KYOCF Kyocera Corporation (PK)

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED QUARTERLY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

1. ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES, PROCEDURES AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS’ PRESENTATION

In December 1975, Kyocera Corporation registered its common stock and American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In May 1980, Kyocera listed its ADRs on the New York Stock Exchange.

Kyocera Corporation has filed Form 20-F as an annual report with the SEC, which includes the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, under section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Kyocera Corporation has also prepared quarterly consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial statements.

The following paragraphs identify the significant differences for Kyocera Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Kyocera”) between accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and accounting principles generally accepted in Japan.

(1) Revenue recognition

Kyocera adopts the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, “Revenue Recognition.” Kyocera recognizes revenue when the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer and revenue can be reliably measured.

(2) Goodwill and other intangible assets

Kyocera adopts ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other.” Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, rather than being amortized, are tested for impairment at least annually, and also following any events and changes in circumstances that might lead to impairment.

(3) Lease accounting

Kyocera adopts ASC 840, “Leases.” Kyocera classifies a lease as an operating or a capital lease, and records all capital leases as an asset and an obligation.

(4) Benefit plans

Kyocera adopts ASC 715, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits.” Actuarial gain or loss is recognized by amortizing a portion in excess of 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligations or the market-related value of plan assets by the straight-line method over the average remaining service period of employees.

(5) Unused compensated absence

Kyocera adopts ASC 710, “Compensation—General.” Kyocera records accrued liabilities for compensated absences that employees have earned but have not yet used.

(6) Income taxes

Kyocera adopts ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Kyocera records assets and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits based on the premise of being subject to income tax examination by tax authorities, when it is more likely than not that tax benefits associated with tax positions will not be sustained. Kyocera records the effect of a change in tax law or rates as a component of income tax provision, including the changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities related to accumulated other comprehensive income.

(7) Stock issuance costs

Stock issuance costs, net of taxes are deducted from additional paid-in capital.

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2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(1) Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies

The quarterly consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kyocera Corporation, its subsidiaries in which Kyocera has a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities for which Kyocera is the primary beneficiary under ASC 810, “Consolidation.” All significant inter-company transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in 20% to 50% owned companies and investments in variable interest entities, for which Kyocera is not the primary beneficiary but has a significant influence to, are accounted for by the equity method, whereby Kyocera includes in net income its equity in the earnings or losses from these companies. These variable interest entities do not have material impacts on Kyocera’s consolidated result of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

(2) Revenue recognition

Kyocera generates revenue principally through the sale of industrial components and telecommunications and information equipment. Kyocera’s operations consist of the following reporting segments: 1) Industrial & Automotive Components Group, 2) Semiconductor Components Group, 3) Electronic Devices Group, 4) Communications Group, 5) Document Solutions Group and 6) Life & Environment Group.

Kyocera recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured in accordance with ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition.” Sales to customers in each of the above segments are based on the specific terms and conditions contained in basic contracts with customers and firm customer orders which detail the price, quantity and timing of the transfer of ownership (such as risk of loss and title) of the products.

For most customer orders, the transfer of ownership and revenue recognition occurs at the time of shipment of the products to the customer. For the remainder of customer orders, the transfer of ownership and revenue recognition occurs at the time of receipt of the products by the customer, with exception of sales of information equipment in the Document Solutions Group and solar power generating systems in the Life & Environment Group for which sales are made to end users together with installation services. The transfer of ownership and revenue recognition in these cases occur at the completion of installation and customer acceptance, as Kyocera has no further obligations under the contracts and all revenue recognition criteria under ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition” are met. When Kyocera provides a combination of products and services, the arrangement is evaluated under ASC 605-25, “Multiple-Element Arrangements.”

