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Criteria
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Explanation
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Commentary
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Sampling
techniques
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Nature and quality
of sampling (e.g. cut channels, random chips, or specific
specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the
minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or
handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken
as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
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The data reported is
based on sampling of Diamond Drill core of PQ and HQ diameter. The
core was split with a diamond core saw and half core samples of 1
metre length or less sent for analysis by an independent ISO
certified laboratory (Intertek Testing Services Philippines, Inc.)
in Manila.
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Include reference
to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the
appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems
used.
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The drilling was
reconnaissance in nature and no field duplicates or certified
reference standards (CRM) were submitted. The laboratory which
analysed the samples conducted extensive check sampling as part of
their own internal QA processes which was reported in the assay
sheets.
For the 341 samples
submitted Intertek conducted 21 Second Sample analyses (from second
splits of the coarse crushed sample prior to pulverising) and 37
Repeat Sample analyses (a separate split and digest / Fire assay
from the pulverised material) in addition to 21 assays of their own
blank material and 41 assays of CRM standards. The results indicate
acceptable accuracy and repeatability.
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Aspects of the
determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public
Report. In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this
would be relatively simple (e.g. 'reverse circulation drilling was
used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to
produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other cases more
explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold
that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or
mineralisation types (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant
disclosure of detailed information.
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Diamond drill core of
PQ and NQ diameter were cut in half and half core samples submitted
to the Laboratory. Sample intervals were one metre or less. Samples
were crushed and pulverized (95%<75 um). Gold was analysed by 50
g Fire assay/AAS and Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn and As by AAS. Residual half
core has been retained for reference and future metallurgical
testwork. Coarse rejects and pulps will be retrieved from the
laboratory and stored for future reference and umpire
assays.
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Drilling
techniques
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Drill type (e.g.
core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast,
auger, Bangka, sonic, etc.) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple
or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or
other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method,
etc.).
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Drilling was by PQ
and HQ diameter, triple tube diamond core. The hole collars were
surveyed (GPS) but down hole orientation surveys were not conducted
and the core was not orientated.
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Drill sample
recovery
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Method of
recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results
assessed.
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Core recovery was
initially measured on site by trained technicians and again in the
core shed by the core shed geologist. Any core loss is measured,
the percentage calculated and both are recorded in the Geotech log.
In instances where core breaks off before the bottom of the hole
leading to "apparent poor recovery" followed by a core run of >
100 % recovery the adjustment is made in the records. The core
recoveries in the nine holes drilled were excellent with all holes
individually averaging greater than 98% and the combined average of
all nine holes being greater than 99% recovery.
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Measures taken to
maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the
samples.
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Drillers are informed
of the importance of core recovery and all care is taken to ensure
maximum recovery of diamond core.
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Whether a
relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether
sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of
fine/coarse material.
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There is no
discernible relationship between core recovery and grade and
recoveries were uniformly very high
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Logging
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Whether core and
chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a
level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation,
mining studies and metallurgical studies.
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The diamond drill
core is photographed and logged in a number of logging sheets
including a geological log, a structural log and a geotechnical
log, which is appropriate for mineral resource estimates and mining
studies, neither of which have been undertaken at this
stage.
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Whether logging is
qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel,
etc.) photography.
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Most of the
geological logging is a mixture of qualitative (descriptions of the
various geological minerals and features) and quantitative (numbers
and angles of veins etc). Photos are taken of all core (both wet
and dry) which can be considered quantitative.
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The total length
and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.
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All core is initially
logged in the various logging sheets noted above and intervals are
marked out for sawing and sampling. Not all core has been sampled
to date.
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Sub-sampling
techniques and sample preparation
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If core, whether
cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core
taken.
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Sample lengths are
one metre (or less to coincide with lithological breaks). All core
from mineralised zones and the immediate surrounding rocks was
initially sawn in half to provide a better surface for geological
logging. Half core is collected for analysis and the other half
retained for reference and or metallurgical testwork.
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If non-core,
whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc. and whether
sampled wet or dry.
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All sampling reported
is of diamond drill core.
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For all sample
types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample
preparation technique.
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All half core samples
were bagged, labelled and sent to an ISO certified independent
laboratory where samples are dried, crushed and pulverised to 95%
of the sample passing a 75μm sieve.
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Quality control
procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise
representivity of samples.
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The drilling was
reconnaissance in nature and no field duplicates or certified
reference standards (CRM) were submitted. The laboratory which
analysed the samples conducted extensive check sampling as part of
their own internal QA processes which was reported in the assay
sheets.
For the 341 samples
submitted Intertek conducted 21 Second Sample analyses (from second
splits of the coarse crushed sample prior to pulverising) and 37
Repeat Sample analyses (a separate split and digest / Fire assay
from the pulverised material) in addition to 21 assays of their own
blank material and 41 assays of CRM standards. The results indicate
acceptable accuracy and repeatability.
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Measures taken to
ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material
collected, including for instance results for field
duplicate/second-half sampling.
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High drill core
recoveries were achieved and no evidence of down hole contamination
during drilling noted. The half core samples can be considered
representative of the insitu material.
