
any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the offered debt securities;
|
|
|
|
the date or dates on which the principal of the offered debt securities will be payable;
|
17
|
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the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per year at which the offered debt securities will bear interest, if any, or the method of
determining the rate or rates and the date or dates from which interest, if any, will accrue;
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if the amount of principal, premium or interest with respect to the offered debt securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index
or pursuant to a formula, the manner in which these amounts will be determined;
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the date or dates on which interest, if any, on the offered debt securities will be payable and the regular record dates for the payment thereof;
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the place or places, if any, in addition to or instead of the corporate trust office of the trustee, where the principal, premium and interest with
respect to the offered debt securities will be payable;
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the period or periods, if any, within which, the price or prices of which, and the terms and conditions upon which the offered debt securities may be
redeemed, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions;
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the terms on which we would be required to redeem or purchase the offered debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or similar provision, and the
period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions on which the offered debt securities will be so redeemed and purchased in whole or in part;
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the denominations in which the offered debt securities will be issued;
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the form of the offered debt securities and whether the offered debt securities are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global
securities and, if so, the identity of the depositary for the global security or securities;
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the portion of the principal amount of the offered debt securities that is payable on the declaration of acceleration of the maturity, if other than
their principal amount;
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if other than U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies in which the offered debt securities will be denominated and payable, and the holders
rights, if any, to elect payment in a foreign currency or a foreign currency unit other than that in which the offered debt securities are otherwise payable;
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any addition to, or modification or deletion of, any event of default or any covenant specified in the applicable Indenture;
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the consequences of any failure to pay principal, interest, or, if applicable, any sinking or amortization installment;
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whether the offered debt securities will be convertible or exchangeable into common shares, and if so, the terms and conditions upon which the offered
debt securities will be convertible or exchangeable;
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whether the offered debt securities will be senior or subordinated debt securities, and if subordinated the aggregate amount of outstanding
indebtedness that is senior to the subordinated debt and any limitations on the issuance of additional senior indebtedness, if any;
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whether the applicable Indenture will include provisions restricting the declaration of dividends or requiring the creation or maintenance of any
reserves or of any ratio of assets;
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any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to the offered debt securities; and
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any other specific terms of the offered debt securities.
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Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets
The terms of the Indentures in
the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part provide that we may not consolidate with or merge with or into, any other person or sell, assign, convey, transfer, lease our properties and
assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any person, unless:
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the successor person is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Marshall Islands, the United States, any state of the United States
or the District of Columbia and expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the debt securities and the applicable Indenture;
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immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no default or event of default shall have occurred and be continuing; and
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other conditions specified in the applicable Indenture are met.
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Upon any consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and assets of the Company in accordance
with the foregoing provisions, the successor person formed by such consolidation or into which we are merged or to which such sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every
right and power of, the Company under the applicable Indenture; and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the Company shall be released from all obligations and covenants under the applicable Indenture and the debt securities.
Events of Default
The
terms of the Indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part provide that the debt securities are subject to the following events of default:
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(1)
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failure to pay principal of or any premium when due;
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(2)
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failure to pay any interest when due, continued for 30 days;
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(3)
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failure to perform any of our other covenants in the applicable Indenture, continued for 60 days after written notice has been given by the
trustee, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities, as provided in the applicable Indenture;
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(4)
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any debt of the Company is not paid within any applicable grace period after final maturity or is accelerated by its holders because of a
default and the total amount of such debt unpaid or accelerated exceeds $50.0 million;
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(5)
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any judgment or decree for the payment of money in excess of $50.0 million is entered against us and remains outstanding for a period of
90 consecutive days following entry of such judgment and is not discharged, waived or stayed; and
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(6)
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certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization affecting us.
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If an event of default, other than an event of default described in clause (6) above,
occurs and is continuing, either the trustee under the applicable Indenture or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities may declare the principal amount of the debt securities to be due and payable
immediately. If an event of default described in clause (6) above occurs, the principal amount of the debt securities and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will automatically become immediately due and payable.
After any such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the debt securities may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all events of default, other than the
non-payment
of accelerated principal and any premium, interest or
any additional amounts which are required under the applicable Indenture or the debt securities to be paid by the Company, in each case which have become due as a result of such acceleration, have been cured or waived.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if we so elect by notice to all holders of record of debt securities and the trustee and paying agent of
such election on or before the close of business on the fifth business day prior to the date on which an event of default described below would otherwise occur, the sole remedy under the each Indenture for an event of default relating to
(i) our failure to file with the trustee pursuant to Section 314(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act any documents or reports that we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or (ii) the
failure to comply with our annual and quarterly reporting obligations to the trustee and the SEC will, after the occurrence of such an event of default, consist exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the debt securities at an
annual rate equal to (i) 0.25% per annum of the outstanding principal amount of the debt securities for each day during the
90-day
period beginning on, and including, the date on which such event of
default first occurs and on which such event of default is continuing; and (ii) 0.50% per annum of the outstanding principal amount of the debt securities for each day during the
90-day
period
beginning on, and including, the 91st day following the date on which such event of default first occurs and on which such event of default is continuing. This additional interest will be payable in arrears on the same dates and in the same manner
as regular interest on the debt securities. On the 181st day after such event of default first occurs (if not waived or cured prior to such 181st day), such additional interest will cease to accrue and the debt securities will be subject to
acceleration as provided above. In the event we do not elect to pay the additional interest upon an event of default in accordance with this paragraph, the debt securities will be subject to acceleration as provided above. The provisions of the
Indentures described in this paragraph will not affect the rights of holders of debt securities in the event of the occurrence of any other events of default.
The trustee will not be obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers at the request of the holders unless the holders have offered to the trustee indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it
against any loss, liability or expense. Subject to the applicable Indenture, applicable law and the trustees indemnification, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities will have the right to
direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities. In the event an event of default has occurred and
is continuing, the trustee will be required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would use in the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law
or the applicable Indenture or that the trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder.
