Securities Act File No. 333-122917
ICA No. 811- 21720
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
( ) this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
This Prospectus provides important information about the Fund that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.
Acquired fund fees and expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund's financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The acquired fund fees and expenses
does not include the cost of investing in underlying pools, like commodity pools, that are not investment companies. The Fund estimates that underlying pool expenses, if presented, would be 0.40%. This estimate does not include performance-based fees, which cannot be meaningfully estimated, paid by underlying pools of up to 20% of an underlying pool's profits.
The Fund's adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fees and reimburse expenses of the Fund, at least until October 31,
2014
to ensure that total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and reimbursement (exclusive of any
front-end or contingent deferred loads, brokerage fees and commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), taxes, and extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees, contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the Adviser))
will not exceed 1.98% for Class I shares, 2.23% for Class A shares and 2.98% for Class
C shares. Waived fees and reimbursed expenses are subject to possible recoupment from the Fund in future years on a rolling three year basis (within the three years after the waiver or reimbursement) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. This agreement may be terminated only by the Fund's Board of Trustees on 60 days written notice to the adviser.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
August 28,
2013
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the PTA Comprehensive Alternatives Fund (the "Fund") dated
August 28, 2013,
and the Annual Report to Shareholders of the Fund dated April 30,
2013.
You can obtain copies of the Fund's Prospectus, annual or semiannual reports without charge by contacting the Fund's transfer agent, Gemini Fund Services, LLC, 17605 Wright Street,
Omaha, Nebraska 68130 or by calling 1-888-899-2726. You may also obtain a Prospectus or shareholder report by visiting the Fund's website at
www.PreservationTrust.com
.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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THE FUND
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TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
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POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
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MANAGEMENT
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
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INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS
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THE DISTRIBUTOR
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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY
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ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE
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PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
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OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
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DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
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ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM
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PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
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TAX STATUS
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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
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LEGAL COUNSEL
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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APPENDIX A PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
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THE FUND
The PTA Comprehensive Alternatives Fund is a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized on January 19, 2005 (the "Trust"). The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the "Board" or "Trustees").
The Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. All shares of the Fund have equal rights and privileges. Each share of the Fund is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote. In addition, each share of the Fund is entitled to participate equally with other shares (i) in dividends and distributions declared by the Fund, on a per-class basis and (ii) upon liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. Shares of the Fund are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.
The Fund is a diversified series of the Trust. The Fund's investment objective, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus. The Board may add classes to the Fund, start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time.
The Fund offers three classes of shares: Class I, Class A shares and Class C shares. Each share class represents an interest in the same assets of the Fund, has the same rights and is identical in all material respects except that (i) each class of shares may be subject to different (or no) sales loads, (ii) each class of shares may bear different (or no) distribution fees; (iii) each class of shares may have different shareholder features, such as minimum investment amounts; (iv) certain other class-specific expenses will be borne solely by the class to which such expenses are attributable, including transfer agent fees attributable to a specific class of shares, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials to current shareholders of a specific class, registration fees paid by a specific class of shares, the expenses of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class, litigation or other legal expenses relating to a class of shares, Trustees' fees or expenses paid as a result of issues relating to a specific class of shares and accounting fees and expenses relating to a specific class of shares and (v) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to its own distribution arrangements. The Board of Trustees may classify and reclassify the shares of the Fund into additional classes of shares at a future date.
Under the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his/her earlier death, incapacity, resignation or removal. Shareholders can remove a Trustee to the extent provided by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act") and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, except insofar as the 1940 Act may require the election by shareholders. As a result, normally no annual or regular meetings of shareholders will be held unless matters arise requiring a vote of shareholders under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act.
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
The investment objective of the Fund and the descriptions of the Fund's principal investment strategies are set forth under "Investment Objective, Principal Investment Strategies, Principal Investment Risks" in the Prospectus. The Fund's investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust.
The following pages contain more detailed information about the types of instruments in which the Fund may invest and strategies Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC (the "Adviser") or the Funds sub-adviser (s) may employ in pursuit of the Fund's investment objective and a summary of related risks.
Equity Securities
Equity securities in which the Fund invests include common stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common stocks, such as convertible bonds, warrants, rights and options. The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors, including the activities and financial condition of individual companies, the business market in which individual companies compete and general market and economic conditions. Equity securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be significant.
Common Stock
Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price.
Preferred Stock
The Fund may invest in preferred stock with no minimum credit rating. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income securities and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market's perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company's worth.
Convertible Securities and Convertible Arbitrage
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities with no minimum credit rating. Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer's underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
Convertible Arbitrage
Convertible Arbitrage involves purchasing a portfolio of convertible securities, generally convertible bonds, and hedging a portion of equity risk by selling short the underlying common stock. The Fund may also seek to hedge interest rate exposure under some circumstances or use certain strategies to maintain a sector and market neutral portfolio. The average grade of bond in a portfolio is typically below investment grade with individual ratings ranging from AA to CCC. However, as the default risk of the company is typically hedged by shorting the underlying common stock, the expected risk is considerably better than the rating of the unhedged bond may indicate.
Warrants
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may have a life ranging from less than one year to twenty years, or they may be perpetual. However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In addition, a warrant is worthless if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's exercise price during the life of the warrant. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned common stock.
Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), which are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Many of the risks described below regarding foreign securities apply to investments in ADRs.
Foreign Securities
General
. Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Fund by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign countries. Finally, the establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations.
To the extent the Fund's currency exchange transactions do not fully protect the Fund against adverse changes in currency exchange rates, decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund's assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund's assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated). The Fund may invest in exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") and other investment companies that hold a portfolio of foreign securities.
Emerging Markets Securities
. Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security. The Fund may purchase ETFs and closed-end funds that invest in emerging market securities.
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers' Acceptances
The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances, which are considered to be short-term money market instruments.
Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers' acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then "accepted" by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Commercial Paper
The Fund may purchase commercial paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. It may be secured by letters of credit, a surety bond or other forms of collateral. Commercial paper is usually repaid at maturity by the issuer from the proceeds of the issuance of new commercial paper. As a result, investment in commercial paper is subject to the risk the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity in certain circumstances. Like all fixed income securities, commercial paper prices are susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates. If interest rates rise, commercial paper prices will decline. The short-term nature of a commercial paper investment makes it less susceptible to interest rate risk than many other fixed income securities because interest rate risk typically increases as maturity lengths increase. Commercial paper tends to yield smaller returns than longer-term corporate debt because securities with shorter maturities typically have lower effective yields than those with longer maturities. As with all fixed income securities, there is a chance that the issuer will default on its commercial paper obligation.
Information on Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes
The Fund may invest in fixed time deposits, whether or not subject to withdrawal penalties.
The commercial paper obligations which the Fund may buy are unsecured and may include variable rate notes. The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a "Master Note") permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between the Fund as Lender, and the issuer, as borrower. It permits daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Fund has the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note. The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note. The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit. Because these notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them. Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes may be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Fund's Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously. Variable rate notes are subject to the Fund's investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer on demand within seven days.
Insured Bank Obligations
The Fund may invest in insured bank obligations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as "banks") up to $250,000. The Fund may purchase bank obligations that are fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $250,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability.
Bank Loans
The Fund may invest in bank loans. By purchasing a loan, the Fund acquires some or all of the interest of a bank or other lender in a loan to a particular borrower. The Fund may purchase participations in loans and may purchase assignments of such loans. Investments in loans and loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of any investment restriction relating to the lending by the Fund and, as indebtedness, bank loans are subject to credit risk, liquidity risk and interest rate risk.
As the purchaser of a bank loan, the Fund will depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest. If the Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Fund's share price could be adversely affected. In addition, the Fund may only be able to enforce its rights through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of the lender in addition to that of the borrower.
Bank loans may be secured or unsecured. Loans that are fully secured typically offer the Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower's obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated.
A loan is often administered by an "agent bank," which may be a financial intermediary of any sort, acting as agent for all participation holders. The agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions that are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, a Fund has direct recourse against the borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the agent bank to apply appropriate credit remedies against the lender and borrower.
An agent bank may be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank would generally be appointed, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of the bank loan. However, if assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of the Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent bank's general creditors, the Fund might incur costs and delays in realizing payment on the investment and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest.
The Fund may invest in loan participations that are rated by a nationally recognized rating service or unrated. The Fund does not expect all of the participations in which it invests to be rated. Even with respect to loans that are rated, the Adviser (or sub-adviser, if any) will perform a credit analysis of the borrower in order to make an investment decision. The Fund may invest in loan participations of any credit quality. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.
While some bank loans are traded and may be deemed to be liquid, others, such as loan assignments, loan participations, delayed funding loans, revolving credit facilities, bridge loans and similar types of indebtedness may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. Consequently, it may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Adviser (or sub-adviser, if any) believes to be a fair price. Further, valuation involves a degree of judgment and could result in significant variations in the Fund's daily share price.
The Fund currently intends to treat indebtedness for which there is no readily available market as illiquid for purposes of the Fund's limitation on illiquid investments. (See the discussion entitled "Illiquid and Restricted Securities.") The liquidity of each loan investment will be reviewed according to the requirements of the Trust's liquidity policy.
Investments in loans through a direct assignment of a participation may involve additional risks. For example, if the loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral securing it and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of it. In addition, under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a Fund could be held liable as co-lender.
Certain bank loans may include equity features, such as warrants and conversion rights. These investments involve the additional risks of an equity investment, including potential volatility, valuation difficulties, illiquidity and significant loss, particularly if the equity features expires worthless or is not exercised.
Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund's investments in ETFs, mutual funds and closed-end funds involve certain additional expenses and certain tax results, which would not be present in a direct investment in the underlying fund. Due to legal limitations, the Fund will be prevented from: (1) purchasing more than 3% of an investment company's (including ETFs) outstanding shares; (2) investing more than 5% of the Fund's assets in any single such investment company, and (3) investing more than 10% of the Fund's assets in investment companies overall; unless: (i) the underlying investment company and/or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"); and (ii) the underlying investment company and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In the alternative, the Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-3, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% Limitation and the 10% Limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired fund) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by FINRA for funds of funds. In addition to ETFs, the Fund may invest in other investment companies such as open-end mutual fund or exchange-traded or non-exchange-traded closed-end fund, within the limitations described above.
Closed-End Investment Companies.
The Fund may invest its assets in "closed-end" investment companies (or "closed-end funds"), subject to the investment restrictions set forth above. Shares of closed-end funds are typically offered to the public in a one-time initial public offering by a group of underwriters who retain a spread or underwriting commission of between 4% or 6% of the initial public offering price. Such securities are typically then listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (commonly known as "NASDAQ") and, in some cases, may be traded in other over-the-counter markets. Because the shares of closed-end funds cannot be redeemed upon demand to the issuer like the shares of an open-end investment company (such as the Fund), investors seek to buy and sell shares of closed-end funds in the secondary market.
The Fund generally will purchase shares of closed-end funds only in the secondary market. The Fund will incur normal brokerage costs on such purchases similar to the expenses the Fund would incur for the purchase of securities of any other type of issuer in the secondary market. The Fund may, however, also purchase securities of a closed-end fund in an initial public offering when, in the opinion of the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, based on a consideration of the nature of the closed-end fund's proposed investments, the prevailing market conditions and the level of demand for such securities, they represent an attractive opportunity for growth of capital. The initial offering price typically will include a dealer spread, which may be higher than the applicable brokerage cost if the Fund purchased such securities in the secondary market.
The shares of many closed-end funds, after their initial public offering, frequently trade at a price per share, which is less than the net asset value per share, the difference representing the "market discount" of such shares. This market discount may be due in part to the investment objective of long-term appreciation, which is sought by many closed-end funds, as well as to the fact that the shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the holder upon demand to the issuer at the next determined net asset value but rather are subject to the principles of supply and demand in the secondary market. A relative lack of secondary market purchasers of closed-end fund shares also may contribute to such shares trading at a discount to their net asset value.
The Fund may invest in shares of closed-end fund that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end fund, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of the Fund's shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund.
Closed-end fund may issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end fund's common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end fund's common shareholders. The Fund's investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.
Open-end Investment Companies.
The Fund and any "affiliated persons," as defined by the 1940 Act, may purchase in the aggregate only up to 3% of the total outstanding securities of any underlying fund. Accordingly, when affiliated persons hold shares of any of the underlying funds, the Fund's ability to invest fully in shares of those funds is restricted, and the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, must then, in some instances, select alternative investments that would not have been its first preference. The 1940 Act also provides that an underlying fund whose shares are purchased by the Fund will be obligated to redeem shares held by the Fund only in an amount up to 1% of the underlying fund's outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Shares held by the Fund in excess of 1% of an underlying fund's outstanding securities therefore, will be considered not readily marketable securities, which, together with other such securities, may not exceed 15% of the Fund's total assets.
Under certain circumstances an underlying fund may determine to make payment of a redemption request by the Fund wholly or partly by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, in lieu of cash, in conformity with the rules of the
SEC.
In such cases, the Fund may hold securities distributed by an underlying fund until the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, determines that it is appropriate to dispose of such securities.
Investment decisions by the investment advisers of the underlying funds are made independently of the Fund and its Adviser and sub-adviser(s), if any. Therefore, the investment adviser of one underlying fund may be purchasing shares of the same issuer whose shares are being sold by the investment adviser of another such fund. The result would be an indirect expense to the Fund without accomplishing any investment purpose.
Exchange Traded Funds.
ETFs are typically passive funds that track their related index and have the flexibility of trading like a security. They are managed by professionals and provide the investor with diversification, cost and tax efficiency, liquidity, marginability, are useful for hedging, have the ability to go long and short, and some provide quarterly dividends. Additionally, some ETFs are unit investment trusts
(UITs)
that have two markets. The primary market is where institutions swap "creation units" in block-multiples of 50,000 shares, for example, for in-kind securities and cash in the form of dividends. The secondary market is where individual investors can trade as little as a single share during trading hours on the exchange. This is different from open-ended mutual funds that are traded after hours once the net asset value
(NAV)
is calculated. ETFs share many similar risks with open-end and closed-end funds.
Exchange Traded Notes.
The Fund may invest in exchange-traded notes ("ETNs"), which are a type of debt security that is typically unsecured and unsubordinated. This type of debt security differs from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, and typically, no periodic coupon payments are distributed and no principal protections exists, even at maturity. But as debt securities, ETNs do not own the underlying commodity or other index they are tracking. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines both the aspects of bonds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"). Similar to ETFs, ETNs are traded on a major exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange during normal trading hours. However, investors such as the Fund can also hold the debt security until maturity. At that time, the issuer will pay the investor a cash amount that would be equal to principal amount times the return of a benchmark index, less any fees or other reductions. Because fees reduce the amount of return at maturity or upon redemption, if the value of the underlying decreases or does not increase significantly, the Fund may receive less than the principal amount of investment at maturity or upon redemption.
High Yield (Junk) Securities
The Fund may invest in high yield securities. High yield, high risk bonds are securities that are generally rated below investment grade by the primary rating agencies (BB+ or lower by S&P and Ba1 or lower by Moody's). Other terms used to describe such securities include "lower rated bonds," "non-investment grade bonds," "below investment grade bonds," and "junk bonds." These securities are considered to be high risk investments. The risks include the following:
Greater Risk of Loss.
These securities are regarded as predominately speculative. There is a greater risk that issuers of lower rated securities will default than issuers of higher rated securities. Issuers of lower rated securities generally are less creditworthy and may be highly indebted, financially distressed, or bankrupt. These issuers are more vulnerable to real or perceived economic changes, political changes or adverse industry developments. In addition, high yield securities are frequently subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. If an issuer fails to pay principal or interest, the Fund would experience a decrease in income and a decline in the market value of its investments.
Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes.
The income and market value of lower-rated securities may fluctuate more than higher rated securities. Although non-investment grade securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment grade securities, non-investment grade securities are more sensitive to short-term corporate, economic and market developments. During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the investments in lower-rated securities may be volatile. The default rate for high yield bonds tends to be cyclical, with defaults rising in periods of economic downturn.
Valuation Difficulties.
It is often more difficult to value lower rated securities than higher rated securities. If an issuer's financial condition deteriorates, accurate financial and business information may be limited or unavailable. In addition, the lower rated investments may be thinly traded and there may be no established secondary market. Because of the lack of market pricing and current information for investments in lower rated securities, valuation of such investments is much more dependent on judgment than is the case with higher rated securities.
Liquidity.
There may be no established secondary or public market for investments in lower rated securities. Such securities are frequently traded in markets that may be relatively less liquid than the market for higher rated securities. In addition, relatively few institutional purchasers may hold a major portion of an issue of lower-rated securities at times. As a result, the Fund may be required to sell investments at substantial losses or retain them indefinitely when an issuer's financial condition is deteriorating.
Credit Quality.
Credit quality of non-investment grade securities can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and even recently-issued credit ratings may not fully reflect the actual risks posed by a particular high-yield security.
New Legislation.
Future legislation may have a possible negative impact on the market for high yield, high risk bonds. As an example, in the late 1980's, legislation required federally-insured savings and loan associations to divest their investments in high yield, high risk bonds. New legislation, if enacted, could have a material negative effect on the Fund's investments in lower rated securities.
High yield, high risk investments may include the following:
Straight fixed-income debt securities.
These include bonds and other debt obligations that bear a fixed or variable rate of interest payable at regular intervals and have a fixed or resettable maturity date. The particular terms of such securities vary and may include features such as call provisions and sinking funds.
Zero-coupon debt securities.
These do not pay periodic interest but are issued at a discount from their value at maturity. When held to maturity, their entire return equals the difference between their issue price and their maturity value.
Zero-fixed-coupon debt securities.
These are zero-coupon debt securities that convert on a specified date to periodic interest-paying debt securities.
Pay-in-kind bonds.
These are bonds which allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in cash or in additional bonds. These are bonds are typically sold without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (
the Securities
Act"), usually to a relatively small number of institutional investors.
Convertible Securities.
These are bonds or preferred stock that may be converted to common stock.
Preferred Stock.
These are stocks that generally pay a dividend at a specified rate and have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and in liquidation.
Loan Participations and Assignments.
These are participations in, or assignments of all or a portion of loans to corporations or to governments, including governments of less developed countries ("LDCs").
Securities issued in connection with Reorganizations and Corporate Restructurings.
In connection with reorganizing or restructuring of an issuer, an issuer may issue common stock or other securities to holders of its debt securities. The Fund may hold such common stock and other securities even if it does not invest in such securities.
Municipal Government Obligations
In general, municipal obligations are debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States (including the District of Columbia) and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities. Municipal obligations generally include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. Certain types of municipal obligations are issued in whole or in part to obtain funding for privately operated facilities or projects. Municipal obligations include general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, industrial development bonds, notes and municipal lease obligations. Municipal obligations also include additional obligations, the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax, that may become available in the future as long as the Board of the Fund determines that an investment in any such type of obligation is consistent with the Fund's investment objectives. Municipal obligations may be fully or partially backed by local government, the credit of a private issuer, current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or domestic or foreign entities providing credit support such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance.
Bonds and Notes.
General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer's pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of interest and principal. Revenue bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a project or facility or from the proceeds of a specified revenue source. Industrial development bonds are generally revenue bonds secured by payments from and the credit of private users. Municipal notes are issued to meet the short-term funding requirements of state, regional and local governments. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, construction loan notes, short-term discount notes, tax-exempt commercial paper, demand notes and similar instruments.
Municipal Lease Obligations.
Municipal lease obligations may take the form of a lease, an installment purchase or a conditional sales contract. They are issued by state and local governments and authorities to acquire land, equipment and facilities, such as vehicles, telecommunications and computer equipment and other capital assets. The Fund may invest in funds that purchase these lease obligations directly, or it may purchase participation interests in such lease obligations. States have different requirements for issuing municipal debt and issuing municipal leases. Municipal leases are generally subject to greater risks than general obligation or revenue bonds because they usually contain a "non-appropriation" clause, which provides that the issuer is not obligated to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been appropriated for this purpose each year. Such non-appropriation clauses are required to avoid the municipal lease obligations from being treated as debt for state debt restriction purposes. Accordingly, such obligations are subject to "non-appropriation" risk. Municipal leases may be secured by the underlying capital asset and it may be difficult to dispose of any such asset in the event of non-appropriation or other default.
United States Government Obligations
These consist of various types of marketable securities issued by the United States Treasury, i.e., bills, notes and bonds. Such securities are direct obligations of the United States government and differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. The Fund may also invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (
TIP
s
). TIP
s
are special types of treasury bonds that were created in order to offer bond investors protection from inflation. The values of the TIP
s
are automatically adjusted to the inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index (
CPI
). If the CPI goes up by half a percent, the value of the bond (the TIP
s
) would also go up by half a percent. If the CPI falls, the value of the bond does not fall because the government guarantees that the original investment will stay the same. TIP
s
decline in value when real interest rates rise. However, in certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, TIP
s
may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar duration.
United States Government Agency
These consist of debt securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government, including the various types of instruments currently outstanding or which may be offered in the future. Agencies include, among others, the Federal Housing Administration, Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA" or Ginnie Mae"), Farmer's Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Maritime Administration, and General Services Administration. Instrumentalities include, for example, each of the Federal Home Loan Banks, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC" or "Freddie Mac"), the Farm Credit Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA" or "Fannie Mae"), and the United States Postal Service. These securities are either: (i) backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g., United States Treasury Bills); (ii) guaranteed by the United States Treasury (e.g., GNMA mortgage-backed securities); (iii) supported by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's right to borrow from the United States Treasury (e.g., FNMA Discount Notes); or (iv) supported only by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's own credit (e.g., Tennessee Valley Association). On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Housing Finance Authority (the "FHFA") announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed into conservatorship, a statutory process designed to stabilize a troubled institution with the objective of returning the entity to normal business operations. The U.S. Treasury Department and the FHFA at the same time established a secured lending facility and a Secured Stock Purchase Agreement with both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to ensure that each entity had the ability to fulfill its financial obligations. The FHFA announced that it does not anticipate any disruption in pattern of payments or ongoing business operations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned, in part, by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned, in part, by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates ("PC
s
") which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC's national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-th
r
ough pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities
Interests in pools of mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities (which normally provide periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts and the payment of principal in a lump sum at maturity or on specified call dates). Instead, mortgage pass-through securities provide monthly payments consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a "pass-through" of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Unscheduled payments of principal may be made if the underlying mortgage loans are repaid or refinanced or the underlying properties are foreclosed, thereby shortening the securities' weighted average life. Some mortgage pass-through securities (such as securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae) are described as "modified pass-through securities. " These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, on the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage pass-through securities is Ginnie Mae. Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by lending institutions approved by Ginnie Mae (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgage loans. These mortgage loans are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. A "pool" or group of such mortgage loans is assembled and after being approved by Ginnie Mae, is offered to investors through securities dealers.
Government-related guarantors of mortgage pass-through securities (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Mortgage pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.
Resets. The interest rates paid on the Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities ("ARMs") in which the Fund may invest generally are readjusted or reset at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index. There are two main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost of funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly utilized indices include the one-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury Note rates, the three-month Treasury Bill rate, the 180-day Treasury Bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the National Median Cost of Funds, the one-month or three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury Note rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others tend to lag changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.
Caps and Floors.
The underlying mortgages which collateralize the ARMs in which the Fund may invest will frequently have caps and floors which limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down: (1) per reset or adjustment interval, and (2) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower's monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization. The value of mortgage securities in which the Fund invests may be affected if market interest rates rise or fall faster and farther than the allowable caps or floors on the underlying residential mortgage loans. Additionally, even though the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgages are adjustable, amortization and prepayments may occur, thereby causing the effective maturities of the mortgage securities in which the Fund invests to be shorter than the maturities stated in the underlying mortgages.
Private Mortgage Pass-Through Securities.
Private mortgage pass-through securities are structured similarly to the Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through securities and are issued by United States and foreign private issuers such as originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. These securities usually are backed by a pool of conventional fixed rate or adjustable rate mortgage loans. Since private mortgage pass-through securities typically are not guaranteed by an entity having the credit status of Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, such securities generally are structured with one or more types of credit enhancement.
Mortgage assets often consist a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. There are usually fewer properties in a pool of assets backing commercial mortgage-backed securities than in a pool of assets backing residential mortgage-backed securities hence they may be more sensitive to the performance of fewer mortgage assets. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, those securities may contain elements of credit support, which fall into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the receipt of payments on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. This protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches. The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquencies or losses in excess of those anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in a security. The Fund will not pay any fees for credit support, although the existence of credit support may increase the price of a security.
Stripped Mortgage Securities.
Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by Federal Agencies, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.
Stripped mortgage securities usually are structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distribution of a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of stripped mortgage security will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or "IO" class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or "PO " class). PO classes generate income through the accretion of the deep discount at which such securities are purchased, and, while PO classes do not receive periodic payments of interest, they receive monthly payments associated with scheduled amortization and principal prepayment from the mortgage assets underlying the PO class. The yield to maturity on a PO or an IO class security is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets. A slower than expected rate of principal payments may have an adverse effect on a PO class security's yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience slower than anticipated principal repayment, the Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on an IO class security's yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments or principal, the Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities.
The Fund may purchase stripped mortgage securities for income, or for hedging purposes to protect the Fund's portfolio against interest rate fluctuations. For example, since an IO class will tend to increase in value as interest rates rise, it may be utilized to hedge against a decrease in value of other fixed-income securities in a rising interest rate environment.
Inverse Floaters.
Inverse floaters constitute a class of MBS with a coupon rate that moves inversely to a designated index, such as LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) or 11th District Cost of Funds Index ("COFI"). Inverse floaters have coupon rates that typically change at a multiple of the changes of the relevant index rate. Any rise in the index rate (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate on an inverse floater while any drop in the index rate causes an increase in the coupon rate of an inverse floater. In some circumstances, the coupon on an inverse floater could decrease to zero. In addition, like most other fixed-income securities, the value of inverse floaters will decrease as interest rates increase and their average lives will extend. Inverse floaters exhibit greater price volatility than the majority of mortgage-backed securities. In addition, some inverse floaters display extreme sensitivity to changes in prepayments. As a result, the yield to maturity of an inverse floater is sensitive not only to changes in interest rates but also to changes in prepayment rates on the related underlying mortgage assets. As described above, inverse floaters may be used alone or in tandem with interest-only stripped mortgage instruments.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls.
The Fund may enter into mortgage dollar rolls with a bank or a broker-dealer. A mortgage dollar roll is a transaction in which the Fund sells mortgage-related securities for immediate settlement and simultaneously purchases the same type of securities for forward settlement at a discount. While the Fund begins accruing interest on the newly purchased securities from the purchase or trade date, it is able to invest the proceeds from the sale of its previously owned securities, which will be used to pay for the new securities, in money market investments until future settlement date. The use of mortgage dollar rolls is a speculative technique involving leverage, and is considered to be a form of borrowing by the Fund.
Securities Options
The Fund may purchase and write (
i.e.,
sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell the security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks. The primary difference between stock options and index options occurs when index options are exercised. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the stocks included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 500® Index or the Value Line Composite Index or a narrower market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 100®. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment, such as the AMEX Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business Equipment Index. Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the Pacific Stock Exchange and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange.
The Fund's obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Fund's execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (
i.e.
, same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transactions costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will have incurred a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument or liquidate the assets held in a segregated account, as described below, until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. In such circumstances, the writer will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If the Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by the Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold). If an option written by the Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Certain Risks Regarding Options
. There are several risks associated with transactions in options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Successful use by the Fund of options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, to correctly predict movements in the directions of the stock market. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. In addition, the Fund's ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Fund. Inasmuch as the Fund's securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move in the same amount as the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index and the Fund's securities that would result in a loss on both such securities and the options on stock indices acquired by the Fund.
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of stock index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities comprising the stock index on which the option is based.
