This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
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●
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statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
|
|
●
|
statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
|
|
●
|
statements regarding the asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
|
|
●
|
estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
|
These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
|
●
|
general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;
|
|
●
|
changes in government policy towards farming subsidies, and especially towards the production of ethanol which is highly dependent upon #2 Yellow Corn, the primary commodity produced in our market area;
|
|
●
|
competition among depository and other financial institutions;
|
|
●
|
our success in continuing to emphasize agricultural real estate and agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans;
|
|
●
|
changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins or reduce the fair value of our financial instruments;
|
|
●
|
adverse changes in the securities markets;
|
|
●
|
changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in deposit insurance premiums, regulatory fees and capital requirements, which increase our compliance costs;
|
|
●
|
our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
|
|
●
|
changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
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|
●
|
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
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|
●
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changes in our organization, compensation and benefit plans;
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|
●
|
loan delinquencies and changes in the underlying cash flows of our borrowers;
|
|
●
|
changes in our financial condition or results of operations that reduce capital available to pay dividends; and
|
|
●
|
changes in the financial condition or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.
|
Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.
BUSINESS OF MADISON COUNTY FINANCIAL, INC.
Madison County Financial, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Maryland in 2012 as part of the mutual-to-stock conversion of Madison County Holding Company, MHC, the former mutual holding company of Madison County Bank, for the purpose of becoming the savings and loan holding company of Madison County Bank. Since being incorporated, other than holding the common stock of Madison County Bank, retaining approximately 50% of the net cash proceeds of the stock conversion offering and making a loan to the employee stock ownership plan of Madison County Bank, we have not engaged in any business activities to date, except the repurchase of shares of our outstanding common stock as previously publicly disclosed. Through December 31, 2013, we have purchased 157,210 shares of our common stock.
Madison County Financial, Inc. is authorized to pursue business activities permitted by applicable laws and regulations, which may include the acquisition of banking and financial services companies. See “Supervision and Regulation – Holding Company Regulation” for a discussion of the activities that are permitted for savings and loan holding companies. We currently have no understandings or agreements to acquire other financial institutions, although we may determine to do so in the future. We may also borrow funds for reinvestment in Madison County Bank.
Our cash flow depends on earnings from the investment of the net proceeds we retained from our initial public stock offering that was consummated in October 2012, and any dividends we receive from Madison County Bank. We neither own nor lease any property, but pay a fee to Madison County Bank for the use of its premises, equipment and furniture. At the present time, we employ only persons who are officers of Madison County Bank who also serve as officers of Madison County Financial, Inc. We use the support staff of Madison County Bank from time to time and pay a fee to Madison County Bank for the time devoted to Madison County Financial, Inc. by employees of Madison County Bank. However, these persons are not be separately compensated by Madison County Financial, Inc. Madison County Financial, Inc. may hire additional employees, as appropriate, to the extent it expands its business in the future.
BUSINESS OF MADISON COUNTY BANK
General
Madison County Bank is a federally chartered savings bank headquartered in Madison, Nebraska, which is the county seat of Madison County, and is located in northeastern Nebraska approximately 120 miles northwest of Omaha and approximately 100 miles southwest of Sioux City, Iowa. Madison County Bank was organized in 1888 under the name The Madison County Building and Loan Association and has operated continuously in northeast Nebraska since this date. We reorganized into the mutual holding company structure in 2004 by forming Madison County Holding Company, MHC, a federally chartered mutual holding company, which converted to stock form, and was succeeded by Madison County Financial, Inc. in October 2012.
On a consolidated basis, at December 31, 2013, Madison County Financial, Inc. had total assets of $290.1 million, net loans of $224.3 million, total deposits of $205.7 million and stockholders’ equity of $61.4 million.
We provide financial services to individuals, families and businesses through our six banking offices located in the Nebraska counties of Cedar, Boone, Knox, Madison and Pierce. Our principal business consists of attracting retail deposits from the general public in our market area and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings, in agricultural real estate loans, one- to four-family residential real estate loans, agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans, commercial and multi-family real estate loans, and to a much lesser extent, consumer loans. We also purchase investment securities consisting primarily of securities issued by the United States Treasury, United States Government agencies, Government sponsored enterprises, and municipal securities, including securities issued by counties, cities, school districts and other political subdivisions. Historically we have not purchased loans, and at December 31, 2013 purchased loans amounted to less than 2.0% of our total loan portfolio.
Our business is highly dependent upon the economy in our market area, which is the northeastern Nebraska counties of Antelope, Cedar, Boone, Knox, Madison, Pierce and Stanton,
and on the profitable farm operations in our market area. Most of the farming in our market area is dependent upon corn, soybeans and livestock. Most specifically, the crop on which our local economy is most dependent is #2 Yellow Corn which is used in the production of ethanol, a renewable fuel, and to feed farm animals to produce meat. To a lesser extent, #2 Yellow Corn is used to produce high fructose corn syrup (commonly used as a sweetener in cereals, soda and other foods) and distillers’ grains. To a much lesser extent, our economy is dependent upon manufacturing (including steel production and fabrication), meat packing activity, healthcare, and education. Most of this industry is located in Norfolk, Nebraska, which is approximately 15 miles from our headquarters in Madison, Nebraska, and is the regional economic hub and predominant location for medical, financial and retail services for northeast Nebraska.
We have previously noted that most segments of our market area have not experienced the decline that has affected many parts of the nation since the recession of 2008. The prosperity many segments of our market area have enjoyed over the past few years eroded in 2013 as the market price for our major agricultural commodity, #2 Yellow Corn, declined substantially. As the Wall Street Journal reported on December 9, 2013, “corn futures have tumbled 39% this year—making corn one of the worst-performing commodities in 2013—amid forecasts for a big increase in U. S. Output (of corn) .” This decline has a negative effect on farm operators’ profitability and, in turn, increases the likelihood that some of our farm operating and farm real estate borrowers will be unable to repay loans as agreed, possibly resulting in loss to the Madison County Bank, and an increased likelihood of Chapter 12 Bankruptcy treatment of loans owed to the Bank. Moreover, federal government subsidies for the production of ethanol were eliminated in 2011 and in October, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a proposed rule reducing the federal government ethanol blending mandate, which proposal, if enacted would substantially decrease the volume of ethanol required to be blended in the nation’s fuel supply and would have a negative effect on the demand for #2 Yellow Corn, our market area’s most important agricultural commodity. This would, in turn, have a negative effect on the market price of corn, which would reduce our farm customers’ farming income and would reduce their ability to pay loans owed to us
.
We believe that our expertise in our market area in northeastern Nebraska, and particularly in agricultural real estate and agricultural non-real estate lending, has enabled us historically to compete effectively with larger financial institutions in our market area which have access to greater resources. We expect that our most significant lending activities will continue to be loans secured by agricultural real estate, agricultural and commercial non-real estate, one- to four-family residential real estate, and commercial and multi-family real estate.
We are highly dependent upon on our executive management team, and especially our President and Chief Executive Officer, David J. Warnemunde, who has been employed by Madison County Bank since 1992 and has served in his current positions since 1994.
Madison County Bank’s executive offices are located at 111 West Third Street, Madison, Nebraska 68748. Our telephone number at this address is (402) 454-6511. Our website address is
www.madisoncountybank.com
. Information on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report and should not be considered part of this Annual Report.
Market Area and Competition
Madison, Nebraska is located in the northeastern part of Nebraska, approximately 120 miles northwest of Omaha and 100 miles southwest of Sioux City, Iowa. Our market area is primarily rural in nature with the economy supported by agriculture (primarily corn, soybeans and livestock production), manufacturing (including steel production and fabrication), meat packing, healthcare, and education.
Norfolk, Nebraska, where we maintain one of our branch offices, is approximately 15 miles from our headquarters in Madison, Nebraska and is the regional economic hub and predominant location for medical, financial and retail services for northeast Nebraska. Large employers in the Norfolk area include Nucor Corporation, a national steel manufacturing company, Affiliated Foods and Faith Regional Health Services.
We face competition within our market area both in making loans and attracting deposits. Our market area has a concentration of financial institutions that include large money center and regional banks, community banks and credit unions. Additionally, we face strong competition for our agricultural lending from the Farm Credit Services of America, a division of the Federal Farm Credit System, a Government-sponsored enterprise, as well as Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. As of June 30, 2013, based on the most recent available FDIC data, our market share of deposits represented 11.0% of all FDIC-insured deposits in Madison County and 9.4% of FDIC-insured deposits in Boone, Cedar, Knox, Madison and Pierce Counties, Nebraska, collectively.
Lending Activities
Our principal lending activity is originating agricultural real estate loans, one- to four-family residential real estate loans, agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans and commercial and multi-family real estate loans. To a much lesser extent, we originate consumer loans, including automobile loans. As a long-standing community lender, we believe that our knowledge of the local farming community allows us to compete effectively in both residential and commercial lending, especially agricultural lending, by emphasizing superior customer service and local underwriting, which we believe differentiates us from larger commercial banks in our primary market area.
Loan Portfolio Composition.
The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, by type of loan at the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
$
|
110,533
|
|
|
|
47.89
|
%
|
|
$
|
96,569
|
|
|
|
45.50
|
%
|
|
$
|
83,347
|
|
|
|
43.05
|
%
|
|
$
|
79,418
|
|
|
|
42.80
|
%
|
|
$
|
63,371
|
|
|
|
39.37
|
%
|
One- to four-family residential
(1)
|
|
|
38,591
|
|
|
|
16.72
|
|
|
|
36,123
|
|
|
|
17.02
|
|
|
|
38,035
|
|
|
|
19.65
|
|
|
|
40,645
|
|
|
|
21.90
|
|
|
|
40,481
|
|
|
|
25.15
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
19,751
|
|
|
|
8.56
|
|
|
|
21,205
|
|
|
|
9.99
|
|
|
|
21,037
|
|
|
|
10.87
|
|
|
|
22,364
|
|
|
|
12.05
|
|
|
|
19,794
|
|
|
|
12.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
57,661
|
|
|
|
24.99
|
|
|
|
53,611
|
|
|
|
25.26
|
|
|
|
46,620
|
|
|
|
24.08
|
|
|
|
37,380
|
|
|
|
20.14
|
|
|
|
31,838
|
|
|
|
19.78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
4,249
|
|
|
|
1.84
|
|
|
|
4,749
|
|
|
|
2.23
|
|
|
|
4,552
|
|
|
|
2.35
|
|
|
|
5,753
|
|
|
|
3.11
|
|
|
|
5,474
|
|
|
|
3.40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans
|
|
|
230,785
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
212,257
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
193,591
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
185,560
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
160,958
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other items
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
(6,171
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,941
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,017
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,352
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,018
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans, net
|
|
$
|
224,614
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
207,316
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
189,574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
182,208
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
157,940
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Includes loans held for sale in the amount of $269, $159, $621, $360, and $0, as of December 31, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.
|
Contractual Maturities.