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Whether sample
sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being
sampled.
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The sample size
(mostly 1 metre of half core) used is suitable in respect to the
grain size of the mineralisation.
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Quality of
assay data & lab tests
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The nature,
quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory
procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or
total.
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The assay techniques
used for the assay results reported herein are international
standard and can be considered total. Gold was analysed by 50 g
fire assay and the other elements by AAS.
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For geophysical
tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc., the
parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument
make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and
their derivation, etc.
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No geophysical tools,
spectrometers, hand held XRF instruments etc were used for any
analysis or observation reported herein.
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Nature of quality
control procedures adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, duplicates,
external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of
accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been
established.
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The drilling was
reconnaissance in nature and no field duplicates or certified
reference standards (CRM) were submitted. The laboratory which
analysed the samples conducted their own extensive check sampling
as part of their own internal QA processes which is reported in the
assay sheets. For the 341 samples submitted Intertek conducted 21
Second Sample analyses (from second splits of the coarse crushed
sample prior to pulverising) and 37 Repeat Sample analyses (a
separate split and digest / Fire assay from the pulverised
material) in addition to 21 assays of their own blank material and
41 assays of CRM standards.
The results indicate
acceptable accuracy and repeatability and are considered acceptable
for the initial phase of reconnaissance drilling.
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Verification of
sampling and assaying
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The verification
of significant intersections by either independent or alternative
company personnel.
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The geochemical
results reported herein and the calculated averages for different
intervals were independently checked and calculated by two company
personnel.
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The use of twinned
holes.
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The drilling program
comprised nine drill holes, none of which have been
twinned.
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Documentation of
primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data
storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
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The diamond drill
core is logged in significant detail in a number of separate excel
template logging sheets including:
1) a geological log
of all core, recording mineralogy, lithology, alteration, degree of
oxidation and mineralization;
2) a structural log
of all core, recording alpha and beta angles, structure types, vein
types and infill;
3) a geotechnical log
of all core recording RQD, defects, fabrics;
4) a geochemical log
of assay results.
The drilling results
reported are from the first phase of reconnaissance drilling and
the data has not been incorporated into a dedicated Project
computer database at this stage. All logging and assay data has
been validated and archived and is available for future reference.
Hard copies of all logging sheets are kept at both the Project
office in Bunawan town and the Davao and Perth offices.
Remnant half core and
the coarse rejects and sample pulps returned from the laboratory
are kept in locked storage at the Company's core yard at
Bunawan.
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Discuss any
adjustment to assay data.
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The results reported
herein include averages calculated from separate contiguous one
metre intervals. No top or bottom cut of any assays has been
applied.
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Location of
data points
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Accuracy and
quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole
surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in
Mineral Resource estimation.
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Drill hole collars
were sited with a hand held GPS with an accuracy of +/- 5
metres. No down hole orientation survey was
conducted.
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Specification of
the grid system used.
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Co-ordinates are on a
UTM Grid; WGS84 (52N).
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Quality and
adequacy of topographic control.
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The Bunawan area is
moderately hilly. The collar elevation for the drill holes reported
herein is based on a reading from a hand held GPS and is consistent
with government topographic maps.
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Data spacing
and distribution
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Data spacing for
reporting of Exploration Results.
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The drill hole assay
results reported herein are from reconnaissance holes drilled on
separate discrete targets rather than a regular grid.
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Whether the data
spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of
geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral
Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and
classifications applied.
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The Bunawan Project
is at an early stage and drill holes are at variable spacing aimed
at testing discrete zones of mineralisation. No estimates of grade
continuity, resource or reserves are made.
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Whether sample
compositing has been applied.
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No compositing of
intervals in the field has been undertaken.
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Orientation of
data in relation to geological structure
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Whether the
orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible
structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the
deposit type
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The drill holes
reported are the first holes drilled at the Bunawan project, and
while mapped surface structures are generally ENE trending and most
drill holes oriented perpendicular to this trend it cannot be
assumed at this early stage of exploration that the intervals
reported are true widths of mineralisation
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If the relationship
between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key
mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling
bias, this should be assessed and reported if
material.
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As noted above, most
of the drilling was conducted perpendicular to the main structural
trend indicated in surface geology but it cannot be assumed at this
early stage of exploration that the intervals reported are true
widths of mineralisation.
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Sample
security
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The measures taken
to ensure sample security.
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Chain of custody was
managed by the company employees. Core was placed in core trays by
the drilling crew and kept at site under constant watch by Company
employees prior to being transported from the drill site by Company
employees in a Company vehicle to the core shed where core was
logged and sawn core samples prepared for dispatch.
Samples were packed
in boxes and sent directly from the core shed to the laboratory
sample preparation facility in General Santos town using a local
transport company. Remaining core is kept in the Company core yard
which is in a secure compound at Bunawan which is guarded at
night.
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Audits or
reviews
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The results of any
audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.
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The sampling
techniques and QA/QC data were reviewed by Company management and
an independent consultant. The writer of this report is an
independent consultant who has reviewed all sample handling
techniques and considers them to be of industry standard and
appropriate for this stage of exploration.
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