There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to close out a call option on securities that it has written before the option is exercised, the Fund may be required to purchase the optioned securities in order to satisfy its obligation under the option to deliver such securities. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
Cover for Options Positions
. Transactions using options (other than options that the Fund has purchased) expose the Fund to an obligation to another party. The Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (i) an offsetting ("covered") position in securities or other options or (ii) cash or liquid securities with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (i) above. The Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with the Fund's custodian in the prescribed amount. Under current SEC guidelines, the Fund will segregate assets to cover transactions in which the Fund writes or sells options.
Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the Fund's assets to cover or segregated accounts could impede portfolio management or the Fund's ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Options on Futures Contracts.
The Fund may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which it may invest. Options on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
Dealer Options
The Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets, which it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.
Spread Transactions
The Fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads,
i.e.,
the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.
Credit Default Swaps.
The Fund may enter into credit default swaps. In a credit default swap, one party makes a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return in the event of a default by a third party, typically an emerging country, on its obligation. The Fund may use credit default swaps to provide a measure of protection against defaults of sovereign issuers (
i.e.
, to reduce risk where the Fund owns or has exposure to the sovereign issuer) and may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of a particular issuer's default. In connection with these agreements, cash or liquid securities may be set aside as collateral by the Fund's custodian in accordance with the terms of the swap agreement. The Fund earns interest on cash set aside as collateral. Swaps are marked to market daily based upon quotations from market makers and the change in value, if any, is recorded as unrealized gain or loss. These financial instruments are not actively traded on financial markets. The values assigned to these instruments are based upon the best available information and because of the uncertainty of the valuation, these values may differ significantly from the values that would have been realized had a ready market for these instruments existed, and the differences could be material. Payments received or made at the end of the measurement period are recorded as realized gain or loss. Entering into these agreements involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit, market, and documentation risk. Such risks involve the possibility that there will be no liquid market for these agreements, that the counterparty to the agreements may default on its obligation to perform or disagree as to the meaning of contractual terms in the agreements, and that there may be unfavorable changes in interest rates.
Additional Risks
Risk of Potential Government Regulation of Derivatives.
It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment goals. For example, some legislative and regulatory proposals, such as those in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act ") (which was passed into law in July 2010), would upon implementation impose limits on the maximum position that could be held by a single trader in certain contracts and would subject some derivatives transactions to new forms of regulation that could create barriers to some types of investment activity. Other provisions would require many swaps to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on dealers that enter into swaps with a pension plan, endowment, retirement plan or government entity, and require banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. While many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act must be implemented through future rulemaking, and any regulatory or legislative activity may not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, it is possible that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective.
Commodity Pool Operator Regulation
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, filed with the National Futures Association, a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Fund's operation. Accordingly, neither the Fund nor its Subsidiary, as defined below, is subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator.
Specific Risks Relating to Managed Futures Trading
Commodity Interests Trading Is Speculative.
Commodity interest prices are highly volatile. Price movements for futures contracts, for example, which may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time, are influenced by numerous factors that affect the commodities markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events and changes in interest rates.
Commodity Interests Trading Is Highly Leveraged.
The low margin deposits normally required in trading commodity interests permit an extremely high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement in a commodity interest may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase 5% of the price of a futures contract is deposited as margin, a 5% decrease in the price of the futures contract would, if the contract were then closed out, result in a total loss of the margin deposit (brokerage commission expense would also be incurred). Like other leveraged investments, any commodity interest trade may result in losses in excess of the amount invested.
Commodity Interests Trading May Be Illiquid.
Most U.S. commodity futures exchanges impose daily limits regulating the maximum amount above or below the previous day's settlement price which a futures contract price may fluctuate during a single day. During a single trading day no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limit. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased to the limit point, it may be difficult, costly or impossible to liquidate a position. Futures prices in particular contracts have occasionally moved the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading. If this occurs, the Fund might be prevented from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions which could result in substantial losses. Those losses could significantly exceed the margin initially committed to the trades involved. In addition, even if prices have not moved the daily limit, or if there are no limits for the contracts traded by the Fund, the Fund may not be able to execute trades at favorable prices if little trading in the contracts is taking place. It is also possible that an exchange or the CFTC may suspend trading in a particular contract, order immediate settlement of a contract or order that trading to the liquidation of open positions only.
Trading Decisions Based on Technical Analysis.
Certain commodity managers use trading programs that use "technical" factors in identifying price moves. The success of technical analysis depends upon the occurrence in the future of price movements. Technical systems will not be profitable and may in fact produce losses if there are no market moves of the kind the system seeks to follow. Any factor that would make it more difficult to execute the trades identified, such as a reduction of liquidity, also would reduce profitability. There is no assurance that any trading systems will generate profits under all or any market conditions.
Reliance on Key Personnel. Many commodity managers depend on the services of one or two key persons. If they cannot or will not provide those services, it could adversely affect their ability to trade.
Possible Effects of Speculative Position Limits and Accountability Levels.
The CFTC and U.S. exchanges have established speculative position limits and accountability levels. Position limits control the number of net long or net short speculative futures or option (on futures) positions any person may hold or control in futures or option contracts traded on U.S. exchanges. Position accountability levels are position levels established by an exchange that, if reached by a person, cause such person to be subject to instructions by such exchange to reduce or not increase such position. Most commodity managers control the commodity trading of other accounts. All positions and accounts owned or controlled the commodity managers and their principals are combined for position limit and accountability level purposes. In order to comply with position limits or exchange limitations arising out of having positions subject to accountability levels, it is possible that a commodity manager will have to modify its trading instructions, and that positions held for the Fund will have to be liquidated. That could have a negative effect on the Fund's profitability.
Increase in Amount of Funds Managed.
If any commodity manager manages more money in the future, including money form the Fund, such additional funds could affect its performance or trading strategies.
Changes in the Number of Available Futures Contracts and Related Options. U.S. and foreign exchanges have established new futures and options contracts in the past few years. This trend could continue. A commodity manager's trading strategy might not be successful trading those new contracts.
Other Clients of Commodity Managers.
Commodity managers manage other accounts. This increases the competition for the same trades which the Fund makes. There is no assurance that the Fund's trading will generate the same results as any other accounts managed by a commodity manager.
Failure of Clearing Brokers, Counterparties, Banks, Custodians and other Financial Firms. Commodity brokers must maintain the Fund's assets (other than assets used to trade foreign futures or options on foreign markets) in a segregated account. If a commodity broker goes bankrupt, the Fund could lose money as it may only be able to recover a pro rata share of the property available for distribution to all of the broker's customers. In addition, even if a commodity broker adequately segregates the Fund's assets, the Fund may still be subject to risk of loss of funds on deposit should another customer of the commodity broker fail to satisfy deficiencies in such other customer's account.
Trading on Foreign Exchanges and Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations. Trading may occur on foreign exchanges and other non-U.S. markets. Neither existing CFTC regulations nor regulations of any other U.S. governmental agency apply to transactions on foreign markets. The Fund is at risk for fluctuations in the exchange rate between the currencies in which it trades and U.S. dollars. It also is possible that exchange controls could be imposed in the future. There is no restriction on how much of the Fund's trading might be on foreign markets.
Trading in Over the Counter Instruments. The trading of over-the-counter instruments, subjects the Fund to a variety of risks including: (1) counterparty risk; (2) basis risk; (3) interest rate risk; (4) settlement risk; (5) legal risk; and (6) operational risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the counterparties might default on their obligation to pay or perform generally on their obligations. The over-the-counter markets and some foreign markets are "principals' markets." That means that performance of the contract is the responsibility only of the individual firm or member on the other side of the trade and not any exchange or clearing corporation. Such "counterparty risk" is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. Basis risk is the risk attributable to the movements in the spread between the derivative contract price and the future price of the underlying instrument. Interest rate risk is the general risk associated with movements in interest rates. Settlement risk is the risk that a settlement in a transfer system does not take place as expected. Legal risk is the risk that a transaction proves unenforceable in law or because it has been inadequately documented. Operational risk is the risk of unexpected losses arising from deficiencies in a firm's management information, support and control systems and procedures. Transactions in over-the-counter derivatives may involve other risks as well, as there is no exchange market on which to close out an open position. It may be impossible to liquidate an existing position, to assess the value of a position or to assess the exposure to risk.
Exchange for Physicals. The Fund may exchange a cash, forward or spot market position outside of regular trading hours for a comparable futures position. Such transactions are subject to counterparty creditworthiness risk. The CFTC has permitted the futures exchanges to expand the types of over-the-counter positions that can be part of an exchange for physicals position.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement, an investor (such as the Fund) purchases a security (known as the "underlying security") from a securities dealer or bank. Any such dealer or bank must be deemed creditworthy by the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon price on a designated future date. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at an agreed upon rate due to the Fund on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund generally will be unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying securities. Repurchase agreements must be "fully collateralized," in that the market value of the underlying securities (including accrued interest) must at all times be equal to or greater than the repurchase price. Therefore, a repurchase agreement can be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying securities.
Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week, and will generally be used by the Fund to invest excess cash or as part of a temporary defensive strategy. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses. These losses could result from: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Fund is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement; (b) possible reduced levels of income or lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
Trading in Futures Contracts
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time and place designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.
Unlike when the Fund purchases or sells a security, no price would be paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon entering into a futures contract, and to maintain the Fund's open positions in futures contracts, the Fund would be required to deposit with its custodian or futures broker in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, suitable money market instruments, or other liquid securities, known as "initial margin." The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.
If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in underlying instrument or index in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund.
These subsequent payments, called "variation margin," to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuate making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to the market." The Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is effected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical underlying instrument or index and the same delivery date. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is more, the Fund realizes a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.
For example, one contract in the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index future is a contract to buy 25 pounds sterling multiplied by the level of the UK Financial Times 100 Share Index on a given future date. Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying instrument or index. If not in the underlying instrument or index, then settlement will be made in cash, equivalent over time to the difference between the contract price and the actual price of the underlying asset at the time the stock index futures contract expires.
When-Issued, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements
The Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled "Custodian") will segregate liquid assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to segregate additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives. Because the Fund will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, to manage them may be affected in the event the Fund's forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until it has paid for and delivered on the settlement date.
Underlying Funds
The Fund
may
invest
a portion of its assets directly, or through its Subsidiary, in corporations (including foreign corporations), limited partnerships and other pooled investment vehicles ("Underlying Funds"). Each Underlying Fund, or share class of the Underlying Fund, is managed by its own manager or trading adviser, pursuant to a proprietary strategy. Some Underlying Funds use a form of leverage often referred to as "notional funding" - that is the nominal trading level for an Underlying Fund will exceed the cash deposited in its trading accounts. For example, if the Underlying Fund manager wants the Underlying Fund to trade a $200,000,000 portfolio (the "nominal trading level") the Underlying Fund's margin requirement may be $10,000,000. The Underlying Fund can either deposit $200,000,000 to "fully fund" the account or can deposit only a portion of the $200,000,000, provided that the amount deposited meets the account's ongoing minimum margin requirements. The difference between the amount of cash deposited in the account and the nominal trading level of the account is referred to as notional funding. The use of notional funding (i.e., leverage) will increase the volatility of the Underlying Funds. In addition, the leverage may make the Underlying Funds subject to more frequent margin calls. Being forced to raise cash at inopportune times to meet margin calls may prevent the Underlying Fund manager from making investments it considers optimal. As currently structured, the cash deposited in the trading account for each Underlying Fund will be available to meet the margin requirements of any share class of the Underlying Fund. However, additional funds to meet margin calls are available only to the extent of the Underlying Fund's assets and not from the Subsidiary or the Fund. Underlying Fund management fees are based on the nominal trading level and not the cash deposited in the trading account. For illustration purposes only, assume an Underlying Fund has assets of $50 million. The Underlying Fund is notionally funded and uses a nominal trading level of $200 million. The Underlying Fund pays its manager an annual management fee of 1% of the nominal account size, or $2,000,000. While the management fee represents 1% of the nominal account size ($200 million), the management fee represents 4% of the cash deposited ($50 million) in the Underlying Fund's trading account. The Underlying Funds are typically offered privately and no public market for such securities will exist. However, shares of the Underlying Funds are redeemable at intervals of one week or less.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the Securities Act
) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers). Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.
Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. The Fund might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders. The Fund might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a "safe harbor" from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A has produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities, and market liquidity for such securities may continue to expand as a result of this regulation and the consequent existence of the PORTAL system, which is an automated system for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers sponsored by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA").
Under guidelines adopted by the Trust's Board, the Fund's Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4
(a)
(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered. A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. In the case of commercial paper, the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two National Statistical Rating Organization ("NRSRO") or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, determines that it is of equivalent quality.
Rule 144A securities and Section 4
(a)
(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4
(a)
(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Fund's assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.
Lending Portfolio Securities
For the purpose of achieving income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities, provided (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities or cash or cash equivalents (cash, U.S. Government securities, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned, (2) the Fund may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of securities loaned, (3) the Fund will receive any interest or dividends received on the loaned securities, and (4) the aggregate value of the securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the Fund.
Short Sales
A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. When the Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
To the extent the Fund sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales "against the box") will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with its custodian in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the difference between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker (not including the proceeds of the short sale).
Wholly-Owned Subsidiary
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly-owned and controlled Cayman Islands subsidiary (the "Subsidiary "), which is expected to invest through Underlying Fund investments (or directly) primarily in commodity and financial futures and option contracts, as well as in swap contracts, structured notes and in fixed income securities and other investments intended to serve as margin or collateral for the Subsidiary's derivatives positions. As a result, the Fund may be considered to be investing indirectly in these investments through the Subsidiary. For that reason, and for the sake of convenience, references in this SAI to the Fund may also include the Subsidiary.
The Subsidiary will not be registered under the 1940 Act but, will be subject to certain of the investor protections of that Act, as noted in this Statement of Additional Information. The Fund, as the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary, will not have all of the protections offered to investors in registered investment companies. However, since the Fund wholly owns and controls the Subsidiary, and the Fund and Subsidiary are both managed by the Adviser, it is unlikely that the Subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of the Fund or its shareholders. The Fund's Board has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including its investment in the Subsidiary, and the Fund's role as the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary. Also, in managing the Subsidiary's portfolio, the Adviser will be subject to the same investment restrictions and operational guidelines that apply to the management of the Fund, including any collateral or segregation requirements in connection with various investment strategies.
Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this Statement of Additional Information and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be changed without approval by a "majority of the outstanding shares" of the Fund which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities. This limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Fund's engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the 1940 Act, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff;
2. Borrow money, except (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund's total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from entering into reverse repurchase transactions, provided that the Fund has an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of the Fund pursuant to reverse repurchase transactions;
3. Purchase securities on margin, participate on a joint or joint and several bases in any securities trading account, or underwrite securities. (Does not preclude the Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities, and except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, by virtue of disposing of portfolio securities);
4. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are securitized by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate, including REITs);
5. Invest 25% or more of the market value of its assets in the securities of companies engaged in any one industry. (Does not apply to investment in the securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options to the full extent permitted under the 1940 Act, sell foreign currency contracts in accordance with any rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, invest in securities or other instruments backed by commodities, and invest in companies that are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities; or
7. Make loans to others, except (a) through the purchase of debt securities in accordance with its investment objectives and policies, (b) to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan, and (c) by loaning portfolio securities.
The Fund observes the following policies, which are not deemed fundamental and which may be changed without shareholder vote. The Fund, except where a restriction applies to only one Fund as noted, may not:
1. Invest in any issuer for purposes of exercising control or management;
2. Invest in securities of other investment companies except as permitted under the 1940 Act;
3. Invest, in the aggregate, more than
15% of its net assets in securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, securities, which are not readily marketable and repurchase agreements with more than seven days to maturity However, if more than 15% of Fund assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) are illiquid, the Fund's Adviser or a sub-adviser, if any, will reduce illiquid assets such that they do not represent more than 15% of Fund assets, subject to timing and other considerations which are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders; or
4. Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in limitation (1) above. Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation.
If a restriction on the Fund's investments is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a subsequent change in the percentage of Fund assets invested in certain securities or other instruments, or change in average duration of the Fund's investment portfolio, resulting from changes in the value of the Fund's total assets, will not be considered a violation of the restriction; provided, however, that the asset coverage requirement applicable to borrowings shall be maintained in the manner contemplated by applicable law.
The Subsidiary will also follow the Fund's fundamental and non-fundamental investment restrictions, described above, with respect to its investments when viewed on a consolidated basis with the Fund. The Fund will look through the Subsidiary for purposes of compliance with diversification, leverage and concentration requirements and restrictions.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.
It is the Trust's policy to: (1) ensure that any disclosure of portfolio holdings information is in the best interest of Trust shareholders; (2) protect the confidentiality of portfolio holdings information; (3) have procedures in place to guard against personal trading based on the information; and (4) ensure that the disclosure of portfolio holdings information does not create conflicts between the interests of the Trust's shareholders and those of the Trust's affiliates.
The Fund discloses its portfolio holdings by mailing the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period. In addition, the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings reports on Forms N-CSR and Form N-Q two months after the end of the quarter/semi-annual period.
The Fund may choose to make portfolio holdings information available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg more frequently on a confidential basis.
Under limited circumstances, as described below, the Fund's portfolio holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q. In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential.
The Adviser and Sub-Adviser(s)
. Personnel of the Adviser, and sub-advisers, if any, including personnel responsible for managing the Fund's portfolio, may have full daily access to Fund portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for the personnel to provide their management, administrative, and investment services to the Fund. As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, portfolio managers may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.
Gemini Fund Services, LLC.
Gemini Fund Services, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant, administrator and custody administrator for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund's portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
Union Bank of California, National Association.
Union Bank of California, National Association is custodian for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund's portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
Cohen Fund Audit Services, Ltd.
Cohen Fund Audit Services, Ltd. is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund's portfolio holdings in connection with auditing of the Fund's annual financial statements and providing assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
Thompson Hine LLP.
Thompson Hine LLP is counsel to the Fund; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund's portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.
Additions to List of Approved Recipients
The Fund's Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above. In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential. There are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. In no event shall the Fund, the Adviser or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Fund's portfolio holdings.
Compliance With Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures
The Fund's Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to compliance with the Fund's portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
There is no assurance that the Trust's policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Fund from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.
MANAGEMENT
The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Trust's By-laws (the "Governing Documents"), which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are available upon request. The Board consists of five ( 5 ) individuals, four ( 4 ) of whom are not "interested persons" (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust
or any investment adviser to any series of the Trust
("Independent Trustees"). Pursuant to the Governing Documents of the Trust, the Trustees shall elect officers including a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Principal Executive Officer and a Principal Accounting Officer. The Board retains the power to conduct, operate and carry on the business of the Trust and has the power to incur and pay any expenses, which, in the opinion of the Board, are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the Trust's purposes. The Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust, when acting in such capacities, shall not be subject to any personal liability except for his or her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
Board Leadership Structure
The Trust is led by Anthony Hertl, an Independent Trustee, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since July 2013. The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Hertl, three (3) additional Independent Trustees, and one (1) Interested Trustee. Michael Miola, the Interested Trustee, is considered an interested person by virtue of his indirect controlling interest in Northern Lights Distributors, LLC. Additionally, under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, (c) execution and administration of Trust policies including (i) setting the agendas for board meetings and (ii) providing information to board members in advance of each board meeting and between board meetings. Generally, the Trust believes it best to have a non-executive Chairman of the Board, who together with the President (principal executive officer), are seen by our shareholders, business partners and other stakeholders as providing strong leadership. The Trust believes that its Chairman, the independent chair of the Audit Committee, and, as an entity, the full Board of Trustees, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust, its Funds and each shareholder.
Board Risk Oversight
The Board of Trustees has a standing independent Audit Committee with a separate chair,
Mark H. Taylor.
The Board is responsible for overseeing risk management, and the full Board regularly engages in discussions of risk management and receives compliance reports that inform its oversight of risk management from its Chief Compliance Officer at quarterly meetings and on an ad hoc basis, when and if necessary. The Audit Committee considers financial and reporting risk within its area of responsibilities. Generally, the Board believes that its oversight of material risks is adequately maintained through the compliance-reporting chain where the Chief Compliance Officer is the primary recipient and communicator of such risk-related information.
Trustee Qualifications
Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience, (ii) qualifications, (iii) attributes and (iv) skills. Mr. Miola has over 20 years of business experience in the investment management and brokerage business, serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards. Gary W. Lanzen has over 20 years of business experience in the financial services industry, holds a Masters in Education Administration degree, is a Certified Financial Planner ("CFP"), serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards. Anthony J. Hertl has over 30 years of business experience in financial services industry and related fields including serving as a capital markets controller, chief financial officer, director of global taxation, chair of the finance committee for the Borough of Interlaken, New Jersey and Vice President-Finance and Administration of Marymount College, holds a Certified Public Accountant designation, serves as a member of four other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other fund boards. Mark H. Taylor has over two decades of academic and professional experience in the accounting and auditing areas, has PhD, Masters and Bachelor degrees in Accounting, is a Certified Public Accountant and is the Andrew D. Braden Professor of Accounting and Auditing at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University. He serves as a member of three other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex, has served a fellowship in the Office of the Chief Accountant at the headquarters of the United States Securities Exchange Commission, served a three-year term on the AICPA Auditing Standards Board (2008-2011), and like the other Board members, possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards. John V. Palancia has over 30 years of business experience in financial services industry including serving as the Director of Futures Operations for Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. Mr. Palancia holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics. He also possesses a strong understanding of risk management, balance sheet analysis and the regulatory framework under which regulated financial entities must operate based on service to Merrill Lynch. Additionally, he is well versed in the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate and serves as a member of three other fund boards. The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustee's qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes them each highly qualified.
The following is a list of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust and each persons principal occupation over the last five years. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68130.
Independent Trustees
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth
|
Position/Term of Office*
|
Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex**
Overseen by Trustee
|
Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years
|
Anthony J. Hertl
^
1950
|
Trustee
Since 2005;Chairman of the Board since 2013.
|
Consultant to small and emerging businesses (since 2000).
|
98
|
AdvisorOne Funds (12 portfolios) (2004-2013); Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund (since June 2010); Satuit Capital Management Trust; The Z-Seven Fund, Inc. (2007 May, 2010), Greenwich Advisers Trust (2007- February 2011), Global Real Estate Fund (2008-2011), The World Funds Trust (since 2010) and Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006)
|
Gary W. Lanzen
^
1954
|
Trustee
Since 2005
|
President, Orizon Investment Counsel, Inc. (2000-2006); Chief Investment Officer (2000 -2010); Founder and Partner, Orizon Group, Inc. (a financial services company) (2000-2006).
|
98
|
AdvisorOne Funds (12 portfolios) (since 2003);
Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund ( 2010-2011); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006)
|
Mark H. Taylor
^
1964
|
Trustee
Since 2007
|
Andrew D. Braden Professor of Accounting and Auditing, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University (since 2009); John P. Begley Endowed Chair in Accounting, Creighton University (2002 2009); Former member of the AICPA Auditing Standards Board, AICPA (2008-2011).
|
111
|
Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Lifetime Achievement Mutual Fund, Inc. (LFTAX) (Director and Audit Committee Chairman) (2007-2012); NLFT III (since February 2012); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2007)
|
John V. Palancia
1954
|
Trustee
Since 2011
|
Retired (since 2011). Formerly, Director of Futures Operations, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. (1975-2011).
|
111
|
Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2011); NLFT III (since February 2012);
Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2012)
|
Interested Trustees and Officers
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth
|
Position/Term of Office*
|
Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex **
Overseen by Trustee
|
Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years
|
Michael Miola***
^
1952
|
Trustee
Since 2005; Chairman of the Board 2005-2013.
|
Co-Owner and Co-Managing Member of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC; Manager of Gemini Fund Services, LLC; Orion Adviser Services, LLC, CLS Investments, LLC, GemCom, LLC and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2003); Director of Constellation Trust Company (since 2004).
|
98
|
AdvisorOne Funds (12 portfolios) (2003-2012); Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006)
|
Andrew Rogers
80 Arkay Drive
Hauppauge, NY 11788
1969
|
President
Since 2006
|
Chief Executive Officer, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2012); President and Manager, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2006 - 2012); Formerly Manager, Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (2006 2008); and President and Manager, GemCom LLC (2004 - 2011).
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Kevin E. Wolf
80 Arkay Drive
Hauppauge, NY 11788
1969
|
Treasurer
Since 2006
|
President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2012); Director of Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2006 - 2012); and Vice-President, GemCom, LLC (since 2004).
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
James P. Ash
80 Arkay Drive
Hauppauge, NY 11788
1976
|
Secretary
Since 2011
|
Senior Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2012); Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2011 - 2012); Director of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2009 - 2011); Assistant Vice President of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2008 - 2011).
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Lynn Bowley
1958
|
Chief Compliance Officer
Since 2007
|
Compliance Officer of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2007); Vice President of Investment Support Services for Mutual of Omaha Companies (2002 2006).
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
* The term of office for each Trustee and officer listed above will continue indefinitely until the individual resigns or is removed.
** The term Fund Complex includes the Northern Lights Fund Trust (NLFT), Northern Lights Fund Trust III (NLFT III) and the Northern Lights Variable Trust (NLVT).
*** Michael Miola is an interested person of the Trust as that term is defined under the 1940 Act, because of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (the Trusts Administrator, Fund Accountant, Transfer Agent) and Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Funds Distributor).
^ These Trustees were named in the SEC order instituting settled administrative proceedings against Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC, Gemini Fund Services, LLC and certain Trustees. For more information, please see the Legal Proceedings section below.
Legal Proceedings
On May 2, 2013, the SEC filed an
order instituting settled administrative proceedings (the Order) against Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (NLCS), Gemini Fund Services, LLC (GFS), certain current Trustees of the Trust, and one former Trustee. To settle the SECs charges, GFS and NLCS each agreed to pay $50,000 penalties, and both firms and the named Trustees agreed to engage an independent compliance consultant to address the violations found in the Order. The firms and the named Trustees agreed to settle with the SEC without admitting or denying the SECs findings, while agreeing to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of those provisions. There were no allegations that shareholders suffered any monetary harm. The SEC charges were not against the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers or the Fund.
The Order found that on certain occasions during the period January 2009 to December 2010, disclosures included in shareholder reports (concerning the Trustees adviser evaluation process under Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act) filed by certain funds of the Trust contained boilerplate disclosures that were materially untrue or misleading in violation of Section 34(b) of the 1940 Act. These disclosures were included in the fund shareholder reports based on board minutes drafted by GFS, reviewed by the Trusts outside counsel, and then reviewed and approved by the Trustees. The Order found that the named Trustees therefore were a cause of these violations. In addition, GFS failed to ensure that certain shareholder reports contained the required disclosures concerning the Trustees evaluation process and failed to ensure that certain series within the Trust maintained and preserved their Section 15(c) files in accordance with 1940 Act recordkeeping requirements. Accordingly, GFS caused those funds violations of Sections 30(e) and 31(a) of the Investment Company Act and Rules 30e-1 and 31a-2(a)(6) thereunder.
The Order found that, during the relevant period, NLCS and the four named Trustees were also a cause of violations of Rule 38a-1(a)(1) under the 1940 Act, which requires registered investment companies to adopt and implement written compliance policies and procedures. Specifically, the Order found that NLCS and the named Trustees failed to implement certain policies and procedures of the Trust that required the funds CCO to provide the advisers compliance manuals to the named Trustees for their review or, as an alternative, summaries of the compliance programs. Rather than following this process, the Order found that the named Trustees approval of the advisers compliance programs was based primarily on their review of a brief written statement prepared by NLCS and a verbal representation by NLCS that such manuals were adequate.
