MS-A Morgan Stanley

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AT DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021, AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

The following summary of the Morgan Stanley 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”) is provided for general information purposes only. Participants should refer to the Plan document for more complete information. Terms used in this description have the same meaning as in the Plan document.

General — The Plan is a profit-sharing plan that includes a “qualified cash or deferred arrangement” as described in Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and is subject to the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). The Plan’s interest in the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund is designated as an employee stock ownership plan within the meaning of Code section 4975(e)(7) to the extent provided in the Plan.

Morgan Stanley Domestic Holdings, Inc. (the “Plan Sponsor”) is a corporation wholly-owned by Morgan Stanley Capital Management, LLC, a limited liability company whose sole member is Morgan Stanley (the “Company”). The Plan Sponsor has delegated certain functions to Morgan Stanley Services Group Inc. (“MSSG”), a corporation wholly-owned by the Plan Sponsor. The Company’s Chief Human Resources Officer or his or her delegate (the “Plan Administrator”) has the authority to control and manage the operation and administration of the Plan, make rules and regulations, and take actions to administer the Plan. The Plan Administrator has delegated certain operational and administrative responsibilities to certain employees in the Company’s Human Resources department.

The Company acquired Cook Street Consulting, Inc. (“Cook Street”) and American Financial System, Inc. (“AFS”) in the first and second quarter of 2022, respectively. In connection with the acquisitions, the Cook Street Consulting, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “CSCI Plan”) and the AFS 401K Plan (the “AFS Plan”) were merged into the Plan, and participants of the CSCI Plan and the AFS Plan became members of the Plan effective at the close of business on December 31, 2022. The final valuations for the CSCI Plan and the AFS Plan were performed at market close on December 31, 2022 and each plan’s assets, including notes receivable from participants, were merged into the Plan’s assets. The investment assets of the CSCI Plan and AFS Plan were liquidated and the proceeds wired to the Plan before the close of business on December 31, 2022. The transfer amounts of $8.6 million for the CSCI Plan and $3.2 million for the AFS Plan are recorded in Plan mergers receivable in the Statement of Net Assets as the wires settled subsequent to year-end.

All of the Plan’s investments are held in a trust account at The Northern Trust Company, N.A. (the “Trustee”).

Eligibility — U.S. benefits-eligible employees, generally defined as full-time and part-time (regularly scheduled to work at least 50% of the Company’s standard work week) employees of participating companies are eligible to participate in the Plan upon hire.

Part-time employees who are regularly scheduled to work less than 50% of the Company’s standard work week may elect to commence participation in the Plan on the later of (A) the date their employment commences or (B) January 1, 2018, without regard to age.

Effective January 1, 2020, hourly employees are eligible to participate in the Plan.

Individuals who are (a) classified by a participating company as non-U.S. benefits-eligible workers, interns, summer associates, contingent workers, leased workers, independent contractors or consultants, regardless of whether or not such classification is subsequently upheld for any purpose by a court or federal, state or local administrative authority; (b) covered by a collective bargaining agreement with respect to which a participating company is a party, unless such agreement provides for participation in the Plan; (c) first hired or transferred to a participating company while in an hourly status on or after July 1, 2004; or (d) Puerto Rico residents, are not eligible to participate in the Plan.

Eligible participants who terminate employment and are later rehired by a participating company may participate in the Plan immediately upon rehire.

Employee Contributions — Eligible participants may elect to contribute before-tax and/or Roth after-tax contributions of 1% to 50% of eligible pay subject to Code limits ($20,500 for 2022). Those participants who have attained at least age 50 by the end of 2022 may elect an additional before-tax or Roth after-tax “Catch-Up Contribution” of 1% to 50% of eligible pay, subject to Code limits ($6,500 for 2022).

Certain eligible participants may also elect to contribute non-Roth after-tax contributions of 1% to 50% of eligible earnings. Participants eligible to make non-Roth after-tax contributions include eligible employees considered to be non-highly compensated employees (for 2022, employees who earned less than $283,223 during 2021). Commencing January 1, 2022, highly compensated employees are permitted to elect to contribute non-Roth after-tax contributions of 1% to 8% of eligible earnings. Participants may also contribute amounts representing eligible rollover distributions from other qualified retirement plans, excluding other qualified plans sponsored by the Company and its affiliates. All contributions are subject to certain Code limitations.

