By Mike Esterl 

ATLANTA-- Coca-Cola Co. shareholders backed a controversial executive pay package Wednesday and nearly approved a "proxy access" proposal that would have made it easier for investors to nominate directors.

But billionaire investor Warren Buffett generated the most buzz at the beverage giant's annual shareholder meeting by singing Coke's praises while strumming a ukulele.

In a closely watched vote, 80.4% of votes cast by shareholders were in favor of last year's compensation package for Chief Executive Muhtar Kent and other senior Coke managers. That was down from 90.9% at Coke last year. The average vote result at U.S. companies this year is about 92%, according to proxy adviser Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.

While such "say on pay" votes aren't binding, they serve as a barometer for shareholder sentiment on company performance and management pay in particular.

ISS, the proxy adviser, had recommended investors cast advisory votes against 2014 compensation packages for Coke executives. The firm, whose opinions can help sway some investors, cited "concern that pay opportunities are misaligned with company performance." It calculated Mr. Kent's pay package to be the highest among peer companies each of the last three years, even though Coke's shareholder returns lagged behind the S&P500 stock index over the same period.

Coke's board of directors scrambled to modify the compensation plan last year after it was called "excessive" by Mr. Buffett, whose Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is Coke's largest shareholder, with a 9% stake. Last autumn the board said it would issue fewer shares to management overall and replace equity awards for lower-level executives with cash bonuses, a change Mr. Buffett praised.

In a statement after Wednesday's vote, Coke said the result "reflects support for the enhancements made in the past year." The company enjoys "strong support from our shareowners, including a number of our largest, for the company's compensation plans."

But David Winters, CEO of Wintergreen Advisers, which had 2.5 million Coke shares, or about 0.06% of Coke's shares outstanding, saw it differently. The result "should pressure the Coca-Cola board to not only reform pay practices but to move faster on fixing Coca-Cola's business," he said in a statement. Mr. Winters has been campaigning against Coke pay since early last year.

Mr. Kent's total pay package last year was valued at $25.2 million, up from $20.4 million. The increase was fueled by pension benefits, which rose to $7.1 million from $2.2 million.

Mr. Kent has warned Coke likely will miss growth targets for a third straight year, hurt by slowing soda sales in many parts of the world. The company has promised to cut $3 billion in costs by 2019 to boost profits.

A shareholder proposal to make it easier for large investors to nominate directors almost secured a majority with 40.6% of votes cast in favor.

The proxy access proposal would have required Coke to include shareholder-nominated board candidates in proxy materials ahead of votes. To nominate a director under the proposal, a shareholder would need to have owned at least 3% of Coke's stock for at least three years.

Coke directors had recommended shareholders vote against the proposal, saying more deliberation was needed about the best way to increase proxy access. "It is important that we strike an appropriate balance between ensuring this important right is actually useable by shareowners, while minimizing the potential for abuse and disruption," the board argued in Coke's proxy materials.

More than a dozen major U.S. companies, including General Electric Co. and Bank of America Corp., have agreed in recent months to support letting shareholders nominate their own directors for corporate ballots. The concessions follow rising pressure to give investors greater influence over companies' strategy and finances.

Average support for 10 proxy access proposals tracked by ISS was 50.8% of votes cast. Four of the proposals passed and another three received more than 45% support, according to the proxy adviser.

Mr. Buffett, of Berkshire Hathaway, took to the stage during the company's meeting and argued Coke continues to be a great investment.

"As long as you can bring a smile to people's faces, it's a great business," said Mr. Buffett, seated next to Mr. Kent. Both men wore Coke-red ties. Another key for success is to continue to make Coke "extremely convenient to buy" and to keep prices reasonable, he added.

Mr. Buffett told the audience that a quarter of the calories he's consumed over the past 30 years came from Coca-Cola. "I've gotta tell you, I feel healthy," he said, adding that he drinks regular Coca-Cola at his office and Cherry Coke at home.

The legendary investor also appeared in a video playing a ukulele and singing "I'd like to buy the world a Coke," trying to stay on key with the company's famous 1971 jingle.

"Of course I could buy the world a Coke, but I'm not sure my shareholders would go for that," added Mr. Buffett before putting down the ukulele and drinking a Coke.

Write to Mike Esterl at mike.esterl@wsj.com

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