Board Committees
Audit Committee
The Board has an Audit Committee that consists of all the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Audit Committee's responsibilities include: (i) recommending to the Board the selection, retention or termination of the Trust's independent auditors; (ii) reviewing with the independent auditors the scope, performance and anticipated cost of their audit; (iii) discussing with the independent auditors certain matters relating to the Trust's financial statements, including any adjustment to such financial statements recommended by such independent auditors, or any other results of any audit; (iv) reviewing on a periodic basis a formal written statement from the independent auditors with respect to their independence, discussing with the independent auditors any relationships or services disclosed in the statement that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Trust's independent auditors and recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response thereto to satisfy itself of the auditor's independence; and (v) considering the comments of the independent auditors and management's responses thereto with respect to the quality and adequacy of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls. The Audit committee operates pursuant to an Audit Committee Charter and will meet at least once annually. During the past fiscal year, the Audit Committee held twelve meetings.
Compensation
Effective April 1, 2013, each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or an investment adviser to any series of the Trust will receive a quarterly fee of $27,625 for his attendance at the regularly scheduled meeting of the Board of Trustees, to be paid in advance of each calendar quarter, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred. Prior to April 1, 2013 each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or an adviser received a quarterly fee of $21,500. Effective July 1, 2013, in addition to the quarterly fees and reimbursements, the Chairman of the Board receives a $30,000 annual fee, and the Audit Committee Chairman receives a $15,000 annual fee, each to be paid quarterly and allocated between the Trust and Northern Lights Variable Trust.
Additionally, in the event a meeting of the Board of Trustees other than its regularly scheduled meetings (a Special Meeting) is required, each Independent Trustee will receive a fee of $2,500 per Special Meeting, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred, to be paid by the relevant series of the Trust or its investment adviser depending on the circumstances necessitating the Special Meeting.
The interested persons who serve as Trustees of the Trust receive no compensation for their services as Trustees. None of the executive officers receive compensation from the Trust.
The table below details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Trust during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013. Each Independent Trustee attended all quarterly meetings during the period. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan.
|
|
|
|
|
Name and
Position
|
Aggregate Compensation From Trust**
|
Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses
|
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement
|
Total Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex*** Paid to Directors
|
Anthony J. Hertl
|
$110,625
|
None
|
None
|
$131,375
|
Gary Lanzen
|
$94,625
|
None
|
None
|
$111,375
|
Mark Taylor
|
$94,625
|
None
|
None
|
$132,125
|
John V. Palancia
|
$94,625
|
None
|
None
|
$127,708
|
Michael Miola*
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
* This Trustee is deemed to be an interested person as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trusts Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant) and Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Funds Distributor) and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Trusts compliance service provider).
** There are currently multiple series comprising the Trust. Trustees fees are allocated equitably among the series in the Trust.
*** The term Fund Complex includes the Northern Lights Fund Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust III and the Northern Lights Variable Trust.
Trustee Ownership
The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Fund as of December 31,
2012.
|
|
|
Name of Trustee
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies
|
Anthony J. Hertl
|
None
|
None
|
Gary Lanzen
|
None
|
None
|
Mark Taylor
|
None
|
None
|
John V. Palancia
|
None
|
None
|
Michael Miola*
|
None
|
None
|
* This Trustee is deemed to be an 'interested person' as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trust's Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant), Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Fund's Distributor) and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Trust's compliance service provider).
Management Ownership
As of
August
1, 2013, the Trustees and officers, as a group, owned less than 1.00% of the Fund's outstanding shares and less than 1.00% of the Fund Complex's outstanding shares.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control.
As of
August
1, 2013, the following shareholders of record owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
Percentage of Fund
|
Class I
LPL Financial
9785 Towne Centre Drive
San Diego, CA 92121-1968
NFS
MGR Trust
U/A 8/10/99
765 Market St. Apt 28D
San Francisco, CA 94103
Schwab
101 Montgomery St
San Francisco, CA 94104-4122
Class C
Bailey Doris
707 2
nd
Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Gilbert Ronald
707 2
nd
Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Greetham James
707 2
nd
Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Martin Thomas
Maiers Jr. Wallace
9785 Towne Centre Drive
San Diego, CA 92121-1968
Serb John
707 2
nd
Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Redfern Robyn
707 2
nd
Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55402
|
187,305
68,244
427,692
2,549
4,373
3,205
2,059
3,191
1,914
1,976
|
15.52%
5.65%
35.43%
7.85%
13.46%
9.86%
6.34%
9.82%
5.89%
6.08%
|
|
|
|
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS
Investment Adviser and Advisory Agreements
Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC
(PTA),
located at
580 California Street,
16
th
Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104,
was formed in 2010 for the purpose of providing investment advisory services to pooled investment vehicles such the Fund and has no other clients. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Fund and PTA, the Fund pays the adviser an annual advisory fee equal to 1.25% of the Fund's average daily net assets. This advisory fee is the same as that paid to the Funds prior adviser. PTA has contractually agreed to waive its fees and reimburse expenses of the Fund, at least until October 31,
2014
to ensure that total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and reimbursement (exclusive of any taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, dividend expense on securities sold short, acquired fund fees and expenses, underlying fund or pool expenses, extraordinary expenses such as litigation or reorganization costs) will not exceed 2.23% for Class A shares, 2.98% for Class C shares, and 1.98% for Class I shares. These expense limits are the same as those provided by the prior adviser. The expense limit agreement between the Fund and PTA may be terminated only by the Fund's Board of Trustees on 60
days
notice. Waived fees and reimbursed expenses are subject to possible recoupment from the Fund in future years on a rolling three year basis (within the three years after the waiver or reimbursement) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. Waived fees and reimbursed expenses can decrease the Fund's expenses and boost its performance.
The Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, agrees to invest the assets of the Fund, directly or through one or more sub-advisers, in accordance with applicable law and the investment objective, policies and restrictions set forth in the Fund's current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and subject to such further limitations as the Trust may from time to time impose by written notice to the Adviser. The Adviser shall act as the investment adviser to the Fund and, as such shall (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, business, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities here under, (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of the Fund in a manner consistent with its investment objective, policies and restrictions, and (iii) determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold, retained or lent by the Fund, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases, sales or loans are to be effected; provided, that the Adviser will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer, and if with a broker or dealer, (a) will attempt to obtain the best price and execution of its orders, and (b) may nevertheless in its discretion purchase and sell portfolio securities from and to brokers who provide the Adviser with research, analysis, advice and similar services and pay such brokers in return a higher commission or spread than may be charged by other brokers. The Adviser also provides the Fund with all necessary office facilities and personnel for servicing the Fund's investments, compensates all officers, Trustees and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors or employees of the Adviser, and all personnel of the Fund or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities.
In addition, the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, provides the management and administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fund. These services include providing facilities for maintaining the Trust's organization; supervising relations with custodians, transfer and pricing agents, accountants, underwriters and other persons dealing with the Fund; preparing all general shareholder communications and conducting shareholder relations; maintaining the Fund's records and the registration of the Fund's shares under federal securities laws and making necessary filings under state securities laws; developing management and shareholder services for the Fund; and furnishing reports, evaluations and analyses on a variety of subjects to the Trustees.
The following table sets forth the annual management fee rate payable by the Fund to the Adviser expressed as a percentage of the Fund's average daily net assets:
|
|
Fund
|
Management Fees
|
PTA Comprehensive Alternatives Fund
|
1.25%
|
The fee is computed daily and payable monthly. The Adviser has agreed contractually to waive its management fee and to reimburse expenses, other than expenses relating to dividends or interest on securities sold short, acquired fund fees and expenses, underlying fund or pool expenses, extraordinary or non-recurring expenses, at least until October 31,
2014,
such that net annual fund operating expenses of the Fund do not exceed the percentages in the table below. Please see the section below entitled "Investment Adviser" for a definition of what are considered to be extraordinary or non-recurring expenses. Waiver/reimbursement is subject to possible recoupment from the applicable Fund in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within three years after the year in which the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. No reimbursement amount will be paid to the Adviser in any fiscal quarter unless the Trust's Board of Trustees has determined in advance that a reimbursement is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Fund's expenses and increase its performance.
|
|
|
Class
|
Expense Cap
|
Minimum Duration
|
I
|
1.98%
|
October 31,
2014
|
A
|
2.23%
|
October 31,
2014
|
C
|
2.98%
|
October 31,
2014
|
Expenses not expressly assumed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement are paid by the Fund. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund is responsible for the payment of the following expenses among others: (a) the fees payable to the Adviser, (b) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated persons of the Adviser or Distributor (as defined under the section entitled ("The Distributor") (c) the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled "Custodian") and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent (as defined under the section entitled "Transfer Agent"), including the cost of maintaining certain required records of the Fund and of pricing the Fund's shares, (d) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent accountants for the Fund, (e) brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Fund in connection with its securities transactions, (f) all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Fund to governmental agencies, (g) the fees of any trade association of which the Fund may be a member, (h) the cost of share certificates representing shares of the Fund, (i) the cost of fidelity and liability insurance, (j) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Fund and of shares with the SEC, qualifying its shares under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Fund's registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes, (k) all expenses of shareholders and Trustees' meetings (including travel expenses of trustees and officers of the Trust who are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser) and of preparing, printing and mailing reports, proxy statements and prospectuses to shareholders in the amount necessary for distribution to the shareholders and (l) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund's business.
The current Investment Advisory Agreement, was approved by the Funds shareholders on October 31, 2011 and will continue in effect for two (2) years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by (a) a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and by (b) the majority vote of either all of the Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty on 60 days written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the Adviser, or by holders of a majority of that Trust's outstanding shares. The Investment Advisory Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund
accrued
$163,555 in advisory fees to the Fund's prior adviser. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, the Fund
accrued
$86,758 in advisory fees, all of which was waived by the adviser.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, the Fund accrued advisory fees of $140,014, all of which was waived by the adviser and the adviser reimbursed certain expenses.
The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with each Sub-Adviser, whereby the Adviser pays such Sub-Adviser a fee calculated at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of the fund managed by the sub-adviser. Each Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that it will terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act). Each Sub-Advisory Agreement may be terminated by the Trust, the Adviser, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, upon written notice to the Sub-Adviser, or by the Sub-Adviser upon at least 60 days written notice. Each Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from its execution only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
Coe Capital Management, LLC, 9 Parkway North, Suite 325, Deerfield, IL 60015, serves as sub-adviser to the Fund, subject to the authority of Northern Lights Fund Trusts Board of Trustees and oversight by the Adviser. As of
April 30, 2013,
Coe Capital Management, LLC
had
approximately $
370
million in assets under management. The sub-adviser manages a portion of the Funds assets, utilizing a long/short equity strategy which is one of the Funds multiple alternative strategies which it employs. The sub-adviser manages the Fund in accordance with its investment objective, policies, and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the adviser and sub-adviser, the sub-adviser is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee based upon the portion of the Fund's average daily net assets which it manages. The sub-adviser is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund. The sub-adviser began managing the Fund since May 31, 2012. Therefore no sub-advisory fees have been paid as of April 30, 2012.
During the fiscal period ended April 30, 2013, the sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser were $17,867.
SSI Investment Management, Inc., 9440 Santa Monica Blvd, 8
th
Floor, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, serves as sub-adviser to the Fund, subject to the authority of Northern Lights Fund Trusts Board of Trustees and oversight by the Adviser. As of
April 30, 2013,
SSI Investment Management, Inc.
had
approximately $
1.587
billion in assets under management. The sub-adviser manages a portion of the Funds assets utilizing a convertible arbitrage strategy which is one of the Fund's multiple alternative strategies which it employs. The sub-adviser manages the Fund in accordance with its investment objective, policies and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the adviser and sub-adviser, the sub-adviser is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee based upon the portion of the Fund's average daily net assets which it manages. The sub-adviser is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund. The sub-adviser is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund. The sub-adviser began managing the Fund Since April 9, 2012. Therefore no sub-advisory fees have been paid as of April 30, 2012.
During the fiscal period ended April 30, 2013, the sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser were $32,992.
Horizon Asset Management LLC (Horizon), 470 Park Avenue South, 4th Floor South, New York, New York 10016, serves as sub-adviser to the Fund, subject to the authority of the Northern Lights Fund Trust Board of Trustees and oversight by the Adviser. Horizon is a subsidiary of Horizon Kinetics LLC (Horizon Kinetics).
As of April 30, 2013, Horizon had approximately $4.755 billion in assets under management.
The sub-adviser is responsible for managing a portion of the Funds assets. The sub-adviser manages the Fund in accordance with its investment objective, policies and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and sub-adviser, the sub-adviser is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee based upon the portion of the Fund's average daily net assets which it manages. The sub-adviser is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund.
During the fiscal period ended April 30, 2013, the sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser were $5,869.
Zebra Capital Management, LLC (Zebra), 612 Wheelers Farms Road, Milford, Connecticut 06461, serves as sub-adviser to the Fund, subject to the authority of the Northern Lights Fund Trust Board of Trustees and oversight by the Adviser. As of April 30, 2013, Zebra had approximately $528 million in assets under management. The sub-adviser is responsible for managing a portion of the Funds assets. The sub-adviser manages the Fund in accordance with its investment objective, policies and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and sub-adviser, the sub-adviser is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee based upon the portion of the Fund's average daily net assets which it manages. The sub-adviser is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund.
Codes of Ethics
The Trust, the Adviser, the Distributor and each sub-adviser, each have adopted codes of ethics (the "Code") under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that governs the personal securities transactions of their board members, officers and employees who may have access to current trading information of the Trust. Under the code of ethics adopted by the Trust, the Trustees are permitted to invest in securities that may also be purchased by the Fund.
In addition, the
Code
applies only to the Trust's executive officers to ensure that these officers promote professional conduct in the practice of corporate governance and management. The purpose behind these guidelines is to promote
(
i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;
(
ii) full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission and in other public communications made by the Fund;
(
iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rule and regulations;
(
iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of this Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and v) accountability for adherence to the Code.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures ("Policies") on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Adviser or its designee, subject to the Board's continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Adviser or its designee vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund and shareholders. The Policies also require the Adviser or its designee to present to the Board, at least annually, the Adviser's Proxy Policies or the proxy policies of its designees and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser or its designee on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest. It is anticipated that the sub-advisers will vote all proxies for the portion of the Fund each manages.
Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Adviser's or a sub-advisers interests and the Fund's interests, the Adviser or sub-advisers
will resolve the conflict by voting in accordance with the policy guidelines or at the client's directive using the recommendation of an independent third party. If the third party's recommendations are not received in a timely fashion, the Adviser or sub-adviser will abstain from voting the securities held by that client's account. A copy of the Adviser's and sub-advisers proxy voting policies are attached hereto as Appendix A.
The Funds proxy voting record is available upon request and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. The Trust is required to disclose annually the Funds complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX including the sub-advisors proxy voting record covering the period July 1 through June 30 and file it with the SEC no later than August 31. Form N-PX for the Fund is available through the Funds website at preservationtrust.com, or by writing to 580 California Street, 16
th
Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104. The Funds Form N-PX is also available on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
Proxies for the Funds portfolio securities not allocated to Sub-Advisers are voted in accordance with the Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures. In addition, the Fund has delegated authority to vote proxies to each Sub-Adviser for the Funds portfolio securities allocated to such Sub-Adviser in accordance with their respective proxy voting policies and procedures. The proxy voting policies and procedures for the Adviser and each Sub-Advisor is set forth in Appendix A to this SAI.
More information
. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund during the most recent 12-month period ending June 30 will be available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at 1-866-899-2726; and (2) on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Fund's proxy voting policies and procedures are also available by calling 1-866-899-2726 and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, located at 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130 (the "Distributor") serves as the principal underwriter and national distributor for the shares of the Trust pursuant to an underwriting agreement with the Trust (the "Underwriting Agreement"). The Distributor is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the state's securities laws and is a member of FINRA. The offering of the Fund's shares are continuous. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Distributor, as agent in connection with the distribution of Fund shares, will use its best efforts to distribute the Fund's shares.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that, unless sooner terminated, it will continue in effect for two years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year, subject to annual approval by (a) the Board or a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Distributor by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated by the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund on 60 days written notice to the Distributor, or by the Distributor at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Fund. The Underwriting Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.
The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended April 30,
2013:
|
|
|
|
Net Underwriting Discounts and Commissions
|
Compensation on Redemptions and Repurchases
|
Brokerage Commissions
|
Other Compensation
|
$
2,671
|
$0
|
$0
|
*
|
* The Distributor received $
16,784
from the Adviser as compensation for its distribution services to the Fund.
The Distributor also receives 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the following section entitled Rule 12b-1 Plan.
Rule 12b-1 Plan
The Trust has adopted
Master
Distribution
Shareholder Servicing
Plans
pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act
for each of the Funds Class A and Class C shares
(the "
Plans")
pursuant to which the Fund
is
authorized to pay the Distributor, as compensation for Distributor's account maintenance services under
the respective
Plans,
a distribution and shareholder servicing fee at the rate of up to 0.25% for Class A share
s
and up to 1.00% for Class C shares of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to the relevant class. Such fees are to be paid by the Fund monthly, or at such other intervals as the Board shall determine. Such fees shall be based upon the Fund's average daily net assets during the preceding month, and shall be calculated and accrued daily. The Fund may pay fees to the Distributor at a lesser rate, as agreed upon by the Board of Trustees of the Trust and the Distributor. The Rule 12b-1 Plan
s
authorize
payments to the Distributor as compensation for providing account maintenance services to
Class A and Class C
Fund shareholders,
respectively,
including arranging for certain securities dealers or brokers, administrators and others ("Recipients") to provide these services and paying compensation for these services.
The Distributor or other entities also receive the proceeds and contingent deferred sales charges imposed on certain redemptions of shares, which are separate and apart from payments made pursuant to the
Plans.
The services to be provided by Recipients may include, but are not limited to, the following: assistance in the offering and sale of
Class A and Class C
shares and in other aspects of the marketing of the shares to clients or prospective clients of the respective recipients; answering routine inquiries concerning the Fund; assisting in the establishment and maintenance of accounts or sub-accounts in the Fund and in processing purchase and redemption transactions; making the Fund' investment plan and shareholder services available; and providing such other information and services to investors in shares of the Fund as the Distributor or the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, may reasonably request. The distribution services shall also include any advertising and marketing services provided by or arranged by the Distributor with respect to the Fund.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013 Class A and Class C paid $8,254 and $1,821, respectively, in distribution related fees pursuant to the Plans. For the fiscal year indicated below, the Fund paid the following allocated distribution fees:
|
|
Actual 12b-1 Expenditures Paid by the Fund During the Fiscal Period Ended April 30, 2013
|
|
Class A
|
Advertising/Marketing
|
None
|
Printing/Postage
|
None
|
Payment to distributor
|
$507
|
Payment to dealers
|
$7,747
|
Compensation to sales personnel
|
None
|
Other
|
$0
|
Total
|
$8,254
|
|
|
Actual 12b-1 Expenditures Paid by the Fund During the Fiscal Period Ended April 30, 2013
|
|
Class C
|
Advertising/Marketing
|
None
|
Printing/Postage
|
None
|
Payment to distributor
|
($34)
|
Payment to dealers
|
$1,855
|
Compensation to sales personnel
|
None
|
Other
|
$0
|
Total
|
$1,821
|
The Distributor is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to
each of
the Rule 12b-1
Plans
and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. Further, the Distributor will inform the Board of any Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Distributor to Recipients.
The Rule 12b-1
Plans
may not be amended to increase materially the amount of the Distributor's compensation to be paid by the Fund, unless such amendment is approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the affected class of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act). All material amendments must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and a majority of the Rule 12b-
1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on a Rule 12b-1 Plan. During the term of
each
Rule 12b-1 Plan, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of current non-interested Trustees. The Distributor will preserve copies of the Rule 12b-1 Plan, any related agreements, and all reports, for a period of not less than six years from the date of such document and for at least the first two years in an easily accessible place.
Any agreement related to
a
Rule 12b-1 Plan will be in writing and provide that: (a) it may be terminated by the Trust or the applicable Fund at any time upon sixty days' written notice, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the respective Rule 12b-1 Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or the Fund; (b) it will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act); and (c) it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The following portfolio managers of the Fund are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
As of April 30,
2013,
each
portfolio manager was responsible for the management of the following types of accounts in addition to the Fund:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
Registered Investment Company Accounts
|
Assets
Managed
($ millions)
|
Pooled
Investment
Vehicle
Accounts
|
Assets
Managed
($ millions)
|
Other
Accounts
|
Assets Managed
($ millions
|
Christopher Wolf
(PTA)
|
0
|
N/A
|
1
|
$35
|
2
|
$40
|
Mark Coe
(Coe)
|
5
|
$67
|
5
|
$200
|
200
|
$100
|
George M. Douglas
(SSI)
|
4
|
N/A
|
1
|
$10.58
|
5
|
$518.54
|
Alex Volz
(SSI)
|
4
|
N/A
|
1
|
$10.58
|
5
|
$518.54
|
Dagney Hollander (SSI)***
|
4
|
N/A
|
1
|
$10.58
|
5
|
$518.54
|
Murray Stahl*
(Horizon)
|
11
|
$1,778.29
|
25
|
$1,589.17
|
966
|
$2,907.19
|
Steven Bregman*
(Horizon)
|
3
|
$61.99
|
3
|
$137.84
|
2,597
|
$2,264.75
|
Peter Doyle*
(Horizon)
|
10
|
$1,642.07
|
14
|
$1,241.46
|
231
|
$1,179.92
|
Roger Ibbotson**(Zebra)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Eric Stokes**(Zebra)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
*As of December 18, 2012
**As of May 23, 2013
***As of August 16, 2013
Other Accounts Managed Subject to Performance-Based Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
Registered Investment Company Accounts
|
Assets
Managed
($ millions)
|
Pooled
Investment
Vehicle
Accounts
|
Assets
Managed
($ millions)
|
Other
Accounts
|
Assets Managed
($ millions)
|
Christopher Wolf
(PTA)
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
Mark Coe
(Coe)
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
$200
|
0
|
$0
|
George M. Douglas
(SSI)
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
Alex Volz
(SSI)
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
Dagney Hollander (SSI)***
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
0
|
N/A
|
Murray Stahl*
(Horizon)
|
0
|
$0.00
|
23
|
$1,367.75
|
7
|
$274.38
|
Steven Bregman*
(Horizon)
|
0
|
$0.00
|
2
|
$96.90
|
0
|
$0.00
|
Peter Doyle*
(Horizon)
|
0
|
$0.00
|
11
|
$416.10
|
3
|
$257.45
|
Roger Ibbotson**(Zebra)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Eric Stokes**(Zebra)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
*As of December 18, 2012
**As of May 23, 2013
***As of August 16, 2013
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser and sub-advisers have
not identified any material conflicts between the Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio managers. However, actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the day-to-day management of the Fund and other accounts. The management of the Fund and other accounts may result in unequal time and attention being devoted to the Fund and other accounts. Another potential conflict of interest may arise where another account has the same investment objective as the Fund, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Further, a potential conflict could include a portfolio manager's knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby he could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Fund. These potential conflicts of interest could create the appearance that a portfolio manager is favoring one investment vehicle over another. To eliminate these potential conflicts of interest, the Adviser and sub-advisers have each adopted policies and procedures to allocate trades pro rata between or among accounts managed.
Compensation
.
Mr. Wolf is compensated through his ownership in the Adviser.
Mr. Coe is compensated through management fees (including performance fee) of the accounts managed by Coe Capital. Total compensation is generally not fixed, but rather is based on the AUM and performance of the accounts Mr. Coe manages. As the portfolio manager is the managing member of Coe Capital, his compensation is impacted by, and additional consideration by received depending upon, net results of the revenues and expenses of the firm.
Mssrs. Douglas and Volz are compensated through a combination of base salary, an annual performance-based bonus, and stock options. The performance-based bonus is based on the investment professionals individual contribution to the products performance and success of the firm.
Horizons portfolio managers are responsible for managing multiple types of accounts that may, or may not, invest in securities in which the Fund may invest or pursue a strategy similar to the Fund. The portfolio managers are responsible for managing a portion of the assets of the Fund and may also manage other registered investment companies, certain of which are managed in a sub-advisory capacity. Horizons portfolio managers may also manage unregistered funds and/or other pooled investment vehicles, separate accounts, and model portfolios.
Compensation of Horizons portfolio managers consists of a salary and discretionary bonus. Salary is typically a function of the skill and experience of the particular individual, and discretionary bonuses are based on the overall contribution to the firm, but are not tied directly to Fund performance. Additionally, shareholders of the firm, some of whom are portfolio managers, derive the benefits normally associated with the ownership of a profitable corporation such as distributions of profits.
Zebras portfolio managers are responsible for managing multiple types of accounts that may, or may not, invest in securities in which the Fund may invest or pursue a strategy similar to the Fund. The portfolio managers are responsible for managing a portion of the assets of the Fund and may also manage other registered investment companies, certain of which are managed in a sub-advisory capacity. Zebras portfolio managers may also manage unregistered funds and/or other pooled investment vehicles, separate accounts, and model portfolios.
Compensation of Zebras portfolio managers consists of a salary and discretionary bonus. Salary is typically a function of the skill and experience of the particular individual, and discretionary bonuses are based on the overall contribution to the firm, but are not tied directly to Fund performance. Additionally, shareholders of the firm, some of whom are portfolio managers, derive the benefits normally associated with the ownership of a profitable corporation such as distributions of profits.
Ownership of Securities
.
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each of the portfolio managers in the Fund as of April 30,
2013.
|
|
Name of Portfolio Manager
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund
|
Christopher Wolf
|
$100,001-$500,000
|
Mark Coe
|
None
|
George M. Douglas
|
None
|
Alex Volz
|
None
|
Dagney Hollander
|
None
|
Murray Stahl
|
None
|
Steven Bregman
|
None
|
Peter Doyle
|
None
|
Roger Ibbotson
|
None
|
Eric Stokes
|
None
|
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. It is expected that the Subsidiary will invest directly or through Underlying Fund investments primarily in commodity and financial futures and option contracts, as well as fixed income securities and other investments intended to serve as margin or collateral for the Subsidiary's derivatives positions.
The Subsidiary is a company organized (on or about November 1, 2011) under the laws of the Cayman Islands, whose registered office is located at the offices of PTACA Fund, Limited, c/o Maples Corporate Services, Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, South Church Street, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary's affairs are overseen by a board of directors consisting of the following directors:
Interested Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Address and Age
|
Position/Term of Office*
|
Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years
|
Anthony J. Hertl
1950
|
Director
Since May
2013
|
Consultant to small and emerging businesses (since 2000).
|
Gary W. Lanzen 1954
|
Director
Since May
2013
|
President, Orizon Investment Counsel, Inc. (2000-2006); Chief Investment Officer (2000 -2010); Founder and Partner, Orizon Group, Inc. (a financial services company) (2000-2006).
|
Mark H. Taylor
1964
|
Director
Since May
2013
|
Andrew D. Braden Professor of Accounting and Auditing, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University (since 2009); John P. Begley Endowed Chair in Accounting, Creighton University (2002 2009); Former member of the AICPA Auditing Standards Board, AICPA (2008-2011).
|
John V. Palancia
1954
|
Director
Since May
2013
|
Retired (since 2011). Formerly, Director of Futures Operations, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. (1975-2011).
|
Michael Miola
1952
|
Director
Since May
2013
|
Co-Owner and Co-Managing Member of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC; Manager of Gemini Fund Services, LLC; Orion Adviser Services, LLC, CLS Investments, LLC, GemCom, LLC and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2003); Director of Constellation Trust Company (since 2004).
|
The Subsidiary has entered into a separate contract with the Adviser for the management of the Subsidiary's portfolio. The Subsidiary has also entered into arrangements with Union Bank, N.A. to serve as the Subsidiary's custodian, and with Gemini Fund Services, LLC to serve as the Subsidiary's transfer agent. The Subsidiary has adopted compliance policies and procedures that are substantially similar to the policies and procedures adopted by the Fund. The Fund's Chief Compliance Officer oversees implementation of the Subsidiary's policies and procedures, and makes periodic reports to the Fund's Board regarding the Subsidiary's compliance with its policies and procedures.
