POCI Precision Optics Corporation Inc

Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

☒  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2024

 

or

 

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                     

 

Commission File Number: 001-10647

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Massachusetts	04-2795294
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

22 East Broadway, Gardner, Massachusetts 01440-3338

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

(978) 630-1800

(Registrants telephone number, including area code)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	POCI	Nasdaq

  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒		Smaller reporting company	☒
			Emerging growth company	☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

 

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at February 12, 2025, was 6,364,879 shares.

 

 

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

 

Table of Contents

 

	Page
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements	3
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024	3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	18
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	19
PART II OTHER INFORMATION	20
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	20
Item 1A. Risk Factors	20
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	20
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	20
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures (Not applicable)	20
Item 5. Other Information	20
Item 6. Exhibits	21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Financial Statements.

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

		December 31,				June 30,
		2024				2024
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	212,441			$	405,278
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $121,901 at December 31, 2024 and $118,872 at June 30, 2024			3,506,395				3,545,491
Inventories, net			3,847,827				2,868,100
Prepaid expenses			275,041				299,364
Total current assets			7,841,704				7,118,233
Fixed Assets:
Machinery and equipment			3,292,852				3,341,194
Leasehold improvements			823,191				810,914
Furniture and fixtures			506,660				416,425
Total fixed assets			4,622,703				4,568,533
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization			4,172,446				4,074,960
Net fixed assets			450,257				493,573
Operating lease right-to-use asset			101,946				189,999
Patents, net			292,474				286,559
Goodwill			8,824,210				8,824,210
Total other assets			9,218,630				9,300,768
TOTAL ASSETS		$	17,510,591			$	16,912,574
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Revolving line of credit		$	900,000			$	1,000,000
Current portion of capital lease obligation			36,622				41,113
Current maturities of long-term debt			427,763				276,928
Accounts payable			2,738,104				1,397,313
Contract liabilities			1,417,933				1,172,350
Accrued compensation and other			791,037				840,662
Operating lease liability			101,946				178,450
Total current liabilities			6,413,405				4,906,816
Capital lease obligation, net of current portion			9,270				27,369
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issuance costs			1,611,944				1,899,052
Operating lease liability, net of current portion			–				11,549
Total liabilities			8,034,619				6,844,786
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding – 6,355,534 shares at December 31, 2024 and 6,073,939 at June 30, 2024			63,555				60,739
Additional paid-in capital			62,883,729				61,197,433
Accumulated deficit			(53,471,312	)			(51,190,384	)
Total stockholders’ equity			9,475,972				10,067,788
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		$	17,510,591			$	16,912,574

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated interim financial statements.

 

 

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED

DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(UNAUDITED)

 

		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Revenues		$	4,526,907			$	4,824,289			$	8,723,960			$	9,145,544
Cost of Goods Sold			3,456,965				3,373,313				6,536,688				6,230,957
Gross Profit			1,069,942				1,450,976				2,187,272				2,914,587
Research and Development Expenses			317,747				221,728				718,406				434,486
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses			1,662,216				1,933,410				3,625,828				3,589,556
Total Operating Expenses			1,979,963				2,155,138				4,344,234				4,024,042
Operating Income (Loss)			(910,021	)			(704,162	)			(2,156,962	)			(1,109,455	)
Interest Expense			(59,660	)			(54,640	)			(123,966	)			(113,762	)
Net Income (Loss)		$	(969,681	)		$	(758,802	)		$	(2,280,928	)		$	(1,223,217	)
Income (Loss) Per Share:
Basic and Fully Diluted		$	(0.15	)		$	(0.13	)		$	(0.36	)		$	(0.20	)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic and Fully Diluted			6,350,403				6,066,572				6,283,516				6,066,545

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated interim financial statements.

 

 

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED

DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(UNAUDITED)

 

		Six Month Period Ended December 31, 2024
		Number of Shares				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital				Accumulated Deficit				Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, July 1, 2024			6,073,939			$	60,739			$	61,197,433			$	(51,190,384	)		$	10,067,788
Issuance of common stock in registered direct offering			265,868				2,659				1,201,883				–				1,204,542
Proceeds from exercise of stock option			10,363				104				26,896				–				27,000
Stock-based compensation			–				–				149,364				–				149,364
Net loss			–				–				–				(1,311,247	)			(1,311,247	)
Balance, September 30, 2024			6,350,170				63,502				62,575,576				(52,501,631	)			10,137,447
Stock-based compensation			–				–				278,206				–				278,206
Issuance of common stock for consulting services			5,364				53				29,947				–				30,000
Net loss			–				–				–				(969,681	)			(969,681	)
Balance, December 31, 2024			6,355,534			$	63,555			$	62,883,729			$	(53,471,312	)		$	9,475,972

 

 

 

		Six Month Period Ended December 31, 2023
		Number of Shares				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital				Accumulated Deficit				Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, July 1, 2023			6,066,518			$	60,665			$	60,224,934			$	(48,239,007	)		$	12,046,592
Stock-based compensation			–				–				108,746				–				108,746
Net loss			–				–				–				(464,415	)			(464,415	)
Balance, September 30, 2023			6,066,518				60,665				60,333,680				(48,703,422	)			11,690,923
Stock-based compensation			–				–				382,431				–				382,431
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options			1,000				10				2,690				–				2,700
Net loss			–				–				–				(758,802	)			(758,802	)
Balance, December 31, 2023			6,067,518			$	60,675			$	60,718,801			$	(49,462,224	)		$	11,317,252

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated interim financial statements.

 

 

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED

DECember 31, 2024 AND 2023

(UNAUDITED)

		Six Months Ended December 31,
		2024				2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income (Loss)		$	(2,280,928	)		$	(1,223,217	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in by operating activities -
Depreciation and amortization			97,486				104,261
Stock-based compensation expense			457,570				491,177
Non-cash interest expense			8,918				8,752
Changes in operating assets and liabilities -
Accounts receivable, net			39,096				395,863
Inventories, net			(979,727	)			(323,770	)
Prepaid expenses			24,323				15,560
Accounts payable			1,340,791				(756,522	)
Customer advances			245,583				(16,448	)
Accrued compensation and other			(58,543	)			(188,480	)
Net cash used in operating activities			(1,105,431	)			(1,492,824	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed assets			(54,170	)			(152,240	)
Additional patent costs			(5,915	)			(18,532	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(60,085	)			(170,772	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payments of capital lease obligations			(22,590	)			(21,282	)
Payments of long-term debt			(121,273	)			(256,630	)
Payments of debt issuance costs			(15,000	)			–
Payments on line of credit			(100,000	)			–
Gross proceeds from private placements of common stock			1,204,542				–
Gross proceeds from the exercise of stock options			27,000				2,700
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			972,679				(275,212	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents			(192,837	)			(1,938,808	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period			405,278				2,925,852
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		$	212,441			$	987,044

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated interim financial statements.

 

 

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

 

 

1.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Principles of Consolidation and Operations

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company, without audit, and reflect normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results of the first six months of the Company’s fiscal year 2025. These consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures associated with annual consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, should be read in conjunction with footnotes contained in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2024, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm filed under cover of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2024.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

Income (Loss) Per Share

 

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the number of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period such as stock options. For the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024, potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computations of weighted-average shares outstanding because such securities have an antidilutive impact due to the net loss reported during those periods. The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options that were excluded from the computation of fully dilutive weighted average shares outstanding was approximately 1,449,236 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024.

 

The following is the calculation of income (loss) per share for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Schedule of income (loss) per share
		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Net Income (Loss) Basic and Fully Diluted		$	(969,681	)		$	(758,802	)		$	(2,280,928	)		$	(1,223,217	)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
Basic and Fully Diluted			6,350,403				6,066,572				6,283,516				6,066,545
Income (Loss) Per Share – Basic and Fully Diluted		$	(0.15	)		$	(0.13	)		$	(0.36	)		$	(0.20	)

 

 

 

7

 

 

Significant Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its investments with highly rated financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on these investments to date.

 

The allowance for credit losses was $121,901 at December 31, 2024, and $773,256 at December 31, 2023.