Company Contributions — In addition to the eligibility requirements for each type of Company Contribution described below, to be eligible for Company Contributions for any given Plan Year, a participant must be actively at work or on an authorized leave of absence on December 31 or, during the year, have terminated employment because of Retirement, Release, Total and Permanent Disability (each as defined by the Plan) or died. Company Contributions are generally credited to participant accounts during the first quarter of the year following the calendar year for which the contribution amounts are determined.

Company Match: For employees (except Senior Advisors and Advisory Directors (or equivalent titles) each as defined in the Plan) with eligible pay less than $275,000 and who are not eligible to receive a Fixed Contribution (as described below), the Plan-provided Company Match for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Company Match”) was one dollar for each dollar of before-tax and/or Roth after-tax contributions that eligible participants contributed to the Plan, up to a maximum of 5% of eligible pay. For these employees, the maximum 2022 Company Match was $13,750.

For employees with eligible pay under $100,000 who are not eligible to receive a Fixed Contribution or over $275,000, the Plan-provided 2022 Company Match was one dollar for each dollar of before-tax or Roth after-tax contributions that eligible participants contributed to the Plan, up to a maximum of 4% of eligible pay, up to the Code limit of $305,000. For these employees, the maximum 2022 Company Match was $12,200. The Company Match is made at the discretion of the Plan Sponsor.

The 2022 Company Match contributions were invested according to each participant’s investment elections on file or in a default fund or funds, as selected by the Plan Administrator. The 2022

Company Match was $355,514,380 of which $6,697,206 was covered by forfeitures held by the Plan. The contribution was recorded as Employer contributions receivable at December 31, 2022 and paid in cash by the Company to the Plan in Q1 2023. The 2021 Company Match was $290,987,015, of which $8,507,874 was covered by forfeitures held by the Plan. The contribution was recorded as Employer contributions receivable at December 31, 2021 and paid in cash by the Company to the Plan primarily in January 2022.

Fixed Contribution: Eligible employees with annualized base pay and eligible annual pay of $100,000 or less and who are not employed as Financial Advisors, Producing Assistant Branch Managers, Producing Branch Managers, or Producing Sales Managers (or equivalent title), Advisory Directors or Senior Advisors (or equivalent title) at December 31 and who are not Saxon employees of Morgan Stanley’s U.S. Residential Mortgage Business receive a Fixed Contribution of 2% of eligible pay regardless of whether they contribute to the Plan or receive a Company Match. The 2022 Fixed Contribution of $16,925,943 was recorded as Employer contributions receivable at December 31, 2022 and paid in cash by the Company in Q1 2023. The 2021 Fixed Contribution of $15,271,415 was recorded as Employer contributions receivable at December 31, 2021 and paid in cash by the Company in January 2022.

Participant Accounts — Individual accounts are maintained for each Plan participant. Each participant’s account is credited with the participant’s contributions, allocations of Company Contributions and Plan earnings, and charged with an allocation of Plan losses and administrative expenses not otherwise paid by the Plan Sponsor, and reduced by the amount of any benefit payments to such participant. The benefit to which a participant is entitled is the benefit that can be provided from the participant’s vested account.

Investments — Participants direct the investment of their contributions into various investment options offered by the Plan, which are subject to change from time to time. At December 31, 2022, the Plan offered mutual funds, commingled or collective trust funds, an employer stock fund, and separately managed accounts (“Separate Accounts”).

The Plan is intended to meet the requirements of Section 404(c) of ERISA, with the result that participants, and no other fiduciaries, are responsible for the investment of their Plan accounts.

Employer Stock Provisions — The Morgan Stanley Stock Fund is invested primarily in “employer securities” (as defined in the Code), is designated an employee stock ownership plan to the extent provided in the Plan, and is subject to additional plan provisions, including the ability of eligible participants to elect to receive current cash dividend distributions relating to the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund.