The Fund pays the Adviser a fee for its services. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive the management fee it receives from the Fund in an amount equal to the management fee paid to the Adviser by the Subsidiary. This undertaking will continue in effect for so long as the Fund invests in the Subsidiary, and may not be terminated by the Adviser unless the Adviser first obtains the prior approval of the Fund's Board of Trustees for such termination. If the Adviser employs one or more sub-advisers to manage any or all Subsidiary assets, each sub-adviser will be subject to substantially similar fee waiver provisions. The Subsidiary will bear the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the custody and transfer agency services that it receives. The Fund expects that the expenses borne by the Subsidiary will not be material in relation to the value of the Fund's assets. It is also anticipated that the Fund's own expense will be reduced to some extent as a result of the payment of such expenses at the Subsidiary level. It is therefore expected that the Fund's investment in the Subsidiary will not result in the Fund's paying duplicative fees for similar services provided to the Fund and Subsidiary.
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE
Specific decisions to purchase or sell securities for the Fund are made by the portfolio manager, who is an employee of the Adviser. The Adviser is authorized by the Trustees to allocate the orders placed by it on behalf of the Fund to brokers or dealers who may, but need not, provide research or statistical material or other services to the Fund or the Adviser for the Fund's use. Such allocation is to be in such amounts and proportions as the Adviser may determine.
In selecting a broker or dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Adviser will take the following into consideration:
the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker or dealer;
the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and
the value of the expected contribution of the broker or dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a continuing basis.
Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Fund may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided to the Fund. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the Adviser may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the Adviser exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of Fund transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Fund's, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Fund.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $138,326
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of approximately $122,712.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of approximately $51,870.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
The Fund's portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. The calculation excludes from both the numerator and the denominator securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Fund. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of the Fund's portfolio securities were replaced once within a one-year period.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 552%.
For the fiscal
year ended April 30, 2013,
the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was
170%. The change in portfolio turnover rate is due to the change in investment strategy and adviser effective for a full fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Fund Administration, Fund Accounting and Transfer Agent Services
Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (GFS), which has its principal office at
80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110.,
Hauppauge, New York 11788, serves as administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent for the Fund pursuant to a Fund Services Agreement (the Agreement) with the fund and subject to the supervision of the Board. GFS is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds. GFS is an affiliate of the Distributor. GFS may also provide persons to serve as officers of the Fund. Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of GFS or its affiliates.
The Agreement became effective on
June 22, 2011
and will remain in effect for two years from the applicable effective date for the Fund, and will continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board. The Agreement is terminable by the Board or GFS on 90 days written notice and may be assigned by either party, provided that the Trust may not assign this agreement without the prior written consent of GFS. The Agreement provides that GFS shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to the Agreement.
Under the Agreement, GFS performs administrative services, including: (1) monitoring the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Trust by others service providers; (2) monitoring Fund holdings and operations for post-trade compliance with the Funds registration statement and applicable laws and rules; (3) preparing and coordinating the printing of semi-annual and annual financial statements; (4) preparing selected management reports for performance and compliance analyses; (5) preparing and disseminating materials for and attending and participating in meetings of the Board; (6) determining income and capital gains available for distribution and calculating distributions required to meet regulatory, income, and excise tax requirements; (7) reviewing the Trust's federal, state, and local tax returns as prepared and signed by the Trust's independent public accountants; (8) preparing and maintaining the Trust's operating expense budget to determine proper expense accruals to be charged to each Fund to calculate its daily net asset value; (9) assisting in and monitoring the preparation, filing, printing and where applicable, dissemination to shareholders of amendments to the Trusts Registration Statement on Form N-1A, periodic reports to the Trustees, shareholders and the SEC, notices pursuant to Rule 24f-2, proxy materials and reports to the SEC on Forms N-SAR, N-CSR, N-Q and N-PX; (10) coordinating the Trust's audits and examinations by assisting each Funds independent public accountants; (11) determining, in consultation with others, the jurisdictions in which shares of the Trust shall be registered or qualified for sale and facilitating such registration or qualification; (12) monitoring sales of shares and ensure that the shares are properly and duly registered with the SEC; (13) monitoring the calculation of performance data for the Fund; (14) preparing, or cause to be prepared, expense and financial reports; (15) preparing authorizations for the payment of Trust expenses and pay, from Trust assets, all bills of the Trust; (16) providing information typically supplied in the investment company industry to companies that track or report price, performance or other information with respect to investment companies; (17) upon request, assisting each Fund in the evaluation and selection of other service providers, such as independent public accountants, printers, EDGAR providers and proxy solicitors (such parties may be affiliates of GFS) and (18) performing other services, recordkeeping and assistance relating to the affairs of the Trust as the Trust may, from time to time, reasonably request.
For the administrative services rendered to the Fund by GFS, the Fund pays GFS an annual fee equal to the greater of a minimum fee of $36,000 or 0.10% on the first $100 million of net assets, 0.08% on the next $150 million of net assets and 0.06% on net assets greater than $250 million. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund paid $38,000 for administrative fees. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, the Fund paid $41,085 for administrative fees.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, the Fund paid $53,290 for administrative fees.
GFS also provides the Fund with accounting services, including: (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Funds listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and total return for the Fund; (vi) maintenance of certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciliation of account information and balances among the Funds custodian and Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluation of daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Fund.
For the fund accounting services rendered to the Fund under the Agreement, the Fund will pay the Administrator a fee equal to a base fee of $24,300 and $5,400 for each additional class above one, plus 0.02% on net assets of $25 million to $100 million and 0.01% on net assets greater than $100 million. The Fund also pays the Administrator for any out-of-pocket expenses.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund paid $35,211 for fund accounting fees. For the fiscal
year
ended April 30, 2012, the Fund paid $35,224 for fund accounting fees.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, the Fund paid $34,937 for fund accounting fees.
GFS also acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Fund pursuant to the Agreement. Under the Agreement, GFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
For the transfer agency services rendered to the Fund under the Agreement, the Fund pays the Administrator a transfer agency fee equal to a minimum fee of $16,200 or $16 per account. The Fund also pays the Administrator for any out-of-pocket expenses.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund paid $26,158 for transfer agency fees. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, the Fund paid $30,232 for transfer agency fees.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, the Fund paid $32,155 for transfer agency fees.
Custodian
Union Bank, National Association (the "Custodian") 350 California Street 6
th
Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104 serves as the custodian of the Fund's assets pursuant to a custody agreement (the "Custody Agreement") by and between the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. The Custodian's responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the Fund's cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, and collecting interest and dividends on the Fund's investments. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian also maintains original entry documents and books of record and general ledgers; posts cash receipts and disbursements; and records purchases and sales based upon communications from the Adviser. The Fund may employ foreign sub-custodians that are approved by the Board to hold foreign assets.
GFS serves as "Custody Administrator" under the Fund's Custody Agreement with the Custodian, and receives a share of the fees paid to the Custodian for performing certain administrative tasks normally performed by the Custodian, as well as certain enhanced reporting in connection with these functions. For these services, GFS receives a share of the asset-based custody fee as well as a portion of certain transaction fees paid under the Custody Agreement.
Compliance Officer
Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (NLCS), 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, NE 68130, an affiliate of GFS and the Distributor, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust. NLCSs compliance services consist primarily of reviewing and assessing the policies and procedures of the Trust and its service providers pertaining to compliance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. For the compliance services rendered to the Fund, the Fund pays NLCS a one-time fee of $2,500, plus an annual fee, based on Fund assets, ranging from $13,500 (net assets of $50 million or less) to $31,500 (net assets over $1 billion). The Fund also pays NLCS for any out-of-pocket expenses.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund paid $14,001 for compliance service fees. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, the Fund paid $14,040 for compliance service fees.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, the Fund paid $26,596 for compliance service fees. The recent increase in compliance service fees was due to the increase in the number of sub-advisers to the Fund.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
Each share of beneficial interest of the Trust has one vote in the election of Trustees. Cumulative voting is not authorized for the Trust. This means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees if they choose to do so, and, in that event, the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any Trustees.
Shareholders of the Trust and any other future series of the Trust will vote in the aggregate and not by series except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interest of the shareholders of a particular series or classes. Matters such as election of Trustees are not subject to separate voting requirements and may be acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series.
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. Each share has equal dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. There are no conversion or preemptive rights applicable to any shares of the Fund. All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM
The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the "Program") as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 ("USA PATRIOT Act"). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust's Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program. The Trust's secretary serves as its Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Fund's Distributor and Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and a providing a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provis.ions f the USA PATRIOT Act.
As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to "freeze" the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
Calculation of Share Price
As indicated in the Prospectus under the heading "How Shares are Priced," the
NAV
of the Fund's shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund's portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outs,,tanding of the Fund.
For purposes of calculating the NAV, portfolio securities and other assets for which market quotes are available are stated at market value. Market value is generally determined on the basis of last reported sales prices, or if no sales are reported, based on quotes obtained from a quotation reporting system, established market makers, or pricing services. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price ("NOCP"). If the NOCP is not available, such securities shall be valued at the last sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at the last bid price. Certain securities or investments for which daily market quotes are not readily available may be valued, pursuant to guidelines established by the Board, with reference to other securities or indices. Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less are generally valued at amortized cost. Exchange traded options, futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange. Other securities for which market quotes are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or persons acting at their direction.
Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services. As a result, the NAV of the Fund's shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of securities traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the New York Stock Exchange is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
Fund shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) (the "NYSE Close") on each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. For purposes of calculating the NAV, the Fund normally uses pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the NYSE Close and do not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the NYSE Close. Domestic fixed income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities. Information that becomes known to the Fund or their agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security or the NAV determined earlier that day.
In unusual circumstances, instead of valuing securities in the usual manner, the Fund may value securities at fair value or estimate their value as determined in good faith by the Board or their designees, pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Fair valuation may also be used by the Board if extraordinary events occur after the close of the relevant market but prior to the NYSE Close.
A Fund may hold securities, such as private placements, interests in commodity pools, other non-traded securities or temporarily illiquid securities, for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable. These securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the fair value procedures approved by the Board. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to a fair value team composed of one of more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) adviser and/or sub-adviser. The team may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.
Fair Value Team and Valuation Process. This team is composed of one of more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) adviser and/or sub-adviser. The applicable investments are valued collectively via inputs from each of these groups. For example, fair value determinations are required for the following securities: (i) securities for which market quotations are insufficient or not readily available on a particular business day (including securities for which there is a short and temporary lapse in the provision of a price by the regular pricing source), (ii) securities for which, in the judgment of the adviser or sub-adviser, the prices or values available do not represent the fair value of the instrument. Factors which may cause the adviser or sub-adviser to make such a judgment include, but are not limited to, the following: only a bid price or an asked price is available; the spread between bid and asked prices is substantial; the frequency of sales; the thinness of the market; the size of reported trades; and actions of the securities markets, such as the suspension or limitation of trading; (iii) securities determined to be illiquid; (iv) securities with respect to which an event that will affect the value thereof has occurred (a significant event) since the closing prices were established on the principal exchange on which they are traded, but prior to a Funds calculation of its net asset value. Specifically, interests in commodity pools or managed futures pools are valued on a daily basis by reference to the closing market prices of each futures contract or other asset held by a pool, as adjusted for pool expenses. Restricted or illiquid securities, such as private placements or non-traded securities are valued via inputs from the adviser or sub-adviser valuation based upon the current bid for the security from two or more independent dealers or other parties reasonably familiar with the facts and circumstances of the security (who should take into consideration all relevant factors as may be appropriate under the circumstances). If the adviser or sub-adviser is unable to obtain a current bid from such independent dealers or other independent parties, the fair value team shall determine the fair value of such security using the following factors: (i) the type of security; (ii) the cost at date of purchase; (iii) the size and nature of the Fund's holdings; (iv) the discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase and subsequent thereto; (v) information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; (vi) the nature and duration of restrictions on disposition of the security and the existence of any registration rights; (vii) how the yield of the security compares to similar securities of companies of similar or equal creditworthiness; (viii) the level of recent trades of similar or comparable securities; (ix) the liquidity characteristics of the security; (x) current market conditions; and (xi) the market value of any securities into which the security is convertible or exchangeable.
Standards For Fair Value Determinations. As a general principle, the fair value of a security is the amount that a Fund might reasonably expect to realize upon its current sale. The Trust has adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). In accordance with ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that the Fund would receive upon selling an investment in a timely transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market of the investment. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy to maximize the use of observable market data and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, for example, the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value including such a pricing model and/or the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, developed based on the best information available under the circumstances.
Various inputs are used in determining the value of each Fund's investments relating to ASC 820. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below.
Level 1 quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.
Level 2 other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)
Level 3 significant unobservable inputs (including a Funds own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).
The fair value team takes into account the relevant factors and surrounding circumstances, which may include: (i) the nature and pricing history (if any) of the security; (ii) whether any dealer quotations for the security are available; (iii) possible valuation methodologies that could be used to determine the fair value of the security; (iv) the recommendation of a portfolio manager of the Fund with respect to the valuation of the security; (v) whether the same or similar securities are held by other Funds managed by the adviser (or sub-adviser) or other Funds and the method used to price the security in those Funds; (vi) the extent to which the fair value to be determined for the security will result from the use of data or formulae produced by independent third parties and (vii) the liquidity or illiquidity of the market for the security.
Board of Trustees Determination. The Board of Trustees meets at least quarterly to consider the valuations provided by fair value team and ratify valuations for the applicable securities. The Board of Trustees considers the reports provided by the fair value team, including follow up studies of subsequent market-provided prices when available, in reviewing and determining in good faith the fair value of the applicable portfolio securities.
The Trust expects that the
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) will be closed on the following holidays
: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President
s
Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Purchase of Shares
Orders for shares received by the Fund in good order prior to the close of business on the NYSE on each day during such periods that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at net asset value per share computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the close of the NYSE, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next determined net asset value per share.
Redemption of Shares
The Fund will redeem all or any portion of a shareholder's shares of the Fund when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the "Redemptions" section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholder's right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:
(a) when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday
closings;
(b) when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;
(c) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by them are not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to fairly to determine the value of their net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or
(d) when the Securities and Exchange Commission by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.
In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the net asset value next determined after the termination of the suspension.
Supporting documents in addition to those listed under "Redemptions" in the Prospectus will be required from executors, administrators, Trustees, or if redemption is requested by someone other than the shareholder of record. Such documents include, but are not restricted to, stock powers, Trust instruments, certificates of death, appointments as executor, certificates of corporate authority and waiver of tax required in some states when settling estates.
TAX STATUS
The following discussion is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. All shareholders should consult a qualified tax adviser regarding their investment in the Fund.
The Fund intend to continue to qualify as regulated investment companies under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), which requires compliance with certain requirements concerning the sources of its income, diversification of its assets, and the amount and timing of its distributions to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency or bureau. By so qualifying, the Fund should not be subject to federal income or excise tax on its net investment income or net capital gain, which are distributed to shareholders in accordance with the applicable timing requirements. Net investment income and net capital gain of the Fund will be computed in accordance with Section 852 of the Code.
Net investment income is made up of dividends and interest less expenses. Net capital gain for a fiscal year is computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Fund. Capital losses incurred in tax years beginning after December 22, 2010 may now be carried forward indefinitely and retain the character of the original loss. Under previously enacted laws, capital losses could be carried forward to offset any capital gains for only eight years, and carried forward as short-term capital losses, irrespective of the character of the original loss. Capital loss carryforwards are available to offset future realized capital gains. To the extent that these carryforwards are used to offset future capital gains it is probable that the amount offset will not be distributed to shareholders.
The Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income, any excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, and any excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Code and therefore should not be required to pay any federal income or excise taxes. Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain will be made after the end of each fiscal year, and no later than December 31 of each year. Both types of distributions will be in shares of the Fund unless a shareholder elects to receive cash.
To be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must also (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in such securities or currencies, and (b) diversify its holding so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund's assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities (for purposes of this calculation, generally limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the market value of the Fund's assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer) and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) any one issuer, two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or the securities of certain publicly traded partnerships.
If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M in any fiscal year, they will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. As such the Fund would be required to pay income taxes on their net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, at the rates generally applicable to corporations. Shareholders of the Fund generally would not be liable for income tax on the Fund's net investment income or net realized capital gains in their individual capacities. Distributions to shareholders, whether from the Fund's net investment income or net realized capital gains, would be treated as taxable dividends to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund.
The Fund is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain under a prescribed formula contained in Section 4982 of the Code. The formula requires payment to shareholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Fund's ordinary income for the calendar year and at least 98.2% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of its capital gains over capital losses) realized during the one-year period ending October 31 during such year plus 100% of any income that was neither distributed nor taxed to the Fund during the preceding calendar year. Under ordinary circumstances, the Fund expects to time their distributions so as to avoid liability for this tax.
The following discussion of tax consequences is for the general information of shareholders that are subject to tax. Shareholders that are IRAs or other qualified retirement plans are exempt from income taxation under the Code.
Distributions of taxable net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
Distributions of net capital gain ("capital gain dividends") generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of the length of time the shares of the Trust have been held by such shareholders.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain U.S. shareholders, including individuals and estates and trusts, will be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a portion of their net investment income, which should include dividends from the Fund and net gains from the disposition of shares of the Fund. U.S. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the implications of the additional Medicare tax resulting from an investment in the Fund.
A redemption of Fund shares by a shareholder will result in the recognition of taxable gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder's tax basis in his or her Fund shares. Such gain or loss is treated as a capital gain or loss if the shares are held as capital assets However, any loss realized upon the redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion of any loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain will be taxable as described above, whether received in additional cash or shares. Shareholders electing to receive distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset value of a share on the reinvestment date.
All distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain, whether received in shares or in cash, must be reported by each taxable shareholder on his or her federal income tax return. Dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December as of a record date in such a month, if any, will be deemed to have been received by shareholders on December 31, if paid during January of the following year. Redemptions of shares may result in tax consequences (gain or loss) to the shareholder and are also subject to these reporting requirements.
Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption or exchange of Fund shares, except in the case of certain exempt shareholders. Under the backup withholding provisions of Section 3406 of the Code, distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain and proceeds from the redemption or exchange of the shares of a regulated investment company may be subject to withholding of federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the investment company with their taxpayer identification numbers and with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law, or if the Fund is notified by the IRS or a broker that withholding is required due to an incorrect TIN or a previous failure to report taxable interest or dividends. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld.
Options, Futures, Forward Contracts and Swap Agreements
To the extent such investments are permissible for the Fund, the Fund's transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund's securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
To the extent such investments are permissible, certain of the Fund's hedging activities (including its transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Fund's book income exceeds its taxable income, the distribution (if any) of such excess book income will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund's remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Fund's book income is less than taxable income, the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regular investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
Investment by the Fund in certain "passive foreign investment companies" ("PFICs") could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the company, which tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a "qualified electing fund" ("QEF election"), in which case the Fund will be required to include their share of the company's income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether they receives any distribution from the company.
The Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings "to the market" as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund's taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund's total return.
Foreign Currency Transactions
The Fund's transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.
Foreign Taxation
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties and conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may be able to elect to "pass through" to the Fund's shareholders the amount of eligible foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, a shareholder generally subject to tax will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his or her pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and may be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his or her pro rata share of foreign taxes in computing his or her taxable income or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his or her U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to certain limitations. In particular, a shareholder must hold his or her shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 more days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a gain dividend. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. The shareholder will be notified within 60 days after the close of the Fund's taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will "pass through" for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder's U.S. tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund's income will flow through to shareholders of the Fund. With respect to the Fund, gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign currency-denominated debt securities, receivables and payables will be treated as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income, and to certain other types of income. A shareholder may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of his or her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. The foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the revised alternative minimum tax imposed on corporations and individuals and foreign taxes generally are not deductible in computing alternative minimum taxable income.
Original Issue Discount and Pay-In-Kind Securities
Current federal tax law requires the holder of a U.S. Treasury or other fixed income zero coupon security to accrue as income each year a portion of the discount at which the security was purchased, even though the holder receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In addition, pay-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt securities that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount ("OID") is treated as interest income and is included in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. A portion of the OID includable in income with respect to certain high-yield corporate debt securities (including certain pay-in-kind securities) may be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the "accrued market discount" on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
Some debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as having acquisition discount, or OID in the case of certain types of debt securities. Generally, the Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
The Fund that holds the foregoing kinds of securities may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount, which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution, if any, than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Shareholders of the Fund may be subject to state and local taxes on distributions received from the Fund and on redemptions of the Fund's shares.
A brief explanation of the form and character of the distribution accompany each distribution. In January of each year the Fund issues to each shareholder a statement of the federal income tax status of all distributions.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisers about the application of federal, state and local and foreign tax law in light of their particular situation.
Wholly Owned Subsidiary
The Fund intends to invest a portion of its assets in the Subsidiary, which will be classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. It is expected that the Subsidiary will conduct its activities in a manner so as to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Safe Harbor") pursuant to which the Subsidiary, provided it is not a dealer in stocks, securities or commodities, may engage in the following activities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business: (1) trading in stocks or securities (including contracts or options to buy or sell securities) for its own account; and (2) trading, for its own account, in commodities that are "of a kind customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange" if the transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place. Thus, the Subsidiary's securities and commodities trading activities should not constitute a U.S. trade or business. However, if certain of the Subsidiary's activities were determined not to be of the type described in the Safe Harbor or if the Subsidiary's gains are attributable to investments in securities that constitute U.S. real property interests (which is not expected), then the activities of the Subsidiary may constitute a U.S. trade or business, or be taxed as such.
In general, a foreign corporation that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless subject to tax at a flat rate of 30 percent (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. There is presently no tax treaty in force between the U.S. and the Cayman Islands that would reduce this rate of withholding tax. Income subject to such a flat tax includes dividends and certain interest income. The 30 percent tax does not apply to U.S.-source capital gains (whether long-term or short-term) or to interest paid to a foreign corporation on its deposits with U.S. banks. The 30 percent tax also does not apply to interest which qualifies as "portfolio interest." The term "portfolio interest" generally includes interest (including original issue discount) on an obligation in registered form which has been issued after July 18, 1984 and with respect to which the person, who would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold the 30 percent tax, received the required statement that the beneficial owner of the obligation is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code. Under certain circumstances, interest on bearer obligations may also be considered portfolio interest.
The Subsidiary
is a
wholly-owned by the Fund. A U.S. person who owns (directly, indirectly or constructively) 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a "U.S. Shareholder" for purposes of the controlled foreign corporation ("CFC") provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. A foreign corporation is a CFC if, on any day of its taxable year, more than 50 percent of the voting power or value of its stock is owned (directly, indirectly or constructively) by "U.S. Shareholders." Because the Fund is a U.S. person that will own all of the stock of the Subsidiary, the Fund will be a "U.S. Shareholder" and the Subsidiary will be a CFC. As a "U.S. Shareholder," the Fund will be required to include in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes all of the Subsidiary's "subpart F income" (defined, in part, below), whether or not such income is distributed by the Subsidiary. It is expected that all of the Subsidiary's income will be "subpart F income." "Subpart F income" generally includes interest, original issue discount, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or securities, receipts with respect to securities loans and net payments received with respect to equity swaps and similar derivatives. "Subpart F income" also includes the excess of gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward and similar transactions) in any commodities. The Fund's recognition of the Subsidiary's "subpart F income" will increase the Fund's tax basis in the Subsidiary. Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund will be tax-free, to the extent of its previously undistributed "subpart F income," and will correspondingly reduce the Fund's tax basis in the Subsidiary. "Subpart F income" is generally treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the Subsidiary's underlying income.
In general, each "U.S. Shareholder" is required to file IRS Form 5471 with its U.S. federal income tax (or information) returns providing information about its ownership of the CFC and the CFC. In addition, a "U.S. Shareholder" may in certain circumstances be required to report a disposition of shares in the Subsidiary by attaching IRS Form 5471 to its U.S. federal income tax (or information) return that it would normally file for the taxable year in which the disposition occurs. In general, these filing requirements will apply to investors of the Fund if the investor is a U.S. person who owns directly, indirectly or constructively (within the meaning of Sections 958(a) and (b) of the Internal Revenue Code) 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of voting stock of a foreign corporation that is a CFC for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any tax year of the foreign corporation, and who owned that stock on the last day of that year.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Cohen Fund Audit Services, Ltd., located at
1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800, Cleveland, OH 44115,
serves as the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm providing services including (i) audit of annual financial statements, and (ii) assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Thompson Hine LLP, 41 South High Street, Suite 1700, Columbus, Ohio 43215 serves as the Trust's legal counsel.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements and report of the independent registered public accounting firm required to be included in this SAI are hereby incorporated by reference to the Annual Report for the Fund for the fiscal year ended April 30,
2013.
You can obtain a copy of the Annual Report without charge by calling the Fund at 1-866-899-2726.
APPENDIX A
PRESERVATION TRUST ADVISORS, LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Policy
Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC (ADVISER or PTA), as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary, has responsibility for voting proxies for portfolio securities consistent with the best economic interests of the Managed Accounts, Sub-Advisors, Portfolios and clients. Our firm maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firms proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required records.
Background
Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to adopt and implement written policies and procedures, reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interest of its clients. The procedures must address material conflicts that may arise in connection with proxy voting. The Rule further requires the adviser to provide a concise summary of the advisers proxy voting process and offer to provide copies of the complete proxy voting policy and procedures to clients upon request. Lastly, the Rule requires that the adviser disclose to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.
PTA votes proxies for the majority of its clients, and therefore has adopted and implemented this Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures.
Risks
In developing this policy and procedure, PTA considered numerous risks associated with its voting of client proxies. This analysis includes risks such as:
PTA may not maintain a written proxy voting policy as required by Rule 206(4)-6.
Proxies may not be voted in clients best interests.
Proxies may not be identified and voted in a timely manner.
Conflicts between PTAs interests and the client may not be identified; therefore, proxies may not be voted appropriately.
The third-party proxy voting services utilized by PTA may not be independent.
Proxy voting records and client requests to review proxy votes may not be maintained.
PTA has established the following guidelines to help mitigate these risks.
General Policy
It is the policy of PTA to vote proxies in the interest of maximizing value for PTAs clients
taking into account relevant factors, including, but not limited to:
the impact on the value of the securities;
the anticipated costs and benefits associated with the proposal;
the effect on liquidity; and
customary industry and business practices.
Proxies are an asset of a client, which should be treated by PTA with the same care, diligence, and loyalty as any asset belonging to a client.
Abstaining from Voting or Affirmatively Not Voting
On occasion, PTA may abstain from voting (which generally requires submission of a proxy voting card) or affirmatively decide not to vote if the Firm determines that abstaining or not voting is in the best interests of the Clients. In making such a determination, PTA will consider various factors, including, but not limited to: (i) the costs associated with exercising the proxy (
e.g.,
translation or travel costs); and (ii) any legal restrictions on trading resulting from the exercise of a proxy. However, the Firm will not abstain from voting or affirmatively decide not to vote merely to avoid a conflict of interest.
Proposals Specific to Mutual Funds
ADVISER serves as investment adviser to certain investment companies under the Northern Lights Fund Trust. These funds invest in other investment companies that are not affiliated (Underlying Funds) and are required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) Act to handle proxies received from Underlying Funds in a certain manner. Notwithstanding the guidelines provided in these procedures, it is the policy of ADVISER to vote all proxies received from the Underlying Funds in the same proportion that all shares of the Underlying Funds are voted, or in accordance with instructions received from fund shareholders, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act. After properly voted, the proxy materials are placed in a file maintained by the Chief Compliance Officer for future reference.
Procedures for Proxies
When the mail arrives, the person responsible for separating the mail gives any proxy materials to the Proxy Manager. The proxy materials are then opened by the Proxy Manager. The ticker symbol for the security noted on the proxy is located. An email is sent to the person in charge about the arrival of the proxy. In the email is listed the name of the security, ticker symbol, arrival date, custodian and number of shares. The number of shares on the report is compared to the number of shares to be voted on the proxy.
If the number of shares between the two reports matches, then the Confirmation Report is attached to the proxy materials and forwarded to the Portfolio Manager to be voted according to Advisers proxy voting policies.
If the number of shares does not match, then reasonable efforts will be made to resolve the difference, such as:
Running the report for other dates around the record date of the proxy to see if the security transferred into ADVISER after the record date, even though the client owned it as of the record date.
Calling the custodian to confirm the clients per their records that are included in the proxy count. There may be differences due to clients having made the decision to vote their proxies, in which case, the proxies would go directly to the clients.
If the difference still cannot be resolved, the matter is reviewed with the Portfolio Manager as to the next action to be taken. If the difference is determined to be immaterial and is approved by the Portfolio Manager, then the proxy will stand as is.
Once the shares have been reconciled, then the proxy materials and the confirmation of share report are then given to the Portfolio Manager to vote.
The Portfolio Manager will generally vote the routine proxies in accordance with the principles and guidelines described in ADVISERs Proxy Voting Policy and sign the proxy. For Non-Routine Proxy Proposals, the Portfolio Manager will vote them on a case-by-case basis. The vote and the rationale of the vote shall be part of the proxy voting record of PTA and shall be retained in accordance with the Adviser Act.
Once the Portfolio Manager has voted the proxies, they will be given to the person in charge for processing after review by Proxy Manager. If the proxy is to be mailed, then a copy of the proxy is made, attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and report and filed in chronological order. This file is maintained by year.
If the proxy was voted electronically, the original proxy with the notes on it is as to how the proxy was voted, are maintained and attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and the Confirmation Report, and filed in chronological order, just like proxies that are mailed.
The Proxy Manager then enters the necessary information in the Proxy Voting Database. The following information is entered:
Name of Company
Proxy Proposal
Managements recommendation
ADVISERs Action
Rationale for the vote
List of clients to whom the proxy vote applies.
Should ADVISER receive any requests from clients regarding proxy voting, the Proxy Manager will maintain a record of the requests from the specific clients, which will include:
Name of the Client
Date that the request was received
Whether the request was for a complete or partial record of proxy votes
The documents provided
Date that the information was sent to the client
A copy of the information sent to the client will be retained in a chronological file, maintained by year.
Proxy Manager
shall be Lise Honore
Proxy Committee
shall be comprised of the following persons:
Lise Honore
Christopher Wolf
Kai Robinson
A quorum of the Proxy Committee shall be comprised of at least one member from the list above.
Record of Proxy Voting
PTA will have available, written or electronic copies of each proxy statement received and of each executed proxy (PTA may rely on statements submitted to EDGAR for this requirement). In addition, Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC will retain Form N-PX Proxy Voting Record, as duplicates, a sample of the Form N-PX Proxy Voting Record is attached below.
The CCO will maintain a record of each written request from a client/investor for proxy voting information and PTAs written response to any request (oral or written) from a client/investor for proxy voting information.
Conflicts of Interest
The following is a non-exhaustive list of potential conflicts of interests that could influence the proxy voting process:
Conflict:
PTA retains an institutional client, or is in the process of retaining an institutional client that is affiliated with an issuer that is held in PTAs client portfolios. For example, PTA may be retained to manage Company As pension fund. Company A is a public company and PTA client accounts hold shares of Company A. This type of relationship may influence PTA to vote with management on proxies to gain favor with management. Such favor may influence Company As decision to continue its advisory relationship with PTA.
Conflict:
PTA retains a client, or is in the process of retaining a client that is an officer or director of an issuer that is held in PTAs client portfolios. The similar conflicts of interest exist in this relationship as discussed above.
Conflict:
PTAs Employees maintain a personal and/or business relationship (not an advisory relationship) with issuers or individuals that serve as officers or directors of issuers. For example, the spouse of an Employee may be a high-level executive of an issuer that is held in PTAs client portfolios. The spouse could attempt to influence PTA to vote in favor of management.
Conflict:
PTA or an Employee(s) personally owns a significant number of an issuers securities that are also held in PTAs client portfolios. For any number of reasons, an Employee(s) may seek to vote proxies in a different direction for his/her personal holdings than would otherwise be warranted by the proxy voting policy. The Employee(s) could oppose voting the proxies according to the policy and successfully influence PTA to vote proxies in contradiction to the policy.
PTA realizes that due to the difficulty of predicting and identifying all material conflicts, it must rely on its Employees to notify the CCO of any material conflict that may impair PTAs ability to vote proxies in an objective manner. Upon detection that a material conflict of interest exists in a proxy situation, the CCO in conjunction with the CIO, and outside counsel if necessary, will decide on a course of action. If the proxy proposal is a Non-Routine Proxy Proposal, ADVISER will take any of the following courses of action to resolve the conflict:
Disclose the conflict to our Funds, Portfolios and clients and obtain consent before voting;
Suggest that our Funds, Portfolios and clients engage another party to determine how the proxy should be voted; or
Vote according to the recommendation of an independent third party, such as a:
proxy consultant;
research analyst;
proxy voting department of a mutual fund or pension fund; or
Compliance consultant.
In addition, any attempts by others within PTA to influence the voting of client proxies in a manner that is inconsistent with the proxy voting policy shall be reported to the CCO. Further, any attempts by persons or entitles outside PTA to influence the voting of client proxies shall be reported to the CCO. The CCO may then elect to report the attempt to legal counsel.
Procedures for PTAs Receipt of Class Actions
PTA does not participate in Class Actions on behalf of PTAs clients as disclosed in the Funds documents and the ADV Part II.
Procedures for PTAs Receipt of Corporate Actions
PTA shall maintain documentation of all proposed corporate actions received regarding companies held in PTA portfolios.
PTA shall vote on each corporate action received taking into account the best interests of PTAs clients.
PTA shall maintain a record of all corporate action solicitations received and PTAs responses thereto.
Recordkeeping
PTA will maintain the documentation described in the following section for a period of not less than five years, the first two years at its principal place of business. The CCO will be responsible for the following procedures and for ensuring that the required documentation is retained.
Client request to review proxy votes
:
Any request, whether written (including email) or oral, received by any Employee of PTA, must be promptly reported to the CCO and the CIO. All written requests must be retained in the permanent file.
The CIO or CCO will record the identity of the client, the date of the request, and the action taken as a result of the request, in a suitable place.
In order to facilitate the management of proxy voting record keeping process, and to facilitate dissemination of such proxy voting records to clients, the CCO may distribute to any client requesting proxy voting information the complete
proxy voting record of PTA for the period requested. Reports containing proxy information of only those issuers held by a certain client will not be created or distributed.
Any report disseminated to a client(s) will contain the following legend:
This report contains the full proxy voting record of Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC. If securities of a particular issuer were held in your account on the date of the shareholder meeting indicated, your proxy was voted in the direction indicated).
Furnish the information requested, free of charge, to the client within a reasonable time period (within ten business days). Maintain a copy of the written record provided in response to clients written (including email) or oral request. A copy of the written response should be attached and maintained with the clients written request, if applicable and maintained in the permanent file.
Clients are permitted to request the proxy voting record for the 5 year period prior to their request.
Proxy voting policy and procedures:
Sub-advisors will have their own proxy voting policy and procedures to be reviewed initially and at least annually thereafter as part of its due diligence process by PTA. The sub-advisors are to report its own proxy voting to PTA by completing the N-PX Proxy Voting Record. Each sub-advisors N-PX Proxy Voting Record will be incorporated into the PTA Master N-PX Proxy Voting Record for the N-PX Proxy Voting Record annual filing to SECs EDGAR.
Proxy statements received regarding client securities:
Upon receipt of a proxy, copy or print a sample of the proxy statement or card and maintain the copy in a central file along with a sample of the proxy solicitation instructions.
Note:
PTA is permitted to rely on proxy statements filed on the SECs EDGAR system instead of keeping its own copies.
Proxy voting records:
A record of how PTA voted client proxies.
Documents prepared or created by PTA that were material to making a decision on how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision.
Documentation or notes or any communications received from third parties, other industry analysts, third party service providers, companys management discussions, etc. that were material in the basis for the decision.
Disclosure
PTA will ensure that Part II of Form ADV is updated as necessary to reflect: (i) all material changes to the Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures; and (ii) information about how clients may obtain information on how PTA voted their securities; and (iii) that clients may request a copy of these policies and procedures.
Proxy Solicitation
As a matter of practice, it is PTAs policy to not reveal or disclose to any client how PTA may have voted (or intends to vote) on a particular proxy until after such proxies have been counted at a shareholders meeting. PTA will never disclose such information to unrelated third parties.
The CIO and CCO are to be promptly informed of the receipt of any solicitation from any person to vote proxies on behalf of clients. At no time may any Employee accept any remuneration in the solicitation of proxies. The CIO shall handle all responses to such solicitations.
Coe Capital Management LLC
Proxy Voting
Policy
In 2003, the SEC adopted proxy voting regulations for investment advisers registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, as amended. The regulations require investment advisers to disclose their proxy voting policies and procedures to their clients.
POLICY
Non- ERISA Accounts
CCMs policy is to not vote proxies on behalf of non-ERISA clients, with the exception of some of the registered mutual funds sub-advised by CCM and clients who have delegated such authority to us in writing.
ERISA Accounts
In the case of ERISA clients, CCM generally does not vote proxies. However, should a plan sponsor request that CCM vote proxies for the ERISA account(s), or if the plan documents do not delegate such authority to another named fiduciary, then CCM will develop proxy voting policies and strive to vote the proxy in the best interest of the ERISA client. The CCO should be notified for any ERISA account where CCM may need to vote proxies.
PROCEDURES
CCM understands that proxy voting is an important right of clients. For clients that have delegated proxy voting authority to CCM in writing, CCM will seek to vote proxies in the best economic interests of such clients and in accordance with these written policies and procedures. Additionally CCM will address any potential conflicts that might arise in voting proxies and will maintain all required and appropriate records regarding proxy voting policies and voting records for client portfolios.
Voting Responsibility and Guidelines
CCM has contracted with Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), an unaffiliated third party proxy vendor to monitor and vote CCM client proxies for clients that have delegated responsibility to CCM. ISS maintains written guidelines to reflect its current vote recommendations. CCM has reviewed these guidelines and worked with ISS to establish instructions on when ISS should vote proxies according to its written guidelines and when ISS must contact CCM for a vote decision. The fundamental guideline in voting proxies is to make every effort to ensure that the manner in which shares are voted is in the best interest of clients/beneficiaries and the value of the investment. Absent special circumstances of the types described below, it is the policy of CCM to have ISS vote proxies in accordance with their written guidelines (Proxy Voting Guidelines).
It is intended that the Proxy Voting Guidelines will be applied with a measure of flexibility. Accordingly, except as otherwise provided in these policies and procedures, CCM may instruct ISS to vote a proxy contrary to the Proxy Voting Guidelines if it is determined that such action is in the best interests of the clients. Special circumstances or instructions from clients may also justify casting different votes for different clients with respect to the same proxy vote.
CCM will document the rationale for any proxy voted contrary to the Proxy Voting Guidelines. Such information will be maintained as part of CCMs required books and records.
Conflicts of Interest
If at any time CCM and/or ISS become aware of any type of potential or actual conflict of interest relating to a particular proxy proposal, they will promptly report such conflict to the CCO. Conflicts of interest will be handled in various ways depending on the type and materiality. This includes:
Where the Proxy Voting Guidelines outline the voting position, as either for or against such proxy proposal, voting will be accordance with the Proxy Voting Guidelines.
Where the Proxy Voting Guidelines outline the voting position to be determined on a case by case basis for such proxy proposal, or such proposal is not listed in the Proxy Voting Guidelines, then the proxy may be voted pursuant to client direction.
The CCO or designee will periodically, at least annually, perform a due diligence review of ISS to help ensure that any and all conflicts have been disclosed and that ISS has policies, procedures and internal controls in place regarding identifying and handling conflicts of interest.
ERISA Accounts
Plans governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), are to be administered consistent with the terms of the governing plan documents and applicable provisions of ERISA. In cases where sole proxy voting discretion rests with CCM, the Firms policies and procedures will be followed, subject to the fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA. These standards generally require fiduciaries to act prudently and to discharge their duties solely in the interests of participants and beneficiaries. The Department of Labor has indicated that the voting decisions of ERISA fiduciaries must generally focus on the course that would most likely increase the value of the stock being voted.
Special Situations
CCM may choose not to vote proxies in certain situations or for certain accounts, such as: 1) where a client has informed CCM that it wishes to retain the right to vote the proxy, CCM will instruct the custodian to send the proxy material directly to the client, 2) where CCM deems the cost of voting would exceed any anticipated benefit to the client, 3) where a proxy is received for a client account that has been terminated with CCM, 4) where a proxy is received for a security CCM no longer manages (i.e. CCM had previously sold the entire position), and/or 5) where the exercise of voting rights could restrict the ability of an account's portfolio manager to freely trade the security in question (as is the case, for example, in certain foreign jurisdictions known as "blocking markets").
In addition, certain CCM mutual fund clients may participate in securities lending programs administered by the custodian or a third party. Because title to loaned securities passes to the borrower, CCM generally will not be able to vote any security that is out on loan to a borrower on a proxy record date. However, CCM reserves the right to instruct the lending agent to terminate a loan in situations where the matter to be voted upon is deemed to be material to the investment and the benefits of voting the security are deemed to outweigh the costs of terminating the loan.
Mirror Voting Policy
In some instances CCM may serve as an investment advisor to certain investment companies (under a separate sub-advisory agreement). These funds may invest in other investment companies that are not affiliated (Underlying Funds) and are required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) to handle proxies received from Underlying Funds in a certain manner. Notwithstanding the guidelines provided in these procedures, it is CCMs policy to vote all proxies received from the Underlying Funds in the same proportion that all shares of the Underlying Funds are voted, or in accordance with instructions received from fund shareholders, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act. After properly voted, the proxy materials are filed and maintained for future reference.
Recordkeeping Requirements
CCM will maintain the following records under these policies and procedures:
A copy of all proxy voting policies and procedures.
A record of clients written delegation of proxy voting authority.
A copy of each proxy statement received regarding clients securities.
A record of each vote cast on behalf of a client.
A copy of any document created by CCM that was material to making a decision on how to vote proxies on behalf of a client or that memorialize the basis for that decision.
A copy of each written client request for information on how proxies were voted on behalf of the requesting client, and a copy of any written response by CCM to any (written or oral) client request for information on how proxies were voted on behalf of the requesting client.
A copy of these policies and procedures will be provided to clients upon request. In addition, copies of the above outlined records, as they relate to particular clients, will be provided to those clients upon request.
It is generally the Advisers policy not to disclose its proxy voting records to unaffiliated third parties or special interest groups.
SSI Investment Management, Inc.,
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES STATEMENT
This Statement of Policies and Procedures (this Statement) sets forth the policies and procedures of SSI Investment Management Inc. (the Firm) with respect to proxy voting. This Statement does not attempt to describe every regulatory and compliance requirement applicable to proxy voting, but rather summarizes some of the issues involved and establishes general rules and procedures. Although this Statement expressly addresses proxy voting, the policies and procedures set forth herein apply to any solicitation of votes with respect to securities held in a Discretionary Account (as defined below), such as, for example, the solicitation of votes with respect to securities held in a Discretionary Account (as defined below), such as, for example, the solicitation of the consent of the holders of fixed income securities to a proposed restructuring.
A.
Certain Definitions
Client means any person (including any Investment Fund) to which or for whom the Firm
provides investment advisory services.
Discretionary Account means the investment portfolio of any Client with respect to which that Client has granted the Firm (a) discretionary proxy voting authority, or (b) discretionary investment authority without expressly retaining proxy voting authority. All Investment Funds are Discretionary Accounts.
Investment Fund means any United States or non-United States investment fund or pool of which the Firm serves as general partner, managing member or investment adviser or in a similar capacity.
Non-Discretionary Account means the investment portfolio of any Client with respect to which that Client (a) has granted the Firm discretionary investment authority but has expressly retained proxy voting authority, or (b) has not granted the Firm discretionary investment authority or discretionary proxy voting authority.
Proxy Control Associate means the person responsible for overseeing the adherence to the policies and procedures related to proxy voting.
B.
Use of Proxy Voting Service
The Firm has retained the services of Risk Metrics Group (Risk Metrics, formerly Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.), which provides research and recommendations on proxy voting issues. Risk Metrics has authority to vote the proxies for each Discretionary Account, in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies set forth below.
From time to time, SSI reviews the policies and procedures that Risk Metrics has adopted and implemented to insulate Risk Metricss voting recommendations from incentives to vote the proxies to further their relationships with issuers.
C. Discretionary Accounts
For all accounts SSI has voting authority, the Firm will instruct each custodian for a Discretionary Account to deliver to Risk Metrics all proxy solicitation materials received with respect to that Discretionary Account. Risk Metrics will review the securities held in its Discretionary Accounts on a regular basis to confirm that Risk Metrics receives copies of all proxy solicitation materials concerning such securities.
The Firm, through Risk Metrics, will vote all proxies on behalf of Discretionary Accounts after carefully considering all proxy solicitation materials and other available facts. The Firm has instructed Risk Metrics to make all voting decisions on behalf of a Discretionary Account based solely on the determination of the best interests of that Discretionary Account. The Firm will use reasonable efforts to respond to each proxy solicitation by the deadline for such response. The Proxy Control Associate may designate an appropriate employee of the Firm to be responsible for insuring that all proxy statements are received and that the Firm responds to them in a timely manner.
1. Company Information. The Firm, through Risk Metrics, will review all proxy solicitation materials it receives concerning securities held in a Discretionary Account. Risk Metrics evaluates all such information and may seek additional information from the party soliciting the proxy and independent corroboration of such information when Risk Metrics considers it appropriate and when it is reasonably available. 1.
2. Proxy Voting Policies
a) The Firm will vote
FOR
a proposal when it believes that the proposal serves the best interests of the
Discretionary Account whose proxy is solicited because, on balance, the following factors predominate:
(i) the proposal has a positive economic effect on shareholder value; (ii) the proposal poses no threat to existing rights of shareholders;
(iii) the dilution, if any, of existing shares that would result from approval of the proposal is warranted by the benefits of the proposal; and
(iv) the proposal does not limit or impair accountability to shareholders on the part of management and the board of directors.
b) The Firm will vote
AGAINST
a proposal if it believes that, on balance, the following factors predominate:
(i) the proposal has an adverse economic effect on shareholder value;
(ii) the proposal limits the rights of shareholders in a manner or to an extent that is not warranted by the benefits of the proposal;
(iii) the proposal causes significant dilution of shares that is not warranted by the benefits of the proposal;
(iv) the proposal limits or impairs accountability to the shareholders on the part of management or the board of directors; or
(v) the proposal is a shareholder initiative that the Firm believes wastes time and resources of the company or reflects the grievance of one individual.
c) The Firm will
ABSTAIN
from voting proxies when the Firm believes that it is appropriate. Usually, this occurs when the Firm believes that a proposal holds negative but nonquantifiable implications for shareholder value but may express a legitimate concern.
d) From time to time, Risk Metrics provides to the Firm more detailed proxy voting guidelines, in accordance with this section C(2), the most recent version of which SSI maintains and will be followed by Risk Metrics when voting proxies.
3.
Conflicts of Interest. Due to the size and nature of the Firms operations and the Firms limited affiliations in the securities industry, the Firm does not expect that material conflicts of interest will arise between the Firm and a Discretionary Account over proxy voting. The Firm recognizes, however, that such conflicts may arise from time to time, such as, for example, when the Firm or one of its affiliates has a business arrangement that could be affected by the outcome of a proxy vote or has a personal or
business relationship with a person seeking appointment or re appointment as a director of a company. If a material conflict of interest arises, the Firm will vote all proxies in accordance with section C(2). The Firm will not place its own interests ahead of the interests of its Discretionary Accounts in voting proxies. When voting proxies, the Firm does not consider any conflicts of interest that any other affiliate of a
client (such as another service provider to an investment company client) may have.
If the Firm determines that the proxy voting policies in section C(2) do not adequately address a material conflict of interest related to a proxy, the Firm will provide the affected Client with copies of all proxy solicitation materials received by the Firm with respect to that proxy, notify that Client of the actual or potential conflict of interest and of the Firms intended response to the proxy request (which response will be in accordance with the policies set forth in section C(2)), and request that the Client consent to the Firms intended response. With respect to any Investment Fund of which the Firm serves as manager or general partner or in a similar capacity, the Firm will provide the foregoing notices to all investors in the Investment Fund and request the consent of a majority in interest of such investors. If the Client (or a majority in interest of the investors in an Investment Fund) consents to the Firms intended response or fails to respond to the notice within a reasonable period of time specified in the notice, the Firm will vote the proxy as described in the notice. If the Client (or a majority in interest of the investors in an
Investment Fund) objects to the Firms intended response, the Firm will vote the proxy as directed by the
Client (or a majority in interest of the investors in an Investment Fund).
4.
Shareholder Proposals by the Firm. The Firm will submit a shareholder proposal on behalf of an Investment Fund only if the Firm believes that the proposal would provide a substantial overall benefit to the Investment Fund. The Firm will submit a shareholder proposal on behalf of any other Discretionary Account only at the request of the Discretionary Account Client or with that Clients prior written consent. The Firm will vote any shares in a Discretionary Account on behalf of a proposal submitted by the Firm Client.
5.
Proxy Vote Summaries. At the request of a Discretionary Account Client or an investor in an Investment Fund (other than an Investment Fund that is registered as an investment company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the ICA)(such Investment Fund a Registered Fund)), the Firm will provide that person with a report summarizing all proxy solicitations the Firm received with respect to that Discretionary Account during the period requested by that person and the action taken by the Firm on each such proxy. Regarding the proxy votes in respect of the portfolio securities in a Registered Fund, the Firm will provide that Registered Fund with the information required to be disclosed by that Registered Fund pursuant to Rule
30b1-4 of the ICA and SEC Form N-PX promulgated thereunder, including:
a) The name of the issuer of the portfolio security;
b) The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security;
c) The Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures number for the portfolio security (unless not available through reasonably practical means, e.g., in the case of certain foreign issuers);
d) The shareholder meeting date;
e) A brief identification of the matter voted on;
f) Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder;
g) Whether the registrant cast its vote on the matter;
h) How the registrant cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding election of directors); and
(i) Whether the registrant cast its vote for or against management.
D. Non-Discretionary Accounts.
The Firm promptly will forward any proxy solicitation materials concerning securities held in a Non- Discretionary Account that the Firm receives at least five business days before the applicable proxy
voting deadline to the appropriate Client. The Firm will vote any such proxy as directed by that Client. At
a Clients request, the Firm may, but is not obligated to, advise that Client with respect to the voting of
any proxy. No advice concerning the voting of any proxy may be provided to any Client unless such advice has been approved by the Proxy Control Associate.
E. Records
The Firm will keep a copy of (a) each proxy statement it receives regarding securities held in Discretionary Accounts, (b) a record of each vote cast by the Firm with respect to securities in each Discretionary Account, (c) any document created by the Firm that is material to the Firms decision on voting a proxy or that describes the basis for that decision, (d) each written request from a Discretionary Account Client or an investor in an Investment Fund (other than a Registered Fund) for information about how the Firm votes proxies of that Discretionary Account or Investment Fund, (e) each written response by the Firm to any oral or written request from a Discretionary Account Client or an investor in an Investment Fund other than a Registered Fund for such information and (f) with respect to a registered Fund the information required by section 4(e) hereof. The Firm may delegate to a third party the duty to keep the records identified in sections 5(a) and (b) if that third party agrees to furnish such records to the Firm and, with respect to any records pertaining to the Registered Fund proxy voting are the property of the Firm and that Registered Fund. Each such record will be maintained by the Firm or such third party for at least six years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry is made in that record, and for the first two years in the Firms office (or such third partys office, as the case may be). The Firm or such third party may elect not to keep a copy of a proxy statement if it can obtain such statement electronically via the SECs EDGAR system.
Horizon Kinetics
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
I.
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Horizon Kinetics LLC (HK), on behalf of Horizon Asset Management LLC, Kinetics Asset Management LLC and Kinetics Advisers, LLC (collectively the Advisers) has adopted these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Proxy Policies and Procedures) for the purpose of establishing formal policies and procedures for performing and documenting its fiduciary duty with respect to the voting of client proxies. The Advisers are investment advisers to an investment company (Kinetics Portfolios Trust) and institutional and private clients (together, the Other Clients) (Other Clients and Kinetics Portfolios Trust hereinafter referred to collectively as the Clients). Pursuant to these Policies and Procedures, the Advisers shall vote proxies (a) on behalf of Kinetics Portfolios Trust and (b) on behalf of Other Clients for whom the Advisers have been given and agreed to accept voting authority. The fundamental guideline followed by the Advisers in voting proxies is to ensure that the
manner in which shares are voted is in the best interest of its Clients and the value of the investment.
II.
ADMINISTRATION
Proxy Voting Administration Through the Institutional Shareholder Services System.
The Advisers have delegated responsibility for the administration of proxy voting Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), a Delaware corporation, through the Internet-based proxy voting system operated by ISS.
Accordingly, ISS:
a. processes all proxies received in connection with underlying portfolio securities held by the Advisers Clients;
b. applies ISS proxy voting procedures (hereinafter, the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines), which the Advisers have reviewed, analyzed, and determined to be consistent with the views of the Advisers on the various types of proxy proposals; and
c. maintains appropriate records of proxy voting that are easily-accessible by appropriate authorized persons of ISS.
Accordingly, the Advisers Policies and Procedures incorporate the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines, to the extent appropriate. A copy of the current ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines
Summary
is attached hereto at Appendix A.
The Advisers have given an authorization and direction letter to each Clients custodian, which custodian then forwards all proxy statements received on behalf of the Client directly to ISS to vote the proxies. The Advisers update ISS Client list on a periodic basis.
When (i) the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines do
not
cover a specific proxy issue, and ISS does
not
provide a recommendation, or (ii) ISS recuses itself from voting proxies when it has a material conflict of interest with the company whose proxies are at issue, ISS notifies the Advisers Proxy Administrator. The Proxy Administrator will review the proxy with the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO), General Counsel (GS) or Chief Investment Strategist (CIS), or their delegate(s) to determine whether the Advisers should vote the proxy. In determining whether to vote a particular proxy, the Advisers will consider a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the costs associated with voting, whether the proxy is in a foreign market and the feasibility of registering in that market, and the potential benefit derived from the vote. If the Advisers determine to vote the proxy, the Proxy Administrator will instruct ISS accordingly. The CCO, GC or CIS will use his or her best judgment in voting proxies on behalf of Clients.
In evaluating how to vote a proxy, the CCO, GC or CIS may consider a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, information from various sources, including management of a company presenting a proposal, shareholder groups, and independent proxy research services.
Proxy Administrator.
The Advisers designate the General Counsel, or his designee(s) as its Proxy Administrator (Proxy Administrator). In addition to the duties described above, the Proxy Administrator also reviews questions and responds to inquiries from Clients and mutual fund shareholders pertaining to proxy issues and corporate responsibility.
Monitoring the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines.
Periodically, on request, the Advisers will require ISS to provide a report and/or representation that all proxies voted by ISS on behalf of the Advisers Clients during the applicable period were voted in accordance with the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines.
The CCO, GC or CIS of the Advisers and the Proxy Administrator shall review the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines on a
yearly
basis to determine whether these guidelines continue to be consistent with the Advisers views on the various types of proposals covered by the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines. The CCO, GC or CIS will also review any material changes made by ISS to the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines.
When reviewing the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines, the Advisers will consider, among other things, whether the Guidelines are designed to vote proxies in a manner consistent with the goal of voting in the best interest of its Clients. The Advisers also shall review the Advisers Proxy Policies and Procedures and the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines to make certain that both comply with any new rules promulgated by, or interpretations issued by, the SEC or other relevant regulatory policies.
Conflicts of Interest
ISS issues voting recommendations and casts proxy votes strictly in accordance with pre-determined proxy voting guidelines, which the Advisers believe are in the best interests of its clients. The adherence to pre-determined proxy voting guidelines by the Advisers and ISS helps reduce conflicts of interests and helps ensure that proxy votes are cast in accordance with the best interests of the Advisers Clients.
Nevertheless, if a proxy proposal were to create a conflict of interest between the interests of a Client and those of the Advisers, the proxy
will
be voted strictly in conformity with the recommendation of ISS.
To monitor compliance with these procedures, any proposed or actual deviation from a recommendation of ISS must be reported to the CCO, GC or CIS of the Advisers. The CCO, GC or CIS of the Advisers would then provide guidance concerning the proposed deviation and whether this deviation presents any potential conflict of interest.
In the case of Kinetics Portfolios
Trust, the Advisers shall report each deviation from an ISS recommendation regarding a proxy received in connection with underlying portfolio securities held by a Portfolio to the Board of Trustees of Kinetics Portfolios Trust at the next formal meeting of the Portfolios Board of Trustees.
In the case of Clients other than Kinetics Portfolios Trust,
the Advisers: (i) shall maintain an appropriate record of each deviation from an ISS recommendation regarding a proxy received in connection with underlying portfolio securities held by an Other Client.
As a matter of policy, the employees of the Advisers who manage proxy voting through ISS shall not be influenced by outside sources.
III.
REPORTING AND RECORD RETENTION
The Advisers or ISS will maintain the following records relating to proxy votes cast under these Proxy Policies and Procedures.
I.
A copy of these Proxy Policies and Procedures.
II.
A copy of the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines.
III.
A copy of proxy statements received regarding underlying portfolio securities held by Clients (received through ISS, with either hard copies held by ISS or electronic filings from the SECs EDGAR system).
IV.
Records of each vote cast on behalf of Clients including: (i) the name of the issuer of the portfolio security; (ii) the exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security; (iii) the Council on Uniform Security Identification Procedures (CUSIP) number for the portfolio security; (iv) the shareholder meeting date; (v) a brief identification of the matter voted on; (vi) whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; (vii) whether the Advisers cast its vote on the matter; (viii) how the Advisers cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding election of directors); and (ix) whether the Advisers cast its vote for or against management.
IV.
A copy of any document created by the CCO or Proxy Administrator that was material to making a decision on how to vote proxies on behalf of a Client or that memorialized the basis for the decision.
V.
A copy of each written Client request for proxy voting information and a copy of any written response by the Advisers.
The foregoing records will be retained for such period of time as is required to comply with applicable laws and regulations. The Proxy Administrator will cause copies of the foregoing records, as they relate to particular clients, to be provided to those clients upon request.
The most recent copy of the Proxy Policies and Procedures are available on HKs website at
www.horizonkinetics.com
as well as
www.kineticsfunds.com
. Questions related to the Advisers Proxy Policies and Procedures should be directed in writing addressed to the Proxy Administrator at the address below:
Horizon Kinetics LLC
Attn: Proxy Administrator
470 Park Avenue South
New York, NY 10016
Zebra Capital Management, LLC
Proxy Voting
Policy
Zebra Capital as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary to our clients, does have responsibility for voting proxies for the Zebra Capital investment fund and client portfolio securities consistent with the best economic interests of the funds /clients.
Our firm has established a Proxy Committee which meets periodically to review and approve Zebra Capital's Proxy Policy and oversee the services provided by our proxy service provider, Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. ("Broadridge").
Zebra Capital has retained Broadridge, a recognized proxy service firm, for proxy services, including research, recommendations, proxy voting and recordkeeping. Zebra Capital maintains these written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firms proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice also includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions and client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest
as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required records.
Background
Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.
Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an
adviser's interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser's proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.
Responsibility
The Proxy Committee has the overall responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and recordkeeping.
Procedure
Zebra Capital has adopted procedures to implement the firms policy and reviews to monitor and insure the firms policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or updated, as appropriate, which include the following:
Voting Procedures
●
In the very unlikely event any proxy materials are received by Zebra Capital, any employee is to forward any proxy materials received on behalf of funds / clients to our Office Manager to, in turn, forward to Broadridge for handling and voting;
●
Typically, Broadridge determines which fund / client accounts hold the security to which the proxy relates;
●
Absent material conflicts, Broadridge will determine the proxy voting the proxy based upon its research, voting recommendations and in accordance with applicable Zebra Capital / Broadridge voting guidelines. Typically, Broadridge and / or Zebra Capital completes the proxy forms on-line and votes the Zebra Capital clients' proxies in a timely and appropriate manner.
Disclosure
●
Zebra Capital provides disclosure information in its Disclosure Document (Form ADV 2A) summarizing this proxy voting policy and procedures, including a statement that clients may request information regarding how Broadridge / Zebra Capital voted a client
’
s proxies, and that clients may request a copy of these
policies and procedures.
Client Requests for Information
●
All client requests for information regarding proxy votes, or policies and procedures, received by any employee should be forwarded to our Office Manager.
●
In response to any request, the Office Manager will request relevant proxy reports from Broadridge and prepare a written response to the client with the information requested. This information may include, as applicable or requested, the name of the issuer, the proposal voted upon, and how Broadridge / Zebra Capital voted the fund's / client
’
s proxy with respect to each proposal about which client inquired.
Voting Guidelines
●
In the absence of specific voting guidelines from the client, Broadridge / Zebra Capital will vote proxies in the best interests of each particular fund / client. Generally, Broadridge / Zebra Capital policy is to vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for each client absent qualifying restrictions from a client or potential or actual conflicts of interests. Clients are generally not allowed to place reasonable restrictions on Zebra Capital's voting authority in the same general manner that they may not place such restrictions on the actual selection of account securities.
●
Broadridge / Zebra Capital will generally vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the election of directors and selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an auditors non-audit services.
●
Broadridge / Zebra Capital will generally vote against proposals that cause board members to become entrenched or cause unequal voting rights.
●
In the event Zebra Capital reviews any proxy proposals, e.g., in the event of a potential conflict of interest, the firm may further consider the opinion of management and the effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuers business practices, the proxies go to the Proxy Committee for review.
Conflicts of Interest
●
Zebra Capital will seek to identify any conflicts that exist between the interests of the adviser and any fund / client by reviewing the relationship of Zebra Capital with the issuer of each security to determine if Zebra Capital or any of its employees has any financial, business or personal relationship with the issuer.
●
If a material conflict of interest exists, the Chief Compliance Officer, or Proxy Committee, will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to the affected clients, to give the clients an
opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent
third party voting recommendation.
●
The Chief Compliance Officer, or his designee, will maintain a record of the voting resolution or other action taken regarding any conflict of interest.
Recordkeeping
The Office Manager will retain the following proxy records either through the Broadridge recordkeeping processes, EDGAR electronic filings or Zebra Capital's records in accordance with the SEC
’
s five-year retention requirement.
●
These policies and procedures and any amendments;
●
Each proxy statement that Broadridge / Zebra Capital receives;
●
A record of each vote that Broadridge / Zebra Capital casts;
●
Any document Broadridge / Zebra Capital created that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies, or that memorializes that decision including periodic reports to funds, clients or Managing Members, if applicable.
●
A copy of each written request from a client for information on how Broadridge / Zebra Capital voted such funds / client
’
s proxies, and a copy of any written response.
Northern Lights Fund Trust
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 28.
EXHIBITS.
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(a)(1)
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Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated January 19, 2005, as amended December 14, 2009 previously filed on March 24, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 133, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(a)(2)
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Certificate of Trust as filed with the State of Delaware on January 19, 2005. Previously filed on February 18, 2005 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(b)
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By-Laws, effective as of January 19, 2005, as amended December 14, 2009, previously filed on March 24, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 133, and hereby incorporated by reference
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(c)
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Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders. See Article III, Shares and Article V Shareholders Voting Powers and Meetings of the Registrants Agreement and Declaration of Trust. See also, Article II, Meetings of Shareholders of the Registrants By-Laws.
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(d)(1)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Adaptive Allocation Fund (previously known as Critical Math Fund), and Critical Math Advisors LLC, previously filed on January 30, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 8, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(2)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Biondo Growth Fund, and Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, previously filed on April 24, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 11, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(3)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Arrow DWA Balanced Fund and Arrow DWA Tactical Fund, previously filed on June 2, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 45, and hereby incorporated by reference. Updated Investment Advisory Agreement to include Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund to be filed by amendment.
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(d)(4)
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Sub-Advisory Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc., with respect to Arrow DWA Balanced Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 2, 2007.
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(d)(5)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Autopilot Managed Growth Fund, and Rhoads Lucca Capital Partners, LP, previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(6)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Changing Parameters Fund, and Changing Parameters, LLC, previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(7)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Pacific Financial Core Equity Fund, the Pacific Financial Explorer Fund, the Pacific Financial International Fund, the Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund and the Pacific Financial Tactical Fund, and The Pacific Financial Group, Inc., previously filed on May 10, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 21, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(8)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Gratio Values Fund, and Sherwood Advisors, LLC (D.B.A. Gratio Capital) previously filed on October 20, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 109, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(9)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Arrow Alternative Solutions Fund, and Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC, previously filed on July 31, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 27, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(10)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Sierra Core Retirement Fund and Wright Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on December 17, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 35, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(11)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Wintrust Capital Management Company, LLC (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Asset Management Company), with respect to Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Large Cap Core Fund), Wayne Hummer Real Estate 130/30 Fund and Wintrust Capital Small Cap Opportunity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Small Cap Core Fund) previously filed on November 28, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 72, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(12)
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Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc., with respect to Arrow DWA Tactical Fund, previously filed on April 18, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 41, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(13)
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Interim Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to EAS Crow Point Alternatives Fund and Crow Point Partners, LLC, previously filed on March 7, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 469, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(14)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to KCM Macro Trends Fund and Kerns Capital Management, Inc., previously filed on April 18, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 41, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(15)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to EM Capital India Gateway Fund and EM Capital Management, LLC, previously filed on September 8, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 61, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(16)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the MutualHedge Event Driven Legends Fund and MutualHedge Long-Short Legends Fund, and Equinox Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on October 10, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 65, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(17)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Generations Multi-Strategy Fund and Three G Financial, LLC, previously filed on August 21, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 58, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(18)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Wade Tactical L/S Fund and Wade Financial Group, previously filed on November 28, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 436, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(19)
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Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between SouthernSun Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, on behalf of SouthernSun Small Cap Fund and SouthernSun U.S. Equity Fund, previously filed on July 22, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 285, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(20)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Toews Hedged Emerging Markets Fund and Toews Corporation previously filed on May 14, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 87, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(21)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Leader Short Term Bond Fund and Leader Capital Corp., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(22)
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Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc., with respect to Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund to be filed by amendment.
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(d)(23)
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Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund and CMG Capital Management Group, Inc., previously filed on March 9, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 80, and hereby incorporated by reference. Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the CMG SR Tactical Bond Fund and CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. as last updated on June 17, 2013 previously filed on June 17, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 496, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(24)
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Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Anchor Capital Management Group, LLC, with respect to CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(25)
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Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Traub Capital Management, LLC, with respect to CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(26)
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Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Heritage Capital, LLC, with respect to CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(27)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Scotia Partners, Ltd., with respect to CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(28)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Incline Capital Smart Switch Fund and Incline Asset Management, LLC previously filed on January 14, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 121, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(29)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Currency Strategies Fund and Sarasota Capital Partners, LLC previously filed on April 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 83, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(30)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Bull Path Capital Management LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Long-Short Fund and Bull Path Mid-Cap Growth Fund previously filed on April 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 83, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(31)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Summit Portfolio Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Collar Fund previously filed on May 11, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 85, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(32)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Montebello Partners, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the GMG Defensive Beta Fund previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(33)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Chariot Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Chariot Absolute Return Currency Fund previously filed on July 10, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 93, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(34)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Wintrust Capital Management Company, LLC (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Asset Management Company, LLC) and Advanced Investment Partners, LLC, with respect to Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Large Cap Core Fund) previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(35)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the BTS Bond Asset Allocation Fund previously filed on July 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 94, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(36)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Astor Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Astor Long/Short Fund previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(37)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Rady Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Rady Opportunistic Value Fund and Rady Contrarian Long/Short Fund (formerly known as Rady Opportunistic Fund and Rady Contrarian Fund) previously filed on September 25, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 106, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(38)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Lacerte Capital Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Guardian Fund previously filed on September 25, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 106, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(39)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Equinox Fund Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to MutualHedge Frontier Legends Fund previously filed on January 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 122, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(40)
|
Interim Investment Advisory Agreement between Winans International Investment Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Winans Long/Short Fund (known previously as Biltmore Momentum/Dynamic ETF Fund) previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(41)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between WI Mutual Funds, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Winans Long/Short Fund previously filed on November 20, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 113, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(42)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between WI Mutual Funds, LLC and Winans International, Inc., with respect to Winans Long/Short Fund previously filed on November 20, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 113, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(43)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Investment Partners Opportunities Fund previously filed on October 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 111, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(44)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Generations Multi-Strategy Fund and FocusPoint Solutions, Inc. previously filed on January 14, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 121, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(45)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Biondo Focus Fund previously filed on January 14, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 121, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(46)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Toews Corporation and the Registrant, with respect to Toews Hedged International Fund, Toews Hedged High Yield Fund, Toews Hedged Large-Cap Fund and Toews Hedged Small & Mid Cap Fund previously filed on June 4, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 156, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(47)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Strategic Investing Funds, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Strategic Investing Long/Short Fund previously filed on January 28, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 124, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(48)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Arrow Managed Futures Trend Fund previously filed on April 28, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 146, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(49)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund previously filed on March 24, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 133, and hereby incorporated by reference
|
(d)(50)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc and Dunn Warren Investment Advisors, LLC, with respect to the CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund previously filed on March 24, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 133, and hereby incorporated by reference
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(d)(51)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Mount Yale Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 8, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 164, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(52)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Mount Yale Asset Management, LLC and 6800 Capital, LLC, with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on June 15, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 161, and hereby incorporated by reference
|
(d)(53)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Mount Yale Asset Management, LLC and Congress Asset Management Company, LLP, with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on June 15, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 161, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(54)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Chadwick & DAmato, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Chadwick & DAmato Fund previously filed on June 10, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 157, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(55)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between 13D Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to 13D Activist Fund previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 345, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(56)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to CIFG MaxOpp
SM
Fund previously filed on July 14, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 165, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(57)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc and Dunn Warren Investment Advisors, LLC, with respect to the CIFG MaxOpp
SM
Fund previously filed on July 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 167, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(58)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Leader Capital Corp. and the Registrant, with respect to Leader Total Return Fund previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(59)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(60)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and Rodney Square Management Corporation, with respect to Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference
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(d)(61)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Power Income Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(62)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Portfolio Strategies, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund and PSI Tactical Growth Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(63)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between RAM Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to RAM Risk-Managed Growth Fund previously filed on July 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 166, and hereby incorporated by reference
|
(d)(64)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Gratio Capital, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to GoalMine Fixed Income Fund and GoalMine Balanced Growth Fund previously filed on July 8, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 164, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(65)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Bishop Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Bishop Volatility Flex Fund is previously filed on October 7, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 180, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(66)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between CWC Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(67)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Traub Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The FX Strategy Fund previously filed on January 20, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 201, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(68)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Arrow Commodity Strategy Fund was previously filed on June 10, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 272, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(69)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between BBW Capital Advisors and the Registrant, with respect to TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund previously filed on December 2, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 187, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(70)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between BBW Capital Advisors and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., with respect to TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund previously filed on December 2, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 187, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(71)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between 7Twelve Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to 7Twelve Balanced Fund previously filed on February 3, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 207, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(72)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Bandon Capital Management, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund previously filed on December 3, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 189, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(73)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Bandon Capital Management, LLC and Dix Hills Partners, LLC, with respect to the Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund previously filed on December 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 193, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(74)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Bandon Capital Management, LLC and Logan Circle Partners, L.P. with respect to the Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund previously filed on December 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 193, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(75)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Beech Hill Advisors, Inc., and the Registrant, with respect to Beech Hill Total Return Fund previously filed on January 5, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 196, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(76)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc., and the Registrant, with respect to Navigator Equity Hedged Fund previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(77)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Tatro Capital, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Tatro Capital Tactical Appreciation Fund previously filed on February 3, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 207, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(78)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on March 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 226, and hereby incorporated by reference. Transfer and Assumption Agreement between Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC, and Dearborn Capital Management, L.L.C., with respect to the Investment Advisory Agreement specific as to the Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 31, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 491, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(79)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between GPS Capital Management, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to GPS Multiple Strategy Fund previously filed on April 21, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 240, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(80)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Diversified Risk Parity Fund previously filed on April 21, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 240, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(81)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Genesis Capital LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to SCA Absolute Return Fund and SCA Directional Fund previously filed on April 21, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 240, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(82)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Avant Capital Management, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Avant Gold Bullion Strategy Fund previously filed on November 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 327, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(83)
|
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Emerald Asset Advisors, LLC and CWM, LLC with respect to the EAS Funds to be filed by amendment.
|
(d)(84)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Macro Strategy Fund previously filed on May 16, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 251, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(85)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Zeo Strategic Income Fund previously filed on May 27, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 261, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(86)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC. and the Registrant, with respect to The Giralda Fund previously filed on May 4, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 245, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(87)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Iron Horse Fund previously filed on May 11, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 249, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(88)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Mosaic Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Mosaic Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on June 3, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 264, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(89)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Fusion Investment Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Global Fusion Tactical Equity Fund and Global Fusion Long/Short Fund filed on May 23, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 255, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(90)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Astor Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Astor Active Income ETF Fund and Astor Style Preferred Growth ETF Fund previously filed on May 24, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 256, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(91)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and American Independence Financial Services, LLC, with respect to CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund previously filed on March 14, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(92)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Howard Capital Management, Inc. with respect to CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund previously filed on March 14, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(93)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Altrius Institutional Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Altrius Small Cap Value Fund previously filed on June 13, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 273, and hereby incorporated by reference.
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(d)(94)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Master Fund, Ascendant MultiCap Equity Fund and Patriot Fund previously filed on March 19, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Amendment No. 366, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(95)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Winch Advisory Services, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Ginkgo Multi-Strategy Fund previously filed on July 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 282, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(96)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Absolute Private Wealth Management LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 22, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 284, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(97)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Absolute Private Wealth Management LLC and Horizon Cash Management LLC, with respect to Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 22, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 284, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(98)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Peregrine Capital Advisors, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Peregrine Gold Silver Alpha Strategy Fund previously filed on August 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 298, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(99)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Triex Financial Services, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Triex Long/Short Fund previously filed on July 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 289, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(100)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Toews Corporation and the Registrant, with respect to Toews Hedged Commodities Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(d)(101)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Avant Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Avant Gold Coin Strategy Fund previously filed on October 18, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 317, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(102)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund previously filed on October 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 318, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(103)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and Doubleline Capital LP, with respect to Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund previously filed on October 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 318, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(104)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to RPG Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund previously filed on November 28, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 341, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(105)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC and F-Squared Institutional Advisors, LLC, with respect to RPG Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund previously filed on November 28, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 341, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(106)
|
Interim Investment Advisory Agreement between Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Long-Short Fund previously filed on September 2, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 304, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(107)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Rady Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Rady Monthly High Income Fund, Rady Bear Fund, Rady Commodity Equity Fund, Rady Small Cap Value Fund, Rady Growth and Income Fund, Rady Tactical Long/Short Fund and Rady Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 344, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(108)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Patriot Fund previously filed on January 9, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 346, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(109)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the PTA Comprehensive Alternatives Fund previously filed on November 25, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 336, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(110)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund previously filed on March 12, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 363, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(111)
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Scotia Partners, LLC, with respect to the CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund previously filed on March 12, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 363, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(112)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 368, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(113)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Harvest Capital Strategies, LLC, with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 368, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(114)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and OMT Capital Management LLC, with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 369, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(115)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Wright Fund Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Sierra Strategic Income Fund previously filed on December 21, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 343, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(116)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, Eagle Global Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund previously filed on June 12, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 386, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(117)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Visium Asset Management LP, with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 369, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(118)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(119)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Sandalwood Securities, Inc., with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(120)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Deer Park Road Corporation, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(121)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Acuity Capital Management, LLC, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(122)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P., with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(123)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Whippoorwill Associates, Inc., with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(124)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund previously filed on December 18, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 445, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(125)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and RockView Management, LLC, with respect to the Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund previously filed on December 18, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 445, and hereby incorporated by reference..
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(d)(126)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between The Pacific Financial Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the Pacific Financial Alternative Strategies Fund, Pacific Financial Flexible Growth & Income Fund, Pacific Financial Balanced Fund, Pacific Financial Foundational Asset Allocation Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Moderate Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Conservative Fund and Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Aggressive Fund previously filed on December 31, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 447, and hereby incorporated by reference...
|
(d)(127)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund previously filed on February 20, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 462, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(128)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the BTS Diversified Income Fund previously filed on February 12, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 459, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(129)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Global Equity Fund previously filed on May 30, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 488, and hereby incorporated by reference..
|
(d)(130)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Alpha Simplex Group, LLC, with respect to the CMG Global Equity Fund previously filed on May 1, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 485, and hereby incorporated by reference..
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(d)(131)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(d)(132)
|
Assignment and Consent between the Registrant, Emerald Asset Advisors, LLC and Crow Point Partners, LLC previously filed on March 7, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 469, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(133)
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Toews Corporation and the Registrant, with respect to the Toews Unconstrained Income Fund previously filed on June 26, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 501, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(134)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Managed High Yield Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(d)(135)
|
Advisory Fee Waiver between Traub Capital Management, LLC. and the Registrant, with respect to The FX Strategy Fund previously filed on April 30, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 480, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(136)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Giralda Fund previously filed on May 30, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 488, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(137)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on August 20, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 520, and hereby incorporated by reference..
|
(d)(138)
|
Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and Main Point Advisers, LLC, with respect to the Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on August 20, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 520, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(d)(139)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Probabilities Fund Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Probabilities Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(d)(140)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the Power Dividend Index Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(d)(141)
|
Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement between Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Iron Horse Fund previously filed on July 25, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 507, and hereby incorporated by reference..
|
(d)(142)
|
Investment Advisory Agreement between Portfolio Strategies, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the PSI Calendar Effects Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(e)(1)
|
Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Lights Distributors LLC, previously filed on March 15, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 471, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(e)(2)
|
Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Foreside Distribution Services, LP with respect to The Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(f)
|
Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts - NONE
|
(g)(1)
|
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, previously filed on October 3, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 29, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(g)(2)
|
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the First National Bank of Omaha is hereby incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 2, 2007.
|
(g)(3)
|
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Union Bank, N.A., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(g)(4)
|
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Fifth Third Bank, previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(g)(5)
|
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. previously filed on August 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 302, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(1)
|
Fund Accounting Service Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, previously filed on October 3, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 29, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(2)
|
Administration Service Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, previously filed on October 3, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 29, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(3)
|
Transfer Agency Service Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, previously filed on October 3, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 29, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(4)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Adaptive Allocation Fund (previously known as Critical Math Fund), and Critical Math Advisors LLC, previously filed on January 30, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 8, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(5)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Biondo Growth Fund, and Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, previously filed on April 24, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 11, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(6)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Winans Long/Short Fund (known previously as Biltmore Momentum/Dynamic ETF Fund) and Capital Group, Inc. (D.B.A. Biltmore Investment Group), previously filed on May 31, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 13, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(7)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Arrow DWA Balanced Fund, Arrow DWA Tactical Fund and Arrow Alternative Solutions Fund, previously filed on May 30, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 45, and hereby incorporated by reference. Updated Expense Limitation Agreement to include Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund previously filed on January 28, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 124, and hereby incorporated by reference. Updated Expense Limitation Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Arrow Commodity Strategy Fund previously filed on October 14, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 314 and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(8)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Autopilot Managed Growth Fund, and Rhoads Lucca Capital Partners, LP previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(9)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Pacific Financial Core Equity Fund, the Pacific Financial Explorer Fund, the Pacific Financial International Fund, the Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund and the Pacific Financial Tactical Fund, and The Pacific Financial Group, Inc. previously filed on May 10, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 21, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(10)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Gratio Values Fund, and Sherwood Advisors, LLC (D.B.A. Gratio Capital) previously filed on October 20, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 109, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(11)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Sierra Core Retirement Fund and Wright Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on December 17, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 35, and hereby incorporated by reference. Form of revised Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Sierra Core Retirement Fund and Wright Fund Management, LLC previously filed on June 1, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 380, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(12)
|
Custody Administration Agreement between Registrant and the Administrator, with respect to certain Funds of the Trust that use First National Bank of Omaha as Custodian, is hereby incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 2, 2007.