No holder
will have any right to institute any proceeding under the applicable Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee, or for any other remedy under the applicable Indenture unless:
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the holder has previously given the trustee written notice of a continuing event of default;
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the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities then outstanding have made a written request and have offered
indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the trustee to institute such proceeding as trustee;
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such holder has offered to the trustee such indemnity as is reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in
compliance with such request; and
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the trustee has failed to institute such proceeding within 60 days after such notice, request and offer and has not received from the holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities then outstanding a direction inconsistent with such request within 60 days after such notice, request and offer.
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However, the above limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder for the enforcement of payment of the principal of, interest
on and any Additional Amounts with respect any debt security on or after the applicable due date in accordance with the applicable Indenture.
Generally, the holders of not less than a majority of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding debt securities may waive any default or event of default unless:
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we fail to pay the principal of, any interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any debt security when due;
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we fail to comply with any of the provisions of the applicable Indenture that would require the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security
affected.
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The Indentures provide that within 90 days after the trustee receives written notice of a
default, the trustee shall transmit by mail to all holders, notice of such default hereunder, unless such default shall have been cured or waived. Except in the case of a default in the payment of principal of or interest on any note, the trustee
may withhold notice if and so long as the trustee in good faith determines that withholding notice is in the best interest of the holders. In addition, we are required to deliver to the trustee (i) within 120 days after the end of each fiscal
year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any default that occurred during the previous year and whether we, to the officers knowledge, are in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions
and conditions of the applicable Indenture and (ii) within 30 days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any events that would constitute defaults, their status and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.
Each holder shall have the right to receive payment or delivery, as the case may be, of:
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any premium and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on; and
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Additional Amounts, if any, on
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its debt securities, on or after the respective due dates expressed or provided for in the applicable Indenture, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment or delivery, as the case may
be, and such right to receive such payment or delivery, as the case may be, on or after such respective dates shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder.
Modification and Waiver
We and the trustee may amend or supplement the
Indentures with respect to the debt securities with the consent (including consents obtained in connection with any tender offer or exchange offer) of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities. In
addition, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities may waive our compliance in any instance with any provision of the applicable Indenture without notice to the other holders of debt securities.
However, no
21
amendment, supplement or waiver may be made without the consent of each holder of outstanding debt securities affected thereby if such amendment, supplement or waiver would:
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change the stated maturity of the principal of, or any premium or installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the debt
securities;
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reduce the principal amount of or interest on the debt securities or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto;
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change the currency of payment of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the debt securities or change any
debt securitys place of payment;
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reduce the percentage in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for any such
supplemental indenture or waiver, provided for in the applicable Indenture, or reduce the requirements for quorum or voting;
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impair the right of any holder to receive payment of principal of and interest on such holders debt securities on or after the due dates therefor
or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on, or with respect to, the debt securities;
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impair the right to convert or exchange any debt security into or for securities of the Company or other securities, cash or property in accordance
with the debt securitys terms;
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change the ranking of the debt securities;
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change our obligation to pay Additional Amounts on any debt security; or
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modify provisions with respect to modification, amendment or waiver (including waiver of events of default), except to increase the percentage required
for modification, amendment or waiver or to provide for consent of each affected holder of the debt securities.
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We and the trustee may amend or supplement the Indentures or the debt securities without notice to, or the consent of, the holders of the debt securities to, among other things:
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cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of the debt securities in any material
respect;
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provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations under an Indenture;
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secure the debt securities;
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add to our covenants for the benefit of the holders or surrender any right or power conferred upon us; or
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make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder.
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The consent of the holders is not necessary under the Indentures to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It is
sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment. After an amendment under an Indenture becomes effective, we are required to mail to the holders a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give
such notice to all the holders, or any defect in the notice, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment.
22
Satisfaction and Discharge
We may satisfy and discharge our obligations under the Indentures by delivering to the trustee for cancellation all outstanding debt securities or depositing with the trustee or delivering to the holders,
as applicable, after all outstanding debt securities have become due and payable, or will become due and payable at their stated maturity within one year, cash sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness all of the outstanding debt
securities and all other sums payable under the applicable Indenture by us. Such discharge is subject to terms contained in the applicable Indenture.
Defeasance
We may terminate at any time all our obligations with respect
to the debt securities and the Indentures, which we refer to as legal defeasance, except for certain obligations, including those respecting the defeasance trust and obligations to register the transfer or exchange of the debt
securities, to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities and to maintain a registrar and paying agent in respect of the debt securities. We may also terminate at any time certain of our covenants with respect to the debt
securities, which we refer to as covenant defeasance. We may exercise the legal defeasance option notwithstanding our prior exercise of the covenant defeasance option.
If we exercise our legal defeasance option with respect to the debt securities, payment of the debt securities may not be accelerated
because of an event of default with respect thereto. If we exercise the covenant defeasance option with respect to the debt securities, payment of the debt securities may not be accelerated because of an event of default specified in clause
(3) in Events of Default above.
The legal defeasance option or the covenant defeasance option with
respect to the debt securities may be exercised only if:
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(1)
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we irrevocably deposit in trust with the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations or a combination thereof for the payment of principal of
(and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on the debt securities to maturity,
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(2)
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such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance does not constitute a default under the applicable Indenture or any other material agreement or
instrument binding us,
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(3)
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no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing on the date of such deposit and, with respect to legal defeasance only, at any
time during the period ending on the 123rd day after the date of such deposit (other than, if applicable, a default or event of default with respect to the debt securities resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposits),
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(4)
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in the case of the legal defeasance option, we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from the IRS a
letter ruling, or there has been published by the Internal Revenue Service a Revenue Ruling, or since the date of the applicable Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and
based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as a result of such legal defeasance and will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on the
same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such legal defeasance had not occurred,
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(5)
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in the case of the covenant defeasance option, we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt
securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would
have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred,
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(6)
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we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that, after the 123rd day after the date of deposit, all money and U.S.
government obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to the terms of the applicable Indenture) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited or caused to be deposited with the trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to be held in trust
will not be subject to any case or proceeding (whether voluntary or involuntary) in respect of the Company under any U.S. federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or any decree or order for relief in respect of
the Company issued in connection therewith, and
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(7)
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we deliver to the trustee an officers certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to the
defeasance and discharge of the debt securities have been complied with as required by the applicable Indenture.