Voting and Tender Rights — Each participant may direct a vote on shares of Company common stock in the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund that are allocated to his or her Plan account. Each participant is to be notified prior to the time that voting rights are to be exercised. Unvoted shares, including shares held in the Plan’s forfeiture account, are to be voted in the same proportion as the total actual votes cast by participants with respect to shares held in the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund for or against the matter under consideration. Similar rules apply to tender or other similar rights appurtenant to Company common stock held in the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund, except that shares for which no tender direction is given by the participant will not be tendered. If there is a tender for less than all shares or if there are more tender directions than can be satisfied, participant shares are to be tendered on a pro rata basis.

Vesting — Participants are vested immediately in their Employee Contributions plus earnings thereon. Generally, participants are vested in any Company Contributions upon the earlier of: (i) completion of three years of service, or (ii) termination of employment due to death, Retirement, Release or Total and Permanent Disability, each as defined by the Plan. There is no partial vesting. A participant is always fully vested in dividends paid with respect to the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund.

Other — Certain reservists and persons who provide military service are entitled to additional rights under the Plan. Additional rules apply in the event that the Plan becomes top-heavy as described in the Code. In 2020, certain participants were entitled to additional rights relating to distributions under the Plan in accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. Any participants who took a coronavirus-related distribution during 2020, in accordance with the CARES Act, had the option to repay all or part of the distribution to the Plan within three years.

Forfeitures — The unvested portion of a participant’s account may be forfeited on termination of such participant’s employment for specified reasons. Forfeitures are used to reduce the year-end Company Contributions and pay certain Plan expenses.

Notes Receivable from Participants — Generally, a participant may borrow a total of up to the lesser of $50,000 or 50% of his/her vested Plan account. A participant may have a maximum of two outstanding loans at a time.

Payment of Benefits — Participants may elect to receive all or a portion of their vested account balance following termination of employment.

Participants may withdraw any vested amount allocated to their accounts while in service after attaining age 59-1/2. In the event of a hardship (as defined in the Plan), participants regardless of age may withdraw their vested Employee and Company Contributions to the extent permitted by the Plan. Voluntary Employee Contributions made before 1984 and after-tax Employee Contributions made after 1983 also may be withdrawn in service without regard to the participant’s age, subject to Plan terms. Payments are made in cash and/or in-kind in shares of Morgan Stanley stock at the direction of the participant. Before 2022, non-hardship withdrawals were limited to eight per year. Effective January 1, 2022, there is no limit on non-hardship withdrawals.

To the extent a participant elects to receive his or her vested interest in the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund in-kind, shares are recorded electronically in book entry form on the records of the Company’s transfer agent, Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.

Plan Termination — Although it has not expressed any intent to do so, the Plan Sponsor (or its delegate, MSSG) has the right under the Plan to terminate the Plan subject to the provisions of ERISA. In such event, participants become fully vested in any Company Contributions to the extent required by the Code.

Basis of Accounting — The Plan’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements requires Plan management to make estimates and assumptions regarding the valuation of certain financial instruments that affect the reported amounts of net assets available for benefits and changes therein. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.

Administrative Expenses — Administrative expenses of the Plan are paid by the Plan, unless paid by the Plan Sponsor, as provided in the Plan document. The Plan Sponsor is under no obligation to pay the Plan’s administrative expenses. Participants pay administrative costs for loans, distributions and qualified domestic relation orders.

All investment management and transaction fees directly related to the Plan’s investments are paid by the Plan. Management fees and operating expenses charged to the Plan for investments are deducted from income earned on a daily basis and are not separately reflected. Consequently, investment management fees and operating expenses are reflected as a reduction of investment return for such investments.

Payment of Benefits — Benefit payments to participants are recorded upon distribution. Amounts allocated to participants who elected to withdraw from the Plan during the year ended December 31, 2022 generally were paid prior to the year end. Amounts requested in the Plan Year but paid subsequent to the Plan Year were not significant.

Risks and Uncertainties — The Plan utilizes various investment options, including derivative instruments. Investments, in general, are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, market liquidity and credit risks, as well as overall market volatility. Market risks include global events which could impact the value of investment securities, such as pandemic or international conflict. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investments and the sensitivity of certain fair value estimates to changes in valuation assumptions, it is reasonably possible that changes in value of investments will occur in the near term and that such changes could materially affect participants’ account balances and the amounts reported in the financial statements.