The following table sets forth the contractual maturities of our total loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, at December 31, 2013. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less. The table presents contractual maturities and does not reflect repricing or the effect of prepayments. Actual maturities may differ.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural real estate loans
|
|
|
One- to four-family residential real estate loans
|
|
|
Commercial and
multi-family
real estate loans
|
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due During the Years
Ending December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014
|
|
$
|
2,511
|
|
|
|
4.72
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,791
|
|
|
|
4.34
|
%
|
|
$
|
135
|
|
|
|
4.69
|
%
|
|
$
|
38,343
|
|
|
|
4.84
|
%
|
2015
|
|
|
408
|
|
|
|
3.76
|
|
|
|
225
|
|
|
|
5.85
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
4.18
|
|
|
|
5,149
|
|
|
|
3.97
|
|
2016
|
|
|
669
|
|
|
|
5.13
|
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
6.01
|
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
|
5.83
|
|
|
|
2,372
|
|
|
|
4.45
|
|
2017 to 2018
|
|
|
2,198
|
|
|
|
4.55
|
|
|
|
2,102
|
|
|
|
5.36
|
|
|
|
745
|
|
|
|
4.80
|
|
|
|
5,723
|
|
|
|
4.06
|
|
2019 to 2023
|
|
|
11,792
|
|
|
|
4.54
|
|
|
|
6,015
|
|
|
|
5.90
|
|
|
|
3,650
|
|
|
|
5.41
|
|
|
|
6,074
|
|
|
|
4.29
|
|
2024 to 2028
|
|
|
25,908
|
|
|
|
5.05
|
|
|
|
10,023
|
|
|
|
5.71
|
|
|
|
6,308
|
|
|
|
5.07
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
2029 and beyond
|
|
|
67,047
|
|
|
|
4.85
|
|
|
|
16,861
|
|
|
|
5.28
|
|
|
|
8,633
|
|
|
|
4.27
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
110,533
|
|
|
|
4.85
|
%
|
|
$
|
38,591
|
|
|
|
5.44
|
%
|
|
$
|
19,751
|
|
|
|
4.76
|
%
|
|
$
|
57,661
|
|
|
|
4.61
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Due During the Years
Ending December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
652
|
|
|
|
4.80
|
%
|
|
$
|
44,432
|
|
|
|
4.80
|
%
|
2015
|
|
|
777
|
|
|
|
5.82
|
|
|
|
6,751
|
|
|
|
4.24
|
|
2016
|
|
|
966
|
|
|
|
6.08
|
|
|
|
4,669
|
|
|
|
5.10
|
|
2017 to 2018
|
|
|
1,621
|
|
|
|
5.33
|
|
|
|
12,389
|
|
|
|
4.58
|
|
2019 to 2023
|
|
|
220
|
|
|
|
4.64
|
|
|
|
27,751
|
|
|
|
4.90
|
|
2024 to 2028
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
6.72
|
|
|
|
42,252
|
|
|
|
5.21
|
|
2029 and beyond
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
92,541
|
|
|
|
4.87
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
4,249
|
|
|
|
5.48
|
%
|
|
$
|
230,785
|
|
|
|
4.89
|
%
|
The following table sets forth our fixed- and adjustable-rate loans, including loans held for sale, at December 31, 2013 that are contractually due after December 31, 2014.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due After December 31, 2014
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
$
|
50,567
|
|
|
$
|
57,455
|
|
|
$
|
108,022
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
18,320
|
|
|
|
17,480
|
|
|
|
35,800
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
6,813
|
|
|
|
12,803
|
|
|
|
19,616
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
11,722
|
|
|
|
7,596
|
|
|
|
19,318
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
3,113
|
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
|
3,597
|
|
Total loans
|
|
$
|
90,535
|
|
|
$
|
95,818
|
|
|
$
|
186,353
|
|
Loan Approval Procedures and Authority
.
Our lending is subject to written, non-discriminatory underwriting standards and origination procedures. Decisions on loan applications are made on the basis of detailed applications submitted by the prospective borrower and property valuations. Our policies require that for all real estate loans that exceed $1.0 million, property valuations must be performed by independent state-licensed appraisers approved by our board of directors. For real estate loans of $1.0 million or less, such property valuations may be supported by either an independent appraisal or an evaluation conducted by bank personnel authorized by the board of directors. The loan applications are designed primarily to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the requested loan, and the more significant items on the application are verified through use of credit reports, financial statements and tax returns. We will also evaluate a guarantor when a guarantee is provided as part of the loan.
Pursuant to applicable law, the aggregate amount of loans that we are permitted to make to any one borrower or a group of related borrowers is generally limited to 15% of Madison County Bank’s unimpaired capital and surplus (25% if the amount in excess of 15% is secured by “readily marketable collateral” or 30% for certain residential development loans). At December 31, 2013, our largest credit relationship consisted of several loans which totaled $7.1 million and were secured by agricultural real estate. At December 31, 2013, these loans were performing in accordance with their repayment terms. Our second largest relationship at this date consisted of several loans totaling $7.0 million and were secured primarily by agricultural real estate and agricultural non-real estate. At December 31, 2013, these loans were performing in accordance with their repayment terms.
Our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Senior Vice President each have approval authority of up to $200,000 for all types of loans and subordinate loan officers have loan authority ranging from $25,000 to $150,000 for all loans. Loans above the amounts authorized to our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Senior Vice President require approval by the Loan Committee, which consists of our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Senior Vice President and Treasurer and our chief in-house evaluator, which may approve loans up to our legal lending limit. Loans which exceed a loan officer’s authority amount require approval of the Loan Committee. Additionally all loan renewals and extensions, regardless of amount and whether or not they are within an officer’s authority, are submitted to the Loan Committee for action. Loan Committee actions are reported at the next board meeting following approval. Aggregate credit exposure in excess of our legal lending limit (15% of Madison County Bank’s unimpaired capital and surplus) must be approved by a majority of our board of directors.
Generally, we require title insurance on our real estate loans as well as fire and extended coverage casualty insurance in amounts at least equal to the principal amount of the loan or the value of improvements on the property, depending on the type of loan. We also require flood insurance if the improved property is determined to be in a flood zone area. We do not always require federal crop insurance or hail insurance, or an assignment of the proceeds of such insurance, on our agricultural non-real estate loans; however, the majority of our borrowers obtain such insurance.
Agricultural Real Estate Lending.
At December 31, 2013, $110.5 million, or 47.9% of our total loan portfolio including loans held for sale, consisted of agricultural real estate loans which are loans to finance the acquisition, development or refinancing of agricultural real estate. We consider a number of factors in originating agricultural real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower, including credit history, profitability and expertise, as well as the value and condition of the agricultural property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property and the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service).
We offer both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate agricultural real estate loans. At December 31, 2013, 46.6% of our agricultural real estate loans had fixed rates of interest. Generally, our agricultural real estate loans amortize over periods not in excess of 21 years and have a loan-to-value ratio of 70%, although we will originate such loans with a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 80%. In recent years, with the substantial increases in the price of the agricultural real estate in our market area, consistent with our conservative underwriting practices, the loan-to-value ratio on the majority of our agricultural real estate loans has not exceeded 60%.
We also originate agricultural real estate loans directly and through programs sponsored by the Farmers Home Administration (“FmHA”), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture, which provides a partial guarantee on loans underwritten to FmHA standards.
Agricultural real estate lending generally gives us the opportunity to earn yields higher than those obtainable on conforming, fixed-rate one- to four-family residential loans that we sell in the secondary market. However, agricultural real estate lending involves greater risk than one- to four-family residential real estate loans because these loans generally are for larger amounts than one- to four-family residential real estate loans. In addition, the repayment of agricultural real estate loans generally depends on the successful operation or management of the farm properties securing the loans. The ability to repay an agricultural real estate loan also may be affected by many factors outside the control of the borrower.
Additionally, on a limited basis, we provide financing for part-time farmers and their primary residences. These loans are for customers who derive the majority of their income from non-farming sources, but do derive a portion of their income from the property they are financing.
Weather presents one of the greatest risks to agricultural real estate lending as hail, drought, floods, or other conditions, can severely limit crop yields and thus impair loan repayments and the value of the underlying collateral. Farmers can reduce this risk with a variety of insurance options that can help to ensure the timely repayment of loans. For instance, farmers are able to obtain multi-peril crop insurance coverage through a program partially subsidized by the Federal Government. Grain and livestock prices also present a risk as prices may decline prior to sale resulting in a failure to cover production costs. These risks may be reduced by farmers with the use of futures contracts or options to mitigate price risk. Another risk is the uncertainty of government programs and other regulations. During periods of low commodity prices, the income from government programs can be a significant source of cash to make loan payments and if these programs are discontinued or significantly changed, cash flow problems or defaults could result. Finally, the success of many farms depends on the presence of a limited number of key individuals.
At December 31, 2013, our largest agricultural real estate loan had a principal balance of $1.9 million and was performing in accordance with its repayment terms.
Our agricultural real estate loans present an additional risk as a significant number of our borrowers with these types of loans may qualify for relief under 11 U.S.C. Section 1201
et seq.
of the United States Bankruptcy Code (generally known as Chapter 12-Adjustment of Debts of a Family Farmer or Fisherman with Regular Annual Income) (“Chapter 12”). Chapter 12, which was enacted by Congress in response to the recession in agriculture in 1986, is designed specifically for the reorganization of financial obligations of family farmers.
Pursuant to Chapter 12, a family farmer may be permitted through an order of the Bankruptcy Court to modify a loan with Madison County Bank without our consent, including the following types of modifications: (1) the sale of a portion of the property that serves as collateral for a loan (typically grain or livestock) and the use of the cash proceeds for the borrower’s operating expenses (which reduces the overall value of our collateral securing the loan); (2) non-payment by the borrower of unsecured indebtedness; (3) a reduction in the amount of the loan to the current fair market value of secured property; (4) establishing a repayment schedule which extends the original repayment schedule for the loan; and (5) establishing a lower interest rate on the unpaid balance of the loan.
At December 31, 2013, we believe that borrowers would have qualified for relief under Chapter 12 for approximately $85.4 million of our loans. Although we have had exposure to Chapter 12 since its enactment, since 1992 we have experienced only one agricultural real estate loan, with a principal balance of $90,000, which we were required to modify involuntarily under Chapter 12. This modification, which occurred in 2009, required us to modify the interest rate on the loan from 7.15% to a then market-rate of 5.25%. At the time of this modification and at December 31, 2013, this loan was performing, and we did not account for this loan as a troubled debt restructuring.