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Transfer and Exchange
We will maintain an office in New York City where the debt securities may be presented for registration of transfer or exchange. This
office will initially be an office or agency of the trustee. No service charge will be imposed by us, the trustee or the registrar for any registration of transfer or exchange of debt securities, but any tax or similar governmental charge required
by law or permitted by the applicable Indenture because a holder requests any shares to be issued in a name other than such holders name will be paid by such holder. We are not required to transfer or exchange any note surrendered for purchase
except for any portion of that note not being purchased.
We reserve the right to:
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vary or terminate the appointment of the security registrar or paying agent;
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appoint additional paying agents; or
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approve any change in the office through which any security registrar or any paying agent acts.
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Payment and Paying Agents
Payments in respect of the principal and interest on global notes registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, or
DTC
, or its nominee will be payable to DTC or its nominee, as the case
may be, in its capacity as the registered holder under the applicable Indenture. In the case of certificated debt securities, payments will be made in U.S. dollars at the office of the trustee or, at our option, by check mailed to the holders
registered address. We will make any required interest payments to the person in whose name each note is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest payment.
We may at any time designate a paying agent or additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a
change in the office through which any paying agent acts.
Subject to the requirements of any applicable abandoned property
laws, the trustee and paying agent shall pay to us upon written request any money held by them for payments on the debt securities that remain unclaimed for two years after the date upon which that payment has become due. After payment to us,
holders entitled to the money must look to us for payment. In that case, all liability of the trustee or paying agent with respect to that money will cease.
Governing Law
The Indentures and the debt securities will be governed by
and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to conflicts of laws.
24
Concerning the Trustee
We will enter into the Indentures with a trustee identified in the relevant prospectus supplement that is also qualified to act under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and with any other
trustee chosen by us and appointed in a supplemental indenture for a particular series of debt securities. We may maintain a banking relationship in the ordinary course of business with our trustee and one or more of its affiliates.
The trustee, in its individual and any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for us as if it were
not the trustee; however, if it acquires any conflicting interest, it must eliminate such conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue or resign.
25
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants for the purchase of
debt securities, common shares, preferred shares or other securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together
with debt securities, common shares, preferred shares or other securities offered by any prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from any such offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant
agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, all as will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of warrants. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection
with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of warrants or beneficial owners of warrants. The summary of the terms of the warrants contained in this prospectus is not complete and
is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety to, all provisions of the applicable warrant agreement, if any, or the applicable form of warrant. Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of warrants offered
pursuant to such prospectus supplement for the terms of and information relating to such warrants, including, where applicable:
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the specific designation and aggregate number of, and the offering price at which we will issue, the warrants;
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the currency in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;
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the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will begin and the date on which that right will expire or, if the warrants may not be
continuously exercised throughout that period, the specific date or dates on which the warrants may be exercised;
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whether the warrants are to be sold separately or with other securities;
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whether the warrants will be issued in definitive or global form or in any combination of these forms;
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any applicable material
non-U.S.
and U.S. federal income tax consequences;
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the identity of the warrant agent for the warrants and of any other depositaries, execution or paying agents, transfer agents, registrars or other
agents;
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the proposed listing, if any, of the warrants or any securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants on any securities exchange;
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the designation and terms of any equity securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;
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the designation, aggregate principal amount, currency and terms of any debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of the warrants;
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if applicable, the designation and terms of the debt securities, preferred stock or common stock with which the warrants are issued and the number of
warrants issued with each security;
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if applicable, the date from and after which any warrants issued with other securities and the related debt securities, common shares or preferred
shares will be separately transferable;
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the number of common shares or preferred shares purchasable upon exercise of a warrant and the price at which those shares may be purchased;
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if applicable, the nature and number of securities of third parties or other rights, if any, to receive payment in cash or securities based on the
value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing, purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;
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if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time;
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
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the antidilution provisions of, and other provisions for changes to or adjustment in the exercise price of or securities issuable upon exercise of, the
warrants, if any;
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any redemption or call provisions; and
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any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange or exercise of the warrants.
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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
We may issue units comprised of two or more of debt securities, common shares, preferred shares, warrants and other securities in any
combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. As a result, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. Each unit
will be issued under a separate unit agreement to be entered into between us and, at our discretion, a bank or trust company, as unit agent, all as will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of units. The unit
agent, if any, will act solely as our agent in connection with the units and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of units or beneficial owners of units. The summary of the terms of the units
contained in this prospectus is not complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety to, all provisions of the applicable unit agreement. Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of units offered
pursuant to such prospectus supplement for the terms of and information relating to such units, including, where applicable:
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the specific designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, and the number of such securities comprising each unit;
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the price or prices at which such units will be issued and the currency in which such price or prices are payable;
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whether the units are to be sold separately or with other securities;
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whether the units will be issued in definitive or global form or in any combination of these forms;
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any applicable material
non-U.S.
and U.S. federal income tax consequences;
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the identity of the units agent for the units and of any other depositaries, execution or paying agents, transfer agents, registrars or other agents;
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the proposed listing, if any, of the units or any securities comprising the units on any securities exchange;
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the designation and terms of any equity securities or warrants included in the units;
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the designation, aggregate principal amount, currency and terms of any debt securities included in the units;
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if applicable, the date from and after which any units and the securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; and
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any additional terms of the units or of the securities comprising the units, including terms, procedures and limitations for the issuance, payment,
settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units.