In addition, in the Document Solutions Group, Kyocera may enter into sales contracts and lease agreements ranging from one to seven years directly with end users. Sales contracts and lease agreements may include installation services and have customer acceptance clauses. For sales and sales-type lease agreements, revenue is recognized at the completion of installation and customer acceptance which usually occurs on the same business day as delivery. For sales-type leases, unearned income (which represents interest) is amortized over the lease term using the effective interest method in accordance with ASC 840, “Leases.”

For all sales in the above segments, product returns are only accepted if the products are determined to be defective. There are no price protections, stock rotation or returns provisions, except for certain programs in the Electronic Devices Group as noted below.

Sales Incentives

In the Electronic Devices Group, sales to independent electronic component distributors may be subject to various sale programs for which a provision for incentive programs is recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of sale, as further described below in accordance with ASC 605-50, “Customer Payments and Incentives” and ASC 605-15, “Products.”

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(a) Distributor Stock Rotation Program

Stock rotation is a program whereby distributors are allowed to return for credit, qualified inventory, semi-annually, equal to a certain percentage of the previous six months net sales. In accordance with ASC 605-15, “Products” an estimated sales allowance for stock rotation is recorded at the time of sale based on a percentage of distributor sales using historical trends, current pricing and volume information, other market specific information and input from sales, marketing and other key management personnel. These procedures require the exercise of significant judgments. Kyocera believes that these procedures enable Kyocera to make reliable estimates of future returns under the stock rotation program. Kyocera’s actual results have historically approximated its estimates. When the products are returned and verified, the distributor is given credit against their accounts receivables.

(b) Distributor Ship-from-Stock and Debit Program

Ship-from-Stock and Debit (ship and debit) is a program designed to assist distributors in meeting competitive prices in the marketplace on sales to their end customers. Ship and debit programs require a request from the distributor for a pricing adjustment of a specific part for a sale to the distributor’s end customers from the distributor’s stock. Ship and debit authorizations may cover current and future distributor activity for a specific part for a sale to their customers. In accordance with ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition” at the time Kyocera records the sales to distributors, an allowance for the estimated future distributor activities related to such sales is provided since it is probable that such sales to distributors will result in ship and debit activities. In accordance with ASC 605-15, “Products” Kyocera records an estimated sales allowance based on sales during the period, credits issued to distributors, distributor inventory levels, historical trends, market conditions, pricing trends noted in direct sales activity with original equipment manufacturers and other customers, and input from sales, marketing and other key management personnel. These procedures require the exercise of significant judgments. Kyocera believes that these procedures enable Kyocera to make reliable estimates of future credits under the ship and debit program. Kyocera’s actual results have historically approximated its estimates.

Sales Rebates

In the case of sales to distributors in the Industrial & Automotive Components Group and Document Solutions Group, Kyocera provides cash rebates when predetermined sales targets are achieved during a certain period. Provisions for sales rebates are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of revenue recognition based on the best estimate of forecasted sales to each distributor in accordance with ASC 605-50, “Customer Payments and Incentives.”

Sales Returns

Kyocera records an estimated sales returns allowance at the time of sales based on historical return experience.

Products Warranty

For after-service costs to be paid during warranty periods, Kyocera accrues a product warranty liability for claims under warranties relating to the products that have been sold. Kyocera records an estimated product warranty liability based on its historical repair experience with consideration given to the expected level of future warranty costs.

In the Document Solutions Group, Kyocera provides a standard one year manufacturer’s warranty on its products. For sales directly to end users, Kyocera offers extended warranty plans that may be purchased and that are renewable in one year incremental periods at the end of the warranty term. Service revenues are recognized over the term of the related service maintenance contracts in accordance with ASC 605-20, “Services.”

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(3) Cash and cash equivalents

Kyocera considers cash, bank deposits and all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents accounted for under ASC 305, “Cash and Cash Equivalents.”

(4) Translation of foreign currencies

Assets and liabilities of consolidated foreign subsidiaries and affiliates accounted for by the equity method are translated into Japanese yen at the exchange rates in effect on the respective balance sheet dates. Operating accounts are translated at the average exchange rates for the respective periods accounted for under ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Translation adjustments result from the process of translating foreign currency denominated financial statements into Japanese yen. These translation adjustments, which are not included in the determination of net income, are included in other comprehensive income.