One- to Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending
.
At December 31, 2013, $38.6 million, or 16.7% of our total loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, consisted of loans secured by one- to four-family real estate.
We originate both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans with terms of up to 30 years. On a very limited basis, we will make a one- to four-family residential real estate loan with a 31-year term for individuals who are constructing a house, with interest-only payments for the first year of the loan. At December 31, 2013 we had no such loans.
We generally limit the loan-to-value ratios of our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans to 80% of the sales price or appraised value, whichever is lower. Loans with certain credit enhancements, such as private mortgage insurance, may be made with loan-to-value ratios up to 95%.
Our fixed-rate, one- to four-family residential real estate loans are generally underwritten according to the guidelines of the Mortgage Partnership Finance program, a division of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka (“FHLB-Topeka”). We generally originate both fixed- and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans in amounts up to the maximum conforming loan limits as established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency which, as of December 31, 2013, was generally $417,000 for single-family homes in our market area. We have historically sold all of our originations of conforming fixed-rate, one- to four-family residential real estate loans with terms of greater than 15 years, and in recent years the Mortgage Partnership Finance program has purchased these loans. We also originate loans above the lending limit for conforming loans, which are referred to as “jumbo loans.” Virtually all of our one- to four-family residential real estate loans are secured by properties located in our market area. On a limited basis we have made to our existing customers one- to four-family residential real estate loans out of our market area.
Generally, the fixed-rate, one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we do not sell have terms of 15 years or less.
Our adjustable-rate, one- to four-family residential real estate loans generally have fixed rates of interest for initial terms of 10 years, and adjust annually or every 5 years thereafter at a margin, which in recent years has been 4.0% above either the 1 Year Constant Maturity Treasury Rate (CMT) or the 5 Year CMT. The maximum amount by which the interest rate may be increased or decreased is generally 2.0% per adjustment period and the lifetime interest rate cap is generally 10% over the initial interest rate of the loan. Our adjustable-rate loans carry terms to maturity of up to 30 years.
Although adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans may reduce our vulnerability to changes in market interest rates because they periodically reprice as interest rates increase, the required payments due from the borrower also increase (subject to rate caps), increasing the potential for default by the borrower. At the same time, the ability of the borrower to repay the loan and the marketability of the underlying collateral may be adversely affected by higher interest rates. Upward adjustments of the contractual interest rate are also limited by the maximum periodic and lifetime rate adjustments permitted by our loan documents. Moreover, the interest rates on many of our adjustable-rate loans do not adjust for up to 10 years after origination. As a result, the effectiveness of adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans in compensating for changes in market interest rates would be limited during periods of rapidly rising interest rates.
Except on a very limited basis on the initial one-year construction period of a 31 year one- to four-family residential real estate loan, we do not offer “interest only” mortgage loans on permanent one- to four-family residential real estate loans (where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan). We also do not offer one- to four-family residential real estate loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. We generally do not offer “subprime loans” on one-to four- family residential real estate loans (
i.e.
, loans to borrowers with weakened credit histories typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments, bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burden ratios), or “Alt-A” (
i.e.
, loans to borrowers with better credit scores who borrow with alternative documentation such as little or no verification of income).
We actively monitor our interest rate risk position to determine the desirable level of investment in fixed-rate mortgage loans. Depending on market interest rates and our capital and liquidity position, we may retain all of our newly originated longer-term fixed-rate residential mortgage loans, or we may sell all or a portion of such loans in the secondary mortgage market.
We have historically sold, and expect that we will continue to sell in the near future, subject to market conditions, all of the conforming fixed-rate, one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we originate with terms of greater than 15 years to the Mortgage Partnership Finance, a division of the FHLB-Topeka, with servicing retained, or to other third-party purchasers with servicing released.
Agricultural and Commercial Non-Real Estate Lending.
At December 31, 2013, $57.7 million, or 25.0% of our loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, consisted of agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans.
Agricultural non-real estate loans, which totaled $49.9 million at December 31, 2013, include seasonal crop operating loans that are used to fund the borrower’s crop production operating expenses; livestock operating and revolving loans used to purchase livestock for resale and related livestock production expense; and loans used to finance the purchase of machinery, equipment and breeding stock.
Agricultural non-real estate loans are originated with adjustable- or fixed-rates of interest and generally for terms of up to 15 months. In the case of agricultural non-real estate loans secured by breeding livestock and/or farm equipment, such loans are originated at fixed-rates of interest for a term of up to seven years. At December 31, 2013, the average outstanding principal balance of our agricultural non-real estate loans was $88,000, excluding lines of credit with $0 balances at this date. At December 31, 2013, our largest agricultural and commercial non-real estate loan had a principal balance of $1.4 million, was secured by farm assets and was performing in accordance with its repayment terms. At this date, we had no agricultural non-real estate loans which were non-performing.
Borrowers of agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans are required to supply current financial statements and tax returns. Additionally, some borrowers are required to produce cash flow projections which are updated on an annual basis. In addition, on larger loans, the loan officer responsible for the loan and/or Madison County Bank’s in-house evaluator will perform an annual farm visit, obtain financial statements and perform a financial review of the loan.
Our commercial non-real estate loans, which totaled $7.8 million at December 31, 2013, consist of term loans as well as regular lines of credit and revolving lines of credit to finance short-term working capital needs like accounts receivable and inventory. Our commercial lines of credit generally have adjustable interest rates and may be secured or unsecured. We generally obtain personal guarantees for all commercial business loans. Business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, furniture and fixtures may be used to secure lines of credit. Our lines of credit typically have a maximum term of 12 months. We also originate commercial term loans to fund long-term borrowing needs such as purchasing equipment, property improvements or other fixed asset needs. We fix the maturity of a term loan to correspond to 80% of the useful life of any equipment purchased or 10 years, whichever is less. Term loans can be secured with a variety of collateral, including business assets such as accounts receivable and inventory, or long-term assets such as equipment, furniture, fixtures or real estate.
Unlike one- to four-family residential real estate loans, which we generally originate on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment and other income, and which are secured by real property with a readily ascertainable value, we typically originate agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business or rental income produced by the property. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans may be substantially dependent on the success of the business or rental property itself and the local economy. Therefore, agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans that we originate generally have greater credit risk than our one- to four-family residential real estate loans or consumer loans. In addition, agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans often have larger outstanding balances to single borrowers, or related groups of borrowers, and also generally require substantially greater evaluation and oversight efforts. For additional risks specific to agricultural non-real estate loans, please see “–Agricultural Real Estate Loans” above.
Commercial and Multi-Family Real Estate Lending
.
We originate commercial and multi-family real estate mortgage loans. At December 31, 2013, $19.8 million, or 8.6% of our loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, consisted of commercial and multi-family real estate loans.
Our commercial and multi-family real estate loans have terms of up to 20 years.
The maximum loan-to-value ratio of our commercial real estate loans is generally 80%.
Our commercial and multi-family real estate loans are secured primarily by office buildings, strip mall centers, owner-occupied offices, car washes, condominiums, apartment buildings and developed lots. At December 31, 2013, our commercial and multi-family real estate loans had an average loan balance of approximately $141,000. At December 31, 2013, virtually all of our commercial and multi-family real estate loans were secured by properties located in Nebraska. We have occasionally made commercial and multi-family real estate loans secured by properties in Iowa and South Dakota. In addition, we will make loans to customers who live in our market area for commercial real estate properties located outside of our market area.
At December 31, 2013, 35.1% of our commercial and multi-family real estate loans had fixed interest rates. The rates on our adjustable-rate commercial real estate and multi-family loans are generally tied to a variety of indices including the 1 Year Constant Maturity Treasury rate (CMT), the 5 Year CMT and the prime interest rate as reported in
The Wall Street Journal
. A portion of our commercial real estate and multi-family loans represent permanent financing for borrowers who have completed real estate construction for which we previously provided construction financing.
In underwriting commercial and multi-family real estate loans, we generally lend up to 80% of the property’s appraised value. We base our decisions to lend on the economic viability of the property and the creditworthiness of the borrower. In evaluating a proposed commercial real estate loan, we emphasize the ratio of the property’s projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 1.1 times), computed after deduction for a vacancy factor and property expenses we deem appropriate. Personal guarantees are obtained from commercial real estate borrowers. We require title insurance insuring the priority of our lien, fire and extended coverage casualty insurance, and, if appropriate, flood insurance, in order to protect our security interest in the underlying property.
Commercial and multi-family real estate loans generally carry higher interest rates and have shorter terms than the conforming one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we sell in the secondary market. Commercial and multi-family real estate loans, however, have significant additional credit risks compared to one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, as they typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the repayment of loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the related real estate project, and thus may be more subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market and in the general economy.
We consider a number of factors in originating commercial and multi-family real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower, including credit history, profitability and expertise, as well as the value and condition of the property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of a borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property and the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service). All commercial and multi-family real estate loans are appraised by independent appraisers approved by the board of directors or by internal evaluations, where permitted by regulation. We obtain personal guarantees from the principals of our commercial and multi-family real estate borrowers.
Consumer Lending.
To a much lesser extent, we offer a variety of consumer loans to individuals who reside or work in our market area, including new and used automobile loans, home improvement and home equity loans, recreational vehicle loans, and loans secured by certificates of deposits and other collateral, including marketable securities. We do not purchase indirect automobile loans from dealers. At December 31, 2013, our consumer loan portfolio totaled $4.2 million, or 1.8% of our total loan portfolio, including loans held for sale. At this date, $73,000 of our consumer loans were unsecured.
Consumer loans generally have shorter terms to maturity, which reduces our exposure to changes in interest rates. In addition, management believes that offering consumer loan products helps to expand and create stronger ties to our existing customer base by increasing the number of customer relationships and providing cross-marketing opportunities.
Consumer and other loans generally have greater risk compared to longer-term loans secured by improved, owner-occupied real estate, particularly consumer loans that are secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles. In these cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance. As a result, consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
We also offer home equity loans and equity lines of credit secured by a first or second mortgage on residential property. Second mortgage loans and equity lines of credit are made with fixed or adjustable rates, and with combined loan-to-value ratios up to 90% on an owner-occupied principal residence.
Second mortgage loans and equity lines of credit have greater risk than one- to four-family residential real estate loans secured by first mortgages. We face the risk that the collateral will be insufficient to compensate us for loan losses and costs of foreclosure, particularly since holders of the first mortgage would be repaid first from the proceeds of any sale of collateral, before such proceeds are applied to home equity lines of credit or second mortgage loans. When customers default on their loans, we attempt to foreclose on the property and resell the property as soon as possible to minimize foreclosure and carrying costs. However, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to compensate us for the amount of the unpaid loan and we may be unsuccessful in recovering the remaining balance from those customers. Particularly with respect to our second mortgage loans, decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property used as collateral for our loans.