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28
MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a discussion of material United States federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to
prospective holders of our shares and, unless otherwise noted in the following discussion, is the opinion of White & Case LLP, our U.S. counsel, insofar as it relates to matters of U.S. federal income tax law and legal conclusions with
respect to those matters. The opinion of our counsel is dependent on the accuracy of representations made by us to them, including descriptions of our operations contained herein.
This discussion is based upon the provisions of the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, legislative
history, judicial authority and administrative interpretations, as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, or are subject to different interpretations. Changes in these authorities may
cause the U.S. federal income tax considerations to vary substantially from those described below.
This discussion applies
only to beneficial owners of our common shares that own the shares as capital assets (generally, for investment purposes) and does not comment on all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to certain shareholders
in light of their particular circumstances, such as shareholders subject to special tax rules (
e.g.
, financial institutions, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance companies, traders in securities that have
elected the
mark-to-market
method of accounting for their securities, holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, holders who own, directly,
indirectly or constructively, 10% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of our stock, persons liable for alternative minimum tax, broker-dealers,
tax-exempt
organizations, or
former citizens or long-term residents of the United States) or shareholders that will hold our common shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, all of
whom may be subject to U.S. federal income tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized below. If a partnership or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common shares, the
tax treatment of its partners generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners in partnerships holding our common shares should consult their own tax advisors to determine the appropriate tax
treatment of the partnerships ownership of our common shares.
No ruling has been requested from the IRS regarding any
matter affecting us or our shareholders. Instead, we will rely on the opinion of White & Case LLP. An opinion of counsel represents only that counsels legal judgment and does not bind the IRS or the courts. Accordingly, the opinion
and statements made herein may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS.
This discussion does not address any U.S.
estate, gift or alternative minimum tax considerations or tax considerations arising under the laws of any state, local or
non-U.S.
jurisdiction. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors
regarding the U.S. federal, state, local,
non-U.S.
and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of our common shares.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders
As used herein, the term
U.S. Holder means a beneficial owner of our common shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes: (a) a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien, or a
U.S. Individual Holder
; (b) a corporation, or other entity taxable
as a corporation, that was created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (c) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
(d) a trust that either is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and has one or more U.S. persons with authority to control all of its substantial decisions or has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury
Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
Distributions on Our Common Shares
Subject to the discussion below of passive foreign investment companies or PFICs, any distributions made by us with respect to our common
shares to a U.S. Holder generally will constitute dividends, which may
29
be taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income as described in more detail below, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits allocated to the U.S.
Holders common shares, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits allocated to the U.S. Holders common shares will be treated first as a nontaxable
return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holders tax basis in our common shares and thereafter as capital gain, which will be either long-term or short-term capital gain depending upon whether the U.S. Holder has held the common shares for
more than one year. U.S. Holders that are corporations generally will not be entitled to claim a dividends received deduction with respect to any distributions they receive from us. For purposes of computing allowable foreign tax credits for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, dividends received with respect to our common shares will be treated as foreign source income and generally will be treated as passive category income.
Under current law, subject to holding-period requirements and certain other limitations, dividends received with respect to our common
shares by a U.S. Holder who is an individual, trust or estate, or a
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holder
, generally will be treated as qualified dividend income that is taxable to such
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holder at preferential capital gain tax rates (provided we are not classified as a PFIC for the taxable year during which the dividend is paid or the immediately preceding taxable year).
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Common Shares
Subject to the discussion of PFICs, below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss upon a sale, exchange or other
disposition of our common shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized by the U.S. Holder from such sale, exchange or other disposition and the U.S. Holders tax basis in such common shares.
Gain or loss recognized upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares generally will be treated as (a) long-term
capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holders holding period is greater than one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other disposition, or short-term capital gain or loss otherwise and (b) U.S. source income or loss, as applicable, for
foreign tax credit purposes.
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holders may be eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. A U.S. Holders ability to deduct capital
losses is subject to certain limitations.
PFIC Status and Significant Tax Consequences
Special and adverse U.S. federal income tax rules apply to a U.S. Holder that holds stock in a
non-U.S.
entity treated as a corporation and classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, we will be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (a) at least 75% of
our gross income (including the gross income of certain of our subsidiaries) consists of passive income or (b) at least 50% of the average value of our assets (including the assets of certain of our subsidiaries) is attributable to assets that
produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of these tests, passive income includes dividends, interest, gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and royalties (other than rents and royalties that
are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business) but does not include income derived from the performance of services.
There are legal uncertainties involved in determining whether the income derived from our time chartering activities constitutes rental income or income derived from the performance of services, including
legal uncertainties arising from the decision in
Tidewater Inc. v. United States
, 565 F.3d 299 (5th Cir. 2009), which held that income derived from certain time chartering activities should be treated as rental income rather than services
income for purposes of a foreign sales corporation provision of the Code. However, the IRS stated in an Action on Decision (AOD
2010-01)
that it disagrees with, and will not acquiesce to, the way that the
rental versus services framework was applied to the facts in the
Tidewater
decision, and in its discussion stated that the time charters at issue in
Tidewater
would be treated as producing services income for PFIC purposes. The
IRSs statement with respect to
Tidewater
cannot be relied upon or otherwise cited as precedent by taxpayers.
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Consequently, in the absence of any binding legal authority specifically relating to the statutory provisions governing PFICs, there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court would not follow
the
Tidewater
decision in interpreting the PFIC provisions of the Code. Nevertheless, based on the current composition of our assets and operations (and that of our subsidiaries), we intend to take the position that we are not now and have
never been a PFIC, and our counsel, White & Case LLP, is of the opinion that we should not be a PFIC based on applicable law, including the Code, legislative history, published revenue rulings and court decisions, and representations we
have made to them regarding the composition of our assets, the source of our income and the nature of our activities and other operations following this offering, including:
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all time charters we have entered into are similar in all material respects to those we have provided to White & Case LLP;
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the income from our chartering activities with China Shipping Container Lines (Asia) Co., Ltd., or
CSCL Asia
, COSCO Shipping Lines Co., Ltd., or
COSCON
, Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd., or
MOL
, Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd., or
K-Line
, and Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp., or
Yang Ming Marine
, will be greater than 25% of our total
gross income at all relevant times;
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the gross value of our vessels chartered to CSCL Asia, COSCON, MOL,
K-Line
and Yang Ming Marine will exceed the
gross value of all other assets we own at all relevant times;
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the estimated useful life of each of our vessels subject to a time charter has been and will be 30 years from the date of delivery under the charter;
and
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the total payments due to us under all our of time charters are substantially in excess of the bareboat charter rate for comparable vessels in effect
at the time the time charters were executed.