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the respective balance sheet dates, and resulting transaction gains or losses are included in the determination of net income.

(5) Allowance for doubtful accounts

Kyocera maintains allowances for doubtful accounts related to trade notes receivables, trade accounts receivables and finance receivables for estimated losses resulting from customers’ inability to make timely payments, including interest on finance receivables. Kyocera’s estimates are based on various factors, including the length of past due payments, historical experience and current business environments. In circumstances where it is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific allowance against these amounts is provided, considering the fair value of assets pledged by the customer as collateral.

(6) Inventories

Inventories are accounted for under ASC 330, “Inventory.” Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The remaining balance of raw materials to be purchased under the long term purchase agreements are also stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

For finished goods and work in process, cost is mainly determined by the average method. For raw materials and supplies, cost is mainly determined by the first-in, first-out method.

Kyocera recognizes estimated write-down of inventories for excess, slow-moving and obsolete inventories.

(7) Securities

Debt and equity securities are accounted for under ASC 320, “Investments—Debt and Equity Securities.” Securities classified as available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from income and reported in other comprehensive income, net of taxes. Securities classified as held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. Non-marketable equity securities are accounted for by the cost method in accordance with ASC 325, “Investments—Other.”

Kyocera evaluates whether the declines in fair value of securities are other-than-temporary. Other-than-temporary declines in fair value are recorded as a realized loss with a new cost basis. This evaluation is based mainly on the duration and the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, and the anticipated recoverability in fair value.

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Kyocera also reviews its investments accounted for by the equity method for impairment in accordance with ASC 323, “Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures.” Factors considered in assessing whether an indication of other-than-temporary impairment exists include the achievement of business plan objectives and milestones including cash flow projections and the results of planned financing activities, the financial condition and prospects of each investee company, the fair value of the ownership interest relative to the carrying amount of the investment, the period of time during which the fair value of the ownership interest has been below the carrying amount of the investment and other relevant factors. Impairment to be recognized is measured based on the amount by which the carrying amount of the investment exceeds the fair value of the investment. Fair value is determined through the use of various methodologies such as discounted cash flows and comparable valuations of similar companies.

(8) Property, plant and equipment and depreciation

Property, plant and equipment are accounted for under ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” Kyocera provides for depreciation of buildings, machinery and equipment over their estimated useful lives primarily on the declining balance method. The principal estimated useful lives used for computing depreciation are as follows:

Major renewals and betterments are capitalized as tangible assets and they are depreciated based on estimated useful lives. The costs of minor renewals, maintenance and repairs are charged to expenses in the period incurred. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the gains or losses thereon, computed on the basis of the difference between depreciated costs and proceeds, are credited or charged to income in the period of disposal, and costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from accounts.

(9) Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets are accounted for under ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other.” Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, rather than being amortized, are tested for impairment at least annually, and also following any events and changes in circumstances that might lead to impairment. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized straight line over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment which are accounted for under ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment” whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable.

The principal estimated useful lives for intangible assets are as follows:

(10) Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets which include intangible assets with definite useful lives is accounted for under ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” Kyocera reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable.

In the case that their carrying amounts are considered unrecoverable and exceed their fair value, its exceeded amount is recognized as the impairment loss. The fair value is determined using the expected discounted cash flows gained from them directly.

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(11) Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives are accounted for under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” All derivatives are recorded as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are charged to income. However cash flow hedges may qualify for hedge accounting, if the hedging relationship is expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting cash flows of hedging instruments and hedged items. Under hedge accounting, changes in the fair value of the effective portion of these cash flow hedge derivatives are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income and charged to income when the underlying transaction being hedged occurs.