Schedule of allowance; for credit losses
		Six Months Ended December 31,
		2024				2023
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period		$	118,872			$	606,715
Change in the provision for expected credit losses			10,668				166,541
Writeoffs charged against the allowance			(7,639	)			–
Allowance for credit losses, end of period		$	121,901			$	773,256

 

During the six months ended December 31, 2023, the Company increased the credit loss reserve to cover potential losses due to the non-payment of one engineering customer and subsequently wrote off the receivable against the reserve during the year ended June 30, 2024. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security as a condition of sale, rather it relies on credit approval, balance limitation and monitoring procedures to control credit risk in trade account financial instruments. Management believes the allowance for credit losses, which is established based upon review of specific account balances and historical experience, is adequate at December 31, 2024.

 

Income Taxes

 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

  

In assessing the likelihood of utilization of existing deferred tax assets, management has considered the historical results of operations and the current operating environment. Based on this evaluation, a full valuation reserve has been provided for the deferred tax assets.

 

Goodwill and Patents

 

Long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents are capitalized when acquired and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value of the asset may not be recoverable. Impairment of the carrying value of long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents would be indicated if the best estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset grouping is less than its carrying value. If an impairment is indicated, any loss is measured as the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value and is recognized in operating income or loss. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. No such impairments of goodwill or patents have been estimated by management as of December 31, 2024.

 

 

 

8

 

 

2.	INVENTORIES

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market and consisted of the following:

Schedule of inventories
		December 31, 2024				June 30, 2024
Raw Materials		$	2,288,616			$	1,570,135
Work-In-Progress			311,227				157,406
Finished Goods			1,247,934				1,140,559
Total Inventories (Net)		$	3,847,827			$	2,868,100

 

The inventory reserve was $322,065 and $266,843 at December 31, 2024 and June 2024, respectively.

 

 

3.	BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES

 

Bank Line of Credit

 

On October 4, 2021, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with Main Street Bank of Marlborough, Massachusetts, which provided for a $2,600,000 Term Loan and a $250,000 Revolving Line of Credit Loan Facility (the “Revolver”), which was increased to $500,000 effective May 17, 2022, and $1,250,000 effective June 2, 2023. Borrowings under the Revolver are limited by the borrowing base comprised of a percentage of accounts receivable and inventory and secured by all assets of the Company. Borrowings under the Revolver will bear interest payable monthly at the prime lending rate plus 1.5% per annum and shall not be less than 4.75% per annum. Borrowings under the Revolver are due upon demand. Borrowings under the Revolver at December 31, 2024 were $900,000, with $350,000 remaining available for use.

 

The Company’s Loan Agreement with the Lender contains a minimum annual debt service coverage ratio covenant of 1.2x. The Company did not meet this annual debt service coverage ratio for the fiscal year ended June 20, 2024. The Company’s Lender has agreed to waive compliance with such debt service ratio covenant for the period ending June 30, 2024. In addition to such waiver, the Lender and the Company have entered into an amendment dated September 30, 2024 to that certain Term Loan dated October 4, 2021, as amended and that certain Promissory Note dated June 2, 2023 (collectively, the “Notes”) which amendments provide for a six month period of interest only payments from October 15, 2024 through March 15, 2025 for the Notes. The Company will begin to pay principal and interest under the Notes beginning with the payments due on April 15, 2025, with a new amortization schedule for the remaining term for such Notes through their maturity date. There were no other changes to or modifications to the Loan Agreement or the Notes.

 

 

 

9

 

 

Long-Term Debt

 

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2024:

Schedule of long-term debt
		Amount
Term Loan Note payable to Main Street Bank with monthly principal payments of $35,173, excluding six months in Fiscal 2025, plus interest at a fixed rate of 7.0% per annum. Secured by all assets of the Company, and subject to certain periodic reporting to the bank and other conditions including an annual minimum EBITDA plus stock-based compensation to debt service coverage ratio of 1.20:1 commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. The Term Loan Note matures on October 15, 2028.		$	1,516,667
Permanent Working Capital Loan payable to Main Street Bank with monthly principal payments of $14,375, excluding six months in Fiscal 2025, plus interest at a fixed rate of 8.625% per annum. Secured by all assets of the Company, and subject to certain periodic reporting to the bank and other conditions including an annual minimum EBITDA plus stock-based compensation to debt service coverage ratio of 1.20:1 commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. The Permanent Working Capital Loan matures on June 15, 2028.			562,500
Less current maturities			(427,763	)
Less debt issuance and modification costs, net of accumulated amortization of $23,278			(39,460	)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issuance costs		$	1,611,944

 

At December 31, 2024 principal payments due on the Term Loan Notes payable are as follows:

Schedule of principal payments due on term loan note payable
Fiscal Year Ending June 30:
2025		$	148,644
2026			594,578
2027			594,578
2028			594,578
2029			146,789
Total long-term debt		$	2,079,167

 

 

4.	LEASE OBLIGATIONS

 

In March 2021 the Company entered into a five-year capital lease in the amount of $161,977 for manufacturing equipment. In January 2020, the Company entered into a five-year capital lease for $47,750 for manufacturing equipment. The net book value of fixed assets under capital lease obligations as of December 31, 2024 is $45,892.

  

On July 1, 2019, the Company entered into a three-year operating lease for its facility in El Paso, Texas, and in February 2022 extended the lease through June 2025. Remaining minimum lease payments at December 31, 2024 total $22,927. Total rent expense including base rent and common area expenses was $33,281 and $36,288 during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

 

 

10

 

 

On October 4, 2021, the Company assumed the remaining term of the Windham, Maine lease as part of the Lighthouse acquisition. The lease expires on July 31, 2025. Remaining minimum lease payments on December 31, 2024 total $79,019. Total rent expense including base rent and common area expenses was $68,864 during both the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Included in the accompanying balance sheet at December 31, 2024 is a right-of-use asset of $101,946 and current right-of-use operating lease liabilities of $101,946.

 

At December 31, 2024 future minimum lease payments under the capital lease and operating lease obligations are as follows:

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under capital lease and operating lease obligations
Fiscal Year Ending June 30:		Capital Leases				Operating Lease
2025		$	19,610			$	92,007
2026			28,028				11,477
Total Minimum Payments			47,638				103,484
Less: amount representing interest			1,746				1,538
Present value of minimum lease payments			45,892				101,946
Less: current portion			36,622				101,946
Lease Obligation, net of current portion		$	9,270			$	–

 

The Company’s four facilities in Gardner, Massachusetts, which are used for offices, production and storage spaces are leased primarily on a tenant-at-will basis. Rent expense on these operating leases was $102,540 and $97,581 for the six months ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

 

 

5.	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

 

Stock Options

 

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

 

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense
		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Cost of Goods Sold		$	39,226			$	21,876			$	78,452			$	44,502
Selling, General and Administrative			268,980				360,555				379,118				446,675
Stock Based Compensation Expense		$	308,206			$	382,431			$	457,570			$	491,177

 

No compensation has been capitalized because such amounts would have been immaterial.

 

 

 

11

 

 

The following tables summarize stock option activity for the six months ended December 31, 2024:

Schedule of stock option activity
			Options Outstanding
			Number of Shares				Weighted Average Exercise Price				Weighted Average Contractual Life
Outstanding at June 30, 2024			1,357,735			$	4.72				6.60 years
Granted			120,000				5.02				–
Exercised			(10,999	)			2.81				–
Cancelled, forfeited, or expired			(17,500	)			4.62				–
Outstanding at December 31, 2024			1,449,236			$	4.74				6.40 years

  

The aggregate intrinsic value of the Company’s in-the-money outstanding and exercisable options as of December 31, 2024 were $1,021,031 and $1,011,831, respectively.

 

 

6.	REVENUE RECOGNITION

 

The Company determines revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” or ASC 606, by performing the following five steps: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies the performance obligations. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within the contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct based on the contract.

 

The Company disaggregates revenues by product and service types as it believes best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenues are comprised of the following for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Schedule of disaggregation of revenues
		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Engineering Design Services		$	1,203,992			$	2,265,217			$	3,055,363			$	4,166,216
Optical Components			2,985,157				1,979,875				5,065,345				3,883,186
Medical Device Products and Assemblies			337,758				579,197				603,252				1,096,142
Technology Rights			–				–				–				–
Total Revenues		$	4,526,907			$	4,824,289			$	8,723,960			$	9,145,544

 

Other selling costs to obtain and fulfill contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short-term nature of a majority of contracts. The Company extends terms of payment to its customers based on commercially reasonable terms for the markets of its customers, while also considering their credit quality. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in revenue.

 

 

 

12

 

 

Revenue recognition policies for each of the four product and service types appear below.

 

Engineering Design Services

 

The Company enters into contractual agreements with its customers, including design services agreements, statements of work and receive purchase orders for development projects. These agreements provide costs on an estimated basis for the services the Company has agreed to provide. Engineering Design Services are rendered on a time and materials basis. The Company recognizes revenue as customers are invoiced for the actual engineering services provided in the period. Revenue is also recognized on materials purchased for development projects at the time of receipt. Engineering Design Services are provided on a best-efforts basis; no warranty is provided as there is no guarantee that the work will result in the attainment of the customer’s project objectives. The Company may obtain customer deposits in advance of rendering engineering design services. Customer deposits are treated as contractual liabilities until the terms of customer agreements are satisfied and are not a component of revenue.

 

Optical Components, Finished Products and Assemblies

 

The Company provides fixed price quotations to its customers and requires purchase orders for all purchased optical components, finished devices and assemblies. Revenue is recognized at the time title passes to the Company’s customers based on its review of the customer contract, generally at the time of shipment from its facilities. Occasionally the Company may enter into “bill and hold” contractual arrangements where title is held by its customers while goods are stored at our facilities for their convenience.

 

Technology Rights and Royalties

 

The Company may recognize revenue for the sale of technology rights and through the receipt of royalties obtained under a license of our intellectual property. These revenues are recognized in the period in which, in our judgment, they are earned and no longer contingent under the terms and conditions of the relevant customer contract.

 

Contract Assets and Liabilities

 

The nature of the Company’s products and services does not generally give rise to contract assets as it typically does not incur costs to fulfill a contract before a product or service is provided to a customer. The Company’s costs to obtain contracts are typically in the form of sales commissions paid to employees. The Company has elected to expense sales commissions associated with obtaining a contract as incurred as the amortization period is generally less than one year. These costs have been recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. As of December 31, 2024, there were no contract assets recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

  

The Company’s contract liabilities arise from unearned revenue received from customers at inception of contracts or where the timing of billing for services precedes satisfaction of our performance obligations. The Company generally satisfies performance obligations within one year from the contract’s inception date.

  

Contract liabilities, which are recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, and unearned revenue are comprised of the following:

Schedule of contract liabilities
		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Contract liabilities, beginning of period		$	1,106,546			$	1,424,983			$	1,172,350			$	1,174,690
Unearned revenue received from customers			361,711				272,572				833,328				705,691
Revenue recognized			(50,324	)			(539,313	)			(587,745	)			(722,139	)
Contract liabilities, end of period		$	1,417,933			$	1,158,242			$	1,417,933			$	1,158,242

 

 

 

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 and with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2024 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2024.

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. When used in this report, the words anticipate, suggest, estimate, plan, project, continue, ongoing, potential, expect, predict, believe, intend, may, will, should, could, would and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks described in this report, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024 and other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, they relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

 

Overview

 

We have been a developer and manufacturer of advanced optical instruments since 1982. Our proprietary medical instrumentation line, unique custom design and manufacturing capabilities, and expert engineering and development has generated traditional proprietary endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other custom imaging and illumination products for our customers’ use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. We design and manufacture 3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision lenses, assemblies and complete medical devices to meet the surgical community’s continuing demand for smaller, disposable, and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery. 

 

Effective June 1, 2019 we acquired the operating assets of Ross Optical Industries, Inc. of El Paso, Texas. As Ross Optical Industries we also operate as a supplier of custom optical components and assemblies for military and defense, medical and various other industrial applications. All products sold by us under the Ross Optical name include a custom or catalog optic, which is sourced through our extensive domestic and worldwide network of optical fabrication suppliers. Most systems make use of optical lenses, prisms, mirrors and windows and range from individual optical components to complex mechano-optical assemblies. Products often include thin film optical coatings that are applied using our in-house coating department.

 

Effective October 1, 2021 we acquired the operating assets of Lighthouse Imaging, LLC of Windham, Maine. Our Lighthouse Imaging division supplements our operations as a manufacturer of advanced optical imaging systems and accessories and has provided further expertise in electrical engineering and development of end-to-end medical visualization devices. Product development competencies at Lighthouse Imaging include Systems, Optical, Mechanical, Electrical and Process Development Engineering. Since the purchase we have integrated these acquired engineering and operational capabilities to provide an expanded, unified offering to our customers. Our product development team has extensive experience developing visualization systems that are used in a variety of clinical applications. Lighthouse Imaging is an industry leader in chip-on-tip visualization systems.

 

The markets in which we do business are highly competitive and include both foreign and domestic competitors. Many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we do. Furthermore, other domestic or foreign companies, some with greater financial resources than we have, may seek to produce products or services that compete with ours. Over the years we have developed extensive experience collaborating with other optical specialists worldwide.

 

 

 

 

The markets for our products have increasingly been driven by the demand for smaller and more enhanced imaging systems by the needs of the surgical community, including applications for the brain, eye, ear, urology, cardiology/angiography and the spine. We market directly to established medical device companies primarily in the United States that we believe could benefit from our advanced endoscopy visualization systems. Through this direct marketing, referrals, attendance at trade shows and a presence in online professional association websites, we have expanded our on-going pipeline of projects to significant medical device companies as well as well-funded emerging technology companies. We expect our customer pipeline to continue to expand as development projects transition to production orders and new customer projects enter the development phase. Our Ross Optical division markets through existing customers and trade shows, in addition to proactive online marketing strategies executed primarily through its website.

 

We produce micro-precision optics, which are millimeter-sized and smaller cameras with low manufacturing costs. The small size provides visualization for new procedures in new parts of the body and for existing procedures that are currently performed blind or with sub-optimal imaging, facilitating the development of new surgical procedures that are currently impractical. We use patented and patent-pending approaches to fabricating opto-mechanical and opto-electronic systems. We have developed and helped commercialize applications for numerous customers in the medical device and defense/aerospace industries.

 

We believe that our future success depends to a large degree on our ability to develop new optical products and services to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture of existing products. Competition among medical device companies is increasing with multiple companies now pursuing less expensive, procedure specific robotic systems. We expect to continue to seek and obtain product-related design and development contracts with customers and to selectively invest our own funds on research and development, particularly in the areas of Microprecision^TM optics, micro medical cameras, illumination, single-use endoscopes, and 3D endoscopes. We are one of only a handful of companies in the world to design and provide 3D endoscopes. By designing systems with low manufacturing costs, we have also begun to penetrate the single-use endoscope market. Single-use endoscopes virtually eliminate the potential for patient cross-contamination and support a number of additional operational benefits for hospitals and surgeons. We estimate this segment of the overall minimally invasive surgical market is growing at two to three times the rate of the overall market.

 

Current sales and marketing activities are intended to broaden awareness of the benefits of our new technology platforms and our successful application of these new technologies to medical device projects requiring surgery-grade visualization from millimeter sized devices and 3D endoscopy, including single-use products and assemblies.

 

We are registered to the ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 13485:2016 Quality Standards and comply with the FDA Good Manufacturing Practices.

 

Our websites are www.poci.com, www.rossoptical.com, and www.lighthouseoptics.com. The information contained on our websites does not constitute part of this report.

 

General

 

This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material.

 

 

 

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies as disclosed in the Notes to our Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2024.

 

Results of Operations

 

Revenue

 

		Three Months Ended December 31,
		2024				Percent of Sales				2023				Percent of Sales				Increase (Decrease)				Percent Change
Engineering Design Services		$	1,203,992				26.6			$	2,265,217				47.0			$	(1,061,225	)			(46.8	)
Optical Components			2,985,157				65.9				1,979,875				41.0				1,005,282				50.8
Finished Products and Assemblies			337,758				7.5				579,197				12.0				(241,439	)			(41.7	)
Total Revenues		$	4,526,907				100.0			$	4,824,289				100.0			$	(297,382	)			(6.2	)

 

		Six Months
		Ended December 31,
		2024				Percent of Sales				2023				Percent of Sales				Increase (Decrease)				Percent Change
Engineering Design Services		$	3,055,363				35.0			$	4,166,216				45.6			$	(1,110,853	)			(26.7	)
Optical Components			5,065,345				58.1				3,883,186				42.4				1,182,159				30.4
Finished Products and Assemblies			603,252				6.9				1,096,142				12.0				(492,890	)			(45.0	)
Total Revenues		$	8,723,960				100.0			$	9,145,544				100.0			$	(421,584	)			(4.6	)

 

Total revenues for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 were $4,526,907, as compared to $4,824,289 for the same period in the prior year, a decrease of $297,382 or 6.2% and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $8,723,960 as compared to $9,145,544 for the same period in the prior year, a decrease of $421,584, or 4.6%.

 

Revenue from Engineering Design Services decreased 46.8% and 26.7% during the three- and six-month periods ending December 31, 2024 from the same periods in the prior fiscal year. Revenue decreases in the engineering category resulted from decreased demand for services, increases in internal research and development, and delays related to milestone completion. Engineering demand was reduced in the quarter by customer design engagements completing the transition into the manufacture of new Finished Products and Assemblies.

 

Revenue from Optical Components increased 50.8% and 30.4% during the three- and six-month periods ending December 31, 2024 from the same periods in the prior fiscal year due to the introduction of new defense/aerospace and medical device programs.

 

Revenue from Finished Products and Assemblies decreased 41.7% and 45.0% during the three- and six-month periods ending December 31, 2024 from the same periods in the prior fiscal year. The decreases in Finished Products and Assemblies were attributable to lower demand for certain production programs and the timing of order fulfillment.

 

 

 

 

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross margin decreased to 23.6% during the quarter ending December 31, 2024, compared to 30.1% for the quarter ending December 31, 2023. Gross profit decreased to $1,069,942 during the three months ending December 31, 2024, compared to $1,450,976 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily driven by changes in the product sales mix and the decreases in revenue discussed above.

 

Gross margin decreased to 25.1% during the six months ending December 31, 2024, compared to 31.9% for the six months ending December 31, 2023. Gross profit decreased to $2,187,272 during the six months ending December 31, 2024, compared to $,2,914,587 for the six months ending December 31, 2023.

 

Research & Development

 

R&D expenses increased $96,019 to $317,747 during the quarter ending December 31, 2024, compared to $221,728 during the quarter ending December 31, 2023. R&D expenses increased $283,920 to $718,406 during the six months ending December 31, 2024, compared to $434,486 during the six months end December 31, 2023. R&D expenses for the period represent employee-related expenses to support product improvements, the development of new technologies and standardized approaches to address the opportunities for an evolving single-use medical device environment.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses 

 

SG&A expenses decreased $271,194, or 14.0% to $1,662,216 during the three months ending December 31, 2024, compared to $1,933,411 during the three months ending December 31, 2023. The decrease in SG&A for the three-month period was primarily due to lower bad debt expense and lower stock-based compensation. SG&A expenses increased $36,272, or 1.0% to $3,625,828 during the six months ending December 31, 2024, compared to $3,589,556 during the six months ended December 31, 2023.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Based on our current plans and business conditions, management believes that the Company’s available cash and cash equivalents, the cash generated from operations, availability on our line of credit, and our ability to raise funds in the capital markets will be sufficient to provide for the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months from the date of this filing. However, our cash on hand and cash generated solely from operations may be insufficient to meet working capital needs for such period and we may be required to raise external financing in the short-term.

 

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

 

During the six months ending December 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities totaled $1,105,431 as compared to $1,492,824 during the six months ending December 31, 2023. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to increased accounts payable and customer advances during the six months ending December 31, 2024, partially offset by the increase in net loss and inventory during such period.

 

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

 

During the six months ending December 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $60,085, consisting of purchases of property and equipment and patent costs. During the six months ending December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $170,772, consisting of purchases of property and equipment and patent costs.

 

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

 

During the six months ending December 31, 2024, we made payments of $158,863 on term notes and capital leases and repaid $100,000 on our revolving line of credit. We raised a net of $1,204,542 through the issuance of new shares in a registered direct common stock offering and $27,000 in proceeds from stock option exercises. During the six months ending December 31, 2023, we made payments of $277,912 on term notes and capital leases offset by proceeds on stock exercises of $2,700.

 

 

 

 

Indebtedness

 

In October 2021 we entered a $2,600,000 term loan with a commercial bank. In June 2023 we added a second term loan in the amount of $750,000. We secured a $250,000 line of credit from the same bank in October 2021 for working capital needs, which was increased to $500,000 in May 2022 and to $1,250,000 in June 2023. There were $900,000 in borrowings outstanding on the line of credit on December 31, 2024 and additional availability in the amount of $350,000.

 

Our loan agreement contains a minimum annual debt service coverage ratio covenant of 1.2x. We did not meet this annual debt service coverage ratio as of June 30, 2024. Our lender has agreed to waive compliance with the debt service ratio covenant for the period ending June 30, 2024. In addition to the waiver, we have entered into amendments dated September 30, 2024 with our lender to both term loans which provide for a six-month period of interest only payments from October 15, 2024 through March 15, 2025. We will begin to pay principal and interest under the Notes beginning with the payments due on April 15, 2025, with a new amortization schedule for the remaining term for such Notes through their maturity date. There were no other changes to or modifications to the Loan Agreement or the Notes.

 

On August 14. 2024 we entered into securities purchase agreements with institutional and accredited investors in addition to certain directors and officers of the Company for the purchase and sale of 265,868 shares of the Company’s common stock resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $1.4 million before deducting placement agent commissions and other estimated offering expenses. Net proceeds were $1,204,542.

 

Capital equipment expenditures and additional patent costs during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and in the same period in the prior year were $60,085 and $170,772, respectively.

 

Contractual cash commitments for the fiscal periods subsequent to December 31, 2024, are summarized as follows:

 

		Fiscal 2025				Thereafter				Total
Capital lease for equipment, including interest		$	19,610			$	28,028			$	47,638
Minimum operating lease payments		$	92,007			$	11,477			$	103,484

 

We have contractual cash commitments related to open purchase orders as of December 31, 2024 of approximately $5,807,000.

  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

 

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

 

 

 

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

 

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our Chief Executive Officer, who is our principal executive officer, and our Chief Financial Officer, who is our principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, including internal control over financial reporting, were effective as of September 30, 2024, to ensure the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (i) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures are intended to be designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management.

 

Material Weaknesses Previously Identified and Remediation Status

 

As disclosed in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024, we did not properly value our raw material and work-in-process inventory resulting in an overstatement of inventory and an understatement of cost of goods sold in the amount of $320,000. We used a manually updated spreadsheet to maintain our records of quantities and costs in inventory, prior to transitioning to a new ERP system. The new ERP system was not properly updated to reflect current costs, and proper units of measure for certain items in inventory. During the period ending September 30, 2024, we conducted a thorough review of inventory item costs, updating incorrect item costs and units of measure in the new ERP system, established a methodology and now continually monitor changes in costs through an analysis of purchase price variances and customer margin analysis.

 

Additionally, we realized during the preparation of the financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 that we did not properly expense certain research and development costs totaling $147,000 which was corrected prior to the filing of our financial statements on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. We erroneously believed certain research and development costs were allowed to be capitalized under GAAP. The remediation of this material weakness was completed effective September 30, 2024.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Except for the material weaknesses and remediation discussed above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

 

Our Company, on occasion, may be involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. While management believes that such matters are currently insignificant, matters arising in the ordinary course of business for which we are or could become involved in litigation may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us or our officers and directors in their capacity as such that could have a material impact on our operations or finances.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

 

For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, refer to the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

 

None

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 5. Other Information.

 

During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Item 6. Exhibits.

 

Exhibit		Description
31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*		Certification of Officers pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

 

*

Filed Herewith.