Included in investments at December 31, 2022 are shares of the Company’s common stock, which represent sixteen percent of participant-directed investments at December 31, 2022. A significant decline in the market value of the Company’s stock would significantly affect the net assets available for benefits.

Investment Valuation and Income Recognition — Purchases and sales of securities are recorded on a trade-date basis. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis. The cost of Plan investments is based on the average cost method for individual securities. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments are reflected in Net investment loss/income —Net depreciation/appreciation in fair value of investments.

The Plan’s investments and derivative instruments are measured at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (see Note 6).

In determining fair value, the Plan uses various valuation approaches and establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that requires the most observable inputs be used when available.

Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability that were developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Plan. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect assumptions the Plan believes other market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability that are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows, with Level 1 being the highest and Level 3 being the lowest level:

Level 1. Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets that the Plan has the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Valuation adjustments, block discounts and discounts for entity-specific restrictions that would not transfer to market participants are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2. Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3. Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from product to product and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of product, whether the product is new and not yet established in the marketplace, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics particular to the product. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Plan in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Plan considers prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market dislocation. In periods of market dislocation, the observability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified from Level 1 to Level 2 or from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the total fair value amount is disclosed in the level appropriate for the lowest level input that is significant to the total fair value of the asset or liability.

Notes Receivable from Participants — Notes receivable from participants are measured at their unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest. Principal and interest are repaid semi-monthly and any delinquent payments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were not significant. Based on the terms of the Plan document, delinquent participant loans are recorded as distributions when a distributable event occurs.

Derivative instruments are permitted in the Plan’s Separate Account portfolios only to the extent that they comply with all of the Plan’s policy guidelines and are consistent with the Plan’s risk and return objectives. In addition, derivative instruments may be used only if they are deemed to be more attractive than a similar direct investment in the underlying cash market, or if the investment vehicle is being used to manage the risk of the portfolio. Any use of derivative instruments may not result in exposure of the Plan to investment sectors that are otherwise prohibited under the investment guidelines.

The investment guidelines established with each Separate Account manager for the Plan set forth the guidelines for the commitments that an investment manager may make with respect to derivative instruments. Within the scope of the investment guidelines, the Plan may be invested in futures, options, swaps, and forwards.

Market risk arises from adverse changes in the fair value of these contracts.

Futures and options — The Plan held certain fixed income future and option contracts in Separate Accounts at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Plan held certain equity index future contracts in a Separate Account at December 31, 2021 within AQR International Equity Fund. In second quarter 2022, the AQR International Equity Fund was liquidated and transferred to a collective fund with Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley. Both written and purchased options were held as underlying investments. When the investment manager purchases or writes an option, an amount equal to the premium paid or received by the Plan is recorded as an asset or liability and is subsequently adjusted to the current market value of the option written or purchased. The fair value of these investments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was not significant and the changes in fair value are accounted for as part of Net depreciation/appreciation in fair value of investments in the Statement of changes in net assets available for benefits.

Swaps —At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the investment assets held by the Plan included positions in interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, equity swaps, and inflation swaps. At December 31, 2022, the investment assets held by the Plan also included positions in overnight index swaps. Under the investment managers’ standard International Swap and Derivatives Association agreements, counterparty risk is limited by provisions which allow for the mutual exchange of collateral should a swap’s market value exceed $250,000. Further, the investment managers are instructed to restrict trading to only those counterparties with the largest capitalization and highest credit ratings in the industry. Investment manager policy is to execute swaps only with counterparties whose credit rating is A-/A3 or better, unless otherwise approved by the Plan. These assets were held in Separate Accounts at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The fair value of these investments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was not significant and the changes in fair value are accounted for as part of Net depreciation/ appreciation in fair value of investments in the Statement of changes in net assets available for benefits.