|
(h)(13)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Wintrust Capital Management Company, LLC (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Asset Management Company), with respect to Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Large Cap Core Fund), Wayne Hummer Real Estate 130/30 Fund and Wintrust Capital Small Cap Opportunity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Small Cap Core Fund) previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(14)
|
Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant and Wintrust Capital Management Company, LLC (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Asset Management Company), with respect to Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Large Cap Core Fund) was previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(15)
|
Amendment to Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect EAS Crow Point Alternatives Fund and Emerald Asset Advisors, LLC, previously filed on March 7, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 469, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(16)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to KCM Macro Trends Fund and Kerns Capital Management, Inc., previously filed on April 18, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 41, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(17)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to EM Capital India Gateway Fund and EM Capital Management, LLC, previously filed on September 8, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 61, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(18)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the MutualHedge Funds and Equinox Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on October 10, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 65, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(19)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Generations Multi-Strategy Fund and Three G Financial, LLC, previously filed on December 4, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 119, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(20)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Wade Tactical L/S Fund and Wade Financial Group previously filed on August 21, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 58, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(21)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between SouthernSun Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, on behalf of SouthernSun Small Cap Fund and SouthernSun U. S. Equity Fund previously filed on July 22, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 285, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(22)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Toews Hedged Emerging Markets Fund and Toews Corporation previously filed on May 14, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 87, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(23)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Leader Short-Term Bond Fund and Leader Capital Corp., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(24)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund and CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. previously filed on March 9, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 80, and hereby incorporated by reference. Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the CMG SR Tactical Bond Fund and CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. as last updated on June 17, 2013 previously filed on June 17, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 496, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(25)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Incline Capital Smart Switch Fund and Incline Asset Management, LLC previously filed on March 9, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 80, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(26)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Currency Strategies Fund and Sarasota Capital Partners, LLC previously filed on January 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 122, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(27)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Bull Path Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Long-Short Fund and Bull Path Mid-Cap Growth Fund previously filed on April 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 83, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(28)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the GMG Defensive Beta Fund and Montebello Partners, LLC previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(29)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Chariot Absolute Return Currency Fund and Chariot Advisors, LLC previously filed on July 10, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 93, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(30)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Astor Long/Short Fund and Astor Asset Management, LLC previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(31)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect Rady Opportunistic Value Fund and Rady Contrarian Long/Short Fund (formerly known as Rady Opportunistic Fund and Rady Contrarian Fund) and Rady Asset Management, LLC previously filed on August 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 98, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(32)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Guardian Fund and Lacerte Capital Advisors, LLC previously filed on September 25, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 106, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(33)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to MutualHedge Frontier Legends Fund and Equinox Fund Management, LLC previously filed on January 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 122, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(34)
|
Interim Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Winans Long/Short Fund (known previously as Biltmore Momentum/Dynamic ETF Fund) previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(35)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Investment Partners Opportunities Fund and Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc. previously filed on January 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 122, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(36)
|
Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC previously filed on October 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 111, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(37)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Toews Hedged International Fund, Toews Hedged High Yield Fund, Toews Hedged Large-Cap Fund and Toews Hedged Small & Mid Cap Fund and Toews Corporation previously filed on June 4, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 156, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(38)
|
Interim Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Incline Capital Smart Switch Fund and Incline Asset Management, LLC, previously filed on December 4, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 119, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(39)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Strategic Investing Long/Short Fund and Strategic Investing Funds, LLC previously filed on January 28, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 124, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(40)
|
Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant and Summit Portfolio Advisors, LLC with respect to The Collar Fund previously filed on January 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 122, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(41)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund and Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc previously filed on April 7, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 137, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(42)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Princeton Futures Strategy Fund and Mount Yale Asset Management, LLC previously filed on June 15, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 161, and hereby incorporated by reference
|
(h)(43)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to CIFG MaxOpp
SM
Fund and Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc. previously filed on July 14, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 165, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(44)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Leader Total Return Fund and Leader Capital Corp. previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(45)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund and Altegris Advisors, LLC previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(46)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Power Income Fund and W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. previously filed on August 31, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(47)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund and PSI Tactical Growth Power Income Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(48)
|
Interim Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the SouthernSun Small Cap Fund and SouthernSun Asset Management, Inc., previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(49)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to RAM Risk-Managed Growth Fund previously filed on July 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 166, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(50)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to GoalMine Fixed Income Fund and GoalMine Balanced Growth Fund previously filed on July 14, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 165, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(51)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Bishop Volatility Flex Fund previously filed on November 1, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 185, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(52)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund previously filed on January 28, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 451, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(53)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Arrow Commodity Strategy Fund previously filed on June 10, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 272 and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(54)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 369, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(55)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to 7Twelve Balanced Fund previously filed on February 3, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 207, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(56)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Bandon Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund previously filed on January 5, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 196, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(57)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Beech Hill Advisors, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Beech Hill Total Return Fund previously filed on January 20, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 201, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(58)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Navigator Equity Hedged Fund previously filed on January 5, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 197, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(59)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Tatro Capital, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Tatro Capital Tactical Appreciation Fund previously filed on February 3, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 207, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(60)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on March 9, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 229, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(61)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between GPS Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to GPS Multiple Strategy Fund previously filed on April 21, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 240, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(62)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Diversified Risk Parity Fund previously filed on April 21, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 240, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(63)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Genesis Capital LLC and the Registrant, with respect to SCA Absolute Return Fund and SCA Directional Fund previously filed on May 6, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(64)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Avant Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Avant Gold Bullion Strategy Fund previously filed on November 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 327, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(65)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Macro Strategy Fund previously filed on July 26, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 509, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(66)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Zeo Strategic Income Fund previously filed on May 27, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 261, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(67)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Giralda Fund previously filed on May 31, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 491, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(68)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Iron Horse Fund previously filed on May 11, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 249, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(69)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Mosaic Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Mosaic Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on June 3, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 264, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(70)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Fusion Investment Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Global Fusion Tactical Equity Fund and Global Fusion Long/Short Fund filed on May 23, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 255, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(71)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Astor Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Astor Active Income ETF Fund and Astor Style Preferred Growth ETF Fund previously filed on May 24, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 256, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(72)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Altrius Institutional Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Altrius Small Cap Value Fund was previously filed on June 13, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 273, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(73)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant MultiCap Equity Fund and Patriot Fund previously filed on March 19, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Amendment No. 366, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(74)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Winch Advisory Services, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Ginkgo Multi-Strategy Fund previously filed on July 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 282, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(75)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Absolute Private Wealth Management LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 22, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 284, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(76)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Peregrine Capital Advisors, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Peregrine Gold Silver Alpha Strategy Fund previously filed on August 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 298, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(77)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Triex Financial Services, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Triex Long/Short Fund previously filed on August 23, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 300, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(78)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Toews Corporation and the Registrant, with respect to Toews Hedged Commodities Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(h)(79)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Avant Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Avant Gold Coin Strategy Fund previously filed on October 18, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 317, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(80)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund was previously filed on October 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 318, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(81)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to RPG Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund previously filed on November 28, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 341, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(82)
|
Interim Expense Limitation Agreement between Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Long-Short Fund was filed previously filed on September 2, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 304, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(83)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Rady Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Rady Monthly High Income Fund, Rady Bear Fund, Rady Commodity Equity Fund, Rady Small Cap Value Fund, Rady Growth and Income Fund, Rady Tactical Long/Short Fund and Rady Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 344, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(84)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the PTA Comprehensive Alternatives Fund previously filed on November 25, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 336, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(85)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund previously filed on March 12, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 363, and hereby incorporated by reference. Form of revised Expense Limitation Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund previously filed on June 4, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 381, and hereby incorporated by reference..
|
(h)(86)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 368, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(87)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Wright Fund Management and the Registrant, with respect to the Sierra Strategic Income Fund previously filed on June 11, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 385, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(88)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, Eagle Global Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund previously filed on June 12, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 386, and hereby incorporated by reference
|
(h)(89)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant with respect to the Ascendant Natural Resources Master Fund previously filed on March 19, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Amendment No. 366, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(89)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(90)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., and the Registrant with respect to the Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund previously filed on December 18, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 445, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(91)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between The Pacific Financial Group, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the Pacific Financial Alternative Strategies Fund, Pacific Financial Flexible Growth & Income Fund, Pacific Financial Balanced Fund, Pacific Financial Foundational Asset Allocation Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Moderate Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Conservative Fund and Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Aggressive Fund previously filed on December 31, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 447, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(92)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund previously filed on February 20, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 462, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(93)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the BTS Diversified Income Fund previously filed on February 12, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 459, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(94)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the CMG Global Equity Fund previously filed on May 30, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 488, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(95)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(h)(96)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Toews Corporation and the Registrant with respect to the Toews Unconstrained Income Fund previously filed on June 26, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 501, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(97)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the CMG Managed High Yield Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(h)(98)
|
Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on August 20, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 520, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(h)(99)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Probabilities Fund Management, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Probabilities Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(h)(100)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc., .and the Registrant with respect to the Power Dividend Index Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(h)(101)
|
Expense Limitation Agreement between Portfolio Strategies, Inc..and the Registrant with respect to the PSI Calendar Effects Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(i)(1)
|
Opinion of Counsel previously filed on April 17, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 478, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(i)(2)
|
Consent of Counsel is filed herewith.
|
(j)(1)
|
Consent of Independent Auditor is filed herewith.
|
(j)(2)
|
Powers of Attorney of Andrew Rogers and Kevin Wolf previously filed on March 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 81, and hereby incorporated by reference. Powers of Attorney of Anthony J. Hertl, Michael Miola, L. Merill Bryan, Gary W. Lanzen, Mark Taylor previously filed on April 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 234, and hereby incorporated by reference. Power of Attorney of John V. Palancia previously filed on January 9, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 346, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(j)(3)
|
Powers of Attorney of Anthony J. Hertl, Gary W. Lanzen, Mark Taylor and John V. Palancia with respect to GPMFS Fund Ltd. previously filed on May 31, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 491, and hereby incorporated by reference..
|
(k)
|
Omitted Financial Statements - Not Applicable.
|
(l)
|
Initial Capital Agreements - Not Applicable.
|
(m)(1)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Adaptive Allocation Fund (previously known as Critical Math Fund), previously filed on January 30, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 8, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(2)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of The Biondo Growth Fund, previously filed on April 24, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 11, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(3)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Winans Long/Short Fund (known previously as Biltmore Momentum/Dynamic ETF Fund), previously filed on May 31, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 13, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(4)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Arrow DWA Balanced Fund previously filed on July 19, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 15, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(5)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Autopilot Managed Growth Fund previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(6)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Pacific Financial Core Equity Fund, the Pacific Financial Explorer Fund, the Pacific Financial International Fund, the Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund and the Pacific Financial Tactical Fund previously filed on May 10, 2007 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 21, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(7)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Gratio Values Fund, previously filed on May 6, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 43, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(8)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Investor Class Shares of The Biondo Growth Fund, previously filed on February 1, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 36, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(9)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Arrow Alternative Solutions Fund, previously filed on October 3, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 29, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(10)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Sierra Core Retirement Fund, previously filed on December 17, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 35, and hereby incorporated by reference. Form of revised Rule 12b-1 Plan of Sierra Core Retirement Fund previously filed on June 1, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 380, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(11)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Arrow DWA Tactical Fund, previously filed on May 6, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 43, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(12)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of EAS Crow Point Alternatives Fund, previously filed on May 6, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 43, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(13)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of KCM Macro Trends Fund, previously filed on May 6, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 43, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(14)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of EM Capital India Gateway Fund, previously filed on September 8, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 61, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(15)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Large Cap Core Fund), previously filed on May 22, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 44, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(16)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of MutualHedge Funds previously filed on October 31, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 68, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(17)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Wade Tactical L/S Fund previously filed on October 10, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 65, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(18)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of SouthernSun Small Cap Fund previously filed on October 31, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 68, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(19)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Leader Short-Term Bond Fund previously filed on October 31, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 68, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(20)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund to be filed by amendment.
|
(m)(21)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Wayne Hummer Real Estate 130/30 Fund and Wintrust Capital Small Cap Opportunity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Small Cap Core Fund) previously filed on November 28, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 72, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(22)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of SouthernSun U.S. Equity Fund previously filed on July 22, 2011, to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 285, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(23)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund previously filed on March 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 81, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(24)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Incline Capital Smart Switch Fund previously filed on March 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 81, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(25)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of The Currency Strategies Fund previously filed on April 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 83, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(26)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of The Long-Short Fund and Bull Path Mid-Cap Growth Fund previously filed on April 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 83, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(27)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of GMG Defensive Beta Fund previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(28)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Chariot Absolute Return Currency Fund previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(29)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of BTS Bond Asset Allocation Fund previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(30)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Astor Long/Short Fund previously filed on August 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 96, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(31)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Rady Opportunistic Value Fund and Rady Contrarian Long/Short Fund (formerly known as Rady Opportunistic Fund and Rady Contrarian Fund) previously filed on October 20, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(32)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of The Guardian Fund previously filed on October 20, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 109, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(33)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of MutualHedge Frontier Legends Fund previously filed on January 28, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 124, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(34)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Investment Partners Opportunities Fund previously filed on November 16, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 112, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(35)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of The Biondo Focus Fund previously filed on January 28, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 124, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(36)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Generations Multi-Strategy Fund, previously filed on December 4, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 119, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(37)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Strategic Investing Long/Short Fund previously filed on April 7, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 137, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(38)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Arrow Managed Futures Trend Fund previously filed on April 29, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(39)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund previously filed on April 7, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 137, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(40)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 8, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 164, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(41)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Chadwick & DAmato Fund previously filed on June 10, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 157, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(42)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of 13D Activist Fund previously filed on February 3, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 355, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(43)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of CIFG MaxOpp
SM
Fund previously filed on July 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 167, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(44)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Leader Total Return Fund previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(45)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on August 31, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(46)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Power Income Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(47)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund and PSI Tactical Growth Power Income Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(48)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of RAM Risk-Managed Growth Fund previously filed on September 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 179, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(49)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of GoalMine Fixed Income Fund and GoalMine Balanced Growth Fund previously filed on July 14, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 165, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(50)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Bishop Volatility Flex Fund previously filed on November 1, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 185, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(51)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund previously filed on December 3, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 189, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(52)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of The FX Strategy Fund previously filed on January 28, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 204, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(53)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Arrow Commodity Strategy Fund previously filed on January 5, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 196, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(54)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of 7Twelve Balanced Fund previously filed on February 11, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 210, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(54)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund previously filed on December 22, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 193, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(56)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Beech Hill Total Return Fund previously filed on January 5, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 197, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(57)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Navigator Equity Hedged Fund previously filed on January 13, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 199, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(57)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Tatro Capital Tactical Appreciation Fund previously filed on February 11, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 210, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(59)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on March 3, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 227, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(60)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of GPS Multiple Strategy Fund previously filed on May 16, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 251, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(61)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Diversified Risk Parity Fund previously filed on May 23, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 254, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(62)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of SCA Absolute Return Fund and SCA Directional Fund previously filed on May 23, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 254, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(63)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Avant Gold Bullion Strategy Fund previously filed on November 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 327, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(64)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Altegris Macro Strategy Fund previously filed on May 16, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 251, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(65)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Zeo Strategic Income Fund previously filed on July 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 279, and hereby incorporated by reference. .
|
(m)(66)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of The Giralda Fund previously filed on September 30, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(67)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Iron Horse Fund previously filed on May 11, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 249, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(68)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Mosaic Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 279, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(69)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Astor Active Income ETF Fund and Astor Style Preferred Growth ETF Fund previously filed on May 24, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 256, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(70)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Altrius Small Cap Value Fund was previously filed on June 13, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 273, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(71)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant MultiCap Equity Fund and Ascendant Patriot Fund previously filed on March 19, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Amendment No. 366, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(72)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Ginkgo Multi-Strategy Fund previously filed on July 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 279, and hereby incorporated by reference. .
|
(m)(73)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 22, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 285, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(74)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Peregrine Gold Silver Alpha Strategy Fund previously filed on August 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 298, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(75)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Triex Long/Short Fund previously filed on August 23, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 300, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(76)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Avant Gold Coin Strategy Fund previously filed on October 18, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 317, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(77)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund was previously filed on October 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 318, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(78)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of RPG Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund previously filed on November 28, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 341, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(79)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of Rady Monthly High Income Fund, Rady Bear Fund, Rady Commodity Equity Fund, Rady Small Cap Value Fund, Rady Growth and Income Fund, Rady Tactical Long/Short Fund and Rady Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 344, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(80)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 369, and hereby incorporated by reference. Revised 12b-1 Plan of the CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund previously filed on August 10, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4026, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(81)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on March 30, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 368, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(82)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Sierra Strategic Income Fund previously filed on December 21, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 343, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(83)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund previously filed on June 12, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 386, and hereby incorporated by reference
|
(m)(84)
|
Revised Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Leader Short term Bond and Leader Total Return Fund previously filed on August 10, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4026, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(85)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on September 20, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 416, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(86)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund previously filed on December 18, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 445, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(87)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Pacific Financial Alternative Strategies Fund, Pacific Financial Flexible Growth & Income Fund, Pacific Financial Balanced Fund, Pacific Financial Foundational Asset Allocation Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Moderate Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Conservative Fund and Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Aggressive Fund previously filed on December 31, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 447, and hereby incorporated by reference..
|
(m)(88)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the Altegris Multi-Strategy Fund previously filed on February 20, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 462, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(89)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the BTS Diversified Income Fund previously filed on February 12, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 459, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(m)(90)
|
Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan of the CMG Global Equity Fund previously filed on May 1, 2013 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 485, and hereby incorporated by reference..
|
(m)(91)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund to be filed amendment.
|
(m)(92)
|
Rule 12b-1 Plan of the CMG Managed High Yield Fund to be file by amendment.
|
(n)
|
Rule 18f-3 Plan to add BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund, Toews Unconstrained Fixed Income Fund and CMG Managed High Yield to be filed by amendment.
|
(p)(1)
|
Code of Ethics of Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, previously filed on October 30, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 32, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(2)
|
Code of Ethics of Critical Math Advisors LLC, previously filed on January 30, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 8, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(3)
|
Code of Ethics of Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, previously filed on April 24, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 11, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(4)
|
Code of Ethics of Capital Group, Inc. (D.B.A. Biltmore Investment Group) previously filed on May 31, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 13, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(5)
|
Code of Ethics of Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC previously filed on July 19, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 15, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(6)
|
Code of Ethics of Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc previously filed on July 19, 2006 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 15, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(7)
|
Code of Ethics of Rhoads Lucca Capital Partners, LP previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(8)
|
Code of Ethics of Changing Parameters, LLC previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(10)
|
Code of Ethics of The Pacific Financial Group, Inc. previously filed on May 10, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 21, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(11)
|
Code of Ethics of Sherwood Advisors, LLC (D.B.A. Gratio Capital) previously filed on May 10, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 21, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(12)
|
Code of Ethics of Wright Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on December 17, 2007 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 35, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(13)
|
Code of Ethics of Anchor Capital Management Group, Inc., previously filed on February 12, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 37, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(14)
|
Code of Ethics of Wintrust Capital Management Company, LLC (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Asset Management Company), previously filed on March 20, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 40, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(15)
|
Code of Ethics of Emerald Asset Advisors, LLC, previously filed on April 18, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 41, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(16)
|
Code of Ethics of Kerns Capital Management, Inc., previously filed on April 18, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 41, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(17)
|
Code of Ethics of EM Capital Management, LLC previously filed on October 31, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 68, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(18)
|
Code of Ethics of Equinox Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on July 9, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 51, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(19)
|
Code of Ethics of Three G Financial, LLC, previously filed on August 21, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 58, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(20)
|
Code of Ethics of Wade Financial Group, previously filed on August 21, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 58, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(21)
|
Code of Ethics of SouthernSun Asset Management, Inc. previously filed on August 21, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 58, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(22)
|
Code of Ethics of Toews Corporation, previously filed on November 7, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 70, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(23)
|
Code of Ethics of Leader Capital Corp., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(24)
|
Code of Ethics of CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(25)
|
Code of Ethics of Traub Capital Management, LLC
previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(26)
|
Code of Ethics of Bandon Capital Management, LLC previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(27)
|
Code of Ethics of Heritage Capital, LLC
previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(28)
|
Code of Ethics of Schreiner Capital Management, Inc. previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(29)
|
Code of Ethics of Scotia Partners, Ltd
.
previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(30)
|
Code of Ethics of Incline Asset Management, LLC previously filed on March 13, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 81, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(31)
|
Code of Ethics of Sarasota Capital Partners, LLC previously filed on April 21, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 83, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(32)
|
Code of Ethics of Bull Path Capital Management, LLC previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(33)
|
Code of Ethics of Summit Portfolios Advisors, LLC previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(34)
|
Code of Ethics of Montebello Partners, LLC previously filed on September 14, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 104, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(35)
|
Code of Ethics of Chariot Advisors, LLC previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(36)
|
Code of Ethics of BTS Asset Management, LLC previously filed on August 28, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 99, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(37)
|
Code of Ethics of Astor Asset Management, LLC previously filed on August 28, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 99, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(38)
|
Code of Ethics of Rady Asset Management, LLC previously filed on August 28, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 99, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(39)
|
Code of Ethics of Lacerte Capital Advisors, LLC previously filed on October 30, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 111, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(40)
|
Code of Ethics of Barclays Capital Fund Services-Americas previously filed on September 14, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 104, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(41)
|
Code of Ethics of Winans International Investment Management, Inc. previously filed on August 28, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 99, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(42)
|
Code of Ethics of Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc. previously filed on October 2, 2009 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 107, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(43)
|
Code of Ethics of FocusPoint Solutions, Inc. previously filed on February 12, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 127, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(44)
|
Code of Ethics of Strategic Investing Funds, LLC previously filed on April 7, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 137, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(45)
|
Code of Ethics of Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc previously filed on April 29, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 147, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(46)
|
Code of Ethics of Dunn Warren Investment Advisors, LLC previously filed on April 7, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 137, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(47)
|
Code of Ethics of Mount Yale Asset Management, LLC previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(48)
|
Code of Ethics of 6800 Capital, LLC previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(49)
|
Code of Ethics of Congress Asset Management Company, LLP previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(50)
|
Code of Ethics of Chadwick & DAmato, LLC previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(51)
|
Code of Ethics of 13D Management, LLC previously filed on July 8, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 164, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(52)
|
Code of Ethics of Altegris Advisors, LLC previously filed on August 31, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(53)
|
Code of Ethics of Rodney Square Management Corporation, previously filed on September 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 179, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(54)
|
Code of Ethics of W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. previously filed on August 31, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(55)
|
Code of Ethics of Portfolio Strategies, Inc. previously filed on August 31, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(56)
|
Code of Ethics of RAM Capital Management, LLC previously filed on July 2, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 163, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(57)
|
Code of Ethics of Bishop Asset Management, LLC previously filed on November 1, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 185, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(58)
|
Code of Ethics of CWC Advisors, LLC previously filed on March 14, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(59)
|
Code of Ethics of BBW Capital Advisors previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(60)
|
Code of Ethics of Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. previously filed on March 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 232, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(61)
|
Code of Ethics of 7Twelve Advisors, LLC previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(62)
|
Code of Ethics of Beech Hill Advisors, Inc. previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(63)
|
Code of Ethics of Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. previously filed on December 2, 2010 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 187, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(64)
|
Code of Ethics of Tatro Capital, LLC previously filed on February 11, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 210, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(65)
|
Code of Ethics of Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC previously filed on March 14, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(66)
|
Code of Ethics of GPS Capital Management, LLC previously filed on February 11, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 210, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(67)
|
Code of Ethics of Risk Paradigm Group, LLC previously filed on March 14, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(68)
|
Code of Ethics of Genesis Capital, LLC previously filed on March 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 232, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(69)
|
Code of Ethics of Avant Capital Management, LLC previously filed on May 16, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 251, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(70)
|
Code of Ethics of CWM, LLC previously filed on May 6, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(71)
|
Code of Ethics of Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 345, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(72)
|
Code of Ethics of Giralda Advisors, LLC previously filed on March 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 232, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(73)
|
Code of Ethics of Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC previously filed on May 6, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(74)
|
Code of Ethics of Mosaic Capital Management, LLC previously filed on May 6, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(75)
|
Code of Ethics of Fusion Investment Group, LLC previously filed on May 6, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(76)
|
Code of Ethics of Altrius Institutional Asset Management, LLC previously filed on May 16, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 251, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(77)
|
Code of Ethics of Ascendant Advisors, LLC previously filed on June 14, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 274, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(78)
|
Code of Ethics of Winch Advisory Services, LLC previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 345, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(79)
|
Code of Ethics of Absolute Private Wealth Management, LLC previously filed on July 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 279, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(80)
|
Code of Ethics of Horizon Cash Management LLC previously filed on July 1, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 279, and hereby incorporated by reference. .
|
(p)(81)
|
Code of Ethics of Peregrine Capital Advisors, Inc. previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 345, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(82)
|
Code of Ethics of Triex Financial Services, Inc. previously filed on July 13, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 281, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(83)
|
Code of Ethics of Doubleline Capital LP was previously filed on October 19, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 318, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(84)
|
Code of Ethics of Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC previously filed on September 2, 2011 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 304, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(85)
|
Code of Ethics of Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC to be filed by amendment.
|
(p)(86)
|
Code of Ethics of Eagle Global Advisors, LLC previously filed on June 12, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 386, and hereby incorporated by reference
|
(p)(87)
|
Code of Ethics of Sandalwood Securities, Inc. to be filed by amendment.
|
(p)(88)
|
Code of Ethics of RockView Management, LLC previously filed on December 18, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 445, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
(p)(89)
|
Code of Ethics of Alpha Simplex Group, LLC to be filed by amendment.
|
(p)(90)
|
Code of Ethics of Probabilities Fund Management, LLC to be filed by amendment.
|
ITEM 29.
PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT.
None.
ITEM 30.
INDEMNIFICATION.
Article VIII, Section 2(a) of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that to the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of Trustees and officers are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act of 2002, the officers and Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any act or omission of: any agent or employee of the Trust; any investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust; or with respect to each Trustee and officer, the act or omission of any other Trustee or officer, respectively. The Trust, out of the Trust Property, is required to indemnify and hold harmless each and every officer and Trustee from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever arising out of or related to such officers or Trustees performance of his or her duties as an officer or Trustee of the Trust. This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust whether or not such person is a Trustee or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted. Nothing contained in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust indemnifies, holds harmless or protects any officer or Trustee from or against any liability to the Trust or any shareholder to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such persons office.
Article VIII, Section 2(b) provides that every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or document whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust, the officers or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in such Persons capacity as Trustee and/or as officer, and such Trustee or officer, as applicable, shall not be personally liable therefore, except as described in the last sentence of the first paragraph of Section 2 of Article VIII.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions of Delaware law and the Agreement and Declaration of the Registrant or the By-Laws of the Registrant, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Northern Lights Distributors (NLD), its several officers and directors, and any person who controls NLD within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which NLD, its officers and directors, or any such controlling persons, may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon: (i) any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact required to be stated in either any Registration Statement or any Prospectus, (ii) any omission, or alleged omission, to state a material fact required to be stated in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in any of them not misleading, (iii) the Registrants failure to maintain an effective Registration statement and Prospectus with respect to Shares of the Funds that are the subject of the claim or demand, or (iv) the Registrants failure to provide NLD with advertising or sales materials to be filed with the FINRA on a timely basis.
The Fund Accounting, Transfer Agency and Administration Service Agreements with Gemini Fund Services (GFS) provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify and hold GFS harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to the Registrants refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the Agreement, or which arise out of the Registrants lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Registrants performance under or in connection with this Agreement.
The Consulting Agreement with Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (NLCS) provides that the Registrant agree to indemnify and hold NLCS harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to the Trusts refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the Agreement, or which arise out of the Trusts lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Trusts performance under or in connection with the Agreement. NLCS shall not be liable for, and shall be entitled to rely upon, and may act upon information, records and reports generated by the Trust, advice of the Trust, or of counsel for the Trust and upon statements of the Trusts independent accountants, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such records and reports.
ITEM 31.
BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER.
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of each Advisor of each series of the Trust is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the respective Prospectus captioned Investment Advisor and to the section of the respective Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Advisory and Other Services. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of each Advisor is incorporated by reference to the Advisors Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Each Advisors Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SECs website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov, and may be requested by File No. as follows:
Critical Math Advisors LLC, the Adviser to the Adaptive Allocation Fund -- File No. 801 - 65306
Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, the Adviser to The Biondo Growth Fund and The Biondo Focus Fund-- File No. 801 - 62775
Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC, the Adviser to the Arrow DWA Balanced Fund, Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund, Arrow DWA Tactical Fund, Arrow Alternative Solutions Fund, Arrow Managed Futures Trend Fund and Arrow Commodity Strategy Fund-- File No. 801 - 66595
Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc., the Sub-Adviser to the Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund, Arrow DWA Balanced Fund and Arrow DWA Tactical Fund -- File No. 801 - 29045
Rhoads Lucca Capital Partners, LP, the Adviser to Autopilot Managed Growth Fund -- File No. 801 - 64590
Changing Parameters, LLC, the Adviser to Changing Parameters Fund -- File No. 801-63495
The Pacific Financial Group, Inc., the Adviser to the Pacific Financial Core Equity Fund, the Pacific Financial Explorer Fund, the Pacific Financial International Fund, the Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund, the Pacific Financial Tactical Fund, the Pacific Financial Alternative Strategies Fund, Pacific Financial Flexible Growth & Income Fund, Pacific Financial Balanced Fund, Pacific Financial Foundational Asset Allocation Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Moderate Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Conservative Fund and Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Aggressive Fund -- File No. 801 - 18151
Gratio Capital, Inc., the Adviser to the Gratio Values Fund, GoalMine Fixed Income Fund and GoalMine Balanced Growth Fund -- File No. 801 - 68764
Wright Fund Management, LLC, the Adviser of Sierra Core Retirement Fund and Sierra Strategic Income Fund File No. 801- 68554
Wintrust Capital Management Company, LLC (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Asset Management Company, the Adviser of Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Large Cap Core Fund0, Wayne Hummer Real Estate 130/30 Fund and Wintrust Capital Small Cap Opportunity Fund (formerly known as Wayne Hummer Small Cap Core Fund0 File No. 801 16937
Kerns Capital Management, Inc., the Adviser of the KCM Macro Trends Fund File No. 801 57482
Equinox Fund Management, LLC, the Adviser of the MutualHedge Funds File No. 801- 67852
Three G Financial, LLC, the Adviser of the Generations Multi-Strategy Fund File No. 801- 69579
Wade Financial Group, the Adviser of the Wade Tactical L/S Fund File No. 801-47676
SouthernSun Asset Management, Inc., the Adviser of the SouthernSun Small Cap Fund and SouthernSun U.S. Equity Fund File No. 801- 34451
Toews Corporation, the Adviser of the Toews Hedged Emerging Markets Fund, Toews Hedged International Fund, Toews Hedged High Yield Fund, Toews Hedged Large-Cap Fund, Toews Hedged Small & Mid Cap Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund and Toews Unconstrained Income Fund File No. 801- 47765
Leader Capital Corp., the Adviser of the Leader Short Term Bond Fund and Leader Total Return Fund File No. 801-
56684
CMG Capital Management Group, Inc, the Adviser of the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund, CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund, CMG Global Equity Fund and CMG Managed High Yield Fund File No. 801-43455
Traub Capital Management, LLC, the Sub-Adviser to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund and Adviser to The FX Strategy Fund- File No. 801-70068.