Kyocera designates certain foreign currency forward contracts. However, changes in fair value of most of the foreign currency forward contracts are recorded in income without applying hedge accounting as it is expected that such changes will be offset by corresponding gains or losses of the underlying hedged assets and liabilities. Kyocera’s affiliate accounted for by the equity method designates certain interest rate swaps with applying hedge accounting to this transaction.

Kyocera formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives designated as cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or forecasted transactions. Kyocera also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not a highly effective hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, Kyocera discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued, the net derivative gains or losses remain in accumulated other comprehensive income, unless it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur at which point the derivative gains or losses are reclassified into income immediately.

(12) Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies are accounted for under ASC 450, “Contingencies.” Liabilities for loss contingencies are recorded when analysis indicates that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. When a range of loss can be estimated, we accrue the most likely amount. In the event that no amount in the range of probable loss is considered most likely, the minimum loss in the range is accrued. Amounts recorded are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect additional legal and technical information that becomes available. Legal costs are accrued as incurred.

(13) Stock-based compensation

Costs resulting from share-based payment transactions are accounted for under ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation,” Kyocera recognizes such costs in the quarterly consolidated financial statements based on the grant date fair value over the measurement method.

(14) Net income attributable to Kyocera Corporation’s shareholders

Earnings per share is accounted for under ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Basic earnings per share attributable to Kyocera Corporation’s shareholders is computed based on the average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period, and diluted earnings per share attributable to Kyocera Corporation’s shareholders is computed based on the diluted average number of shares of stock outstanding during each period.

(15) Research and development expenses and advertising expenses

Research and development expenses are accounted for under ASC 730, “Research and Development,” and charged to expense as incurred. Advertising expenses are accounted for under ASC 720-35, “Other Expenses—Advertising Costs,” and charged to expense as incurred.

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(16) Use of estimates

The preparation of the quarterly consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the quarterly consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. However, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

(17) Recently adopted accounting standards

On April 1, 2017, Kyocera adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-07, “Investments—Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting.” The accounting standard eliminates the requirement to retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence. The adoption of this accounting standard did not have a material impact on Kyocera’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

(18) Recently issued accounting standards to be adopted in the future

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This accounting standard requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The two permitted transition methods under the standard are the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented and the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the earliest period shown, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. This accounting standard also requires an entity to disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Qualitative and quantitative information is required about:

1. Contracts with customers—including revenue and impairments recognized, disaggregation of revenue, and information about contract balances and performance obligations (including the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations)

2. Significant judgments and changes in judgments—determining the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations (over time or at a point in time), and determining the transaction price and amounts allocated to performance obligations

3. Assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract.

Furthermore, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers—Deferral of the Effective Date.” This accounting standard defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for all entities by one year. As a result, ASU No. 2014-09 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Kyocera is currently in the assessment phase of implementing these standards. Kyocera has reviewed, and is continuing to review, Kyocera’s contracts with customers to identify performance obligations and the associated transaction price and timing of revenue recognition in accordance with ASU No. 2014-09. Kyocera currently does not expect the adoption of these accounting standards to have a material impact on the timing of revenue recognition. However, Kyocera continues the analysis of the impact on Kyocera’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and evaluates that these accounting standards will have on Kyocera’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

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In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this accounting standard address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This accounting standard includes the requirement that equity securities be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. This accounting standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Kyocera currently has equity securities that will need to be measured at fair value through earnings as opposed to being measured through other comprehensive income when this accounting standard is adopted. If Kyocera adopted this accounting standard in the three months and the six months ended September 30, 2017, the amount of ¥1,437 millions and ¥22,858 millions of gain due to changes in the fair value of equity securities during the three months and the six months ended September 30, 2017 would be reported in “other income (expenses)” in the consolidated statements of income.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” This accounting standard requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. This accounting standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Kyocera is currently evaluating the impact that this accounting standard will have on Kyocera’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

(19) Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications and format changes have been made to the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and the corresponding footnotes to conform to the current presentation.