Forwards — The Plan may enter into forward foreign currency contracts in order to hedge certain foreign currency denominated investments. Forward foreign currency commitments are generally entered into with counterparties of high credit quality; therefore, the risk of nonperformance by the counterparties is considered negligible. Additionally, the Plan’s investment guidelines require that the forward foreign currency contracts be restricted in their application and used for economic hedging purposes. The Plan held positions in forward foreign currency contracts in Separate Accounts at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Plan also held positions in forward equity contracts in a Separate Account at December 31, 2021. The fair value of these investments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was not significant and the changes in fair value are accounted for as part of Net depreciation/ appreciation in fair value of investments in the Statement of changes in net assets available for benefits.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) — The Plan held positions in repurchase agreements in Separate Accounts at December 31, 2022, and 2021. The changes in fair value are accounted for as part of Net depreciation/appreciation in fair value of investments in the Statement of changes in net assets available for benefits.

Parties-in-interest include Plan fiduciaries, employees, participant employers and service providers, certain owners and certain relatives of such individuals, as defined by ERISA.

There were a range of investment options available in the Plan at December 31, 2022 and 2021, of which one was managed by Morgan Stanley Investment Management (“MSIM”) and one was an employer stock fund (Morgan Stanley Stock Fund). All party-in-interest investments are in the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund, the fund managed by MSIM, an affiliate of the Plan Sponsor, and funds issued by Northern Trust, Principal, PIMCO, Blackrock, AQR Capital Management, T. Rowe Price, Artisan Partners, Fidelity Institutional Asset Management, Shenkman, Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley, Wellington Trust Company, N.A., State Street Global Advisors, Weatherbie Capital LLC, Westwood Management Corp., and Westfield Capital Management Company.

The Plan has a revenue-sharing agreement whereby Northern Trust, as fund manager of the Northern Trust Sustainability Index Fund, returns a portion of the investment fees to the recordkeeper to offset the Plan’s administrative expenses. Revenue-sharing activity of this fund was not significant.

Investments in and gain or losses related to common stock and funds issued by Morgan Stanley or its affiliate, MSIM, and notes receivables from participants are as follows:

Eligible participants of the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund may elect to receive current cash payment of dividends paid on the Morgan Stanley Stock Fund within the Plan, to the extent provided in the Plan.

Certain officers and employees of the Plan Sponsor (who may also be participants in the Plan) perform administrative services related to the operation, record keeping and financial reporting of the Plan. The Plan Sponsor pays these salaries and other administrative expenses on behalf of the Plan. Certain fees, including fees for the investment management services, to the extent not paid by the Plan Sponsor, are paid by the Plan. All direct and indirect fees paid by the Plan are considered party-in-interest transactions.

The Internal Revenue Service determined and informed the Plan Sponsor by a letter dated May 22, 2018, that the Plan and its related Trust continue to be designed in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Code. The Plan has been amended since receiving this letter, however, the Plan Sponsor and the Plan Administrator believe the Plan is currently designed and operated in compliance with the applicable requirements of the Code.

The Plan Sponsor has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Plan, and has concluded that at December 31, 2022 and 2021, there are no uncertain tax positions taken by the Plan that would require recognition of a liability (or asset) or disclosure in the financial statements. The Plan is subject to routine audits by taxing jurisdictions; however, there are currently no audits of the Plan for any tax periods in progress. The Plan Sponsor believes the Plan is no longer subject to income tax examinations for years prior to 2017.

The following descriptions of the valuation methods and assumptions used by the Plan to determine the fair values of investments apply to investments held directly by the Plan.

Registered Investment Companies – Mutual funds are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are intended to meet the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 with respect to income distribution, fee structure, and diversification of assets. Mutual funds are generally marked to quoted prices or net asset value (“NAV”) and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy if based upon prices which are observable in an active market. The Plan generally prohibits the sale of these investment options within 30 days of a purchase into that investment option.

Morgan Stanley Stock Fund (the “Fund”) – The Plan holds investments in the Fund holding Morgan Stanley common stock and containing a short-term investment fund to facilitate participant transactions into and out of the Fund. The Company has specific rules that govern employee transactions in Morgan Stanley stock. Employees may transact in Morgan Stanley stock (including the Fund) only during a window period designated by the Company. Shorter window periods and prior approval requirements apply to those employees deemed Access Persons (as defined in the Company’s employee trading policy) by the Company. Access Persons who are members of the Company’s Management or Operating Committees are prohibited from selling the Fund within six months of a purchase.