Bandon Capital Management, LLC, the Adviser of the Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund - File No. 801-68367
Scotia Partners, Ltd., the Sub-Adviser to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund - File No. 801-69997.
Sarasota Capital Partners, LLC, the Adviser of The Currency
Strategies
Fund File No. 801-68409
Summit Portfolio Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of The Collar Fund File No.
801-70098
Montebello Partners, LLC, the Adviser of the GMG Defensive Beta Fund File No.
801-70164
Barclays Capital Fund Services, the Sub-Adviser of the GMG Defensive Beta Fund File No. 801-69700
BTS Asset Management, Inc., the Adviser of the BTS Bond Asset Allocation Fund, BTS Diversified Income Fund and BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund File No.801-14895.
Astor Asset Management, LLC, the Adviser of the Astor Long/Short Fund, Astor Active Income ETF Fund and Astor Style Preferred Growth ETF Fund File No. 801-61526.
Rady Asset Management, LLC, the Adviser of the Rady Monthly High Income Fund, Rady Bear Fund, Rady Commodity Equity Fund, Rady Small Cap Value Fund, Rady Growth and Income Fund, Rady Tactical Long/Short Fund and Rady Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund File No. 801-70446.
Lacerte Capital Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of The Guardian Fund File No. 801-68358.
Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc., the Adviser of the Investment Partners Opportunities Fund File No. 801-61906.
FocusPoint Solutions, Inc., the Sub-Adviser of the Generations Multi-Strategy Fund File No. 801-63028.
Strategic Investing Funds, LLC, the Adviser of Strategic Investing Long/Short Fund File No. 801-71055.
Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc, the Adviser of CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund and CIFG MaxOpp
SM
Fund File No. 801-70403.
Dunn Warren Investment Advisors, LLC, the Sub-Adviser of the CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund and CIFG MaxOpp
SM
Fund File No. 801-67699.
Mount Yale Asset Management, LLC, the Adviser of Princeton Futures Strategy Fund File No. 801-63221.
6800 Capital, LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Princeton Futures Strategy Fund File No. 801-69750.
Congress Asset Management Company, LLP the Sub-Adviser of Princeton Futures Strategy Fund File No. 801-69845.
Chadwick & DAmato, LLC, the Adviser of Chadwick & DAmato Fund File No. 801-62604.
13D Management, LLC, the Adviser of 13D Activist Fund File No. 801-71577.
Altegris Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Altegris Macro Strategy Fund, and Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris Equity Long Short Fund and Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund File No. 801- 71496.
W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc., the Adviser of Power Income Fund and Power Dividend Index Fund File No. 801-27959.
Portfolio Strategies, Inc., the Adviser of PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund, PSI Tactical Growth Power Income Fund and PSI Calendar Effects Fund File No. 801-18475.
Howard Capital Management, Inc., the Sub-Adviser of the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund File No. 801-69763
Avant Capital Management, LLC, the Adviser of Avant Gold Bullion Strategy Fund and Avant Gold Coin Strategy Fund File No. 801-68387.
Bishop Asset Management LLC, the Adviser of the Bishop Volatility Flex Fund File No. 801-71810.
CWC Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of the CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund File No. 801-62369.
BBW Capital Advisors, the Adviser of the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund File No. 801-67113.
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., the Sub-Adviser of the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund File No. 801-170.
7Twelve Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of the 7Twelve Balanced Fund File No. 801-71758.
Beech Hill Advisors, Inc., the Adviser of the Beech Hill Total Return Fund File No. 801-31503.
Clark Capital Management Group Inc., the Adviser of the Navigator Equity Hedged Fund and Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund File No. 801-28445.
Tatro Capital, LLC, the Adviser of the Tatro Capital Tactical Appreciation Fund File No. 801-72224
.
Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC, the Advisor of the Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund File No. 801-72068.
GPS Capital Management, LLC, the Advisor of the GPS Multiple Strategy Fund File No. 801-64685.
Fusion Investment Group, LLC, the Advisor of the Global Fusion Tactical Equity Fund and Global Fusion Long/Short Fund File No. 801-70495
Risk Paradigm Group, LLC, the Advisor of the Diversified Risk Parity Fund and RPG Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund File No. 801-72141.
Genesis Capital LLC, the Advisor of the SCA Absolute Return Fund and SCA Directional Fund File No. 801-62613.
Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC, the Advisor of the Zeo Strategic Income Fund File No. 801-72287.
Giralda Advisors, LLC, the Advisor of The Giralda Fund File No. 801-35421.
Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC, the Advisor of Iron Horse Fund File No. 801-61884.
Mosaic Capital Management, LLC, the Advisor of Mosaic Managed Futures Strategy Fund File No.801-72237.
Altrius Institutional Asset Management, LLC, the Advisor of Altrius Small Cap Value Fund File No. 801-72306.
Ascendant Advisors, LLC, the Advisor of Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Master Fund, Ascendant Diversified Income & Growth Fund and the Patriot Fund File No. 801-72278.
Winch Advisory Services LLC, the Advisor of Ginkgo Multi-Strategy Fund File No. 801-55488.
Absolute Private Wealth Management LLC, the Advisor of Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund File No. 801-72461
Horizon Cash Management LLC, the Sub-Advisor of Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund File No. 801- 47928
Peregrine Capital Advisors, Inc. the Advisor of Peregrine Gold Silver Alpha Strategy Fund File No. 801-72659.
Triex Financial Services, Inc. the Advisor of Triex Long/Short Fund File No. 801-72663.
Doubleline Capital LP, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund File 801-70942.
F-Squared Institutional Advisors, LLC, the Sub-Adviser of RPM Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund File 801-71753.
Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of PTA Comprehensive Alternatives Fund File No.801-72576.
Harvest Capital Strategies, LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Equity Long Short Fund File No.801-66003.
OMT Capital Management LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Equity Long Short Fund File No.801-60466.
Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC the Co-Advisor of Eagle MLP Total Return Fund File No. 801-72525.
Eagle Global Advisors, LLC the Co-Advisor of Eagle MLP Total Return Fund File No. 801-53294.
Sandalwood Securities, Inc the Sub-Adviser of Sandalwood Opportunity Fund File No.
801-42453.
RockView Management, LLC the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund File No. 801-73761.
Alpha Simplex Group, LLC the Sub-Adviser of CMG Global Equity Fund File No. 801-62448.
Crow Point Partners, LLC the Adviser of EAS Crow Point Alternatives Fund File No. 801-67184
.
Probabilities Fund Management, LLC the Adviser of the Probabilities Fund File No.801-77947
.
ITEM 32.
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER.
(a) Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (NLD), is the principal underwriter for all series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, except Leader Short-Term Bond Fund and Leader Total Return Fund. NLD also acts as principal underwriter for the following:
AdvisorOne Funds, AmericaFirst Quantitative Funds, Arrow Investments Trust, Compass EMP Funds Trust, Copeland Trust, Dominion Funds, Inc., Equinox Funds Trust, GL Beyond Income Fund, Miller Investment Trust, Mutual Fund Series Trust, Nile Capital Investment Trust, North Country Funds, Northern Lights Fund Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust II, Northern Lights Fund Trust III, Northern Lights ETF Fund Trust, Northern Lights Variable Trust, OCM Mutual Fund, Roge Partners Funds, Resource Real Estate Diversified Income Fund, The DMS Funds, The Multi-Strategy Growth & Income Fund, The Saratoga Advantage Trust, Total Income+ Real Estate Fund, Tributary Funds, Inc., Two Roads Shared Trust and Vertical Capital Income Fund.
Foreside Distribution Services, LP (Foreside) serves as the underwriter to Leader Short-Term Bond Fund and Leader Total Return Fund and also acts as principal underwriter for the following:
American Independence Funds Trust, The Bjurman, Barry Funds, Capital One Funds, Commonwealth International Series Trust, The Coventry Group, Coventry Funds Trust, First Focus Funds, Inc., HSBC Advisor Funds Trust, HSBC Investor Funds, Lou Holland Trust, Pacific Capital Funds (including CATS and Hawaiian Trust), PNC Funds, RMR Series Trust, STI Classic Funds, STI Classic Variable Trust, The 3800 Fund, The Blue Fund Group and Vintage Mutual Funds, Inc.
(b) NLD is registered with Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The principal business address of NLD is 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130. NLD is an affiliate of Gemini Fund Services, LLC. To the best of Registrants knowledge, the following are the members and officers of NLD:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Positions and Offices
with Underwriter
|
|
Positions and Offices
with the Fund
|
|
Brian Nielsen
|
|
Manager, CEO, Secretary
|
|
None
|
|
Bill Wostoupal
|
|
President
|
|
None
|
|
Daniel Applegarth
|
|
Treasurer
|
|
None
|
|
Mike Nielsen
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer and AML Compliance Officer
|
|
None
|
|
Foreside Distribution Services, LP is registered with Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The principal business address of Foreside is 10 High Street, Suite 302, Boston, MA 02110. To the best of Registrants knowledge, the following are the members and officers of NLD:
|
|
|
Name
|
Positions and Offices
with Underwriter
|
Positions and Offices
with the Fund
|
Mark S. Redman
|
President and Director
|
None
|
Elliott Dobin
|
Secretary
|
None
|
Wayne A. Rose
|
Co-Chief Compliance Officer
|
None
|
Linda C. Carley
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
None
|
James E. (Ed) Pike
|
Financial and Operations Principal
|
None
|
(c)
Not Applicable.
ITEM 33.
LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.
The following entities prepare, maintain and preserve the records required by Section 31 (a) of the 1940 Act for the Registrant. These services are provided to the Registrant for such periods prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act and such records are the property of the entity required to maintain and preserve such records and will be surrendered promptly on request.
Bank of New York Mellon (BONY), located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, provides custodian services to The Biondo Growth Fund, Winans Long/Short Fund (known previously as Biltmore Momentum/Dynamic ETF Fund), Changing Parameters Fund, Gratio Values Fund, Pacific Financial Core Equity Fund, Pacific Financial Explorer Fund, Pacific Financial International Fund, Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund, Pacific Financial Tactical Fund, The Biondo Focus Fund, Arrow Managed Futures Trend Fund, GoalMine Fixed Income Fund and GoalMine Balanced Growth Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between BONY and the Trust.
First National Bank of Omaha (FNBO), located at 1620 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68197, provides custodian services to the Adaptive Allocation Fund, the Autopilot Managed Growth Fund, Sierra Core Retirement Fund, Sierra Strategic Income Fund, Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund, EAS Crow Point Alternatives Fund, Wade Tactical L/S Fund, SouthernSun Small Cap Fund, SouthernSun U.S. Equity Fund, Wayne Hummer Real Estate 130/30 Fund, Wintrust Capital Small Cap Opportunity Fund and Incline Capital Smart Switch Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between FNBO and the Trust.
Union Bank, National Association, 350 California Street 6
th
Floor, San Francisco, California 94104 (Union), provides custodian services to the Arrow DWA Balanced Fund, Arrow DWA Tactical Fund, Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund, Arrow Alternative Solutions Fund, MutualHedge Funds, The Long-Short Fund, The Collar Fund, BTS Bond Asset Allocation Fund, Astor Long/Short Fund, Rady Monthly High Income Fund, Rady Bear Fund, Rady Commodity Equity Fund, Rady Small Cap Value Fund, Rady Growth and Income Fund, Rady Tactical Long/Short Fund and Rady Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund, The Guardian Fund, GMG Defensive Beta Fund, Winans Long/Short Fund, Investment Partners Opportunities Fund, Strategic Investing Long/Short Fund. Arrow Managed Futures Trend Fund, CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund, Princeton Futures Strategy Fund Power Income Fund, PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund, PSI Tactical Growth, PSI Calendar Effects Fund, CIFG MaxOpp
SM
Fund CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund, Bandon Isolated Alpha-Fixed Income Fund, Chadwick & DAmato Fund, Arrow Commodity Strategy Fund, RAM Risk managed-Growth Fund, TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund, Bishop Volatility Flex Fund. 7Twelve Balanced Fund, 13D Activist Fund, Beech Hill Total Return Fund, Navigator Equity Hedged Fund, GPS Multiple Strategy Fund, Diversified Risk Parity Fund, Peregrine Gold Silver Alpha Strategy Fund, Tatro Capital Appreciation Fund, Avant Gold Bullion Strategy Fund, Ginkgo Multi-Strategy Fund, Altrius Small Cap Value Fund, Triex Long/Short Fund, Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant Diversified Income & Growth Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Master Fund, Patriot Fund, Eagle MLP Total Return Fund, Sandalwood Opportunity Fund, BTS Diversified Income Fund, BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund, Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund and Power Dividend Index Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Union and the Trust.
Fifth Third Bank (Fifth Third), 38 Fountain Squa-+-re Plaza Cincinnati, Ohio 45263, provides custodian services to KCM Macro Trends Fund, Generations Multi-Strategy Fund, the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, Leader Total Return Fund, Toews Hedged Emerging Markets Fund, CMG SR Tactical Bond Fund, CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund, CMG Global Equity Fund, CMG Managed High Yield Fund, The Currency Strategies Fund, Chariot Absolute Return Currency Fund, Toews Hedged International Fund, Toews Hedged High Yield Fund, Toews Hedged Large-Cap Fund, Toews Hedged Small & Mid Cap Fund, Toews Commodities Fund and Toews Unconstrained Income Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Fifth Third and the Trust.
JPMorgan Chase Bank (JPMorgan), 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017, provides custodian services to Altegris Macro Strategy Fund, Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris Equity Long Short Fund, Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund and Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between JPMorgan and the Trust.
Gemini Fund Services, LLC (GFS), located at 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, provides transfer agent and dividend disbursing services pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreements between GFS and the Trust. In such capacities, GFS provides pricing for each Funds portfolio securities, keeps records regarding securities and other assets in custody and in transfer, bank statements, canceled checks, financial books and records, and keeps records of each shareholders account and all disbursement made to shareholders. GFS also maintains all records required pursuant to Administrative Service Agreements with the Trust.
NLD, located at 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, serves as principal underwriter for all series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, except Leader Short-Term Bond Fund and Leader Total Return Fund. NLD maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to each Funds Distribution Plan and Agreement adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
Foreside Distribution Services, LP, located at 10 High Street, Suite 302, Boston, MA 02110, serves as principal underwriter for Leader Short-Term Bond Fund and Leader Total Return Fund and maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to the Funds Distribution Plan and Agreements adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
Critical Math Advisors LLC, located at 29 Emmons Drive, Suite A-20, Princeton, NJ 08540, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Adaptive Allocation Fund.
Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, located at 544 Routes 6 & 209, PO Box 909, Milford, Pennsylvania 18337, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Biondo Growth Fund and The Biondo Focus Fund.
Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC, located at 2943 Olney-Sandy Spring Road, Suite A, Olney, Maryland 20832, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Arrow DWA Balanced Fund, Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund, Arrow DWA Tactical Fund, Arrow Alternative Solutions Fund, Arrow Managed Futures Trend Fund and Arrow Commodity Strategy Fund.
Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc., located at with offices at 8014 Midlothian Turnpike, Richmond, Virginia 23235 and 595 East Colorado Blvd., Suite 307, Pasadena, CA 91101, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Arrow DWA Systematic RS Fund, Arrow DWA Balanced Fund and Arrow DWA Tactical Fund.
Rhoads Lucca Capital Partners, LP, located at 14911 Quorum Drive, Suite 380, Dallas Texas 75254, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Autopilot Managed Growth Fund.
Changing Parameters, LLC, located at 250 Oak Grove Avenue, Suite A, Menlo Park, California 94025, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Changing Parameters Fund.
The Pacific Financial Group, Inc., located at 10900 NE 8
th
Street, Suite 1523, Bellevue, WA 98004, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Pacific Financial Core Equity Fund, the Pacific Financial Explorer Fund, the Pacific Financial International Fund, the Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund, the Pacific Financial Tactical Fund the Pacific Financial Alternative Strategies Fund, Pacific Financial Flexible Growth & Income Fund, Pacific Financial Balanced Fund, Pacific Financial Foundational Asset Allocation Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Moderate Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Conservative Fund and Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Aggressive Fund.
Gratio Capital, Inc., located at 155 Water Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Gratio Values Fund, GoalMine Fixed Income Fund and GoalMine Balanced Growth Fund.
Wright Fund Management, LLC, located at 3420 Ocean Park Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90405, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Sierra Core Retirement Fund and Sierra Strategic Income Fund.
Wintrust Asset Management Company, located at 222 South Riverside Plaza, 28
th
Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60606, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Wintrust Capital Disciplined Equity Fund, Wayne Hummer Real Estate 130/30 Fund and Wintrust Capital Small Cap Opportunity Fund.
Kerns Capital Management, Inc., located at Galleria Financial Center, 5075 Westheimer Road, Suite 1177, Houston, Texas 77056, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the KCM Macro Trends Fund.
Equinox Fund Management, LLC, 1660 Lincoln Street, Suite 100, Denver, CO 80264, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the MutualHedge Funds.
Three G Financial, LLC, 5940 South Rainbow Boulevard, Las Vegas, Nevada 89118, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Generations Multi-Strategy Fund.
Wade Financial Group, 5500 Wayzata Blvd, STE 200, Minneapolis, MN 55416, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records, required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Wade Tactical L/S Fund.
SouthernSun Asset Management, LLC, 6000 Poplar Avenue, Suite 220, Memphis, Tennessee 38119, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the SouthernSun Small Cap Fund and SouthernSun U.S. Equity Fund.
Toews Corporation, Cornerstone Commerce Center, 1201 New Road, Suite 111, Linwood, NJ 08221, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Toews Hedged Emerging Markets Fund, Toews Hedged International Fund, Toews Hedged High Yield Fund, Toews Hedged Large-Cap Fund, Toews Hedged Small & Mid Cap Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund and Toews Unconstrained Income Fund.
Leader Capital Corp., 121 SW Morrison St., Suite 425, Portland, OR 97204, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund and Leader Total Return Fund.
CMG Capital Management Group, LLC, 1000 Continental Drive, Suite 570, King of Prussia, PA 19406, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund, CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund, CMG Global Equity Fund and CMG Managed High Yield Fund.
Anchor Capital Management Group, LLC, 16140 Sand Canyon Avenue, Irvine, CA 92618, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with CMG Capital Management Group, LLC, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund.
Traub Capital Management, LLC 97 Chapel Street 3rd Floor, Needham, MA 02492, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with CMG Capital Management Group, LLC, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund. Also pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The FX Strategy Fund.
Bandon Capital Management, LLC, 818 SW 3rd Ave. #240, Portland OR 97204-2405, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund.
Scotia Partners, Ltd., 436 Ridge Road, Spring City, PA 19475, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with CMG Capital Management Group, LLC, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund and CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund.
Sarasota Capital Partners, LLC, 460 South Tamiami Trail, Osprey, Florida 34229, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Currency Strategies Fund.
Summit Portfolio Advisors, LLC 12606 Julian Street, Broomfield, Colorado 80020, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Collar Fund.
Montebello Partners, LLC, 75 Montebello Road, Suffern, New York 10901,
pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to
the GMG Defensive Beta Fund.
Barclays Capital Fund Services,
745 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10021,
pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with Montebello Partners, LLC, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the GMG Defensive Beta Fund.
BTS Asset Management, Inc. located at 420 Bedford Street, Suite 340, Lexington, MA 02420, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the BTS Bond Asset Allocation Fund, BTS Diversified Income Fund and BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund.
Astor Asset Management, LLC located at 111 South Wacker Drive, Suite 3950, Chicago, IL 60606, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Astor Long/Short Fund, Astor Active Income ETF Fund and Astor Style Preferred Growth ETF Fund.
Rady Asset Management, LLC located at 1020 Prospect Street, Suite 312, La Jolla, CA 92037 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Rady Monthly High Income Fund, Rady Bear Fund, Rady Commodity Equity Fund, Rady Small Cap Value Fund, Rady Growth and Income Fund, Rady Tactical Long/Short Fund and Rady Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund.
Lacerte Capital Advisors, LLC located at 2811 McKinney Avenue, Suite 206, Dallas, TX 75204, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Guardian Fund.
Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc. located at 1 Highland Avenue, Metuchen, NJ 08840 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Investment Partners Opportunities Fund.
FocusPoint Solutions, Inc., 3395 SW Gardenview Ave, Portland, OR 97225, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Generations Multi-Strategy Fund.
Capstone Investment Financial Group, Inc., 615 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund.
Dunn Warren Investment Advisors, LLC, 6143 S. Willow Drive, Suite 102, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CIFG MaxBalanced
SM
Fund.
Mount Yale Asset Management, LLC, 1125 17
th
Street, Suite 1400, Denver, CO 80202, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund.
6800 Capital, LLC, One Palmer Square, Suite 530, Princeton, NJ 08542, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund.
Congress Asset Management Company, LLP, 2 Seaport Lane, Floor 5, Boston, MA 02210-2001, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund.
Chadwick & DAmato, LLC, 224 Main Street, PO Box 1978, New London, NH 03257, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Chadwick & DAmato Fund.
13D Management, LLC, 200 East 61 Street, Suite 17C, New York, NY 10065, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the 13D Activist Fund.
Altegris Advisors, LLC, 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400, La Jolla, CA 92037, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Altegris Macro Strategy Fund, Altegris Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris Equity Long Short Fund, Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund and Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund.
W. E. Donoghue & Inc., 629 Washington Street, Norwood, MA 02062 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Power Income Fund and Power Dividend Index Fund.
Portfolio Strategies, Inc., 1724 W Union Avenue, Suite 200, Tacoma, WA 98405 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund, PSI Tactical Growth Fund and PSI Calendar Effects Fund.
Avant Capital Management, LLC, 458 S. Tamiami Trail, Osprey, FL 34229, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Avant Gold Bullion Strategy Fund and Avant Gold Coin Strategy Fund.
Bishop Asset Management LLC, 20 Park Plaza, Suite 606, Boston, MA 02116, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Bishop Volatility Flex Fund.
CWC Advisors, LLC, 5800 SW Meadows Road, Suite 230, Lake Oswego, OR 97035, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund.
BBW Capital Advisors, 1743 Wazee Street, Suite 250, Denver, CO 80202, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund.
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, pursuant to the Sub- Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund.
7Twelve Advisors, LLC, 1720 West End Ave., Suite 540 Nashville, TN 37203 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the 7Twelve Balanced Fund.
Bandon Capital Management, LLC, 317 SW Alder Street, Suite 1110, Portland, OR 97204 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Bandon Isolated Alpha Fixed Income Fund.
Beech Hill Advisors, Inc, 880 third Ave., 16
th
Floor, New York, NY 10022 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Beech Hill Total Return Fund.
Clark Capital Management Group, Inc., 1650 Market Street, 53
rd
Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Navigator Equity Hedged Fund and Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund.
Tatro Capital, LLC, 104 Richmond Ave., Nicholasville, KY 40356 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Tatro Capital Tactical Appreciation Fund.
Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC, 626 W. Jackson Street, Chicago, IL 60661 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
GPS Capital Management, LLC, 2410 Camino Ramon, Suite 128, San Ramon, CA 94583 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the GPS Multiple Strategy Fund.
Risk Paradigm Group, LLC, 5900 Southwest Parkway, Building 5, Suite 500, Austin, TX 78735 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Diversified Risk Parity Fund and RPG Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund.
Genesis Capital LLC, 7191 Wagner Way NW, Suite 302, Gig Harbor, WA 98335 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the SCA Absolute Return Fund and SCA Directional Fund.
Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC, 555 California Street, Suite 5180 San Francisco, CA 94104, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Zeo Strategic Income Fund.
Giralda Advisors, LLC, One Giralda Farms, Suite 130, Madison, NJ 07940, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Giralda Fund.
Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC, 950 Iron Point Road, Suite 290, Folsom, CA 95630, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Iron Horse Fund.
Mosaic Capital Management, LLC, 7535 Windsor Drive, Suite A205, Allentown PA, 18195, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Mosaic Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
Altrius Institutional Asset Management, LLC, 1323 Commerce Drive, New Bern, NC, 28562, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Altrius Small Cap Value Fund.
Ascendant Advisors, LLC, Four Oaks Place, 1330 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 1550, Houston, TX, 77056, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Master Fund, Ascendant Diversified Income & Growth Fund and the Patriot Fund.
Winch Advisory Services, LLC, 424 East Wisconsin Avenue, Appleton, WI 54911 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Ginkgo Multi-Strategy Fund.
Absolute Private Wealth Management LLC, 1001 West Loop South, Suite 811, Houston, TX 77027 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
Horizon Cash Management LLC, 325 W. Huron Street, Suite 808, Chicago, IL 60654 pursuant to the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Quantitative Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
J.P. Morgan Investment Management, Inc., 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10036, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Macro Strategy Fund.
Peregrine Capital Advisors, Inc., 311 West Monroe Street, Suite 1300, Chicago, IL 60606, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Peregrine Gold Silver Alpha Strategy Fund.
Triex Financial Services, Inc., 10470 W. 163
rd
Place, Orland Park, IL 60467, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Triex Long/Short Fund.
Doubleline Capital LP, 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, CA 90071, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund.
F-Squared Institutional Advisors, LLC, 2221 Washington Street, Suite 201, Newton, MA 02462, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the RPG Emerging Market Premium Sector Rotation Fund.
Preservation Trust Advisors, LLC, One Embarcadero Center, Suite 1140, San Francisco, CA 94111, pursuant to the Interim Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Long-Short Fund.
Harvest Capital Strategies, LLC, 600 Montgomery Street, 20
th
Floor, San Francisco, CA 94111, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund.
OMT Capital Management LLC, One Montgomery Street, Suite 3300, San Francisco, CA 94104, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund.
Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, 1125 17
th
Street, Suite 1400, Denver CO 80202, pursuant to the Co-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Eagle MLP Total Return Fund.
Eagle Global Advisors, LLC, 5847 San Felipe, Suite 930, Houston TX 77057, pursuant to the Co-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Eagle MLP Total Return Fund.
Sandalwood Securities, Inc. 101 Eisenhower Parkway, 3
rd
Floor, Roseland, NJ 07068, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund.
RockView Management, LLC Metro Center, One Station Place, 7
th
Floor, Stamford , CT 06902, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund.
Alpha Simplex Group, LLC One Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CMG Global Equity Fund.
Crow Point Partners, LLC, 10 New Driftway, Suite 203, Scituate, MA 02066, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the EAS Crow Point Alternatives Fund.
Probabilities Fund Management, LLC, 1665 Union Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA 92101, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Probabilities Fund.
ITEM 34.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES.
Not applicable.
ITEM 35.
UNDERTAKINGS.
See Item 30 above, second paragraph.
One or more of the Registrants series may invest up to 25% of its respective total assets in a wholly-owned and controlled subsidiary (each a Subsidiary and collectively the Subsidiaries). Each Subsidiary will operate under the supervision of the Registrant. The Registrant hereby undertakes that the Subsidiaries will submit to inspection by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement under rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No.
528
to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized in the City of Hauppauge, State of New York on the 27th day of August, 2013.
NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST
(Registrant)
/s/ Andrew Rogers
By: Andrew Rogers,
President and Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Northern Lights Fund Trust
|
|
|
Michael Miola*
|
Trustee
|
August 27, 2013
|
John V. Palancia*
|
Trustee
|
August 27, 2013
|
Gary Lanzen*
|
Trustee
|
August 27, 2013
|
Anthony Hertl*
|
Trustee& Chairman
|
August 27, 2013
|
Mark Taylor*
|
Trustee
|
August 27, 2013
|
/s/ Andrew Rogers
__
Andrew Rogers
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President and Principal Executive Officer
|
August 27, 2013
|
/s/Kevin Wolf
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Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer
|
August 27, 2013
|
By:
Date:
/s/ James P. Ash, Esq.
August 27, 2013
James Ash, Secretary
*Attorney-in-Fact Pursuant to Powers of Attorney previously filed on April 1, 2011 and January 9, 2012 to the Registrants Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 234 and No. 346, respectively which are hereby incorporated by reference.
.
EXHIBIT INDEX
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|
Exhibit
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Exhibit No.
|
Consent of Counsel
|
(i)(2)
|
Consent of Independent Auditor
|
(j)(1)
|
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