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3. BUSINESS COMBINATION

Business combination for the six months ended September 30, 2017

On August 1, 2017, Kyocera Document Solutions Inc., a domestic subsidiary, signed an agreement to acquire the business of DataBank IMX, LLC and acquired all of the common stocks of Databank Acquisition Corporation, its parent company, for ¥7,145 million by cash in order to activate a new business model and expand its business in the U.S. market. DataBank IMX, LLC mainly provides solutions services for improving the efficiency of document data management in a company.

Kyocera will use the acquisition method of accounting to record assets acquired and liabilities assumed in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” but the allocation of fair value to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in this business combination has not yet completed as of September 30, 2017. Further information related to the accounting will be disclosed upon completion of this allocation.

Acquisition-related costs of ¥40 million were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income for the six months ended September 30, 2017. The result of operation of the acquired business was included into Kyocera’s quarterly consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. For segment reporting, it is reported in Document Solutions Group.

On August 7, 2017, Kyocera acquired all of the common stocks of Senco Holdings, Inc., a U.S. based company, which provides the product of the pneumatic tool for ¥28,312 million by cash in order to expand the pneumatic power tool related products globally in Kyocera’s cutting tool business, and made it consolidated subsidiary and changed its name as Kyocera Senco Industrial Tools, Inc.

Kyocera will use the acquisition method of accounting to record assets acquired and liabilities assumed in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” but the allocation of fair value to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in this business combination has not yet completed as of September 30, 2017. Further information related to the accounting will be disclosed upon completion of this allocation.

Acquisition-related costs of ¥620 million were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income for the six months ended September 30, 2017. The result of operation of the acquired business was included into Kyocera’s quarterly consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. For segment reporting, it is reported in Industrial & Automotive Components Group.

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Business combination for the six months ended September 30, 2016

On May 2, 2016, Kyocera acquired all of the common stocks of SGS Tool Company which is the U.S. based solid tool manufacturing and sales company for ¥9,046 million by cash in order to strengthen Kyocera’s cutting tool business in North America, and made it consolidated subsidiary and changed its name as Kyocera SGS Precision Tools, Inc.

Kyocera has used the acquisition method of accounting to record assets acquired and liabilities assumed in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” The allocation of fair value to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities was completed during the three months ended March 31, 2017. As a result, the allocation of fair value to them based on estimated fair value in this business combination as of the acquisition date and goodwill were recognized as described below.

Acquisition-related costs of ¥282 million were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income for the six months ended September 30, 2016. The result of operation of the acquired business was included into Kyocera’s quarterly consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. For segment reporting, it is reported in the Industrial & Automotive Components Group.

Intangible assets that Kyocera recorded due to this acquisition are summarized as follows:

The weighted average amortization periods for customer relationships and trademarks are 15 years and two years, respectively.

The pro forma results are not presented as the revenue and earnings were not material.

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4. DEBT SECURITIES, EQUITY SECURITIES AND OTHER INVESTMENTS

(1) Debt and equity securities with readily determinable fair values

Investments in debt and equity securities at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, included in short-term investments in debt securities and in long-term investments in debt and equity securities in the consolidated balance sheets, are summarized as follows:

Kyocera received dividends from KDDI Corporation, and included them in interest and dividend income in the consolidated statements of income, are summarized as follows:

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Short-term investments in debt securities and long-term investments in debt and equity securities at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 are as follows:

(2) Other investments

Kyocera holds time deposits and certificates of deposits which are due over three months to original maturity, non-marketable equity securities, long-term loans and investments in affiliates and an unconsolidated subsidiary. Carrying amounts of these investments at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, included in other short-term investments and in other long-term investments in the consolidated balance sheets, are summarized as follows:

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(1) Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The fair value of Level 1 investments is quoted price in an active market with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions.

The fair value of Level 2 investments is other than quoted price included within Level 1 that is observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data. Kyocera did not recognize any transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the six months ended September 30, 2017.