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An opinion of counsel represents only that counsels best
legal judgment and does not bind the IRS or the courts. Accordingly, the opinion of White & Case LLP may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS.
Further, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a PFIC with respect to any taxable year, there can be no assurance that the nature of our operations, and
therefore the composition of our income and assets, will remain the same in the future. Moreover, the market value of our stock may be treated as reflecting the value of our assets at any given time. Therefore, a decline in the market value of our
stock (which is not within our control) may impact the determination of whether we are a PFIC. Because our status as a PFIC for any taxable year will not be determinable until after the end of the taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will
not be considered a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year.
As discussed more fully below, if we were to be treated
as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder generally would be subject to one of three different U.S. income tax regimes, depending on whether the U.S. Holder makes certain elections.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Timely QEF Election
If we were
classified as a PFIC for a taxable year, a U.S. Holder making a timely election to treat us as a Qualified Electing Fund for U.S. tax purposes, or a
QEF Election
, would be required to report its pro rata share of our ordinary
earnings and our net capital gain, if any, for our taxable year that ends with or within the U.S. Holders taxable year regardless of whether the U.S. Holder received distributions from us in that year. Such income inclusions would not be
eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our common shares would be increased to reflect taxed but undistributed earnings and profits, and distributions of earnings
and profits that had previously been taxed would not be taxed again when distributed but would result in a corresponding reduction in the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in
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our common shares. The U.S. Holder generally would recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares. A U.S. Holder would not, however, be entitled to
a deduction for its
pro-rata
share of any losses that we incurred with respect to any year.
A U.S. Holder would make a QEF Election with respect to any year that we are a PFIC by filing IRS Form 8621 with its U.S. federal income tax return and complying with all other applicable filing
requirements. However, a U.S. Holders QEF Election will not be effective unless we annually provide the U.S. Holder with certain information concerning our income and gain, calculated in accordance with the Code, to be included with the U.S.
Holders U.S. federal income tax return. We have not provided our U.S. Holders with such information in prior taxable years and do not intend to provide such information in the current taxable year. Accordingly, you will not be able to make an
effective QEF Election at this time. If, contrary to our expectations, we determine that we are or expect to be a PFIC for any taxable year, we will provide U.S. Holders with the information necessary to make an effective QEF Election with respect
to our common shares.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a
Mark-to-Market
Election
Alternatively, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and, as we believe, our common shares are treated as
marketable stock, then a U.S. Holder would be allowed to make a
mark-to-market
election with respect to our common shares, provided the U.S.
Holder completes and files IRS Form 8621 in accordance with the relevant instructions. If that election is made, the U.S. Holder generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of our
common shares at the end of the taxable year over the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our common shares. The U.S. Holder also would be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis
in our common shares over the fair market value thereof at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the
mark-to-market
election). The U.S. Holders tax basis in our common shares would be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss recognized. Gain realized on the
sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent that such loss does
not exceed the net
mark-to-market
gains previously included in income by the U.S. Holder. Because the
mark-to-market
election only applies to marketable stock, however, it would not apply to a U.S. Holders indirect interest in any of our subsidiaries that were also
determined to be PFICs.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Not Making a Timely QEF Election or
Mark-to-Market
Election
Finally, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any
taxable year and if a U.S. Holder did not make either a QEF Election or a
mark-to-market
election for that year, the U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules
resulting in increased tax liability with respect to (a) any excess distribution (
i.e.
, the portion of any distributions received by the U.S. Holder on our common shares in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual
distributions received by the U.S. Holder in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the U.S. Holders holding period for our common shares) and (b) any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common
shares. Under these special rules:
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the excess distribution or gain would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holders aggregate holding period for our common shares;
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the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable year prior to the year we were first treated as a PFIC with respect to the U.S. Holder
would be taxed as ordinary income in the current taxable year;
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the amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for the applicable class of taxpayers for
that year; and
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an interest charge for the deemed deferral benefit would be imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such other taxable year.
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Additionally, for each year during which (a) a U.S. Holder owns common shares, (b) we are a PFIC
and (c) the total value of all PFIC stock that such U.S. Holder directly or indirectly owns exceeds certain thresholds, such U.S. Holder will be required to file IRS Form 8621 with its annual U.S. federal income tax return to report its
ownership of our common shares. In addition, if a U.S. Individual Holder is an individual who dies while owning our common shares, such U.S. Individual Holders successor generally would not receive a
step-up
in tax basis with respect to such shares.
U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax
advisors regarding the PFIC rules, including the PFIC annual reporting requirement, as well as the applicability, availability and advisability of, and procedure for, making QEF Elections,
mark-to-market
elections and other available elections with respect to us, and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of making such elections.
Medicare Tax on Net Investment Income
Certain
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holders currently are subject to a 3.8% tax on certain investment income, including dividends and gain from the sale or other disposition of our common shares.
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of our common shares.
U.S. Return Disclosure Requirements for U.S. Individual Holders
Generally, U.S. Individual Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets, including stock in a foreign corporation that is not held in an account maintained by a financial institution, with
an aggregate value in excess of $50,000 on the last day of a taxable year, or $75,000 at any time during that taxable year, may be required to report such assets on IRS Form 8938 with their tax return for that taxable year. This reporting
requirement does not apply to U.S. Individual Holders who report their ownership of our shares under the PFIC annual reporting rules described above. Penalties apply for failure to properly complete and file IRS Form 8938. Investors are encouraged
to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of this disclosure requirement to their investment in our common shares.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of
Non-U.S.