At December 31, 2013, the average balance of our outstanding home equity lines of credit was $29,000 excluding lines with $0 balances, and the largest outstanding balance of any such loan was $99,000. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at December 31, 2013.
Originations, Purchases and Sales of Loans
Lending activities are conducted primarily by our loan personnel operating at our main office and our branch offices. All loans that we originate are underwritten pursuant to our standard policies and procedures. In addition, our one- to four-family residential real estate loans generally incorporate underwriting guidelines of the Mortgage Partnership Finance Program, a division of the FHLB-Topeka. We originate both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate loans. Our ability to originate fixed- or adjustable-rate loans is dependent upon the relative customer demand for such loans and competition from other lenders, which is affected by current market interest rates as well as anticipated future market interest rates. Our loan origination and sales activity may be adversely affected by a rising interest rate environment which typically results in decreased loan demand. Most of our agricultural real estate, agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans, and our commercial and multi-family real estate loans are generated by our internal business development efforts and referrals from professional contacts. Most of our originations of one- to four-family residential real estate loans and consumer loans are generated by existing customers, referrals from realtors, residential home builders, walk-in business and from our website.
Consistent with our interest rate risk strategy and the low interest rate environment that has existed in recent years, we have sold to the Mortgage Partnership Finance Program on a servicing-retained basis, all of the conforming fixed-rate, one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we have originated with terms of greater than 15 years. At December 31, 2013, we serviced $68.2 million of fixed-rate, one- to four-family residential real estate loans held by the FHLB-Topeka and serviced an additional $542,000 of other loans.
The following table sets forth our loan origination, purchase, sale and principal repayment activity during the periods indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans, including loans held for sale, at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
207,316
|
|
|
$
|
189,574
|
|
|
$
|
182,208
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans originated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
38,419
|
|
|
|
39,577
|
|
|
|
24,235
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
43,130
|
|
|
|
45,674
|
|
|
|
28,139
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
4,949
|
|
|
|
5,697
|
|
|
|
2,629
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
26,545
|
|
|
|
28,769
|
|
|
|
25,715
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
3,553
|
|
|
|
3,809
|
|
|
|
4,031
|
|
Total loans originated
|
|
|
116,596
|
|
|
|
123,526
|
|
|
|
84,749
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans purchased:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Total loans purchased
|
|
|
1,133
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans sold:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
(25,269
|
)
|
|
|
(32,940
|
)
|
|
|
(17,945
|
)
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Total loans sold
|
|
|
(25,269
|
)
|
|
|
(32,940
|
)
|
|
|
(17,945
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal repayments and other
|
|
|
(171,829
|
)
|
|
|
(167,895
|
)
|
|
|
(140,574
|
)
|
Advances on agricultural and commercial lines-of-credit loans
|
|
|
96,667
|
|
|
|
94,051
|
|
|
|
81,136
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loan activity
|
|
|
17,298
|
|
|
|
17,742
|
|
|
|
7,366
|
|
Total loans, including loans held for sale, at end of period
|
|
$
|
224,614
|
|
|
$
|
207,316
|
|
|
$
|
189,574
|
|
Delinquencies and Non-Performing Assets
Delinquency Procedures
.
When a borrower fails to make a required monthly loan payment, a late notice is generated stating the payment and late charges due. Generally our policies provide that borrowers are sent the notice on the 10
th
day after the payment due date except for one- to four-family real estate loans for which the delinquency notice is mailed between 15 and 20 days after the due date. Thereafter a loan officer is assigned to pursue our loan collection procedures which include follow up phone calls and letters. For all loans 60 days or less past due, the loan officer responsible for the credit contacts the borrower by phone. After 60 days past due, the Chief Executive Officer becomes the primary officer responsible for the loan’s collection, and the Chief Executive Officer will contact the borrower by phone and/or letters. After a loan is 90 days past due, it is referred to our attorney who will initiate foreclosure procedures. If the loan is reinstated, foreclosure proceedings will be discontinued and the borrower will be permitted to continue to make payments.
When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as Other Real Estate Owned until it is sold. The real estate is recorded at estimated fair value at the date of acquisition less estimated costs to sell, and any write-down resulting from the acquisition is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Estimated fair value is based on a new appraisal or an in-house evaluation which is obtained as soon as practicable, typically at the start of the foreclosure proceeding and every six months thereafter until the property is sold. Subsequent decreases in the value of the property are charged to operations. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed. Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.
Troubled Debt Restructurings.
Troubled debt restructurings are defined under ASC 310-40 to include loans for which either a portion of interest or principal has been forgiven, or for loans modified at interest rates or on terms materially less favorable than current market rates. We occasionally modify loans to extend the term or make other concessions to help a borrower stay current on his or her loan and to avoid foreclosure. We generally do not forgive principal or interest on loans. On occasion, we have modified the terms of loans to provide for longer amortization schedules. These modifications are made only when there is a reasonable and attainable workout plan that has been agreed to by the borrower and that is in our best interests. At or during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, we had no loans that were classified as a troubled debt restructuring.
Delinquent Loans
. The following table sets forth our loan delinquencies, including non-accrual loans, by type and amount at the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
At December 31, 2013
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
296
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
296
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
171
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
171
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real
estate loans
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
491
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
493
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
144
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
377
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real
estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
233
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$
|
146
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
379
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
289
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
305
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
96
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
397
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
$
|
414
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
231
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
98
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
183
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
281
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total loans
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
111
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
115
|
|
Classified Assets
. Federal regulations provide that loans and other assets of lesser quality should be classified as “substandard”, “doubtful” or “loss” assets.
An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management.
When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, which may require the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.
In connection with the filing of our periodic reports and in accordance with our classification of assets policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. Loans are listed on the “watch list” initially because of emerging financial weaknesses even though the loan is currently performing as agreed, or delinquency status, or if the loan possesses weaknesses although currently performing. Management reviews the status of each impaired loan on our watch list with the Loan Committee and then with the full board of directors at the next regularly scheduled Board meeting. If a loan deteriorates in asset quality, the classification is changed to “special mention,” “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” depending on the circumstances and the evaluation. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status and classified “substandard.” If a loan is secured by real estate and we believe that we are well collateralized, we will continue to accrue interest for up to 120 days.
See Note 3 to our Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report for a description by loan category of our classified and special mention assets as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
Non-Performing Assets.
We generally cease accruing interest on our loans when contractual payments of principal or interest have become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectibility of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. We will, however, continue to accrue interest for up to 120 days if a loan is secured by real estate and we believe that we are well collateralized. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is applied against principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectibility of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Restructured loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the revised contractual terms for a reasonable period of time (typically six months) and the ultimate collectibility of the total contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured.
The following table sets forth information regarding our non-performing assets at the dates indicated. We had no troubled debt restructurings at the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-accrual loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
$
|
123
|
|
|
$
|
126
|
|
|
$
|
129
|
|
|
$
|
131
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
112
|
|
|
|
84
|
|
|
|
93
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Total non-accrual loans
|
|
$
|
400
|
|
|
$
|
214
|
|
|
$
|
223
|
|
|
$
|
167
|
|
|
$
|
74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans delinquent 90 days or greater and still accruing:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Total loans delinquent 90 days or greater and still accruing
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
79
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
183
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-performing loans
|
|
$
|
402
|
|
|
$
|
293
|
|
|
$
|
240
|
|
|
$
|
350
|
|
|
$
|
78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate owned:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
Commercial
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Total real estate owned
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-performing assets
|
|
$
|
402
|
|
|
$
|
292
|
|
|
$
|
240
|
|
|
$
|
350
|
|
|
$
|
124
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ratios:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-performing loans to total loans
|
|
|
0.17
|
%
|
|
|
0.14
|
%
|
|
|
0.12
|
%
|
|
|
0.19
|
%
|
|
|
0.05
|
%
|
Non-performing assets to total assets
|
|
|
0.14
|
%
|
|
|
0.11
|
%
|
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
|
|
0.16
|
%
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
|
Interest income that would have been recorded for 2013 had non-accruing loans been current according to their original terms amounted to $8,000. We recognized $6,000 of interest on these loans for 2013.
Non-performing agricultural real estate loans totaled $123,000 at December 31, 2013 and consisted of one loan. Additionally we had $112,000 in non-performing one- to four-family residential real estate loans, $148,000 in non-performing commercial and multi-family loans and $17,000 in non-performing consumer loans at December 31, 2013. We had no real estate owned at December 31, 2013.
There were no other loans at December 31, 2013 that are not already disclosed where there is information about possible credit problems of borrowers that caused us serious doubts about the ability of the borrowers to comply with present loan repayment terms and that may result in disclosure of such loans in the future.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Analysis and Determination of the Allowance for Loan Losses
. Our allowance for loan losses is the amount considered necessary to reflect probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio. We evaluate the need to establish allowances against losses on loans on a quarterly basis. When additional allowances are necessary, a provision for loan losses is charged to earnings.
Our methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses has consisted of two key elements: (1) specific allowances for identified impaired loans; and (2) a general valuation allowance on the remainder of the loan portfolio. Although we determine the amount of each element of the allowance separately, the entire allowance for loan losses is available for the entire portfolio.
We identify loans that may need to be charged off as a loss by reviewing all delinquent loans, classified loans, and other loans that management may have concerns about collectibility. For individually reviewed loans, the borrower’s inability to make payments under the terms of the loan as well as the shortfall in collateral value would result in our charging off the loan or the portion of the loan that was impaired.
Among other factors, we consider current general economic conditions, including current housing or agricultural real estate price movements, in determining the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses for our agricultural real estate, one-to four-family residential real estate and commercial and multi-family real estate portfolios. We use evidence obtained from our own loan portfolio as well as published housing and agricultural data on our local markets from third-party sources we determine to be reliable as a basis for assumptions about the impact of housing depreciation.
Over the past several quarters, we have increased general allowances for all of our loan categories except for our consumer loan portfolio. These increases are a result of the increase in the size of our loan portfolio as well as our perception that there is an increase in the risk to our loan portfolio due to the increase in our agricultural real estate and agricultural and commercial non-real estate loan portfolios. The increases in these portfolios have resulted, in part, from an abrupt and substantial increase in the cost of farm property in our market area as well as the cost of crop production inputs. If farm property values decline and if profit margins return to historical lower levels, the value of these loans may decline.