 

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

	PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.
Date: February 13, 2025	By:	/s/ Joseph N. Forkey
		Joseph N. Forkey
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: February 13, 2025	By:	/s/ Wayne M. Coll
		Wayne M. Coll
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

 

I, Joseph N. Forkey, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. for the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

	By:	/s/ Joseph N. Forkey
Date: February 13, 2025		Joseph N. Forkey
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

Exhibit 31.2

   

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

 

I, Wayne M. Coll, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. for the quarter ended December 31, 2024;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

	By:	/s/ Wayne M. Coll
Date: February 13, 2025		Wayne M. Coll
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 

 

 

Exhibit 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF OFFICERS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

 

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officers of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (the “Company”), do hereby certify, to such officers’ knowledge, that:

 

The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-Q”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: February 13, 2025	By:	/s/ Joseph N. Forkey
		Joseph N. Forkey
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: February 13, 2025	By:	/s/ Wayne M. Coll
		Wayne M. Coll
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and will be retained by Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

v3.25.0.1

Cover - shares	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Feb. 12, 2025
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--06-30
Entity File Number	001-10647
Entity Registrant Name	PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0000867840
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-2795294
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MA
Entity Address, Address Line One	22 East Broadway
Entity Address, City or Town	Gardner
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	01440-3338
City Area Code	978
Local Phone Number	630-1800
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	POCI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		6,364,879

v3.25.0.1

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 212,441	$ 405,278
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $121,901 at December 31, 2024 and $118,872 at June 30, 2024	3,506,395	3,545,491
Inventories, net	3,847,827	2,868,100
Prepaid expenses	275,041	299,364
Total current assets	7,841,704	7,118,233
Fixed Assets:
Machinery and equipment	3,292,852	3,341,194
Leasehold improvements	823,191	810,914
Furniture and fixtures	506,660	416,425
Total fixed assets	4,622,703	4,568,533
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	4,172,446	4,074,960
Net fixed assets	450,257	493,573
Operating lease right-to-use asset	101,946	189,999
Patents, net	292,474	286,559
Goodwill	8,824,210	8,824,210
Total other assets	9,218,630	9,300,768
TOTAL ASSETS	17,510,591	16,912,574
Current Liabilities:
Revolving line of credit	900,000	1,000,000
Current portion of capital lease obligation	36,622	41,113
Current maturities of long-term debt	427,763	276,928
Accounts payable	2,738,104	1,397,313
Contract liabilities	1,417,933	1,172,350
Accrued compensation and other	791,037	840,662
Operating lease liability	101,946	178,450
Total current liabilities	6,413,405	4,906,816
Capital lease obligation, net of current portion	9,270	27,369
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issuance costs	1,611,944	1,899,052
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	0	11,549
Total liabilities	8,034,619	6,844,786
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding – 6,355,534 shares at December 31, 2024 and 6,073,939 at June 30, 2024	63,555	60,739
Additional paid-in capital	62,883,729	61,197,433
Accumulated deficit	(53,471,312)	(51,190,384)
Total stockholders’ equity	9,475,972	10,067,788
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$ 17,510,591	$ 16,912,574

v3.25.0.1

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses	$ 121,901	$ 118,872
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	6,355,534	6,073,939
Common stock, shares outstanding	6,355,534	6,073,939

v3.25.0.1

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 4,526,907	$ 4,824,289	$ 8,723,960	$ 9,145,544
Cost of Goods Sold	3,456,965	3,373,313	6,536,688	6,230,957
Gross Profit	1,069,942	1,450,976	2,187,272	2,914,587
Research and Development Expenses	317,747	221,728	718,406	434,486
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses	1,662,216	1,933,410	3,625,828	3,589,556
Total Operating Expenses	1,979,963	2,155,138	4,344,234	4,024,042
Operating Income (Loss)	(910,021)	(704,162)	(2,156,962)	(1,109,455)
Interest Expense	(59,660)	(54,640)	(123,966)	(113,762)
Net Income (Loss)	$ (969,681)	$ (758,802)	$ (2,280,928)	$ (1,223,217)
Income (Loss) Per Share:
Income Loss Per Share, Basic	$ (0.15)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.36)	$ (0.20)
Income Loss Per Share, Fully diluted	$ (0.15)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.36)	$ (0.20)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, Basic	6,350,403	6,066,572	6,283,516	6,066,545
Weighted average common shares outstanding, Fully diluted	6,350,403	6,066,572	6,283,516	6,066,545

v3.25.0.1

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Beginning balance, value at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 60,665	$ 60,224,934	$ (48,239,007)	$ 12,046,592
Beginning balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023	6,066,518
Stock-based compensation		108,746		108,746
Net loss			(464,415)	(464,415)
Ending balance, value at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 60,665	60,333,680	(48,703,422)	11,690,923
Ending balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	6,066,518
Beginning balance, value at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 60,665	60,224,934	(48,239,007)	12,046,592
Beginning balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023	6,066,518
Net loss				(1,223,217)
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 60,675	60,718,801	(49,462,224)	11,317,252
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023	6,067,518
Beginning balance, value at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 60,665	60,333,680	(48,703,422)	11,690,923
Beginning balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	6,066,518
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	$ 10	2,690		2,700
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options, shares	1,000
Stock-based compensation		382,431		382,431
Net loss			(758,802)	(758,802)
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 60,675	60,718,801	(49,462,224)	11,317,252
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023	6,067,518
Beginning balance, value at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 60,739	61,197,433	(51,190,384)	10,067,788
Beginning balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2024	6,073,939
Issuance of common stock in registered direct offering	$ 2,659	1,201,883		1,204,542
Issuance of common stock in registered direct offering, shares	265,868
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	$ 104	26,896		27,000
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options, shares	10,363
Stock-based compensation		149,364		149,364
Net loss			(1,311,247)	(1,311,247)
Ending balance, value at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 63,502	62,575,576	(52,501,631)	10,137,447
Ending balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2024	6,350,170
Beginning balance, value at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 60,739	61,197,433	(51,190,384)	10,067,788
Beginning balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2024	6,073,939
Net loss				(2,280,928)
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 63,555	62,883,729	(53,471,312)	9,475,972
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2024	6,355,534
Beginning balance, value at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 63,502	62,575,576	(52,501,631)	10,137,447
Beginning balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2024	6,350,170
Stock-based compensation		278,206		278,206
Issuance of common stock for consulting services	$ 53	29,947		30,000
Issuance of common stock for consulting services, shares	5,364
Net loss			(969,681)	(969,681)
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 63,555	$ 62,883,729	$ (53,471,312)	$ 9,475,972
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2024	6,355,534

v3.25.0.1

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income (Loss)	$ (2,280,928)	$ (1,223,217)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in by operating activities -
Depreciation and amortization	97,486	104,261
Stock-based compensation expense	457,570	491,177
Non-cash interest expense	8,918	8,752
Changes in operating assets and liabilities -
Accounts receivable, net	39,096	395,863
Inventories, net	(979,727)	(323,770)
Prepaid expenses	24,323	15,560
Accounts payable	1,340,791	(756,522)
Customer advances	245,583	(16,448)
Accrued compensation and other	(58,543)	(188,480)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,105,431)	(1,492,824)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed assets	(54,170)	(152,240)
Additional patent costs	(5,915)	(18,532)
Net cash used in investing activities	(60,085)	(170,772)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payments of capital lease obligations	(22,590)	(21,282)
Payments of long-term debt	(121,273)	(256,630)
Payments of debt issuance costs	(15,000)	0
Payments on line of credit	(100,000)	0
Gross proceeds from private placements of common stock	1,204,542	0
Gross proceeds from the exercise of stock options	27,000	2,700
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	972,679	(275,212)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(192,837)	(1,938,808)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	405,278	2,925,852
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 212,441	$ 987,044

v3.25.0.1

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]
Net Income (Loss)	$ (969,681)	$ (1,311,247)	$ (758,802)	$ (464,415)	$ (2,280,928)	$ (1,223,217)

v3.25.0.1

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

v3.25.0.1

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES   Principles of Consolidation and Operations   The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.   These consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company, without audit, and reflect normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results of the first six months of the Company’s fiscal year 2025. These consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures associated with annual consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, should be read in conjunction with footnotes contained in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2024, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm filed under cover of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2024.   Use of Estimates   The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.   Income (Loss) Per Share   Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the number of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period such as stock options. For the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024, potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computations of weighted-average shares outstanding because such securities have an antidilutive impact due to the net loss reported during those periods. The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options that were excluded from the computation of fully dilutive weighted average shares outstanding was approximately 1,449,236 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024.   The following is the calculation of income (loss) per share for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of income (loss) per share                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Net Income (Loss) Basic and Fully Diluted   $ (969,681 )   $ (758,802 )   $ (2,280,928 )   $ (1,223,217 )                                   Weighted Average Shares Outstanding                                 Basic and Fully Diluted     6,350,403       6,066,572       6,283,516       6,066,545                                     Income (Loss) Per Share – Basic and Fully Diluted   $ (0.15 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.36 )   $ (0.20 )   Significant Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk   Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its investments with highly rated financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on these investments to date.   The allowance for credit losses was $121,901 at December 31, 2024, and $773,256 at December 31, 2023. Schedule of allowance; for credit losses             Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period   $ 118,872     $ 606,715   Change in the provision for expected credit losses     10,668       166,541   Writeoffs charged against the allowance     (7,639 )     –   Allowance for credit losses, end of period   $ 121,901     $ 773,256     During the six months ended December 31, 2023, the Company increased the credit loss reserve to cover potential losses due to the non-payment of one engineering customer and subsequently wrote off the receivable against the reserve during the year ended June 30, 2024. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security as a condition of sale, rather it relies on credit approval, balance limitation and monitoring procedures to control credit risk in trade account financial instruments. Management believes the allowance for credit losses, which is established based upon review of specific account balances and historical experience, is adequate at December 31, 2024.   Income Taxes   Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.    In assessing the likelihood of utilization of existing deferred tax assets, management has considered the historical results of operations and the current operating environment. Based on this evaluation, a full valuation reserve has been provided for the deferred tax assets.   Goodwill and Patents   Long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents are capitalized when acquired and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value of the asset may not be recoverable. Impairment of the carrying value of long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents would be indicated if the best estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset grouping is less than its carrying value. If an impairment is indicated, any loss is measured as the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value and is recognized in operating income or loss. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. No such impairments of goodwill or patents have been estimated by management as of December 31, 2024.

v3.25.0.1

INVENTORIES	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
INVENTORIES	2. INVENTORIES   Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market and consisted of the following: Schedule of inventories             December 31, 2024   June 30, 2024 Raw Materials   $ 2,288,616     $ 1,570,135   Work-In-Progress     311,227       157,406   Finished Goods     1,247,934       1,140,559   Total Inventories (Net)   $ 3,847,827     $ 2,868,100     The inventory reserve was $322,065 and $266,843 at December 31, 2024 and June 2024, respectively.

v3.25.0.1

BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES	3. BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES   Bank Line of Credit   On October 4, 2021, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with Main Street Bank of Marlborough, Massachusetts, which provided for a $2,600,000 Term Loan and a $250,000 Revolving Line of Credit Loan Facility (the “Revolver”), which was increased to $500,000 effective May 17, 2022, and $1,250,000 effective June 2, 2023. Borrowings under the Revolver are limited by the borrowing base comprised of a percentage of accounts receivable and inventory and secured by all assets of the Company. Borrowings under the Revolver will bear interest payable monthly at the prime lending rate plus 1.5% per annum and shall not be less than 4.75% per annum. Borrowings under the Revolver are due upon demand. Borrowings under the Revolver at December 31, 2024 were $900,000, with $350,000 remaining available for use.   The Company’s Loan Agreement with the Lender contains a minimum annual debt service coverage ratio covenant of 1.2x. The Company did not meet this annual debt service coverage ratio for the fiscal year ended June 20, 2024. The Company’s Lender has agreed to waive compliance with such debt service ratio covenant for the period ending June 30, 2024. In addition to such waiver, the Lender and the Company have entered into an amendment dated September 30, 2024 to that certain Term Loan dated October 4, 2021, as amended and that certain Promissory Note dated June 2, 2023 (collectively, the “Notes”) which amendments provide for a six month period of interest only payments from October 15, 2024 through March 15, 2025 for the Notes. The Company will begin to pay principal and interest under the Notes beginning with the payments due on April 15, 2025, with a new amortization schedule for the remaining term for such Notes through their maturity date. There were no other changes to or modifications to the Loan Agreement or the Notes.   Long-Term Debt   Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2024: Schedule of long-term debt         Amount Term Loan Note payable to Main Street Bank with monthly principal payments of $35,173, excluding six months in Fiscal 2025, plus interest at a fixed rate of 7.0% per annum. Secured by all assets of the Company, and subject to certain periodic reporting to the bank and other conditions including an annual minimum EBITDA plus stock-based compensation to debt service coverage ratio of 1.20:1 commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. The Term Loan Note matures on October 15, 2028.   $ 1,516,667             Permanent Working Capital Loan payable to Main Street Bank with monthly principal payments of $14,375, excluding six months in Fiscal 2025, plus interest at a fixed rate of 8.625% per annum. Secured by all assets of the Company, and subject to certain periodic reporting to the bank and other conditions including an annual minimum EBITDA plus stock-based compensation to debt service coverage ratio of 1.20:1 commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. The Permanent Working Capital Loan matures on June 15, 2028.     562,500             Less current maturities     (427,763 ) Less debt issuance and modification costs, net of accumulated amortization of $23,278     (39,460 ) Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issuance costs   $ 1,611,944     At December 31, 2024 principal payments due on the Term Loan Notes payable are as follows: Schedule of principal payments due on term loan note payable     Fiscal Year Ending June 30:     2025   $ 148,644   2026     594,578   2027     594,578   2028     594,578   2029     146,789   Total long-term debt   $ 2,079,167

v3.25.0.1

LEASE OBLIGATIONS	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Lease Obligations
LEASE OBLIGATIONS	4. LEASE OBLIGATIONS   In March 2021 the Company entered into a five-year capital lease in the amount of $161,977 for manufacturing equipment. In January 2020, the Company entered into a five-year capital lease for $47,750 for manufacturing equipment. The net book value of fixed assets under capital lease obligations as of December 31, 2024 is $45,892.    On July 1, 2019, the Company entered into a three-year operating lease for its facility in El Paso, Texas, and in February 2022 extended the lease through June 2025. Remaining minimum lease payments at December 31, 2024 total $22,927. Total rent expense including base rent and common area expenses was $33,281 and $36,288 during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.   On October 4, 2021, the Company assumed the remaining term of the Windham, Maine lease as part of the Lighthouse acquisition. The lease expires on July 31, 2025. Remaining minimum lease payments on December 31, 2024 total $79,019. Total rent expense including base rent and common area expenses was $68,864 during both the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Included in the accompanying balance sheet at December 31, 2024 is a right-of-use asset of $101,946 and current right-of-use operating lease liabilities of $101,946.   At December 31, 2024 future minimum lease payments under the capital lease and operating lease obligations are as follows: Schedule of future minimum lease payments under capital lease and operating lease obligations         Fiscal Year Ending June 30:   Capital Leases   Operating Lease 2025   $ 19,610     $ 92,007   2026     28,028       11,477   Total Minimum Payments     47,638       103,484   Less: amount representing interest     1,746       1,538   Present value of minimum lease payments     45,892       101,946   Less: current portion     36,622       101,946   Lease Obligation, net of current portion   $ 9,270     $ –     The Company’s four facilities in Gardner, Massachusetts, which are used for offices, production and storage spaces are leased primarily on a tenant-at-will basis. Rent expense on these operating leases was $102,540 and $97,581 for the six months ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

v3.25.0.1

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION	5. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION   Stock Options   The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.   The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of stock-based compensation expense                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Cost of Goods Sold   $ 39,226     $ 21,876     $ 78,452     $ 44,502   Selling, General and Administrative     268,980       360,555       379,118       446,675   Stock Based Compensation Expense   $ 308,206     $ 382,431     $ 457,570     $ 491,177     No compensation has been capitalized because such amounts would have been immaterial.   The following tables summarize stock option activity for the six months ended December 31, 2024: Schedule of stock option activity                   Options Outstanding         Number of Shares       Weighted Average Exercise Price       Weighted Average Contractual Life   Outstanding at June 30, 2024     1,357,735     $ 4.72       6.60 years   Granted     120,000       5.02       –   Exercised     (10,999 )     2.81       –   Cancelled, forfeited, or expired     (17,500 )     4.62       –   Outstanding at December 31, 2024     1,449,236     $ 4.74       6.40 years      The aggregate intrinsic value of the Company’s in-the-money outstanding and exercisable options as of December 31, 2024 were $1,021,031 and $1,011,831, respectively.

v3.25.0.1

REVENUE RECOGNITION	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
REVENUE RECOGNITION	6. REVENUE RECOGNITION   The Company determines revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” or ASC 606, by performing the following five steps: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies the performance obligations. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within the contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct based on the contract.   The Company disaggregates revenues by product and service types as it believes best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenues are comprised of the following for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of disaggregation of revenues                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Engineering Design Services   $ 1,203,992     $ 2,265,217     $ 3,055,363     $ 4,166,216   Optical Components     2,985,157       1,979,875       5,065,345       3,883,186   Medical Device Products and Assemblies     337,758       579,197       603,252       1,096,142   Technology Rights     –       –       –       –   Total Revenues   $ 4,526,907     $ 4,824,289     $ 8,723,960     $ 9,145,544     Other selling costs to obtain and fulfill contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short-term nature of a majority of contracts. The Company extends terms of payment to its customers based on commercially reasonable terms for the markets of its customers, while also considering their credit quality. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in revenue.   Revenue recognition policies for each of the four product and service types appear below.   Engineering Design Services   The Company enters into contractual agreements with its customers, including design services agreements, statements of work and receive purchase orders for development projects. These agreements provide costs on an estimated basis for the services the Company has agreed to provide. Engineering Design Services are rendered on a time and materials basis. The Company recognizes revenue as customers are invoiced for the actual engineering services provided in the period. Revenue is also recognized on materials purchased for development projects at the time of receipt. Engineering Design Services are provided on a best-efforts basis; no warranty is provided as there is no guarantee that the work will result in the attainment of the customer’s project objectives. The Company may obtain customer deposits in advance of rendering engineering design services. Customer deposits are treated as contractual liabilities until the terms of customer agreements are satisfied and are not a component of revenue.   Optical Components, Finished Products and Assemblies   The Company provides fixed price quotations to its customers and requires purchase orders for all purchased optical components, finished devices and assemblies. Revenue is recognized at the time title passes to the Company’s customers based on its review of the customer contract, generally at the time of shipment from its facilities. Occasionally the Company may enter into “bill and hold” contractual arrangements where title is held by its customers while goods are stored at our facilities for their convenience.   Technology Rights and Royalties   The Company may recognize revenue for the sale of technology rights and through the receipt of royalties obtained under a license of our intellectual property. These revenues are recognized in the period in which, in our judgment, they are earned and no longer contingent under the terms and conditions of the relevant customer contract.   Contract Assets and Liabilities   The nature of the Company’s products and services does not generally give rise to contract assets as it typically does not incur costs to fulfill a contract before a product or service is provided to a customer. The Company’s costs to obtain contracts are typically in the form of sales commissions paid to employees. The Company has elected to expense sales commissions associated with obtaining a contract as incurred as the amortization period is generally less than one year. These costs have been recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. As of December 31, 2024, there were no contract assets recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.    The Company’s contract liabilities arise from unearned revenue received from customers at inception of contracts or where the timing of billing for services precedes satisfaction of our performance obligations. The Company generally satisfies performance obligations within one year from the contract’s inception date.    Contract liabilities, which are recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, and unearned revenue are comprised of the following: Schedule of contract liabilities                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Contract liabilities, beginning of period   $ 1,106,546     $ 1,424,983     $ 1,172,350     $ 1,174,690   Unearned revenue received from customers     361,711       272,572       833,328       705,691   Revenue recognized     (50,324 )     (539,313 )     (587,745 )     (722,139 ) Contract liabilities, end of period   $ 1,417,933     $ 1,158,242     $ 1,417,933     $ 1,158,242

v3.25.0.1

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation and Operations	Principles of Consolidation and Operations   The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.   These consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company, without audit, and reflect normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results of the first six months of the Company’s fiscal year 2025. These consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures associated with annual consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, should be read in conjunction with footnotes contained in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2024, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm filed under cover of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2024.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates   The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Income (Loss) Per Share	Income (Loss) Per Share   Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the number of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period such as stock options. For the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024, potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computations of weighted-average shares outstanding because such securities have an antidilutive impact due to the net loss reported during those periods. The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options that were excluded from the computation of fully dilutive weighted average shares outstanding was approximately 1,449,236 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024.   The following is the calculation of income (loss) per share for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of income (loss) per share                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Net Income (Loss) Basic and Fully Diluted   $ (969,681 )   $ (758,802 )   $ (2,280,928 )   $ (1,223,217 )                                   Weighted Average Shares Outstanding                                 Basic and Fully Diluted     6,350,403       6,066,572       6,283,516       6,066,545                                     Income (Loss) Per Share – Basic and Fully Diluted   $ (0.15 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.36 )   $ (0.20 )
Significant Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk	Significant Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk   Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its investments with highly rated financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on these investments to date.   The allowance for credit losses was $121,901 at December 31, 2024, and $773,256 at December 31, 2023. Schedule of allowance; for credit losses             Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period   $ 118,872     $ 606,715   Change in the provision for expected credit losses     10,668       166,541   Writeoffs charged against the allowance     (7,639 )     –   Allowance for credit losses, end of period   $ 121,901     $ 773,256     During the six months ended December 31, 2023, the Company increased the credit loss reserve to cover potential losses due to the non-payment of one engineering customer and subsequently wrote off the receivable against the reserve during the year ended June 30, 2024. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security as a condition of sale, rather it relies on credit approval, balance limitation and monitoring procedures to control credit risk in trade account financial instruments. Management believes the allowance for credit losses, which is established based upon review of specific account balances and historical experience, is adequate at December 31, 2024.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes   Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.    In assessing the likelihood of utilization of existing deferred tax assets, management has considered the historical results of operations and the current operating environment. Based on this evaluation, a full valuation reserve has been provided for the deferred tax assets.
Goodwill and Patents	Goodwill and Patents   Long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents are capitalized when acquired and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value of the asset may not be recoverable. Impairment of the carrying value of long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents would be indicated if the best estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset grouping is less than its carrying value. If an impairment is indicated, any loss is measured as the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value and is recognized in operating income or loss. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. No such impairments of goodwill or patents have been estimated by management as of December 31, 2024.

v3.25.0.1

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of income (loss) per share	Schedule of income (loss) per share                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Net Income (Loss) Basic and Fully Diluted   $ (969,681 )   $ (758,802 )   $ (2,280,928 )   $ (1,223,217 )                                   Weighted Average Shares Outstanding                                 Basic and Fully Diluted     6,350,403       6,066,572       6,283,516       6,066,545                                     Income (Loss) Per Share – Basic and Fully Diluted   $ (0.15 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.36 )   $ (0.20 )
Schedule of allowance; for credit losses	Schedule of allowance; for credit losses             Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period   $ 118,872     $ 606,715   Change in the provision for expected credit losses     10,668       166,541   Writeoffs charged against the allowance     (7,639 )     –   Allowance for credit losses, end of period   $ 121,901     $ 773,256

v3.25.0.1

INVENTORIES (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of inventories	Schedule of inventories             December 31, 2024   June 30, 2024 Raw Materials   $ 2,288,616     $ 1,570,135   Work-In-Progress     311,227       157,406   Finished Goods     1,247,934       1,140,559   Total Inventories (Net)   $ 3,847,827     $ 2,868,100

v3.25.0.1

BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of long-term debt	Schedule of long-term debt         Amount Term Loan Note payable to Main Street Bank with monthly principal payments of $35,173, excluding six months in Fiscal 2025, plus interest at a fixed rate of 7.0% per annum. Secured by all assets of the Company, and subject to certain periodic reporting to the bank and other conditions including an annual minimum EBITDA plus stock-based compensation to debt service coverage ratio of 1.20:1 commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. The Term Loan Note matures on October 15, 2028.   $ 1,516,667             Permanent Working Capital Loan payable to Main Street Bank with monthly principal payments of $14,375, excluding six months in Fiscal 2025, plus interest at a fixed rate of 8.625% per annum. Secured by all assets of the Company, and subject to certain periodic reporting to the bank and other conditions including an annual minimum EBITDA plus stock-based compensation to debt service coverage ratio of 1.20:1 commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. The Permanent Working Capital Loan matures on June 15, 2028.     562,500             Less current maturities     (427,763 ) Less debt issuance and modification costs, net of accumulated amortization of $23,278     (39,460 ) Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issuance costs   $ 1,611,944
Schedule of principal payments due on term loan note payable	Schedule of principal payments due on term loan note payable     Fiscal Year Ending June 30:     2025   $ 148,644   2026     594,578   2027     594,578   2028     594,578   2029     146,789   Total long-term debt   $ 2,079,167

v3.25.0.1

LEASE OBLIGATIONS (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Lease Obligations
Schedule of future minimum lease payments under capital lease and operating lease obligations	Schedule of future minimum lease payments under capital lease and operating lease obligations         Fiscal Year Ending June 30:   Capital Leases   Operating Lease 2025   $ 19,610     $ 92,007   2026     28,028       11,477   Total Minimum Payments     47,638       103,484   Less: amount representing interest     1,746       1,538   Present value of minimum lease payments     45,892       101,946   Less: current portion     36,622       101,946   Lease Obligation, net of current portion   $ 9,270     $ –

v3.25.0.1

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense	Schedule of stock-based compensation expense                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Cost of Goods Sold   $ 39,226     $ 21,876     $ 78,452     $ 44,502   Selling, General and Administrative     268,980       360,555       379,118       446,675   Stock Based Compensation Expense   $ 308,206     $ 382,431     $ 457,570     $ 491,177
Schedule of stock option activity	Schedule of stock option activity                   Options Outstanding         Number of Shares       Weighted Average Exercise Price       Weighted Average Contractual Life   Outstanding at June 30, 2024     1,357,735     $ 4.72       6.60 years   Granted     120,000       5.02       –   Exercised     (10,999 )     2.81       –   Cancelled, forfeited, or expired     (17,500 )     4.62       –   Outstanding at December 31, 2024     1,449,236     $ 4.74       6.40 years

v3.25.0.1

REVENUE RECOGNITION (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of disaggregation of revenues	Schedule of disaggregation of revenues                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Engineering Design Services   $ 1,203,992     $ 2,265,217     $ 3,055,363     $ 4,166,216   Optical Components     2,985,157       1,979,875       5,065,345       3,883,186   Medical Device Products and Assemblies     337,758       579,197       603,252       1,096,142   Technology Rights     –       –       –       –   Total Revenues   $ 4,526,907     $ 4,824,289     $ 8,723,960     $ 9,145,544
Schedule of contract liabilities	Schedule of contract liabilities                     Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,     2024   2023   2024   2023 Contract liabilities, beginning of period   $ 1,106,546     $ 1,424,983     $ 1,172,350     $ 1,174,690   Unearned revenue received from customers     361,711       272,572       833,328       705,691   Revenue recognized     (50,324 )     (539,313 )     (587,745 )     (722,139 ) Contract liabilities, end of period   $ 1,417,933     $ 1,158,242     $ 1,417,933     $ 1,158,242

v3.25.0.1

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details - Income (loss) per share) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss) Basic	$ (969,681)	$ (758,802)	$ (2,280,928)	$ (1,223,217)
Net Income (Loss) Fully Diluted	$ (969,681)	$ (758,802)	$ (2,280,928)	$ (1,223,217)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding, Basic	6,350,403	6,066,572	6,283,516	6,066,545
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding, Fully Diluted	6,350,403	6,066,572	6,283,516	6,066,545
Income (Loss) Per Share - Basic	$ (0.15)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.36)	$ (0.20)
Income (Loss) Per Share - Fully Diluted	$ (0.15)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.36)	$ (0.20)

v3.25.0.1

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details - Allowance for credit losses) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period	$ 118,872	$ 606,715
Change in the provision for expected credit losses	10,668	166,541
Writeoffs charged against the allowance	(7,639)	0
Allowance for credit losses, end of period	$ 121,901	$ 773,256

v3.25.0.1

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Antidilutive weighted average shares outstanding	1,449,236	1,449,236
Allowance for credit losses	$ 121,901	$ 121,901	$ 118,872	$ 773,256	$ 606,715
Impairments of goodwill or patents		$ 0

v3.25.0.1

INVENTORIES (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw Materials	$ 2,288,616	$ 1,570,135
Work-In-Progress	311,227	157,406
Finished Goods	1,247,934	1,140,559
Total Inventories (Net)	$ 3,847,827	$ 2,868,100

v3.25.0.1

INVENTORIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventory reserve	$ 322,065	$ 266,843

v3.25.0.1

BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Details - Long term debt) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Term loan note payable	$ 1,516,667
Working capital loan payable	562,500
Less current maturities	(427,763)	$ (276,928)
Less debt issuance and modification costs, net of accumulated amortization	(39,460)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issuance costs	$ 1,611,944	$ 1,899,052

v3.25.0.1

BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Details - Principal payments)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 148,644
2026	594,578
2027	594,578
2028	594,578
2029	146,789
Total long-term debt	$ 2,079,167

v3.25.0.1

BANK FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
	Oct. 04, 2021	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accumulated amortization of debt issuance costs		$ 23,278
Main Street Bank [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan	On October 4, 2021, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with Main Street Bank of Marlborough, Massachusetts, which provided for a $2,600,000 Term Loan and a $250,000 Revolving Line of Credit Loan Facility (the “Revolver”), which was increased to $500,000 effective May 17, 2022, and $1,250,000 effective June 2, 2023.
Line of credit bear interest rate		1.50%
Debt periodic payment term		monthly
Debt instrument periodic payment		$ 35,173
Interest rate		7.00%
Term loan maturity		Oct. 15, 2028
Main Street Bank [Member] | Revolver [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving line of credit balance		$ 900,000
Credit line remaining borrowing capacity		$ 350,000
Main Street Bank 1 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt periodic payment term		monthly
Debt instrument periodic payment		$ 14,375
Interest rate		8.625%
Term loan maturity		Jun. 15, 2028

v3.25.0.1

LEASE OBLIGATIONS (Details - Future minimum lease payments) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Present value of minimum lease payments, operating leases	$ 101,946	$ 178,450
Less: current portion, capital leases	36,622	41,113
Less: current portion, operating leases	101,946
Lease Obligation, net of current portion, capital leases	9,270	27,369
Lease Obligation, net of current portion, operating leases	0	$ 11,549
Operating Lease [Member]
2025	92,007
2026	11,477
Total minimum payments, operating leases	103,484
Less: amount representing interest, operating leases	1,538
Present value of minimum lease payments, operating leases	101,946
Less: current portion, operating leases	101,946
Lease Obligation, net of current portion, operating leases	0
Capital Lease Obligations [Member]
2025	19,610
2026	28,028
Total minimum payments, capital leases	47,638
Less: amount representing interest, capital leases	1,746
Present value of minimum lease payments, capital leases	45,892
Less: current portion, capital leases	36,622
Lease Obligation, net of current portion, capital leases	$ 9,270

v3.25.0.1

LEASE OBLIGATIONS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Operating lease, right-of-use asset	$ 101,946		$ 189,999
Operating lease, liability current	101,946
El Paso Texas [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Lease payments	22,927
Operating lease expense	33,281	$ 36,288
Windham Maine [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Lease payments	79,019
Operating lease expense	68,864	68,864
Gardner Massachusetts Office [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Operating lease expense	102,540	$ 97,581
Manufacturing Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Capital lease obligation				$ 161,977	$ 47,750
Net book value of fixed assets under capital lease obligations	$ 45,892

v3.25.0.1

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Stock based compensation expense	$ 308,206	$ 382,431	$ 457,570	$ 491,177
Cost of Sales [Member]
Stock based compensation expense	39,226	21,876	78,452	44,502
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 268,980	$ 360,555	$ 379,118	$ 446,675

v3.25.0.1

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details - Option activity) - Equity Option [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of stock options outstanding - at beginning | shares	1,357,735
Weighted average exercise price options outstanding- at beginning | $ / shares	$ 4.72
Weighted average contractual life	6 years 7 months 6 days
Number of stock options granted | shares	120,000
Weighted average exercise price - granted | $ / shares	$ 5.02
Number of stock options exercised | shares	(10,999)
Weighted average exercise price - exercised | $ / shares	$ 2.81
Number of stock options cancelled, forfeited, or expired | shares	(17,500)
Weighted average exercise price cancelled, forfeited, or expired | $ / shares	$ 4.62
Number of stock options outstanding - at ending | shares	1,449,236
Weighted average exercise price options outstanding- at ending | $ / shares	$ 4.74
Weighted average contractual life	6 years 4 months 24 days

v3.25.0.1

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details Narrative) - Equity Option [Member]	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate intrinsic value outstanding	$ 1,021,031
Aggregate intrinsic value exercisable	$ 1,011,831

v3.25.0.1

REVENUE RECOGNITION (Details - Revenue) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 4,526,907	$ 4,824,289	$ 8,723,960	$ 9,145,544
Engineering Design Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,203,992	2,265,217	3,055,363	4,166,216
Optical Components [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,985,157	1,979,875	5,065,345	3,883,186
Medical Device Products And Assemblies [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	337,758	579,197	603,252	1,096,142
Technology Rights [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

v3.25.0.1

REVENUE RECOGNITION (Details - Contract liabilities) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract liabilities, beginning of period	$ 1,106,546	$ 1,424,983	$ 1,172,350	$ 1,174,690
Unearned revenue received from customers	361,711	272,572	833,328	705,691
Revenue recognized	(50,324)	(539,313)	(587,745)	(722,139)
Contract liabilities, end of period	$ 1,417,933	$ 1,158,242	$ 1,417,933	$ 1,158,242

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