Holders
A beneficial owner of our common shares (other than a partnership or an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. Holder is referred to herein
as a
non-U.S.
Holder.
Distributions on Our Common Shares
In general, a
non-U.S.
Holder is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received
from us with respect to our common shares unless the distributions are effectively connected with the
non-U.S.
Holders conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an
applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment that the
non-U.S.
Holder maintains in the United States). If a
non-U.S.
Holder is engaged in
a U.S. trade or business and the distribution is deemed to be effectively connected to that trade or business, the
non-U.S.
Holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that distribution in
the same manner as if it were a U.S. Holder.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Common Shares
In general, a
non-U.S.
Holder is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain resulting
from the disposition of our common shares unless (a) such gain is effectively connected with the
non-U.S.
Holders
33
conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment that the
non-U.S.
Holder maintains in the United States) or (b) the
non-U.S.
Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the
taxable year in which those shares are disposed of (and certain other requirements are met). If a
non-U.S.
Holder is engaged in a U.S. trade or business and the disposition of common shares is deemed to be
effectively connected to that trade or business, the
non-U.S.
Holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the resulting gain in the same manner as if it were a U.S. Holder.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, payments of distributions with respect to, or the proceeds of a disposition of, our common shares to a
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holder will be subject to
information reporting requirements. These payments to a
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holder also may be subject to backup withholding if the
Non-Corporate
U.S. Holder:
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fails to timely provide an accurate taxpayer identification number;
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is notified by the IRS that it has failed to report all interest or distributions required to be shown on its U.S. federal income tax returns; or
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in certain circumstances, fails to comply with applicable certification requirements.
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Non-U.S.
Holders may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and
backup withholding on payments made to them within the United States by certifying their status on an IRS
Form W-8BEN,
W-8BEN-E,
W-8ECI
or
W-8IMY,
as applicable.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, a holder generally may obtain a credit for any amount withheld against its liability
for U.S. federal income tax (and obtain a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such liability) by accurately completing and timely filing a U.S. federal income tax return with the IRS.
34
MATERIAL
NON-UNITED
STATES TAX CONSIDERATIONS
Material Marshall Islands Tax Considerations
The following discussion is the opinion of Reeder & Simpson, P.C., our counsel as to matters of the laws of the Republic of the
Marshall Islands, and the current laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands applicable to persons who do not reside in, maintain offices in or engage in business in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Because we do not, and we do not expect that we will, conduct business or operations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and because
all documentation related to this offering will be executed outside of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, under current Marshall Islands law you will not be subject to Marshall Islands taxation or withholding on distributions, including upon a
return of capital, we make to you as a shareholder. In addition, you will not be subject to Marshall Islands stamp, capital gains or other taxes on the purchase, ownership or disposition of shares and you will not be required by the Republic of the
Marshall Islands to file a tax return relating to the shares.
Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult its tax
counsel or other advisor with regard to the legal and tax consequences, under the laws of pertinent jurisdictions, including the Marshall Islands, of its investment in us. Further, it is the responsibility of each shareholder to file all state,
local and
non-U.S.,
as well as U.S. federal tax returns that may be required of it.
Material
Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion is the opinion of Blake, Cassels & Graydon
LLP, our Canadian tax counsel, as to the material Canadian federal income tax consequences under the Income Tax Act (Canada), or the Canada Tax Act, as of the date of this prospectus, that we believe are relevant to prospective shareholders who may
purchase common shares from the selling security-holders, where such prospective shareholders are, at all relevant times, for the purposes of the Canada Tax Act and the Canada-United States Tax Convention 1980, or the
Canada-U.S.
Treaty, resident only in the United States, who are qualifying persons for purposes of the
Canada-U.S.
Treaty and who deal at arms length
with us and the selling security-holder, or U.S. Resident Holders. This discussion may not apply to United States limited liability companies or insurers; accordingly, such holders should consult their own tax advisors. The opinion of our counsel is
dependent on the accuracy of representations made by us to them, including descriptions of our operations contained herein.
This discussion is based upon the current provisions of the Canada Tax Act and the regulations thereunder in force as of the date of the
prospectus, all specific proposals to amend the Canada Tax Act or the regulations thereunder that have been publicly announced by, or on behalf of, the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date hereof (the Tax Proposals), the current provisions
of the
Canada-U.S.
Treaty, and our understanding of the published administrative policies and assessing practices of the Canada Revenue Agency. This discussion assumes that the Tax Proposals will be enacted as
currently proposed, but no assurance can be given that this will be the case. This discussion is not exhaustive of all possible Canadian federal income tax considerations and, except for the Tax Proposals, does not take into account or anticipate
any changes in law or in the administrative or assessing policies and practices of the Canada Revenue Agency, whether by legislative, governmental or judicial action, nor does it take into account provincial, territorial or foreign tax
considerations.
Subject to the assumptions below, under the Canada Tax Act, no taxes on income (including taxable capital
gains and withholding tax on dividends) are payable by U.S. Resident Holders in respect of the acquisition, holding, disposition or redemption of our shares. This opinion is based upon the assumptions that we are not a resident of Canada and such
U.S. Resident Holders do not have, and have not had, for the purposes of the
Canada-U.S.
Treaty, a permanent establishment in Canada to which such shares pertain and, in addition, do not use or hold and are
not deemed or considered to use or hold such shares in the course of carrying on a business in Canada. Based on the Canada Tax Act as currently enacted, we will not be resident in Canada in a
35
particular taxation year if our principal business in that year is international shipping, all or substantially all of our gross revenue for that year consists of gross revenue from
international shipping, and we were not granted articles of continuance in Canada before the end of that year. International shipping is defined as the operation of ships that are owned or leased by an operator and that are used
primarily in transporting passengers or goods in international traffic and includes the chartering of ships, provided that one or more persons related to the operator (if the operator and each such person is a corporation), or persons or
partnerships affiliated with the operator (in any other case), has complete possession, control and command of the ship. The leasing of a ship by a lessor to a lessee that has complete possession, control and command of the ship is excluded from the
international shipping definition, unless the lessor or a corporation, trust or partnership affiliated with the lessor has an eligible interest in the lessee.
The definition of international shipping was introduced following industry consultation, with the intent of providing shipping companies with flexibility in the manner in which they structure
their intra-group chartering contracts. Based on our operations and our understanding of the foregoing intention of the definition of international shipping, we do not believe that we are, nor do we expect to be, resident in Canada for
purposes of the Canada Tax Act, and we intend that our affairs will be conducted and operated in a manner such that we do not become a resident of Canada under the Canada Tax Act. However, if we were or become resident in Canada, we would be or
become subject under the Canada Tax Act to Canadian income tax on our worldwide income and our
non-Canadian
resident shareholders would be or become subject to Canadian withholding tax on dividends paid in
respect of our shares. Generally, a corporation that is not resident in Canada will be taxable in Canada on income it earns from carrying on a business in Canada and on gains from the disposition of property used in a business carried on in Canada.
However, there are specific statutory exemptions under the Canada Tax Act that provide that income earned in Canada by a
non-resident
corporation from international shipping, and gains realized from the
disposition of ships used principally in international traffic, are not included in the
non-resident
corporations income for Canadian tax purposes where the corporations country of residence grants
substantially similar relief to a Canadian resident. We have been advised by Reeder & Simpson, P.C., that a Canadian resident corporation that carries on an international shipping business, as described in the previous sentence, in the
Republic of the Marshall Islands is exempt from income tax under the current laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Subject to the below assumption, we expect that we will qualify for these statutory exemptions under the Canada Tax Act. Based on our
operations, we do not believe that we are, nor do we expect to be, carrying on a business in Canada for purposes of the Canada Tax Act other than a business that would provide us with these statutory exemptions from Canadian income tax. The
foregoing is based upon the assumption that we are a resident of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. However, these statutory exemptions are contingent upon reciprocal treatment being provided under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall
Islands. If in the future as a
non-resident
of Canada, we are carrying on a business in Canada that is not exempt from Canadian income tax, or these statutory exemptions are not accessible due to changes in
the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or otherwise, we would be subject to Canadian income tax on our
non-exempt
income earned in Canada which could reduce our earnings available for distribution to
shareholders.
Please see Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewTaxation of the
CompanyCanadian Taxation in our Annual Report on Form
20-F
for the year ended December 31, 2017 for a further discussion, separate from this opinion, of the tax consequences of us becoming a
resident of Canada.
This discussion is general in nature only and is not intended to be, nor should it be considered to be,
legal or tax advice to any particular shareholder and no representation with respect to the consequences to any particular shareholder is made.
Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult its tax counsel or other advisor with regard to the legal and tax consequences, under the laws of pertinent jurisdictions, including Canada, of its
investment in us. Further, it is the responsibility of each shareholder to file all state, local and
non-U.S.,
as well as U.S. federal tax returns that may be required of it.
36
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The securities being offered by this prospectus may be sold:
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to or through one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or agency basis;
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through put or call option transactions relating to the securities;
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through broker-dealers (acting as agent or principal);
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directly to purchasers, through a specific bidding or auction process, on a negotiated basis or otherwise;
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through any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law; or
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through a combination of any such methods of sale.
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At any time a particular offer of the securities covered by this prospectus is made, a revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate
amount of securities covered by this prospectus being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any underwriters, dealers, brokers or agents, any discounts, commissions, concessions and other items constituting
compensation from us and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or
re-allowed
or paid to dealers. Such prospectus supplement, and, if necessary, a post-effective amendment to the registration
statement on
Form S-3
of which this prospectus is a part, will be filed with the SEC to reflect the disclosure of additional information with respect to the distribution of the securities covered by this
prospectus. In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities sold under this prospectus may only be sold through registered or licensed broker-dealers. In addition, in some states the securities may not be
sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.
Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
The distribution of securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including block transactions
and transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or any other organized market where the securities may be traded. The securities may be sold at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at
prices relating to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The consideration may be cash or another form negotiated by the parties. Agents, underwriters or broker-dealers may be paid compensation for offering and selling the
securities. That compensation may be in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions to be received from us or from the purchasers of the securities. Any dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be
underwriters, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts. If any such dealers or agents were deemed to be underwriters, they may be subject to statutory liabilities under the Securities
Act.
Agents may from time to time solicit offers to purchase the securities. If required, we will name in the applicable
prospectus supplement any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and set forth any compensation payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the
period of its appointment. Any agent selling the securities covered by this prospectus may be deemed to be an underwriter, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, of the securities.
37
If underwriters are used in a sale, securities will be acquired by the underwriters for
their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or under delayed delivery contracts or other
contractual commitments. Securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. If an underwriter or underwriters are
used in the sale of securities, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriter or underwriters, with respect to a particular underwritten offering of securities, and will set forth
the terms of the transactions, including compensation of the underwriters and dealers and the public offering price, if applicable. The prospectus and prospectus supplement will be used by the underwriters to resell the securities.
If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities, we, the selling security-holders or an underwriter will sell the securities to the
dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. To the extent required, we will set forth in the prospectus supplement the name of the dealer and
the terms of the transactions.
We or the selling security-holders may directly solicit offers to purchase the securities and
may make sales of securities directly to institutional investors or others. These persons may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resale of the securities. To the extent required, the prospectus
supplement will describe the terms of any such sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if used.
Agents,
underwriters and dealers may be entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us or the selling security-holders to indemnification by us against specified liabilities, including liabilities incurred under the Securities Act, or to
contribution by us or the selling security-holders to payments they may be required to make in respect of such liabilities. If required, the prospectus supplement will describe the terms and conditions of the indemnification or contribution. Some of
the agents, underwriters or dealers, or their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or our subsidiaries.
Under the securities laws of some jurisdictions, the securities offered by this prospectus may be sold in those jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.