The average sales price of a bushel of #2 Yellow Corn, the most important crop in our market area, declined substantially in 2013, but, the cost of agricultural real estate in our market area continued to increase slightly in 2013, creating additional risk to our loan portfolio. The demand for this crop is a result of numerous factors, including its use to produce ethanol. Effective December 31, 2011, the Federal Government allowed a major ethanol subsidy to expire which, over time, could adversely impact the price of corn and thus adversely impact our agricultural borrowers and the value of farm land, thereby increasing the risks associated with these types of loans. Further, in 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a proposed rule reducing the federal government ethanol blending mandate, which proposal, if enacted would substantially decrease the volume of ethanol required to be blended in the nation’s fuel supply and would have a negative effect on the demand for #2 Yellow Corn, our market area’s most important agricultural commodity. This would, in turn, have a negative effect on the market price of corn, which would reduce our farm customers’ farming income and would reduce their ability to pay loans owed to us.
Moreover, the Agricultural Act of 2014 was signed into law on February 7, 2014 and the most significant change to farm programs in this Act is the elimination of a subsidy known as “direct payments.” These payments, about $5 billion a year, were paid to farmers as a supplement to farm income to ensure safe, affordable and abundant food for the nation’s people. The elimination of these direct payments is a major event in the evolution of Federal farm programs and increases the likelihood of reduced farm income for our customers, which would reduce their ability to pay loans to us, which could in turn result in loss to Madison County Bank and increase the likelihood of Chapter 12 Bankruptcy treatment relating to the loans owed to us. While the adoption of this Act was not completed by the end of our fiscal year, the elimination of “direct payments” was widely anticipated for several weeks in advance of its enactment and their elimination was taken into account by the company’s management as part of the methodology for estimating allowances.
Substantially all of our loans are secured by collateral. Loans 90 days past due and other classified loans are evaluated for impairment and general or specific allowances are established. Typically for a nonperforming one- to four-family residential real estate loan in the process of collection, the value of the underlying collateral is estimated using the original independent appraisal, adjusted for current economic conditions and other factors, and related general or specific reserves are adjusted on a quarterly basis. If a nonperforming real estate loan is in the process of foreclosure and/or there are serious doubts about further collectibility of principal or interest, and there is uncertainty about the value of the underlying collateral, we will order a new independent appraisal. Any shortfall would result in immediately charging off the portion of the loan that was impaired.
We establish an allowance for loans that are not classified as impaired to recognize the inherent losses associated with lending activities. This valuation allowance is determined by segregating the loans by loan category and assigning allowance percentages based on our historical loss experience, delinquency trends and management’s evaluation of the collectibility of the loan portfolio. The allowance may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, affect the collectibility of the portfolio as of the evaluation date. These significant factors may include changes in lending policies and procedures, changes in existing general economic and business conditions affecting our primary market area, credit quality trends, collateral value, loan volumes and concentrations, seasoning of the loan portfolio, recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio, duration of the current business cycle and bank regulatory examination results. The applied loss factors are re-evaluated quarterly to ensure their relevance in the current real estate environment.
As an integral part of their examination process, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency with respect to Madison County Bank, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City with respect to Madison County Financial, Inc., will periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require that we recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examinations.
Allowance for Loan Losses
.
The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated.
|
|
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
4,941
|
|
|
$
|
4,017
|
|
|
$
|
3,352
|
|
|
$
|
3,018
|
|
|
$
|
2,681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charge-offs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(29
|
)
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Total charge-offs
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(29
|
)
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recoveries:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Total recoveries
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
(26
|
)
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
1,250
|
|
|
|
830
|
|
|
|
680
|
|
|
|
360
|
|
|
|
360
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of year
|
|
$
|
6,171
|
|
|
$
|
4,941
|
|
|
$
|
4,017
|
|
|
$
|
3,352
|
|
|
$
|
3,018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ratios:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) to average loans outstanding (annualized)
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
|
|
|
(0.05
|
) %
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans at end of period
|
|
|
1,535.07
|
%
|
|
|
1,692.12
|
%
|
|
|
1,673.75
|
%
|
|
|
957.71
|
%
|
|
|
3,869.23
|
%
|
Allowance for loan losses to total loans (including loans held for sale) at end of period
|
|
|
2.67
|
%
|
|
|
2.33
|
%
|
|
|
2.07
|
%
|
|
|
1.81
|
%
|
|
|
1.88
|
%
|
Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses.
The following tables set forth the allowance for loan losses allocated by loan category, the percent of allowance in each loan category to the total allowance, and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The allowance for loan losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allowance for Loan Losses
|
|
|
Percent of
Loans in Each Category to
Total Loans
|
|
|
Allowance for Loan Losses
|
|
|
Percent of
Loans in Each Category to
Total Loans
|
|
|
Allowance for Loan Losses
|
|
|
Percent of
Loans in Each Category to
Total Loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
$
|
3,340
|
|
|
|
47.89
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,585
|
|
|
|
45.50
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,579
|
|
|
|
43.05
|
%
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
|
16.72
|
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
|
17.02
|
|
|
|
818
|
|
|
|
19.65
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
597
|
|
|
|
8.56
|
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
|
9.99
|
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
|
10.87
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
1,638
|
|
|
|
24.99
|
|
|
|
1,337
|
|
|
|
25.26
|
|
|
|
984
|
|
|
|
24.08
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
1.84
|
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
2.23
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
2.35
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
6,171
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
4,941
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
4,017
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allowance for Loan Losses
|
|
|
Percent of
Loans in Each Category to
Total Loans
|
|
|
Allowance for Loan Losses
|
|
|
Percent of
Loans in Each Category to
Total Loans
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real Estate loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural
|
|
$
|
1,448
|
|
|
|
42.80
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,181
|
|
|
|
39.37
|
%
|
One- to four-family residential
|
|
|
580
|
|
|
|
21.90
|
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
|
25.15
|
|
Commercial and multi-family
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
|
12.05
|
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
|
12.30
|
|
Agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans
|
|
|
720
|
|
|
|
20.14
|
|
|
|
659
|
|
|
|
19.78
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
3.11
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
3.40
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
3,352
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
3,018
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
At December 31, 2013, our allowance for loan losses represented 2.67% of total loans, including loans held for sale, and 1,535% of non-performing loans, and at December 31, 2012, our allowance for loan losses represented 2.33% of total loans, including loans held for sale, and 1,692% of non-performing loans. The allowance for loan losses increased from $4.9 million at December 31, 2012 to $6.2 million at December 31, 2013, due to a provision for loan losses of $1.3 million and net charge-offs of $20,000 during 2013.
Although we believe that we use the best information available to establish the allowance for loan losses, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary and results of operations could be adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations. Furthermore, while we believe we have established our allowance for loan losses in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, regulators, in reviewing our loan portfolio, may request that we increase our allowance for loan losses. In addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, the existing allowance for loan losses may not be adequate and increases may be necessary should the quality of any loan deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed above. Any material increase in the allowance for loan losses may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Investment Activities
General
. The goals of our investment policy are to provide and maintain liquidity to meet deposit withdrawal and loan funding needs, to help mitigate our interest rate risk, and to generate a favorable return on idle funds within the context of our interest rate and credit risk objectives. In recent years, our strategy has been to reduce the maturities of our investment securities portfolio. Subject to loan demand and our interest rate risk analysis, we will increase the balance of our investment securities portfolio when we have excess liquidity.
Our board of directors is responsible for adopting our investment policy. The investment policy is reviewed annually by our ALCO/Executive Committee, which is comprised of our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Senior Vice President and our Chief Financial Officer, and any changes to the policy are recommended to and subject to the approval of the board of directors. Authority to make investments under the approved investment policy guidelines is delegated to our President and Chief Executive Officer, and his investment decisions are reviewed and approved by a majority of our ALCO/Executive Committee prior to the execution of any investment trade. All investment transactions are reviewed at regularly scheduled meetings of the board of directors.
Our current investment policy permits, with certain limitations, investments in securities issued by the United States Government and its agencies or government sponsored enterprises, agency-issued mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds and securities issued by counties, cities, school districts and other political subdivisions located in Nebraska and South Dakota, investments in bank-owned life insurance and collateralized mortgage obligations backed by agency mortgage-backed securities.
At December 31, 2013, we did not have an investment in the securities of any single non-government issuer that exceeded 10% of our equity at that date.
Our current investment policy does not permit investments in stripped mortgage-backed securities, complex securities and derivatives as defined in federal banking regulations and other high-risk securities. Our current policy does not permit hedging activities, such as engaging in futures, options or swap transactions, or investing in high-risk mortgage derivatives, such as collateralized mortgage obligation residual interests, real estate mortgage investment conduit residual interests or stripped mortgage backed securities.
At December 31, 2013, none of the collateral underlying our securities portfolio was considered subprime or Alt-A, and we did not hold any common or preferred stock issued by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae as of that date.
U.S. Treasury and Agency Debt Securities.
At December 31, 2013, the carrying value of our portfolio of United States Treasury, United States Government agency, and Government-sponsored enterprise securities totaled $9.7 million, and were all classified as available-for-sale. While these securities generally provide lower yields than other investments in our securities investment portfolio, we maintain these investments, to the extent appropriate for liquidity purposes, as collateral for borrowings and for prepayment protection.
Municipal Obligations.
At December 31, 2013, our municipal securities portfolio totaled $34.1 million and was comprised of bonds issued by counties, cities, school districts and other political subdivisions in Nebraska and South Dakota. At December 31, 2013, all of our municipal securities were classified as held to maturity. At this date, $23.0 million of these securities had maturities of more than 10 years.
We have purchased bank-qualified general obligation and revenue bonds of certain state and political subdivisions which provide interest income that is exempt from federal income taxation. Our investment policy permits purchases of these securities so long as they are rated in the top three investment grades, with maximum term to maturity of 25 years. During 2013, we continued to increase our municipal securities portfolio since these securities provide a stable source of tax-free income.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
. We hold common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka in connection with our borrowing activities totaling $1.5 million at December 31, 2013. The common stock of such entity is carried at cost and classified as restricted equity securities.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance
. We invest in bank-owned life insurance to provide us with a funding source for our benefit plan obligations. Bank-owned life insurance also generally provides us non-interest income that is non-taxable. At December 31, 2013, our balance of bank-owned life insurance totaled $4.8 million and was issued by five insurance companies.
Securities Portfolio Composition
. The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of our securities portfolio at the dates indicated. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities held to maturity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United State Treasury and agency debt securities
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
―
|
|
|
$
|
498
|
|
|
$
|
508
|
|
|
$
|
493
|
|
|
$
|
526
|
|
Municipal obligations
(1)
|
|
|
34,144
|
|
|
|
32,892
|
|
|
|
24,528
|
|
|
|
25,122
|
|
|
|
14,909
|
|
|
|
15,328
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total securities held to maturity
|
|
$
|
34,144
|
|
|
$
|
32,892
|
|
|
$
|
25,026
|
|
|
$
|
25,630
|
|
|
$
|
15,402
|
|
|
$
|
15,854
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities available for sale:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States Treasury and agency debt securities
|
|
|
9,789
|
|
|
|
9,719
|
|
|
|
8,586
|
|
|
|
8,982
|
|
|
|
9,878
|
|
|
|
10,228
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total securities available for sale
|
|
$
|
9,789
|
|
|
$
|
9,719
|
|
|
$
|
8,586
|
|
|
$
|
8,982
|
|
|
$
|
9,878
|
|
|
$
|
10,228
|
|
(1)
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, included $2.4 million and $2.3 million of taxable municipal bonds, respectively.
Portfolio Maturities and Yields.
The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2013 are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or early redemptions that may occur. Municipal securities yields have not been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis.
|
|
|
|
|
More than One Year through Five Years
|
|
|
More than Five Years through Ten Years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities held to maturity – Municipal
obligations
(1)
|
|
$
|
2,600
|
|
|
|
2.78
|
%
|
|
$
|
4,192
|
|
|
|
3.27
|
%
|
|
$
|
4,344
|
|
|
|
3.20
|
%
|
|
$
|
23,008
|
|
|
|
3.40
|
%
|
|
$
|
34,144
|
|
|
$
|
32,892
|
|
|
|
3.31
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities available for sale - U. S. Treasury and agency debt securities
|
|
$
|
500
|
|
|
|
4.54
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,780
|
|
|
|
3.99
|
%
|
|
$
|
4,956
|
|
|
|
1.97
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,553
|
|
|
|
1.33
|
%
|
|
$
|
9,789
|
|
|
$
|
9,719
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
%
|
(1)
At December 31, 2013, included $2.4 million of taxable municipal bonds.
Sources of Funds
General.
Deposits have traditionally been our primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities. We also use borrowings, primarily Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka advances and Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City borrowings, to supplement cash flow needs, lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk purposes and to manage the cost of funds. In addition, we receive funds from scheduled loan payments, investment maturities, loan prepayments, retained earnings and income on earning assets. While scheduled loan payments and income on earning assets are relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and competition. To a lesser extent, we may use Federal Funds Sold as funding sources.
Deposits.
Our deposits are generated primarily from residents within our primary market area. We offer a selection of deposit accounts, including non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing checking accounts, money market savings accounts and certificates of deposit.
Deposit account terms vary, with the principal differences being the minimum balance required, the amount of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate. We have not in the past nor presently have any brokered or internet deposits. However, dependent on our future needs, we could access these funding sources for liquidity purposes.
We will periodically promote a particular deposit product as part of our overall marketing plan. Deposit products have been promoted through various mediums, which include radio and newspaper advertisements. The emphasis of these campaigns is to increase consumer awareness and our market share. Additionally, we focus on deposit generation from our borrower customers both at the time of a loan origination and thereafter as we build our customer relationships.
Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies and market rates, liquidity requirements, rates paid by competitors and growth goals. We rely on personalized customer service, long-standing relationships with customers, and the favorable image of Madison County Bank in the community to attract and retain deposits.
The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in interest rates and competition. Our ability to attract deposits is affected by the competitive market in which we operate, which includes numerous financial institutions of varying sizes offering a wide range of products. We occasionally use promotional rates to meet asset/liability and market segment goals. Additionally, we historically experience significant increases in our deposits during the first calendar quarter of each year as a result of our farm customers receiving proceeds during this time from the sale of agricultural commodities.
The variety of deposit accounts offered allows us to be competitive in obtaining funds and responding to changes in consumer demand. Based on our experience, we believe that non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing checking and money market savings accounts may be somewhat more stable sources of deposits than certificates of deposits. Also, we believe that our deposits allow us a greater opportunity to interact with our customers and offer them other financial services and products. As a result, we have used marketing and other initiatives to increase such accounts. However, it can be difficult to attract and maintain such deposits at favorable interest rates under current market conditions.
The following table sets forth the distribution of total deposits by account type, for the periods indicated.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Deposit type:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest-bearing Checking
|
|
$
|
113,922
|
|
|
|
55.38
|
%
|
|
|
0.83
|
%
|
|
$
|
108,756
|
|
|
|
55.72
|
%
|
|
|
0.87
|
%
|
|
$
|
93,133
|
|
|
|
51.97
|
%
|
|
|
1.01
|
%
|
Non-interest-bearing Checking
|
|
|
19,932
|
|
|
|
9.69
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
17,167
|
|
|
|
8.79
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
15,633
|
|
|
|
8.72
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
Money Market Savings
(1)
|
|
|
45,504
|
|
|
|
22.12
|
|
|
|
0.59
|
|
|
|
40,989
|
|
|
|
21.00
|
|
|
|
0.61
|
|
|
|
34,997
|
|
|
|
19.53
|
|
|
|
0.81
|
|
Certificates of deposit
(2)
|
|
|
26,348
|
|
|
|
12.81
|
|
|
|
0.89
|
|
|
|
28,275
|
|
|
|
14.49
|
|
|
|
1.01
|
|
|
|
35,448
|
|
|
|
19.78
|
|
|
|
1.38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deposits
|
|
$
|
205,706
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.70
|
%
|
|
$
|
195.187
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.76
|
%
|
|
$
|
179,211
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.96
|
%
|
(1)
At December 31, 2013, includes $8.0 million in individual retirement accounts (IRAs).
(2)
At December 31, 2013, includes $2.2 million in individual retirement accounts (IRAs).
As of December 31, 2013, the aggregate amount of all our certificates of deposit in amounts greater than or equal to $100,000 was approximately $6.3 million. The following table sets forth the maturity of these certificates as of December 31, 2013.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months or less
|
|
$
|
1,322
|
|
Over three months through six months
|
|
|
1,261
|
|
Over six months through one year
|
|
|
1,634
|
|
Over one year to three years
|
|
|
1,655
|
|
Over three years
|
|
|
385
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
6,257
|
|
The following table sets forth all our certificates of deposit classified by interest rate as of the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.99% and below
|
|
$
|
25,174
|
|
|
$
|
26,652
|
|
|
$
|
31,988
|
|
2.00% to 2.99%
|
|
|
1,174
|
|
|
|
1,621
|
|
|
|
2,700
|
|
3.00% to 3.99%
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
4.00% to 4.99%
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
26,348
|
|
|
$
|
28,275
|
|
|
$
|
35,448
|
|
The following table sets forth, by interest rate ranges, information concerning our certificates of deposit.
|
|
At December 31, 2013
|
|
|
|
Period to Maturity
|
|
|
|
Less Than
or Equal to
One Year
|
|
|
More Than
One to
Two Years
|
|
|
More Than
Two to
Three Years
|
|
|
More Than
Three Years
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Percent of
Total
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Range:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.99% and below
|
|
$
|
18,643
|
|
|
$
|
4,398
|
|
|
$
|
1,148
|
|
|
$
|
985
|
|
|
$
|
25,174
|
|
|
|
95.54
|
%
|
2.00% to 2.99%
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
|
388
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
1,174
|
|
|
|
4.46
|
|
3.00% to 3.99%
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
―
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
19,429
|
|
|
$
|
4,786
|
|
|
$
|
1,148
|
|
|
$
|
985
|
|
|
$
|
26,348
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
Borrowings
.
Our borrowings consist primarily of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and, to a lesser extent, from the Bankers’ Bank of the West. At December 31, 2013, we had access to additional Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and Bankers’ Bank of the West advances of up to $42.4 million, $10.0 million and $24.7 million, respectively. To the extent such borrowings have different terms to repricing than our deposits, they can change our interest rate risk profile.
Historically our borrowings have increased during the fourth calendar quarter of each year in response to increased loan demand from our farm customers during the fall of each year, many of whom purchase their crop production supplies (seed, fertilizer, fuel and chemicals) for the ensuing year during this period. Generally, we will repay a portion of our borrowings during the first calendar quarter of each year as we experience significant increases in our deposits and significant repayments of agricultural loans of all kinds during the first quarter of each year as our farm customers receive proceeds during this time from the sale of agricultural commodities.
The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on our advances at the dates and for the periods indicated.
|
|
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
20,000
|
|
|
$
|
6,300
|
|
|
$
|
26,900
|
|
Average balance during period
|
|
$
|
6,923
|
|
|
$
|
7,479
|
|
|
$
|
19,818
|
|
Maximum outstanding at any month end
|
|
$
|
20,000
|
|
|
$
|
11,600
|
|
|
$
|
26,900
|
|
Weighted average interest rate at end of period
|
|
|
1.24
|
%
|
|
|
3.42
|
%
|
|
|
1.04
|
%
|
Weighted average interest rate during period
|
|
|
3.15
|
%
|
|
|
3.02
|
%
|
|
|
1.37
|
%
|
Personnel
As of December 31, 2013, we had 49 full-time equivalent employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. Management believes that we have a good working relationship with our employees.
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
General
Madison County Bank is supervised, regulated and examined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and is subject to examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which an institution may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund and depositors, and not for the protection of stockholders. Under this system of federal regulation, financial institutions are periodically examined to ensure that they satisfy applicable standards with respect to their capital adequacy, assets, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market interest rates. Madison County Bank also is a member of and owns stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka, which is one of the twelve regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System. Madison County Bank also is regulated to a lesser extent by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), governing reserves to be maintained against deposits and other matters. The OCC examines Madison County Bank and prepares reports for the consideration of its board of directors on any operating deficiencies. Madison County Bank’s relationship with its depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by federal law and, to a much lesser extent, state law, especially in matters concerning the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of Madison County Bank’s loan documents.
As a savings and loan holding company, Madison County Financial, Inc. is required to file certain reports with, is subject to examination by, and otherwise must comply with the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. Madison County Financial, Inc. is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws.
Certain of the regulatory requirements that are applicable to Madison County Bank and Madison County Financial, Inc. are described below. This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on Madison County Bank and Madison County Financial, Inc. Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by the FDIC, the OCC or Congress, could have a material adverse impact on Madison County Financial, Inc., Madison County Bank and their operations.
Dodd-Frank Act.
The Dodd-Frank Act has changed the bank regulatory structure and affected the lending, investment, trading and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies. The Dodd-Frank Act eliminated our former primary federal regulator, the Office of Thrift Supervision, and required the Bank to be regulated by the OCC (the primary federal regulator for national banks). The Dodd-Frank Act also authorizes the Federal Reserve Board to supervise and regulate all savings and loan holding companies like the Company, in addition to bank holding companies, which it regulates. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board’s regulations applicable to bank holding companies, including holding company capital requirements, apply to savings and loan holding companies like the Company, unless an exemption exists. These capital requirements are substantially similar to the capital requirements currently applicable to the Bank, as described in “ – Federal Banking Regulation – Capital Requirements.” The Dodd-Frank Act also requires the Federal Reserve Board to set minimum capital levels for bank holding companies that are as stringent as those required for the insured depository subsidiaries, and the components of Tier 1 capital are restricted to capital instruments that are currently considered to be Tier 1 capital for insured depository institutions. Bank holding companies with assets of less than $500 million are exempt from these capital requirements. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the proceeds of trust preferred securities are excluded from Tier 1 capital unless such securities were issued prior to May 19, 2010 by bank or savings and loan holding companies with less than $15 billion of assets. The legislation also establishes a floor for capital of insured depository institutions that cannot be lower than the standards in effect today, and directs the federal banking regulators to implement new leverage and capital requirements within 18 months that take into account off-balance sheet activities and other risks, including risks relating to securitized products and derivatives.
The Dodd-Frank Act also created a Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The CFPB has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions such as Madison County Bank, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The CFPB has examination and enforcement authority over all banks and savings institutions with more than $10 billion in assets. Banks and savings institutions with $10 billion or less in assets will be examined by their applicable bank regulators. The legislation also weakens the federal preemption available for national banks and federal savings associations, and gives state attorneys general the ability to enforce applicable federal consumer protection laws.
The legislation also broadens the base for FDIC insurance assessments. Assessments are based on the average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital of a financial institution. The Dodd-Frank Act also permanently increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance for banks, savings institutions and credit unions to $250,000 per depositor. Lastly, the Dodd-Frank Act will increase stockholder influence over boards of directors by requiring companies to give stockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments. The legislation also directs the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to bank holding company executives, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded or not.
Federal Banking Regulation
Business Activities.
A federal savings bank derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended, and the regulations of the OCC. Under these laws and regulations, Madison County Bank may invest in mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans, certain types of debt securities and certain other assets, subject to applicable limits. Madison County Bank also may establish subsidiaries that may engage in activities not otherwise permissible for Madison County Bank, including real estate investment and securities and insurance brokerage.
Capital Requirements.
Federal regulations require savings banks to meet three minimum capital standards: a 1.5% tangible capital ratio, a 4% leverage ratio (3% for savings banks receiving the highest rating on the CAMELS rating system) and an 8% risk-based capital ratio.
The risk-based capital standard for savings banks requires the maintenance of Tier 1 (core) and total capital (which is defined as core capital and supplementary capital) to risk-weighted assets of at least 4% and 8%, respectively. In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets, are multiplied by a risk-weight factor of 0% to 100%, assigned by the OCC, based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Core capital is defined as common stockholders’ equity (including retained earnings), certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles other than certain mortgage servicing rights and credit card relationships. The components of supplementary capital include cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, subordinated debt and intermediate preferred stock, the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Overall, the amount of supplementary capital included as part of total capital cannot exceed 100% of core capital. Additionally, a savings bank that retains credit risk in connection with an asset sale may be required to maintain additional regulatory capital because of the purchaser’s recourse against the savings bank. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the OCC takes into consideration not only these numeric factors but also qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual savings banks where necessary.
In July 2013, the OCC and the other federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule that will revise their leverage and risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with agreements that were reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule applies to all depository institutions, top-tier bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $500 million or more and top-tier savings and loan holding companies. Among other things, the rule establishes a new common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement (4.5% of risk-weighted assets), increases the minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets requirement (from 4% to 6% of risk-weighted assets) and assigns a higher risk weight (150%) to exposures that are more than 90 days past due or are on nonaccrual status and to certain commercial real estate facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property. The final rule also requires unrealized gains and losses on certain “available-for-sale” securities holdings
to be included for purposes of calculating regulatory capital requirements unless a one-time opt-in or opt-out is exercised. The rule limits a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. The final
rule becomes effective for the Bank on January 1, 2015. The capital conservation buffer requirement will be phased in beginning January 1, 2016 and ending January 1, 2019, when the full capital conservation buffer requirement will be effective.
At December 31, 2013, Madison County Bank’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements.
Loans-to-One Borrower.
Generally, a federal savings bank may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. An additional amount may be loaned, equal to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, which generally does not include real estate. As of December 31, 2013, Madison County Bank’s largest lending relationship with a single or related group of borrowers totaled $7.1 million, which represented 12.7% of unimpaired capital and surplus. Therefore, Madison County Bank was in compliance with the loans-to-one borrower limitations.
Qualified Thrift Lender Test.
We are required to satisfy a qualified thrift lender (“QTL”) test whereby we either must qualify as a “domestic building and loan” association as defined by the Internal Revenue Code or maintain at least 65% of our “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments.” “Qualified thrift investments” consist primarily of residential mortgages and related investments, including mortgage-backed and related securities. “Portfolio assets” generally means total assets less specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, goodwill and other intangible assets and the value of property used to conduct business. A savings institution that fails the QTL must operate under specified restrictions. The Dodd-Frank Act made noncompliance with the QTL test also subject to agency enforcement action for a violation of law. As of December 31, 2013, we maintained 99.2% of our portfolio assets in qualified thrift investments and, therefore, we met the QTL test.
Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action.
Under the federal Prompt Corrective Action statute, the OCC is required to take supervisory actions against undercapitalized savings institutions under its jurisdiction, the severity of which depends upon the institution’s level of capital. A savings institution that has total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8% or a leverage ratio or a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that generally is less than 4% is considered to be undercapitalized. A savings institution that has a total risk-based capital ratio less than 6%, a Tier 1 core risk-based capital ratio of less than 3% or a leverage ratio that is less than 3% is considered to be “significantly undercapitalized.” A savings institution that has a tangible capital to assets ratio equal to or less than 2% is deemed to be “critically undercapitalized.”
Generally, the OCC is required to appoint a receiver or conservator for a savings institution that is “critically undercapitalized” within specific time frames. The regulations also provide that a capital restoration plan must be filed with the OCC within 45 days of the date a savings institution receives notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Any holding company for the savings institution required to submit a capital restoration plan must guarantee the lesser of an amount equal to 5% of the savings institution’s assets at the time it was notified or deemed to be undercapitalized by the OCC, or the amount necessary to restore the savings institution to adequately capitalized status. This guarantee remains in place until the OCC notifies the savings institution that it has maintained adequately capitalized status for each of four consecutive calendar quarters, and the OCC has the authority to require payment and collect payment under the guarantee. Various restrictions, such as on capital distributions and growth, also apply to “undercapitalized” institutions. The OCC may also take any one of a number of discretionary supervisory actions against undercapitalized institutions, including the issuance of a capital directive and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.
The recently proposed rules that would increase regulatory capital requirements would adjust the prompt corrective action categories accordingly.
Capital Distributions.
Federal regulations restrict capital distributions by savings institutions, which include cash dividends, stock repurchases and other transactions charged to the capital account of a savings institution. A federal savings institution must file an application with the OCC for approval of the capital distribution if:
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the total capital distributions for the applicable calendar year exceeds the sum of the institution’s net income for that year to date plus the institution’s retained net income for the preceding two years;
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the institution would not be at least adequately capitalized following the distribution;
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the distribution would violate any applicable statute, regulation, agreement or written regulatory condition; or
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the institution is not eligible for expedited review of its filings (
i.e.
, generally, institutions that do not have safety and soundness, compliance and Community Reinvestment Act ratings in the top two categories or fail a capital requirement).
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A savings institution that is a subsidiary of a holding company, such as Madison County Bank, must file a notice with the Federal Reserve Board at least 30 days before the board of directors declares a dividend or approves a capital distribution.
Applications or notices may be denied if the institution will be undercapitalized after the dividend, the proposed dividend raises safety and soundness concerns or the proposed dividend would violate a law, regulation enforcement order or regulatory condition.
In the event that a savings institution’s capital falls below its regulatory requirements or it is notified by the regulatory agency that it is in need of more than normal supervision, its ability to make capital distributions would be restricted. In addition, any proposed capital distribution could be prohibited if the regulatory agency determines that the distribution would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.
Transactions with Related Parties.
A savings institution’s authority to engage in transactions with related parties or “affiliates” is limited by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and its implementing regulation, Federal Reserve Board Regulation W. The term “affiliate” generally means any company that controls or is under common control with an institution, including Madison County Financial, Inc. and its non-savings institution subsidiaries. Applicable law limits the aggregate amount of “covered” transactions with any individual affiliate, including loans to the affiliate, to 10% of the capital and surplus of the savings institution. The aggregate amount of covered transactions with all affiliates is limited to 20% of the savings institution’s capital and surplus. Certain covered transactions with affiliates, such as loans to or guarantees issued on behalf of affiliates, are required to be secured by specified amounts of collateral. Purchasing low quality assets from affiliates is generally prohibited. Regulation W also provides that transactions with affiliates, including covered transactions, must be on terms and under circumstances, including credit standards, that are substantially the same or at least as favorable to the institution as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-affiliated companies. In addition, savings institutions are prohibited by law from lending to any affiliate that is engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and no savings institution may purchase the securities of any affiliate other than a subsidiary.
Our authority to extend credit to executive officers, directors and 10% or greater shareholders (“insiders”), as well as entities controlled by these persons, is governed by Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and its implementing regulation, Federal Reserve Board Regulation O. Among other things, loans to insiders must be made on terms substantially the same as those offered to unaffiliated individuals and not involve more than the normal risk of repayment. There is an exception for bank-wide lending programs that do not discriminate in favor of insiders. Regulation O also places individual and aggregate limits on the amount of loans that may be made to insiders based, in part, on the institution’s capital position, and requires that certain prior board approval procedures be followed. Extensions of credit to executive officers are subject to additional restrictions on the types and amounts of loans that may be made. At December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with these regulations.
Enforcement.
The OCC has primary enforcement responsibility over federal savings institutions, including the authority to bring enforcement action against “institution-related parties,” including officers, directors, certain shareholders, and attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on an insured institution. Formal enforcement action may range from the issuance of a capital directive or cease and desist order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution, receivership, conservatorship or the termination of deposit insurance. Civil penalties cover a wide range of violations and actions, and range up to $25,000 per day, unless a finding of reckless disregard is made, in which case penalties may be as high as $1.0 million per day.
Insurance of Deposit Accounts.
The Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of the FDIC insures deposits at FDIC-insured depository institutions, such as the Bank. Deposit accounts in the Bank are insured by the FDIC, generally up to a maximum of $250,000 per separately insured depositor and up to a maximum of $250,000 for self-directed retirement accounts.
The FDIC charges insured depository institutions premiums to maintain the DIF. Under the FDIC’s risk-based assessment system, insured institutions are assigned to one of four risk categories based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels, and certain other risk factors. Rates are based on each institution’s risk category and certain specified risk adjustments. Stronger institutions pay lower rates while riskier institutions pay higher rates. Assessment rates range from 2.5 to 45 basis points of an institution’s total assets less tangible capital.
The Dodd-Frank Act increased the minimum target ratio for the DIF from 1.15% of estimated insured deposits to 1.35% of estimated insured deposits. The FDIC must seek to achieve the 1.35% ratio by September 30, 2020. Insured institutions with assets of $10 billion or more are supposed to fund the increase. The Dodd-Frank Act eliminated the 1.5% maximum fund ratio, instead leaving it to the discretion of the FDIC, and the FDIC has exercised that discretion by establishing a long-term fund ratio of 2%.
In addition to the FDIC assessments, the Financing Corporation (“FICO”) is authorized to impose and collect, with the approval of the FDIC, assessments for anticipated payments, issuance costs, and custodial fees on bonds issued by the FICO in the 1980s to recapitalize the former Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. The bonds issued by the FICO are due to mature in 2017 through 2019. For the quarter ended December 31, 2013, the annualized FICO assessment was equal to 64 basis points of an institution’s total assets less tangible capital.
Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order, or condition imposed by the FDIC. The Bank does not know of any practice, condition, or violation that could lead to termination of its deposit insurance.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Bank paid $14,000 related to the FICO bonds and $114,000 pertaining to deposit insurance assessments.
Federal Home Loan Bank System.
Madison County Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of 12 regional Federal Home Loan Banks. The Federal Home Loan Bank System provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka, we are required to acquire and hold a specified amount of shares of capital stock in Federal Home Loan Bank.
Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Laws
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Savings institutions have a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act and related regulations to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. An institution’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act could, at a minimum, result in regulatory restrictions on certain activities such as branching and acquisitions. Madison County Bank received a “Satisfactory” Community Reinvestment Act rating in its most recent examination.
Other Regulations.
Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by Madison County Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. Madison County Bank’s operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:
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Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;
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Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, requiring that borrowers for mortgage loans for one- to four-family residential real estate receive various disclosures, including good faith estimates of settlement costs, lender servicing and escrow account practices, and prohibiting certain practices that increase the cost of settlement services;
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Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;
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Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;
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Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;
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Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies;
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Truth in Savings Act; and
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Rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws.
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The operations of Madison County Bank also are subject to the:
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Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records;
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Electronic Funds Transfer Act, which governs automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services;
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Check Clearing for the 21
st
Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check;
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USA PATRIOT Act, which requires banks and savings institutions to, among other things, establish broadened anti-money laundering compliance programs and due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such required compliance programs are intended to supplement pre-existing compliance requirements that apply to financial institutions under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control regulations; and
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Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which places limitations on the sharing of consumer financial information by financial institutions with unaffiliated third parties, and requires all financial institutions offering products or services to retail customers to provide such customers with the financial institution’s privacy policy and allow such customers the opportunity to “opt out” of the sharing of certain personal financial information with unaffiliated third parties.
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Holding Company Regulation
General.
The Company is a non-diversified savings and loan holding company within the meaning of the Home Owners’ Loan Act. As such, the Company is registered with the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) and is subject to FRB regulations, examinations, supervision and reporting requirements. In addition, the FRB has enforcement authority over the Company and its non-depository subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the FRB to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary savings institution.
Permissible Activities
Under present law, the business activities of the Company are generally limited to those activities permissible for financial holding companies under Section 4(k) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or for multiple savings and loan holding companies. A financial holding company may engage in activities that are financial in nature, including underwriting equity securities and insurance as well as activities that are incidental to financial activities or complementary to a financial activity. A multiple savings and loan holding company is generally limited to activities permissible for bank holding companies under Section 4(c)(8) of the Bank Holding Company Act, subject to the prior approval of the FRB, and certain additional activities authorized by FRB regulations.
Federal law prohibits a savings and loan holding company, including the Company, directly or indirectly, or through one or more subsidiaries, from acquiring more than 5% of another savings institution or holding company thereof, without prior written approval of the FRB. It also prohibits the acquisition or retention of, with certain exceptions, more than 5% of a non-subsidiary company engaged in activities that are not closely related to banking or financial in nature, or acquiring or retaining control of an institution that is not federally insured. In evaluating applications by holding companies to acquire savings institutions, the FRB must consider the financial and managerial resources, future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on the risk to the DIF, the convenience and needs of the community, and competitive factors.
The FRB is prohibited from approving any acquisition that would result in a multiple savings and loan holding company controlling savings institutions in more than one state, subject to two exceptions:
(i)
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the approval of interstate supervisory acquisitions by savings and loan holding companies; and
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the acquisition of a savings institution in another state if the laws of the state of the target savings institution specifically permit such acquisition.
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The states vary in the extent to which they permit interstate savings and loan holding company acquisitions.
Capital
Savings and loan holding companies are not currently subject to specific regulatory capital requirements. The Dodd-Frank Act, however, requires the FRB to promulgate consolidated capital requirements for depository institution holding companies that are no less stringent, both quantitatively and in terms of components of capital, than those applicable to institutions themselves. Instruments such as cumulative preferred stock and trust preferred securities will no longer be includable as Tier 1 capital, which is currently permitted for bank holding companies. The final capital rule discussed above implements the consolidated capital requirements for savings and loan holding companies effective January 1, 2015, with the capital conservation buffer phased in between 2016 and 2019.
Source of Strength.
The Dodd-Frank Act extended the “source of strength” doctrine to savings and loan holding companies. The regulatory agencies must issue regulations requiring that all bank and savings and loan holding companies serve as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing capital, liquidity and other support in times of financial stress.
Dividends and Repurchases.
The FRB has issued a supervisory letter regarding the payment of dividends and the repurchase of shares of common stock by bank holding companies that it has made applicable to savings and loan holding companies as well. In general, the supervisory letter provides that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance provides for prior regulatory review of capital distributions in certain circumstances such as where the Company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the Company’s overall rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the Company’s capital needs and overall financial condition. The ability of a holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. The supervisory letter also provides for regulatory review prior to a holding company redeeming or repurchasing its stock in certain circumstances. These regulatory policies could affect the ability of the Company to pay dividends, repurchase shares of common stock, or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
Acquisition.
Under the Federal Change in Control Act, a notice must be submitted to the FRB if any person (including a company), or group acting in concert, seeks to acquire direct or indirect control of a savings and loan holding company. Under certain circumstances, such as where the company involved has securities registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a change of control may occur, and prior notice is required, upon the acquisition of 10% or more of the company’s outstanding voting stock, unless the FRB has found that the acquisition will not result in control of the company. That rebuttable presumption applies to the Company. A change in control is defined under federal law to occur upon the acquisition of 25% or more of the company’s outstanding voting stock. Under the Change in Control Act, the FRB generally has 60 days from the filing of a complete notice to act, taking into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition.
Federal Securities Laws
Our common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We are subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The JOBS Act, which became law on April 5, 2012, contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We chose to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
Additionally, we are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on the other reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company,” we choose to rely on such exemptions we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply for a period of five years following the completion of our initial public offering or until we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” whichever is earlier.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 addresses, among other issues, corporate governance, auditing and accounting, executive compensation, and enhanced and timely disclosure of corporate information. As directed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are required to certify that our quarterly and annual reports do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact. The rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have several requirements, including having these officers certify that: they are responsible for establishing, maintaining and regularly evaluating the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; they have made certain disclosures to our auditors and the audit committee of the board of directors about our internal control over financial reporting; and, they have included information in our quarterly and annual reports about their evaluation and whether there have been changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors that could materially affect internal control over financial reporting.
TAXATION
Federal Taxation
General.
Madison County Financial, Inc. and Madison County Bank are subject to federal income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal taxation is intended only to summarize material federal income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to Madison County Financial, Inc. and Madison County Bank
Method of Accounting
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For federal income tax purposes, Madison County Bank currently reports its income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and uses a tax year ending December 31st for filing its consolidated federal income tax returns. The Small Business Protection Act of 1996 eliminated the use of the reserve method of accounting for bad debt reserves by savings institutions, effective for taxable years beginning after 1995.
Minimum Tax.
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes an alternative minimum tax at a rate of 20% on a base of regular taxable income plus certain tax preferences, referred to as “alternative minimum taxable income.” The alternative minimum tax is payable to the extent alternative minimum taxable income is in excess of an exemption amount. Net operating losses can, in general, offset no more than 90% of alternative minimum taxable income. Certain payments of alternative minimum tax may be used as credits against regular tax liabilities in future years. At December 31, 2013, Madison County Bank had no minimum tax credit carryforward.
Corporate Dividends.
We may exclude from our income 100% of dividends received from Madison County Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.
Audit of Tax Returns.
Madison County Bank’s federal income tax returns have not been audited in the most recent five-year period.
State Taxation
Nebraska State Taxation.
Madison County Financial, Inc., and Madison County Bank are subject to Nebraska Taxation. Under Nebraska law, Madison County Bank pays a financial institution tax we classify as a franchise tax in lieu of a corporate income tax. The franchise tax is the lesser of two amounts computed based on our quarterly average deposits and net financial income, respectively. Presently, the tax is $0.47 per $1,000 of quarterly average deposits but not to exceed an amount determined by applying 3.81% to our net financial income. Net financial income is Madison County Bank’s income after ordinary and necessary expenses but before income taxes as reported to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. In addition, Madison County Financial, Inc. is required to file a Nebraska income tax return because we are doing business in Nebraska. For Nebraska tax purposes, corporations are presently taxed at a rate equal to 5.58% of the first $100,000 of taxable income and 7.81% of taxable income in excess of $100,000. For this purpose, “taxable income” generally means Federal taxable income, subject to certain adjustments (including addition of interest income on non-Nebraska municipal obligations and excluding interest income from qualified U.S. governmental obligations). For Nebraska tax return purposes taxable income on the return filed for Madison County Financial, Inc. is determined without regard to the taxable income of Madison County Bank as Madison County Bank files a separate Nebraska financial institution tax return.
Other applicable state taxes include generally applicable sales and use taxes plus real and personal property taxes. Madison County Bank’s state income tax returns have not been audited in recent years.
Availability of Annual Report on Form 10-K
This Annual Report on Form 10-K is available on our website at
www.madisoncountybank.com
. Information on the website is not incorporated into, and is not otherwise considered a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.