The fair value of Level 2 derivatives is estimated based on quotes from financial institutions. With respect to the detail information of derivatives, please refer to the Note 7 to the Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements.

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(2) Fair value of financial instruments

The fair values of financial instruments and the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value are as follows:

Carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, other short-term investments, trade notes receivables, trade accounts receivables, short-term borrowings, trade notes and accounts payable, and other notes and accounts payable approximate fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments.

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7. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

Kyocera’s activities are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and stock prices. Approximately 60% of Kyocera’s net sales are generated from overseas customers, which expose Kyocera to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These financial exposures to market risks are monitored and managed by Kyocera as an integral part of its overall risk management program. Kyocera’s risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results.

Kyocera maintains a foreign currency risk management strategy that uses derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the volatility in its cash flows caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Movements in foreign currency exchange rates pose a risk to Kyocera’s operations and competitive position, since exchange rate changes may affect the profitability, cash flows, and business and/or pricing strategies of non Japan-based competitors. These movements affect cross-border transactions that involve, but not limited to, direct export sales made in foreign currencies and raw material purchases incurred in foreign currencies.

By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in exchange rates, Kyocera became exposed to credit risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contracts. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes Kyocera, which creates repayment risk for Kyocera. When the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, Kyocera owes the counterparty and, therefore, it does not possess repayment risk. Kyocera minimizes the credit (or repayment) risk in derivative financial instruments by (a) entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, (b) limiting the amount of exposure to each counterparty, and (c) monitoring the financial condition of its counterparties.

Kyocera does not hold or issue such derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

Kyocera’s affiliate accounted for by the equity method uses interest rate swaps to minimize significant, unanticipated cash flow fluctuations caused by interest rate volatility. The affiliate also reduces credit risks by entering into transactions with certain creditworthy counterparty and limiting the amount of exposure to the counterparty.

Cash Flow Hedges:

Kyocera uses certain foreign currency forward contracts with terms normally lasting for less than four months designated as cash flow hedges to protect against foreign currency exchange rate risks inherent in its forecasted transactions related to purchase commitments and sales. Kyocera’s affiliate accounted for by the equity method uses interest rate swaps mainly to convert a portion of its variable rate debt to fixed rate debt.

Other Derivatives:

Kyocera’s main direct foreign export sales and some import purchases are denominated in the customers’ and suppliers’ transaction currencies, principally the U.S. dollar and the Euro. Kyocera purchases foreign currency forward contracts to protect against the adverse effects that exchange rate fluctuations may have on foreign-currency-denominated trade receivables and payables. The gains and losses on both the derivatives and the foreign-currency-denominated trade receivables and payables are recorded as foreign currency transaction gains, net in the consolidated statement of income. Kyocera does not adopt hedge accounting for such derivatives.

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The aggregate contractual amounts of derivative financial instruments at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 are as follows:

The fair value and location of derivative financial instruments in the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 are as follows:

Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the six months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 are as follows:

Realized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments are not presented because the amounts were not material.

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8. BENEFIT PLANS

Domestic:

Kyocera Corporation and its major domestic subsidiaries sponsor funded defined benefit pension plans or unfunded retirement and severance plans for their employees.

Net periodic pension costs at Kyocera Corporation and its major domestic subsidiaries for the six months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 include the following components and were recorded in cost of sales, and selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Net periodic pension costs at Kyocera Corporation and its major domestic subsidiaries for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 include the following components and were recorded in cost of sales, and selling general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

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Foreign:

Kyocera’s foreign consolidated subsidiaries, such as Kyocera International, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, AVX Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, and TA Triumph-Adler GmbH, maintain non-contributory defined benefit pension plans in the U.S., Germany and other countries.

Net periodic pension costs at these foreign subsidiaries for the six months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 include the following components and were recorded in cost of sales, and selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Net periodic pension costs at these foreign subsidiaries for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 include the following components and were recorded in cost of sales, and selling general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.