Any person participating in the distribution of securities registered under the registration statement that includes this prospectus will
be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the applicable SEC rules and regulations, including, among others, Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of our securities by that person. Furthermore,
Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of our securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities. These restrictions may affect the marketability of our securities and the ability
of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities.
Certain persons participating
in an offering may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the offered securities. These activities may maintain the price of the
offered securities at levels above those that might otherwise prevail in the open market, including by entering stabilizing bids, effecting syndicate covering transactions or imposing penalty bids, each of which is described below.
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A stabilizing bid means the placing of any bid, or the effecting of any purchase, for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of a
security.
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A syndicate covering transaction means the placing of any bid on behalf of the underwriting syndicate or the effecting of any purchase to reduce a
short position created in connection with the offering.
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38
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A penalty bid means an arrangement that permits the managing underwriter to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member in connection with the
offering when offered securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in syndicate covering transactions.
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These transactions may be effected on an exchange or automated quotation system, if the securities are listed on that exchange or admitted for trading on that automated quotation system, or in the
over-the-counter
market or otherwise.
If so
indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase offered securities from us at the public offering price set forth in such
prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. Such contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement and the prospectus
supplement will set forth the commission payable for solicitation of such contracts.
In addition, common shares may be issued
upon conversion of or in exchange for debt securities or other securities.
Any underwriters to whom offered securities are
sold for public offering and sale may make a market in such offered securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. The offered securities may or may not be listed on
a national securities exchange. No assurance can be given that there will be a market for the offered securities.
Any
securities that qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 or Regulation S under the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 or Regulation S rather than pursuant to this prospectus.
To the extent that we or the selling security-holders make sales to or through one or more underwriters or agents in
at-the-market
offerings, we or the selling security-holders will do so pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement between us or the selling security-holders and the
underwriters or agents. If we engage in
at-the-market
sales pursuant to a distribution agreement, we or the selling security-holders will sell our common shares to or
through one or more underwriters or agents, which may act on an agency basis or on a principal basis. During the term of any such agreement, we or the selling security-holders may sell common shares on a daily basis in exchange transactions or
otherwise as we agree with the underwriters or agents. The distribution agreement will provide that any common shares sold will be sold at prices related to the then-prevailing market prices for our common shares. Therefore, exact figures regarding
proceeds that will be raised or commissions to be paid cannot be determined at this time and will be described in a prospectus supplement. Pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement, we or the selling security-holders also may agree to
sell, and the relevant underwriters or agents may agree to solicit offers to purchase, blocks of our common shares or warrants. The terms of each such distribution agreement will be set forth in more detail in a prospectus supplement to this
prospectus.
In the event that any underwriter or agent acts as principal, or broker-dealer acts as underwriter, it may engage
in certain transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities. We will describe any such activities in the prospectus supplement relating to the transaction.
Offers to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus may be solicited, and sales of the securities may be made, by us or the
selling security-holders directly to institutional investors or others, who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any
re-sales
of the securities. The terms
of any offer made in this manner will be included in the prospectus supplement relating to the offer.
In connection with
offerings made through underwriters or agents, we or the selling security-holders may enter into agreements with such underwriters or agents pursuant to which we receive our outstanding
39
securities in consideration for the securities being offered to the public for cash. In connection with these arrangements, the underwriters or agents may also sell securities covered by this
prospectus to hedge their positions in these outstanding securities, including in short sale transactions. If so, the underwriters or agents may use the securities received from us under these arrangements to close out any related open borrowings of
securities.
We or the selling security-holders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties or sell securities
not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, such third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) may sell
securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, such third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to
settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of shares, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of shares. The third parties (or affiliates of such third
parties) in such sale transactions will be underwriters and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment).
We or the selling security-holders may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell
the securities using this prospectus. Such financial institution or third party may transfer its short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities offered by this prospectus or in
connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities offered by this prospectus.
40
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are a Marshall Islands corporation, and our principal executive offices are located outside of the United States in Hong Kong. A
majority of our directors and officers and some of the experts named in this prospectus reside outside of the United States. In addition, a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of our directors, officers and experts are located outside
of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United States upon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in
U.S. courts against us or those persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws.
In addition, the courts of the Marshall Islands or Hong Kong may not (a) enter judgments in original actions brought in those courts predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws or
(b) recognize or enforce against us or any of our officers, directors or experts judgments of courts of the United States predicated on U.S. federal or state securities laws. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise stated in an applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the common shares and certain other legal matters with
respect to the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands will be passed upon for us by Dennis J. Reeder, Reeder & Simpson, P.C. Certain other legal matters will be passed upon for us by White & Case LLP and by Blake,
Cassels & Graydon LLP. White & Case LLP and Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP may rely on the opinions of Dennis J. Reeder, Reeder & Simpson, P.C. for all matters of Marshall Islands law.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Seaspan Corporation as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for each of the three years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, and
managements assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, have been audited by KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, and have been incorporated by reference herein
in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, which reports are also incorporated herein by reference, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
EXPENSES
The following table sets forth costs
and expenses, other than any underwriting discounts and commissions, we expect to incur in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities covered by this prospectus. All amounts are estimated except the SEC registration fee.
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U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee
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$
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283,792
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Legal fees and expenses
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*
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Accounting fees and expenses
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*
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NYSE fees
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*
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Miscellaneous
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*
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Total
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$
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*
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*
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To be provided by a prospectus supplement or a Report on Form 6-K that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
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42
6,000,000 Shares
Seaspan Corporation
Series I
Fixed-to-Floating
Rate Cumulative Redeemable
Perpetual
Preferred Shares
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Joint
Book-Running Managers
Morgan Stanley
J.P. Morgan
RBC
Capital Markets
UBS Investment Bank
Stifel
Citigroup
September 12, 2018
Seaspan Corp. Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Series E (Marshall Islands) (NYSE:SSWPE)
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Seaspan Corp. Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Series E (Marshall Islands) (NYSE:SSWPE)
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