Separate Accounts - The Separate Accounts are professionally managed portfolios held by the Plan. The participants share in the appreciation and depreciation in proportion to their contribution to the Separate Account. Separate Accounts are administered and supervised by investment managers who decide how to invest funds contributed by investors, subject to written investment guidelines. The Plan generally prohibits the sale of these investment options within 30 days of a purchase into that investment option.

A description of the valuation methods and assumptions applied to the major categories of the Fund and the Separate Accounts are as follows:

Corporate equities

Corporate equities, including Morgan Stanley common stock, are exchange-traded equity securities that are generally valued based on quoted prices from the exchange. To the extent these securities are actively traded, valuation adjustments are not applied. Corporate equities are categorized in Level 1

of the fair value hierarchy. Stapled securities, consisting of two or more corporate equity securities that are contractually bound to form a single salable unit that cannot be bought or sold separately, are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates fair value and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Government and agency securities

Government and agency securities are valued using factors which include but are not limited to market quotations, yields, maturities, and the bond’s terms and conditions. U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Index Linked Government Bonds, valued using quoted market prices, are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Callable agency-issued debt securities are valued by benchmarking model-derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for comparable instruments. The fair value of agency mortgage pass-through pool securities is model-driven based on spreads of a comparable to be announced security. The fair value of state and municipal securities is determined using recently executed transactions, market price quotations or pricing models that factor in, where applicable, interest rates, bond or CDS spreads and volatility. Callable agency-issued debt securities, agency mortgage pass-through pool securities, non U.S. index-linked securities, and state and municipal government securities are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Corporate debt instruments

Corporate debt instruments are composed of corporate bonds, corporate loans and asset-backed securities. Corporate bonds and corporate loans are valued using factors which include but are not limited to recently executed transactions, market price quotations and spreads. Asset-backed securities may be valued based on price or spread data obtained from observed transactions or independent external parties such as vendors or brokers. When position-specific external price data are not observable, the fair value determination may require benchmarking to similar securities. For index linked securities, the market price is adjusted daily by the appropriate index factor. Corporate debt instruments are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative instruments

Depending on the product and terms of the transaction, the fair value of over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative products can be either observed or modeled using a series of techniques and model inputs from comparable benchmarks, including closed-form analytic formulas, such as the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and simulation models or a combination thereof. Many pricing models do not entail material subjectivity as the methodologies employed do not necessitate significant judgment, since model inputs may be observed from actively quoted markets, as is the case for generic interest rate swaps and certain option contracts. Interest rate swaps are valued using observable inputs. Listed derivatives that are not actively traded are valued using the same approaches as those applied to OTC derivatives. Derivative instruments are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, except for cash collateral related to the derivative instruments, which are valued at carrying value and categorized in Level 1.

Repurchase agreements

The fair value of repurchase agreements is computed using a standard cash flow discounting methodology. The inputs to the valuation include contractual cash flows and collateral funding spreads which are estimated using various benchmarks, interest rate yield curves and option volatilities. Repurchase agreements are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Collective Trust Funds – Each investment is administered and supervised by its respective investment manager who decides how to invest the contributed funds. The Collective Trust Funds do not have a readily determinable fair value. The fair values of participating units held in the Collective Trust Funds are valued at NAVs as a practical expedient. Terms of the applicable Collective Trust Fund Agreements and/or Investment Management Agreements permit the termination of the agreement and the receipt of the fund securities at fair value within 30 days. There were no unfunded commitments and no restricted redemption notice periods. Other than certain funds managed by State Street Global Advisors and BlackRock, Inc., from which the Plan does not restrict the frequency of redemptions, the Plan generally prohibits the sale of the Collective Trust Fund investment options within 30 days of a purchase into that investment option.

The Plan has evaluated subsequent events for adjustment to or disclosure in these financial statements through the date of this report and has not identified any recordable or disclosable events not otherwise reported in these financial statements or the notes thereto.

SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE