UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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x
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2008
OR
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o
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period from
to
Commission file number
001-14905
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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47-0813844
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(State or other jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
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incorporation or organization)
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1440 Kiewit Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68131
(Address of principal executive office)
(Zip Code)
(402) 346-1400
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES
X
NO ___
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated
filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
(Check one):
Large accelerated filer [X]
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Accelerated filer [ ]
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Non-accelerated filer [ ]
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting company [ ]
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Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act).
Yes [ ] No [X]
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2008:
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Class A 1,060,657
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Class B 14,657,083
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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
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Page No.
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2
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3
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4
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5-14
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15-28
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28
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28
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28
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28
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28
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28
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29
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29
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29
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29
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Exhibit 31 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
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30-31
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Exhibit 32 Section 1350 Certifications
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32-33
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1
Part I Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in millions except per share amounts)
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September 30, 2008
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December 31, 2007
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(Unaudited)
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ASSETS
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Insurance and Other:
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Cash and cash equivalents
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$
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27,899
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$ 37,703
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Investments:
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Fixed maturity securities
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29,584
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28,515
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Equity securities
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76,042
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74,999
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Loans and receivables
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16,131
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13,157
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Inventories
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7,319
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5,793
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Property, plant and equipment and leased assets
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16,370
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9,969
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Goodwill
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27,102
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26,306
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Deferred charges reinsurance assumed
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3,625
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3,987
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Other
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9,210
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7,797
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213,282
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208,226
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Utilities and Energy:
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Cash and cash equivalents
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531
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1,178
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Property, plant and equipment
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28,020
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26,221
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Goodwill
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5,414
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5,543
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Other
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6,925
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6,246
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40,890
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39,188
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Finance and Financial Products:
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Cash and cash equivalents
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4,939
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5,448
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Investments in fixed maturity securities
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4,675
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3,056
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Loans and finance receivables
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13,770
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12,359
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Goodwill
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1,015
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1,013
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Other
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3,158
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3,870
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27,557
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25,746
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$ 281,729
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$ 273,160
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LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
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Insurance and Other:
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Losses and loss adjustment expenses
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$ 56,680
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$ 56,002
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Unearned premiums
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8,162
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6,680
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Life and health insurance benefits
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3,834
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3,804
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Other policyholder liabilities
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3,899
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4,089
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Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities
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11,894
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10,672
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Notes payable and other borrowings
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4,068
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2,680
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88,537
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83,927
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Utilities and Energy:
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Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities
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6,013
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6,043
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Notes payable and other borrowings
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18,995
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19,002
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25,008
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25,045
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Finance and Financial Products:
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Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities
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2,670
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2,931
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Derivative contract liabilities
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9,597
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6,887
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Notes payable and other borrowings
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14,495
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12,144
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26,762
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21,962
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Income taxes, principally deferred
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16,918
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18,825
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Total liabilities
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157,225
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149,759
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Minority shareholders interests
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4,349
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2,668
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Shareholders equity:
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Common stock Class A, $5 par value; Class B, $0.1667 par value
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8
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8
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Capital in excess of par value
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27,133
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26,952
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Accumulated other comprehensive income
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15,984
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21,620
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Retained earnings
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77,030
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72,153
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Total shareholders equity
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120,155
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120,733
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$ 281,729
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$ 273,160
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See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
2
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(dollars in millions except per share amounts)
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Third Quarter
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First Nine Months
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2008
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2007
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2008
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2007
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(Unaudited)
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(Unaudited)
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Revenues:
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Insurance and Other:
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Insurance premiums earned
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$ 6,465
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$ 6,020
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$ 18,905
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$ 25,484
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Sales and service revenues
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17,323
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15,092
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49,415
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43,073
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Interest, dividend and other investment income
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1,143
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1,274
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3,588
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3,678
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Investment gains/losses
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(298
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)
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3,001
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59
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4,048
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24,633
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25,387
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71,967
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76,283
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Utilities and Energy:
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Operating revenues
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3,240
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3,067
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9,588
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9,294
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Other
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58
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83
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|
139
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|
189
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3,298
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3,150
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9,727
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9,483
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Finance and Financial Products:
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Interest income
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464
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433
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1,360
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1,283
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Investment gains/losses
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|
2
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|
186
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|
6
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|
191
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Derivative gains/losses
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(1,261
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)
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(122
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)
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(2,213
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)
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340
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Other
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790
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903
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2,347
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2,622
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(5
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)
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1,400
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1,500
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4,436
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27,926
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29,937
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83,194
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90,202
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Costs and expenses:
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Insurance and Other:
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Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses
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4,796
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3,337
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|
12,531
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17,372
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Life and health insurance benefits
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|
441
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432
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1,383
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1,247
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|
Insurance underwriting expenses
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1,102
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1,499
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4,023
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4,212
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Cost of sales and services
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14,316
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12,319
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40,530
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35,169
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Selling, general and administrative expenses
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1,861
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1,732
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5,770
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5,134
|
|
Interest expense
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|
42
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|
42
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|
115
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|
122
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22,558
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19,361
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64,352
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63,256
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Utilities and Energy:
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Cost of sales and operating expenses
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|
2,468
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|
|
2,373
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|
|
|
7,462
|
|
|
|
7,269
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
304
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|
|
|
296
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|
|
|
894
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|
848
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,772
|
|
|
|
2,669
|
|
|
|
8,356
|
|
|
|
8,117
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Finance and Financial Products:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
168
|
|
|
|
143
|
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
|
443
|
|
Other
|
|
|
926
|
|
|
|
917
|
|
|
|
2,586
|
|
|
|
2,651
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,094
|
|
|
|
1,060
|
|
|
|
3,060
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|
|
3,094
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
26,424
|
|
|
|
23,090
|
|
|
|
75,768
|
|
|
|
74,467
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
Earnings before income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
1,502
|
|
|
|
6,847
|
|
|
|
7,426
|
|
|
|
15,735
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
294
|
|
|
|
2,197
|
|
|
|
2,145
|
|
|
|
5,202
|
|
Minority shareholders interests
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
|
267
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings
|
|
|
$ 1,057
|
|
|
|
$ 4,553
|
|
|
|
$ 4,877
|
|
|
|
$ 10,266
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average common shares outstanding *
|
|
|
1,549,226
|
|
|
|
1,547,368
|
|
|
|
1,548,871
|
|
|
|
1,545,128
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings per common share *
|
|
|
$ 682
|
|
|
|
$ 2,942
|
|
|
|
$ 3,149
|
|
|
|
$ 6,644
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Average shares outstanding include average Class A common shares and average Class B common
shares determined on an equivalent Class A common stock basis. Net earnings per share shown
above represents net earnings per equivalent Class A common share. Net earnings per Class B
common share is equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of such amount.
|
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
3
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
Net cash flows from operating activities
|
|
$
|
8,428
|
|
|
$
|
11,351
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
(32,601
|
)
|
|
|
(9,057
|
)
|
Purchases of equity securities
|
|
|
(9,449
|
)
|
|
|
(16,850
|
)
|
Sales of fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
13,166
|
|
|
|
6,781
|
|
Redemptions and maturities of fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
15,675
|
|
|
|
7,408
|
|
Sales of equity securities
|
|
|
2,067
|
|
|
|
5,791
|
|
Purchases of loans and finance receivables
|
|
|
(1,359
|
)
|
|
|
(448
|
)
|
Principal collections on loans and finance receivables
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
|
1,039
|
|
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
|
|
|
(5,860
|
)
|
|
|
(1,628
|
)
|
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
(4,201
|
)
|
|
|
(3,917
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flows from investing activities
|
|
|
(22,021
|
)
|
|
|
(10,399
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from borrowings of finance businesses
|
|
|
5,149
|
|
|
|
1,149
|
|
Proceeds from borrowings of utilities and energy businesses
|
|
|
2,147
|
|
|
|
2,939
|
|
Proceeds from other borrowings
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
Repayments of borrowings of finance businesses
|
|
|
(2,698
|
)
|
|
|
(1,021
|
)
|
Repayments of borrowings of utilities and energy businesses
|
|
|
(2,215
|
)
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
Repayments of other borrowings
|
|
|
(174
|
)
|
|
|
(616
|
)
|
Change in short-term borrowings
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
(414
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
(87
|
)
|
|
|
421
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
2,756
|
|
|
|
2,299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(123
|
)
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(10,960
|
)
|
|
|
3,340
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year *
|
|
|
44,329
|
|
|
|
43,743
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of first nine months *
|
|
$
|
33,369
|
|
|
$
|
47,083
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the period for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
$
|
2,921
|
|
|
$
|
3,096
|
|
Interest of finance and financial products businesses
|
|
|
412
|
|
|
|
441
|
|
Interest of utilities and energy businesses
|
|
|
872
|
|
|
|
795
|
|
Interest of insurance and other businesses
|
|
|
127
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
Non-cash investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments received in connection with the Equitas reinsurance transaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,529
|
|
Liabilities assumed in connection with acquisitions of businesses
|
|
|
4,127
|
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
* Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and Other
|
|
$
|
37,703
|
|
|
$
|
37,977
|
|
Utilities and Energy
|
|
|
1,178
|
|
|
|
343
|
|
Finance and Financial Products
|
|
|
5,448
|
|
|
|
5,423
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
44,329
|
|
|
$
|
43,743
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
End of first nine months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and Other
|
|
$
|
27,899
|
|
|
$
|
38,606
|
|
Utilities and Energy
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
|
1,978
|
|
Finance and Financial Products
|
|
|
4,939
|
|
|
|
6,499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
33,369
|
|
|
$
|
47,083
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
4
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2008
Note 1. General
The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Berkshire
Hathaway Inc. (Berkshire or Company) consolidated with the accounts of all its subsidiaries and
affiliates in which Berkshire holds a controlling financial interest as of the financial statement
date. Reference is made to Berkshires most recently issued Annual Report on Form 10-K (Annual
Report) that included information necessary or useful to understanding Berkshires businesses and
financial statement presentations. In particular, Berkshires significant accounting policies and
practices were presented as Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual
Report. Certain amounts in 2007 have been reclassified to conform with the current year
presentation. Financial information in this Report reflects any adjustments (consisting only of
normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement
of results for the interim periods in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States (GAAP).
For a number of reasons, Berkshires results for interim periods are not normally indicative
of results to be expected for the year. The timing and magnitude of catastrophe losses incurred by
insurance subsidiaries and the estimation error inherent to the process of determining liabilities
for unpaid losses of insurance subsidiaries can be relatively more significant to results of
interim periods than to results for a full year. Variations in the amounts and timing of
investment gains/losses can cause significant variations in periodic net earnings. Investment
gains/losses are recorded when investments are sold, other-than-temporarily impaired or in
instances as required under GAAP, when investments are marked-to-market. In addition, changes in
the fair value of derivative assets/liabilities associated with derivative contracts that do not
qualify for hedge accounting treatment can cause significant variations in periodic net earnings.
Note 2. Business acquisitions
Berkshires long-held acquisition strategy is to purchase businesses with consistent earnings,
good returns on equity, able and honest management and at sensible prices. On March 30, 2007,
Berkshire acquired TTI, Inc., a privately held electronic components distributor headquartered in
Fort Worth, Texas. TTI, Inc. is a leading distributor of passive, interconnect and
electromechanical components. Effective April 1, 2007, Berkshire acquired the intimate apparel
business of VF Corporation. During 2007, Berkshire also acquired other relatively smaller
businesses. Consideration paid for all businesses acquired in 2007 was approximately $1.6 billion.
On March 18, 2008, Berkshire acquired 60% of Marmon Holdings, Inc. (Marmon), a private
company owned by trusts for the benefit of members of the Pritzker Family of Chicago, for $4.5
billion. In the second quarter of 2008, Berkshire acquired additional shares and currently owns
63.6% of Marmon. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, Berkshire will acquire the remaining
minority interests in Marmon over a five to six year period for consideration to be based on the
future earnings of Marmon.
Marmon consists of 125 manufacturing and service businesses that operate independently within
diverse business sectors. These sectors are Wire & Cable, serving energy related markets,
residential and non-residential construction and other industries; Transportation Services &
Engineered Products, including railroad tank cars and intermodal tank containers; Highway
Technologies, primarily serving the heavy-duty highway transportation industry; Distribution
Services for specialty pipe and steel tubing; Flow Products, producing a variety of metal products
and materials for the plumbing, HVAC/R, construction and industrial markets; Industrial Products,
including metal fasteners, safety products and metal fabrication; Construction Services, providing
the leasing and operation of mobile cranes primarily to the energy, mining and petrochemical
markets; Water Treatment equipment for residential, commercial and industrial applications; and
Retail Services, providing store fixtures, food preparation equipment and related services. Marmon
has approximately 19,000 employees and operates more than 250 manufacturing, distribution and
service facilities, primarily in North America, Europe and China.
A preliminary purchase price allocation related to the Marmon acquisition is summarized below
(in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
217
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
970
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
855
|
|
Property, plant and equipment and leased assets
|
|
|
6,280
|
|
Other, primarily goodwill and intangible assets
|
|
|
1,875
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10,197
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and net assets:
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable, accruals and other
liabilities
|
|
$
|
1,040
|
|
Notes payable and other borrowings
|
|
|
1,071
|
|
Income taxes, principally deferred
|
|
|
1,733
|
|
Minority shareholders interest
|
|
|
1,568
|
|
Net assets acquired
|
|
|
4,785
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10,197
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Business acquisitions
(Continued)
The results of operations for each of the businesses acquired are included in Berkshires
consolidated results from the effective date of each acquisition. The following table sets forth
certain unaudited pro forma consolidated earnings data for the first nine months of 2008 and 2007,
as if each acquisition was consummated on the same terms at the beginning of each year. Amounts
are in millions, except earnings per share.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Total revenues
|
|
$
|
84,601
|
|
|
$
|
96,295
|
|
Net earnings
|
|
|
4,961
|
|
|
|
10,326
|
|
Earnings per equivalent Class A common share
|
|
|
3,203
|
|
|
|
6,683
|
|
On September 19, 2008, MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company entered into an agreement to
acquire all of the outstanding shares of Constellation Energy Group, Inc. (Constellation) common
stock for approximately $4.7 billion. Constellation is an energy company which includes a merchant
energy business and Baltimore Gas and Electric Company. In connection with the agreement,
MidAmerican acquired $1 billion of 8% convertible preferred stock of Constellation. The preferred
stock is convertible into common stock and 14% senior notes of Constellation under certain
conditions and under other conditions is mandatorily redeemable on the second anniversary from the
issuance date if not converted. The merger agreement is subject to Constellation shareholder
approval and customary Federal, state, international and local regulatory approvals. The
transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2009.
Note 3. Investments in fixed maturity securities
Data with respect to investments in fixed maturity securities follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and other
|
|
|
Finance and financial products
|
|
|
Sept. 30, 2008
|
|
Dec. 31, 2007
|
|
Sept. 30, 2008
|
|
Dec. 31, 2007
|
Amortized cost
|
|
|
$29,545
|
|
|
|
$27,133
|
|
|
|
$2,990
|
|
|
|
$1,358
|
|
Gross unrealized gains
|
|
|
1,082
|
|
|
|
1,491
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
Gross unrealized losses
|
|
|
(1,043
|
)
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value
|
|
|
$29,584
|
|
|
|
$28,515
|
|
|
|
$3,038
|
|
|
|
$1,473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
of September 30, 2008, fixed maturity securities - Insurance and other included $1.7
billion in Federal Home Loan Bank discount notes that when purchased had maturity dates of more
than three months but no greater than six months. Fixed maturity securities also included
approximately $3.2 billion (Insurance and other - $1.5 billion and Finance and financial products -
$1.7 billion) of investment grade auction rate securities and variable rate demand notes issued by
various states, municipalities and political subdivisions. The interest rates on these instruments
are variable and are periodically reset at up to 35 day intervals. While substantially all of
these securities are insured by third parties, acquisitions were limited to securities where
Berkshire concluded that the underlying credit of the issuers was good without the benefit of an
insurers guarantee. Approximately 60% of these securities were rated A or higher without the
benefit of an insurer guarantee (and approximately 50% of the remaining securities were not rated
on an underlying basis). There were no investments in these securities as of December 31, 2007.
Certain fixed maturity securities of the finance and financial products businesses are
classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost. The carrying value and fair
value of these investments totaled $1,637 million and $1,745 million at September 30, 2008,
respectively. At December 31, 2007, the carrying value and fair value of held-to-maturity
securities totaled $1,583 million and $1,758 million, respectively. Gross unrealized losses at
September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 included $110 million and $60 million, respectively,
related to securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more.
Berkshire has the ability and intent to hold these securities until fair value recovers.
On October 6, 2008, Berkshire acquired $4.4 billion of 11.45% subordinated notes due in 2018
and $2.1 billion of preferred stock of The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company (Wrigley). Dividends on the
preferred stock are payable at a rate of 5% per annum. These securities were acquired in
connection with the Mars, Incorporated acquisition of Wrigley.
Note 4. Investments in equity securities
Data with respect to investments in equity securities follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Total cost
|
|
|
$51,797
|
|
|
|
$44,695
|
|
Gross unrealized gains
|
|
|
26,701
|
|
|
|
31,289
|
|
Gross unrealized losses
|
|
|
(2,456
|
)
|
|
|
(985
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
|
$76,042
|
|
|
|
$74,999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Substantially all of the gross unrealized losses pertain to security positions that have been
held for less than 12 months. Berkshire has the ability and intent to hold these securities until
fair value recovers.
6
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 4. Investments in equity securities
(Continued)
In October 2008, Berkshire acquired newly issued perpetual preferred stock of The Goldman
Sachs Group, Inc. (GS) and The General Electric Company (GE) with an aggregate liquidation
value of $8 billion together with warrants to acquire common stock of these entities over a five
year period. The aggregate cost of these investments was $8 billion. Dividends are payable on the
preferred stock at a rate of 10% per annum. The warrants expire in October 2013 and give Berkshire
the right to acquire (a) up to approximately 43.5 million shares of GS common stock at a price of
$115 per share and (b) up to approximately 134.8 million shares of GE common stock at a price of
$22.25 per share.
Note 5. Derivative contracts of finance and financial products businesses
Berkshire utilizes derivative contracts in order to manage certain economic business risks as
well as to assume specified amounts of market risk from others. The contracts summarized in the
following table, with limited exceptions, are not designated as hedges for financial reporting
purposes. Changes in the fair values of derivative assets and derivative liabilities that do not
qualify as hedges are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as derivative
gains/losses. Master netting agreements are utilized to manage counterparty credit risk, where
gains and losses are netted across other contracts with that counterparty.
Under certain circumstances, including a downgrade of its credit rating below specified
levels, Berkshire may be required to post collateral against derivative contract liabilities.
However, Berkshire is not required to post collateral with respect to most of its credit default
and equity index put option contracts and at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, Berkshire
had posted no collateral with counterparties as security on these contracts.
A summary of the fair value and gross notional value of open derivative contracts of finance
and financial products businesses follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2008
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Assets *
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Value
|
|
Assets*
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Value
|
Credit default obligations
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,525
|
|
|
$10,780
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,838
|
|
|
$ 4,660
|
Equity index put options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,725
|
|
|
37,042
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,610
|
|
|
35,043
|
Other
|
|
|
251
|
|
|
|
347
|
|
|
|
|
|
699
|
|
|
|
439
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative contract assets and liabilities
|
|
$
|
251
|
|
|
$
|
9,597
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
699
|
|
|
$
|
6,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Included in other assets of finance and financial products businesses.
Note 6. Fair value measurements
Effective January 1, 2008, Berkshire adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value
Measurements (SFAS 157) with respect to fair value measurements of financial assets and
liabilities. Under SFAS 157, fair value is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability
between market participants as of the measurement date. Fair value measurements assume the asset
or liability is exchanged in an orderly manner; the exchange is in the principal market for that
asset or liability (or in the most advantageous market when no principal market exists); and the
market participants are independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange. SFAS
157 also clarifies that the reporting entitys nonperformance risk (credit risk) should be
considered in valuing liabilities.
SFAS 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value by creating a hierarchy for
observable independent market inputs and unobservable market assumptions and expands disclosures
about fair value measurements. Considerable judgment may be required in interpreting market data
used to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not
necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. The use
of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the
estimated fair value.
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September
30, 2008 are summarized in the following table by the type of inputs applicable to the fair value
measurements (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted
|
|
Significant Other
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Prices
|
|
Observable Inputs
|
|
Unobservable Inputs
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
(Level 3)
|
Insurance and other:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
29,584
|
|
|
$
|
5,452
|
|
|
$
|
23,910
|
|
|
$
|
222
|
|
Investments in equity securities
|
|
|
76,042
|
|
|
|
75,634
|
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
323
|
|
Finance and financial products:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
4,783
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
4,611
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
Net derivative contract liabilities
|
|
|
9,346
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
9,249
|
|
7
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 6. Fair value measurements
(Continued)
A description of the inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities summarized in the
preceding table follows.
Level 1
Inputs represent unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or
liabilities exchanged in active markets.
Level 2
Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs other than Level 1
inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities exchanged in active or inactive
markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities exchanged in inactive markets; other
inputs that are considered in fair value determinations of the assets or liabilities, such as
interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities,
prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates; and inputs that are derived
principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3
Inputs include unobservable inputs used in the measurement of assets and
liabilities. Management is required to use its own assumptions regarding unobservable inputs
because there is little, if any, market activity in the assets or
liabilities or related observable
inputs that can be corroborated at the measurement date. Measurements of non-exchange traded
derivative contract assets and liabilities are primarily based on valuation models, discounted
cash flow models or other valuation techniques that are believed to be used by market
participants. Unobservable inputs require management to make certain projections and
assumptions about the information that would be used by market
participants in pricing assets
or liabilities.
A reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis with
the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) from January 1, 2008 to September 30, 2008
follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and other
|
|
|
Finance and financial products
|
|
|
|
Investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
in fixed
|
|
Investments
|
|
in fixed
|
|
|
derivative
|
|
|
maturity
|
|
in equity
|
|
maturity
|
|
|
contract
|
|
|
securities
|
|
securities
|
|
securities
|
|
|
liabilities
|
Balance at January 1, 2008
|
|
|
$ 239
|
|
|
|
$ 356
|
|
|
|
$ 154
|
|
|
|
$ (6,448
|
)
|
Gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings *
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,209
|
)
|
Other comprehensive income
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
(592
|
)
|
Transfers into (out of) Level 3
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at September 30, 2008
|
|
|
$ 222
|
|
|
|
$ 323
|
|
|
|
$ 137
|
|
|
|
$ (9,249
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Gains and losses related to changes in valuations are included in the Consolidated Statements
of Earnings as a component of investment gains/losses or derivative gains/losses, as
appropriate. Substantially all of the losses included in earnings were unrealized losses
related to liabilities outstanding as of September 30, 2008.
|
Effective January 1, 2008, Berkshire adopted SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115,
which permits entities to elect to measure eligible items at fair value at specified dates.
Berkshire did not elect the fair value option for any eligible items.
In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial
Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (FSP FAS 157-3), which was effective upon
issuance including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. Berkshire
applied the guidance of FSP FAS 157-3 when preparing the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
for the period ended September 30, 2008.
Note 7. Loans and receivables
Receivables of insurance and other businesses are comprised of the following (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Insurance premiums receivable
|
|
|
$ 5,529
|
|
|
|
$ 4,215
|
|
Reinsurance recoverables
|
|
|
3,166
|
|
|
|
3,171
|
|
Trade and other receivables
|
|
|
7,865
|
|
|
|
6,127
|
|
Allowances for uncollectible accounts
|
|
|
(429
|
)
|
|
|
(356
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 16,131
|
|
|
|
$ 13,157
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 7. Loans and receivables
(Continued)
Loans and finance receivables of finance and financial products businesses are comprised of
the following (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer installment loans and finance receivables
|
|
|
$ 13,038
|
|
|
|
$ 11,506
|
|
Commercial loans and finance receivables
|
|
|
983
|
|
|
|
1,003
|
|
Allowances for uncollectible loans
|
|
|
(251
|
)
|
|
|
(150
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 13,770
|
|
|
|
$ 12,359
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 8. Property, plant and equipment of utilities and energy businesses
Property, plant and equipment of the utilities and energy businesses are summarized as follows
(in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ranges of
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
estimated useful life
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utility generation, distribution and transmission system
|
|
5-85 years
|
|
|
$ 31,702
|
|
|
|
$ 30,369
|
|
Interstate pipeline assets
|
|
3-67 years
|
|
|
5,523
|
|
|
|
5,484
|
|
Independent power plants and other assets
|
|
3-30 years
|
|
|
1,289
|
|
|
|
1,330
|
|
Construction in progress
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,522
|
|
|
|
1,745
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,036
|
|
|
|
38,928
|
|
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13,016
|
)
|
|
|
(12,707
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 28,020
|
|
|
|
$ 26,221
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The utility generation, distribution and transmission system and interstate pipeline assets
are the regulated assets of public utility and natural gas pipeline subsidiaries. At September 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, accumulated depreciation and amortization related to regulated assets
totaled $12.6 billion and $12.3 billion, respectively. Substantially all of the construction in
progress at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 related to the construction of regulated
assets.
Note 9. Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw materials
|
|
|
$ 1,190
|
|
|
|
$ 897
|
|
Work in process and other
|
|
|
674
|
|
|
|
479
|
|
Finished manufactured goods
|
|
|
2,453
|
|
|
|
1,781
|
|
Purchased goods
|
|
|
3,002
|
|
|
|
2,636
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 7,319
|
|
|
|
$ 5,793
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 10. Income taxes, principally deferred
The liability for income taxes as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 as reflected in
the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payable currently
|
|
|
$ (284
|
)
|
|
|
$ (182
|
)
|
Deferred
|
|
|
16,446
|
|
|
|
18,156
|
|
Other
|
|
|
756
|
|
|
|
851
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 16,918
|
|
|
|
$ 18,825
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 11. Notes payable and other borrowings
Notes payable and other borrowings of Berkshire and its subsidiaries are summarized below (in
millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Insurance and other:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued or guaranteed by Berkshire
|
|
|
$ 2,078
|
|
|
|
$ 1,682
|
|
Issued by subsidiaries and not guaranteed by Berkshire *
|
|
|
1,990
|
|
|
|
998
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 4,068
|
|
|
|
$ 2,680
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* At September 30, 2008, includes borrowings of $1.0 billion of Marmon.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Utilities and energy:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued by MidAmerican and its subsidiaries and not guaranteed by Berkshire:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MidAmerican senior unsecured debt
|
|
|
$ 5,121
|
|
|
|
$ 5,471
|
|
Subsidiary debt
|
|
|
13,568
|
|
|
|
13,227
|
|
Other
|
|
|
306
|
|
|
|
304
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 18,995
|
|
|
|
$ 19,002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subsidiary debt of utilities and energy businesses represents amounts issued by subsidiaries
of MidAmerican pursuant to separate financing agreements. All or substantially all of the assets
of certain utility subsidiaries are or may be pledged or encumbered to support or otherwise secure
the debt. These borrowing arrangements generally contain various covenants including, but not
limited to, leverage ratios, interest coverage ratios and debt service coverage ratios. As of
September 30, 2008, MidAmerican and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all applicable
covenants. During the first nine months of 2008, MidAmerican and its subsidiaries issued $2.2
billion of notes with maturities ranging from 2012 to 2038.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Finance and financial products:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued by Berkshire Hathaway Finance Corporation (BHFC) and guaranteed
by Berkshire
|
|
|
$ 11,826
|
|
|
|
$ 8,886
|
|
Issued by other subsidiaries and guaranteed by Berkshire
|
|
|
714
|
|
|
|
804
|
|
Issued by other subsidiaries and not guaranteed by Berkshire
|
|
|
1,955
|
|
|
|
2,454
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 14,495
|
|
|
|
$ 12,144
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the first nine months of 2008, BHFC issued $5.0 billion of senior notes with maturities
ranging from 2011 to 2018, and repaid $2.05 billion of maturing notes. An additional $1.05 billion
of BHFC notes matured on October 15, 2008. Borrowings by BHFC are used to provide financing for
consumer installment loans.
Note 12. Common stock
The following table summarizes Berkshires common stock activity during the first nine months
of 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A common stock
|
|
Class B common stock
|
|
|
(1,650,000 shares
authorized)
|
|
(55,000,000 shares
authorized)
|
|
|
Issued and Outstanding
|
|
Issued and Outstanding
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,081,024
|
|
|
|
14,000,080
|
|
Common stock issued
|
|
|
955
|
|
|
|
17,343
|
|
Conversions of Class A common stock
to Class B common stock
|
|
|
(15,944
|
)
|
|
|
478,320
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at September 30, 2008
|
|
|
1,066,035
|
|
|
|
14,495,743
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each share of Class A common stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into thirty
shares of Class B common stock. Class B common stock is not convertible into Class A common stock.
Class B common stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of
Class A common stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A common stock basis, there are
1,549,226 shares outstanding at September 30, 2008 and 1,547,693 shares outstanding at December 31,
2007. Each Class A common share is entitled to one vote per share. Each Class B common share
possesses the voting rights of one-two-hundredth (1/200) of the voting rights of a Class A share.
Class A and Class B common shares vote together as a single class. In January 2008, Berkshire
issued 955 shares of Class A common stock to acquire certain minority shareholder interests in
MidAmerican.
10
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 13. Comprehensive income
Berkshires comprehensive income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 and 2007
is shown in the table below (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Net earnings
|
|
|
$ 1,057
|
|
|
|
$ 4,553
|
|
|
|
$ 4,877
|
|
|
|
$ 10,266
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in unrealized appreciation of investments
|
|
|
3,184
|
|
|
|
(236
|
)
|
|
|
(7,504
|
)
|
|
|
535
|
|
Applicable income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
(1,172
|
)
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
2,626
|
|
|
|
(199
|
)
|
Other, principally foreign currency translation
|
|
|
(1,056
|
)
|
|
|
269
|
|
|
|
(937
|
)
|
|
|
534
|
|
Applicable income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
147
|
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
(104
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,103
|
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
(5,636
|
)
|
|
|
766
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
$ 2,160
|
|
|
|
$ 4,612
|
|
|
|
$ (759
|
)
|
|
|
$ 11,032
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 14. Equitas reinsurance agreement
Effective March 30, 2007, the Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Groups lead insurance entity,
National Indemnity Company (NICO) and Equitas, a London based entity established to reinsure and
manage the 1992 and prior years non-life insurance and reinsurance liabilities of the Names or
Underwriters at Lloyds of London, entered into an agreement for NICO to initially provide up to
$5.7 billion and to potentially provide up to an additional $1.3 billion of reinsurance to Equitas
in excess of its undiscounted loss and allocated loss adjustment expense reserves as of March 31,
2006. NICO received substantially all of Equitas assets as consideration under the arrangement.
The fair value of such consideration was $7.1 billion which included cash and miscellaneous
receivables ($540 million) plus a combination of fixed maturity and equity securities which were
delivered in April 2007. The cash and miscellaneous receivables received are included in the
accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for 2007 as components of operating
cash flows. The investment securities received are reported as a non-cash investing activity. The
Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the first nine months of 2007 includes premiums earned of
$7.1 billion and losses incurred of $7.1 billion from this transaction.
Note 15. Pension plans
The components of net periodic pension expense for the third quarter and first nine months of
2008 and 2007 are as follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Service cost
|
|
|
$ 44
|
|
|
|
$ 49
|
|
|
|
$ 135
|
|
|
|
$ 150
|
|
Interest cost
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
342
|
|
|
|
329
|
|
Expected return on plan assets
|
|
|
(118
|
)
|
|
|
(114
|
)
|
|
|
(354
|
)
|
|
|
(332
|
)
|
Amortization of prior service costs and gains/losses
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 48
|
|
|
|
$ 61
|
|
|
|
$ 140
|
|
|
|
$ 197
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 16. Accounting pronouncements to be adopted in the future
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS
141R). SFAS 141R changes the accounting model for business combinations from a cost allocation
standard to a standard that provides, with limited exceptions, for the recognition at fair value of
all identifiable assets and liabilities of the business acquired, regardless of whether 100% or a
lesser controlling interest of the business is acquired. SFAS 141R defines the acquisition date of
a business acquisition as the date on which control is achieved (generally the closing date of the
acquisition). SFAS 141R requires the recognition of assets and liabilities arising from
contractual and non-contractual contingencies meeting a more-likely-than-not threshold at fair
value as of the acquisition date. SFAS 141R also provides that acquisition costs are expensed when
incurred and expands disclosures. SFAS 141R is effective for business acquisitions with
acquisition dates on or after January 1, 2009.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated
Financial Statements an amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and
reporting standards for non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries (formerly minority
interests) and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary and also amends certain consolidation
procedures for consistency with SFAS 141R. Under SFAS 160, non-controlling interests are reported
in the consolidated statement of financial position as a separate component within shareholders
equity. Net earnings and comprehensive income attributable to controlling and non-controlling
interests are to be shown separately in the consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive
income. Changes in ownership interests of a non-controlling
11
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 16. Accounting pronouncements to be adopted in the future
(Continued)
interest where the parent retains a controlling interest are to be reported as equity transactions.
SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. When adopted, SFAS
160 is to be applied prospectively at the beginning of the year, except that the presentation and
disclosure requirements are applied retrospectively for all periods presented.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 requires
enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why derivative instruments are used, (b) how derivative
instruments and related hedged items are accounted for and (c) how derivative instruments and
related hedged items affect an entitys financial position, financial performance and cash flows.
SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods
beginning after November 15, 2008.
In September 2008, the FASB also issued FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4, Disclosures about Credit
Derivatives and Certain Guarantees, which requires additional disclosures specifically related to
credit derivatives and is effective for annual and interim periods ending after November 15, 2008.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance
Contracts (SFAS 163). SFAS 163 clarifies accounting standards applicable to financial guarantee
insurance contracts and specifies certain disclosures. SFAS 163 is generally effective for
financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.
Berkshire is evaluating the impact that these pronouncements will have on its consolidated
financial statements but currently does not anticipate that the adoption of these pronouncements
will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 17. Business segment data
Berkshires consolidated segment data for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 and
2007 is as follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
Operating Businesses:
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Insurance group:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums earned:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GEICO
|
|
|
$ 3,150
|
|
|
|
$ 2,999
|
|
|
|
$ 9,268
|
|
|
|
$ 8,796
|
|
General Re
|
|
|
1,458
|
|
|
|
1,491
|
|
|
|
4,650
|
|
|
|
4,587
|
|
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
|
|
|
1,383
|
|
|
|
1,033
|
|
|
|
3,523
|
|
|
|
10,635
|
|
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
|
1,464
|
|
|
|
1,466
|
|
Investment income
|
|
|
1,080
|
|
|
|
1,220
|
|
|
|
3,400
|
|
|
|
3,554
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total insurance group
|
|
|
7,545
|
|
|
|
7,240
|
|
|
|
22,305
|
|
|
|
29,038
|
|
Finance and financial products
|
|
|
1,258
|
|
|
|
1,343
|
|
|
|
3,719
|
|
|
|
3,917
|
|
Marmon *
|
|
|
1,878
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,044
|
|
|
|
|
|
McLane Company
|
|
|
7,634
|
|
|
|
7,293
|
|
|
|
21,892
|
|
|
|
20,849
|
|
MidAmerican
|
|
|
3,298
|
|
|
|
3,150
|
|
|
|
9,727
|
|
|
|
9,483
|
|
Shaw Industries
|
|
|
1,357
|
|
|
|
1,392
|
|
|
|
3,918
|
|
|
|
4,084
|
|
Other businesses
|
|
|
6,521
|
|
|
|
6,515
|
|
|
|
19,898
|
|
|
|
18,681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,491
|
|
|
|
26,933
|
|
|
|
85,503
|
|
|
|
86,052
|
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment and derivative gains/losses
|
|
|
(1,557
|
)
|
|
|
3,063
|
|
|
|
(2,148
|
)
|
|
|
4,579
|
|
Eliminations and other
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
(59
|
)
|
|
|
(161
|
)
|
|
|
(429
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 27,926
|
|
|
|
$ 29,937
|
|
|
|
$ 83,194
|
|
|
|
$ 90,202
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Includes results from the acquisition date of March 18, 2008.
|
12
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 17. Business segment data
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings before taxes
|
|
|
|
and minority interests
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
Operating Businesses:
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Insurance group:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underwriting:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GEICO
|
|
|
$ 246
|
|
|
|
$ 335
|
|
|
|
$ 730
|
|
|
|
$ 955
|
|
General Re
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
|
198
|
|
|
|
417
|
|
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
|
|
|
(166
|
)
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
1,092
|
|
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
|
189
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1,074
|
|
|
|
1,217
|
|
|
|
3,367
|
|
|
|
3,531
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total insurance group
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
|
1,969
|
|
|
|
4,335
|
|
|
|
6,184
|
|
Finance and financial products
|
|
|
163
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
|
792
|
|
Marmon *
|
|
|
247
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
536
|
|
|
|
|
|
McLane Company
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
MidAmerican
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
|
481
|
|
|
|
1,371
|
|
|
|
1,366
|
|
Shaw Industries
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
125
|
|
|
|
182
|
|
|
|
327
|
|
Other businesses
|
|
|
749
|
|
|
|
895
|
|
|
|
2,316
|
|
|
|
2,431
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,002
|
|
|
|
3,793
|
|
|
|
9,607
|
|
|
|
11,280
|
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment and derivative gains/losses
|
|
|
(1,557
|
)
|
|
|
3,063
|
|
|
|
(2,148
|
)
|
|
|
4,579
|
|
Interest expense, excluding interest allocated to business segments
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
|
|
(26
|
)
|
|
|
(41
|
)
|
Eliminations and other
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
(83
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 1,502
|
|
|
|
$ 6,847
|
|
|
|
$ 7,426
|
|
|
|
$ 15,735
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Includes results from the acquisition date of March 18, 2008.
|
Note 18. Contingencies
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties in a variety of legal actions arising out of the
normal course of business. In particular, such legal actions affect Berkshires insurance and
reinsurance businesses. Such litigation generally seeks to establish liability directly through
insurance contracts or indirectly through reinsurance contracts issued by Berkshire subsidiaries.
Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Berkshire does not believe that such
normal and routine litigation will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of
operations. Berkshire and certain of its subsidiaries are also involved in other kinds of legal
actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines and penalties in
substantial amounts.
a)
Governmental Investigations
Berkshire, General Re Corporation (General Re) and certain of Berkshires insurance
subsidiaries, including General Reinsurance Corporation (General Reinsurance) and National
Indemnity Company (NICO) have been continuing to cooperate fully with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC), the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern
District of Virginia and the New York State Attorney General (NYAG) in their ongoing
investigations of non-traditional products. General Re originally received subpoenas from the SEC
and NYAG in January 2005. Berkshire, General Re, General Reinsurance and NICO have been providing
information to the government relating to transactions between General Reinsurance or NICO (or
their respective subsidiaries or affiliates) and other insurers in response to the January 2005
subpoenas and related requests and, in the case of General Reinsurance (or its subsidiaries or
affiliates), in response to subpoenas from other U.S. Attorneys conducting investigations relating
to certain of these transactions. In particular, Berkshire and General Re have been responding to
requests from the government for information relating to certain transactions that may have been
accounted for incorrectly by counterparties of General Reinsurance (or its subsidiaries or
affiliates). The government has interviewed a number of current and former officers and employees
of General Re and General Reinsurance as well as Berkshires Chairman and CEO, Warren E. Buffett,
in connection with these investigations.
In one case, a transaction initially effected with American International Group (AIG) in
late 2000 (the AIG Transaction), AIG has corrected its prior accounting for the transaction on
the grounds, as stated in AIGs 2004 10-K, that the transaction was done to accomplish a desired
accounting result and did not entail sufficient qualifying risk transfer to support reinsurance
accounting. General Reinsurance has been named in related civil actions brought against AIG. As
part of their ongoing investigations, governmental authorities have also inquired about the
accounting by certain of Berkshires insurance subsidiaries for certain assumed and ceded finite
reinsurance transactions.
13
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Contingencies
(Continued)
In June 2005, John Houldsworth, the former Chief Executive Officer of Cologne Reinsurance
Company (Dublin) Limited (CRD), a subsidiary of General Re, and Richard Napier, a former Senior
Vice President of General Re who had served as an account representative for the AIG account, each
pleaded guilty to a federal criminal charge of conspiring with others to misstate certain AIG
financial statements in connection with the AIG Transaction and entered into a partial settlement
agreement with the SEC with respect to such matters.
On February 25, 2008, Ronald Ferguson, General Res former Chief Executive Officer, Elizabeth
Monrad, General Res former Chief Financial Officer, Christopher Garand, a former General
Reinsurance Senior Vice President and Robert Graham, a former General Reinsurance Senior Vice
President and Assistant General Counsel, were each convicted in a trial in the U.S. District Court
for the District of Connecticut on charges of conspiracy, mail fraud, securities fraud and making
false statements to the SEC in connection with the AIG Transaction. These individuals have the
right to appeal their convictions. Following their convictions, each of these individuals agreed
to a judgment on a forfeiture allegation which required them to be jointly and severally liable for
a payment of $5 million to the U.S. government. This $5 million amount, which represented the fee
received by General Reinsurance in connection with the AIG Transaction, was paid by General
Reinsurance in April 2008. Each of these individuals, who had previously received a Wells notice
in 2005 from the SEC, is also the subject of an SEC enforcement action for allegedly aiding and
abetting AIGs violations of the antifraud provisions and other provisions of the federal
securities laws in connection with the AIG Transaction. The SEC case is presently stayed. Joseph
Brandon, who resigned as the Chief Executive Officer of General Re effective on April 14, 2008,
also received a Wells notice from the SEC in 2005.
Berkshire understands that the government is evaluating the actions of General Re and its
subsidiaries to determine whether General Re or its subsidiaries conspired with others to misstate
counterparty financial statements or aided and abetted such misstatements by the counterparties.
Berkshire believes that government authorities are continuing to evaluate possible legal actions
against General Re and its subsidiaries.
Various state insurance departments have issued subpoenas or otherwise requested that General
Reinsurance, NICO and their affiliates provide documents and information relating to
non-traditional products. The Office of the Connecticut Attorney General has also issued a subpoena
to General Reinsurance for information relating to non-traditional products. General Reinsurance,
NICO and their affiliates have been cooperating fully with these subpoenas and requests.
CRD is also providing information to and cooperating fully with the Irish Financial Services
Regulatory Authority in its inquiries regarding the activities of CRD. The Office of the Director
of Corporate Enforcement in Ireland is conducting a preliminary evaluation in relation to CRD
concerning, in particular, transactions between CRD and AIG. CRD is cooperating fully with this
preliminary evaluation.
Berkshire cannot at this time predict the outcome of these matters and is unable to estimate a
range of possible loss and cannot predict whether or not the outcomes will have a material adverse
effect on Berkshires business or results of operations for at least the quarterly period when
these matters are completed or otherwise resolved.
b)
Civil Litigation
Reference is made to Note 19 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2007 for detailed discussion of such actions. There have been no material developments related to
such actions since December 31, 2007.
14
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of Operations
Net earnings for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 and 2007 are disaggregated in
the table that follows. Amounts are after deducting minority interests and income taxes. Amounts
are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Insurance underwriting
|
|
|
$ 81
|
|
|
|
$ 486
|
|
|
|
$ 622
|
|
|
|
$ 1,719
|
|
Insurance investment income
|
|
|
809
|
|
|
|
922
|
|
|
|
2,495
|
|
|
|
2,532
|
|
Utilities and energy
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
|
354
|
|
|
|
848
|
|
|
|
878
|
|
Manufacturing, service and retailing
|
|
|
665
|
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
|
1,871
|
|
|
|
1,738
|
|
Finance and financial products
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
171
|
|
|
|
397
|
|
|
|
499
|
|
Other
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
(82
|
)
|
Investment and derivative gains/losses
|
|
|
(1,012
|
)
|
|
|
1,992
|
|
|
|
(1,393
|
)
|
|
|
2,982
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings
|
|
|
$ 1,057
|
|
|
|
$ 4,553
|
|
|
|
$ 4,877
|
|
|
|
$ 10,266
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berkshires operating businesses are managed on an unusually decentralized basis. There are
essentially no centralized or integrated business functions (such as sales, marketing, purchasing,
legal or human resources) and there is minimal involvement by Berkshires corporate headquarters in
the day-to-day business activities of the operating businesses. Berkshires corporate office
management participates in and is ultimately responsible for significant capital allocation
decisions, investment activities and the selection of the Chief Executive to head each of the
operating businesses. The business segment data (Note 17 to the Interim Consolidated Financial
Statements) should be read in conjunction with this discussion.
Insurance Underwriting
A summary follows of underwriting results from Berkshires insurance businesses for the third
quarter and first nine months of 2008 and 2007. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Underwriting gain/loss attributable to:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GEICO
|
|
|
$ 246
|
|
|
|
$ 335
|
|
|
|
$ 730
|
|
|
|
$ 955
|
|
General Re
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
|
198
|
|
|
|
417
|
|
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
|
|
|
(166
|
)
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
1,092
|
|
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
|
189
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain
|
|
|
126
|
|
|
|
752
|
|
|
|
968
|
|
|
|
2,653
|
|
Income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
|
346
|
|
|
|
934
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net underwriting gain
|
|
|
$ 81
|
|
|
|
$ 486
|
|
|
|
$ 622
|
|
|
|
$ 1,719
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berkshire engages in both primary insurance and reinsurance of property and casualty risks.
Through General Re, Berkshire also reinsures life and health risks. In primary insurance
activities, Berkshire subsidiaries assume defined portions of the risks of loss from persons or
organizations that are directly subject to the risks. In reinsurance activities, Berkshire
subsidiaries assume defined portions of similar or dissimilar risks that other insurers or
reinsurers have subjected themselves to in their own insuring activities. Berkshires principal
insurance and reinsurance businesses are: (1) GEICO, (2) General Re, (3) Berkshire Hathaway
Reinsurance Group and (4) Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group.
Berkshires management views insurance businesses as possessing two distinct operations
underwriting and investing. Underwriting decisions are the responsibility of the unit managers;
investing decisions are the responsibility of Berkshires Chairman and CEO, Warren E. Buffett,
except for selected investment portfolios which are the responsibility of investment managers at
GEICO and General Re. Accordingly, Berkshire evaluates performance of underwriting operations
without any allocation of investment income.
A significant marketing strategy followed by Berkshires insurance businesses is the
maintenance of extraordinary capital strength. Combined statutory surplus of Berkshires insurance
businesses was approximately $62 billion at December 31, 2007. This superior capital strength
creates opportunities, especially with respect to reinsurance activities, to negotiate and enter
into insurance and reinsurance contracts specially designed to meet the unique needs of insurance
and reinsurance buyers.
Periodic underwriting results are affected significantly by changes in estimates for unpaid
losses and loss adjustment expenses, including amounts established for occurrences in prior years.
In addition, the timing and amount of catastrophe losses produce significant volatility in periodic
underwriting results. Hurricanes and tropical storms affecting the United States and Caribbean
tend to occur between June and December. Except for retroactive reinsurance business, underwriting
operations are managed with the objective of earning net underwriting gains over the long term.
15
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Insurance Underwriting
(Continued)
Underwriting gains in 2008 are substantially lower than in 2007 as price competition has
steadily increased over the past two years in most property and casualty markets. In addition,
Berkshires property and casualty reinsurance operations benefited from relatively insignificant
levels of catastrophe losses in 2007. During the third quarter of 2008, Berkshires underwriting
results include estimated losses of approximately $1,050 million from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike.
Additional information regarding Berkshires insurance and reinsurance operations follows.
GEICO
GEICO primarily provides private passenger automobile coverages to insureds in 49 states and
the District of Columbia. GEICO policies are marketed mainly by direct response methods in which
customers apply for coverage directly to the company via the Internet, over the telephone or
through the mail. This is a significant element in GEICOs strategy to be a low cost insurer. In
addition, GEICO strives to provide excellent service to customers, with the goal of establishing
long-term customer relationships. GEICOs pre-tax underwriting results for the third quarter and
first nine months of 2008 and 2007 are summarized in the table below. Dollar amounts are in
millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
%
|
|
Premiums earned
|
|
|
$ 3,150
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
$ 2,999
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
$ 9,268
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
$ 8,796
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Losses and loss expenses
|
|
|
2,350
|
|
|
|
74.6
|
|
|
|
2,089
|
|
|
|
69.6
|
|
|
|
6,868
|
|
|
|
74.1
|
|
|
|
6,227
|
|
|
|
70.8
|
|
Underwriting expenses
|
|
|
554
|
|
|
|
17.6
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
19.2
|
|
|
|
1,670
|
|
|
|
18.0
|
|
|
|
1,614
|
|
|
|
18.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total losses and expenses
|
|
|
2,904
|
|
|
|
92.2
|
|
|
|
2,664
|
|
|
|
88.8
|
|
|
|
8,538
|
|
|
|
92.1
|
|
|
|
7,841
|
|
|
|
89.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain
|
|
|
$ 246
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 335
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 955
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums earned in 2008 exceeded amounts earned in 2007 by $151 million (5.0%) for the third
quarter and $472 million (5.4%) for the first nine months. The growth in premiums earned for
voluntary auto reflected an increase in policies-in-force of 7.2% partially offset by comparatively
lower average premiums per policy, which have leveled off over the course of 2008.
Policies-in-force over the last twelve months increased 5.9% in the preferred risk auto markets and
11.2% in the standard and nonstandard risk auto markets. Voluntary auto new business sales in the
first nine months of 2008 declined 1.9% versus 2007. Voluntary auto policies-in-force at September
30, 2008 were 459,000 greater than at December 31, 2007.
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred in 2008 increased $261 million (12.5%) for the
third quarter and $641 million (10.3%) for the first nine months compared with 2007. The loss
ratio was 74.1% in the first nine months of 2008 compared to 70.8% in 2007. Incurred losses from
catastrophe events were $28 million for the third quarter and $88 million for the first nine months
of 2008 compared to $14 million and $33 million, respectively, in the corresponding 2007 periods.
Overall, the loss ratios in 2008 reflected an increase in average claim severities and lower
average premiums per policy, partially offset by declines in claim frequencies. Average injury and
physical damage severities in 2008 increased in the five to eight percent range from 2007. Claim
frequencies in 2008 for physical damage coverages decreased in the eight to ten percent range from
2007 while frequencies for injury coverages decreased in the five to seven percent range.
Management anticipates that the loss ratio for the fourth quarter of 2008 will be higher than in
2007, resulting in lower underwriting gains compared to 2007. Underwriting expenses incurred in
the first nine months of 2008 were $1,670 million, an increase of 3.5% compared to 2007. The
increase in underwriting expenses included a 10% increase in
advertising and certain other policy
acquisition costs.
General Re
General Re conducts a reinsurance business offering property and casualty and life and health
coverages to clients worldwide. Property and casualty reinsurance is written in North America on a
direct basis through General Reinsurance Corporation and internationally through 95% owned Cologne
Re (based in Germany) and other wholly-owned affiliates. Property and casualty reinsurance is also
written through brokers by Faraday in London. Life and health reinsurance is written worldwide
through Cologne Re. General Re strives to generate underwriting gains in essentially all of its
product lines. Underwriting performance is not evaluated based upon market share and underwriters
are instructed to reject inadequately priced risks. General Res underwriting results for the
third quarter and first nine months of 2008 and 2007 are summarized in the table below. Amounts
are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums earned
|
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain/loss
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Property/casualty
|
|
|
$ 819
|
|
|
|
$ 885
|
|
|
|
$ 2,678
|
|
|
|
$ 2,750
|
|
|
|
$ (13
|
)
|
|
|
$ 117
|
|
|
|
$ 57
|
|
|
|
$ 294
|
|
Life/health
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
|
1,972
|
|
|
|
1,837
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 1,458
|
|
|
|
$ 1,491
|
|
|
|
$ 4,650
|
|
|
|
$ 4,587
|
|
|
|
$ 54
|
|
|
|
$ 157
|
|
|
|
$ 198
|
|
|
|
$ 417
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
General Re (Continued)
Property/casualty
Property/casualty premiums earned in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 declined
$66 million (7.5%) and $72 million (2.6%), respectively, versus the corresponding 2007 periods.
Premiums earned in the first nine months of 2008 included $205 million with respect to a
reinsurance to close transaction in the first quarter, which increased General Res economic
interest in the runoff of Lloyds Syndicate 435s 2000 year of account from 39% to 100%. A similar
reinsurance to close transaction in the first quarter of 2007 generated earned premiums of $114
million and increased General Res economic interest in the runoff of Lloyds Syndicate 435s 2001
year of account from 60% to 100%. In each transaction, General Re assumed a corresponding amount
of net loss reserves and as a result these transactions had no impact on underwriting gains or
losses. General Re now possesses 100% of the economic interest in Lloyds Syndicate 435.
Excluding the increase in premiums earned from the reinsurance to close transactions and the
effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes, premiums earned in the first nine months of 2008
decreased $256 million (9.7%). The reduced premium volume reflects continued underwriting
discipline by declining to accept business where pricing is considered inadequate. Price
competition continues to put downward pressure on premium rates in most reinsurance markets.
Absent any major new business or significant transactions, premium volume will likely decline
further over the remainder of 2008 when compared with 2007, as non-renewals and policy
cancellations are expected to exceed new business.
The property/casualty business produced an underwriting loss of $13 million in the third
quarter and an underwriting gain of $57 million in the first nine months of 2008 compared with
underwriting gains of $117 million and $294 million in the respective 2007 periods. Underwriting
results for the first nine months of 2008 included net gains of $126 million from property business
and net losses of $69 million from casualty and workers compensation business. Property results
for the first nine months of 2008 included $186 million of catastrophe losses arising primarily
from Hurricanes Ike and Gustav in the third quarter, and winter storm Emma in Germany and
hailstorms in Europe, which occurred in the first half of the year. The loss from casualty and
workers compensation business for the first nine months of 2008 included $90 million of recurring
workers compensation reserve discount accretion and deferred charge amortization. Underwriting
results for the first nine months of 2007 were comprised of net gains of $352 million from property
business and net losses of $58 million from casualty and workers compensation lines of business.
In 2007, property results included catastrophe losses of $110 million from windstorm Kyrill in the
first quarter and casualty losses included $96 million of recurring workers compensation reserve
discount accretion and deferred charge amortization. The casualty underwriting results in both
2008 and 2007 were adversely impacted by legal costs incurred in connection with the regulatory
investigations of finite reinsurance.
Life/health
Life/health premiums earned in the third quarter and first nine months of
2008 increased $33 million (5.4%) and $135 million (7.3%), respectively, over the comparable periods in 2007.
Excluding the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, premiums earned in the first
nine months of 2008 increased $22 million (1.2%) compared to 2007. Life/health operations produced
underwriting gains in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 of $67 million and $141
million, respectively, compared to $40 million and $123 million of underwriting gains in the
corresponding periods in 2007. Underwriting results in each year were driven by gains from life
business due primarily to favorable mortality.
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
The Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (BHRG) underwrites excess-of-loss reinsurance and
quota-share coverages for insurers and reinsurers worldwide. BHRGs business includes catastrophe
excess-of-loss reinsurance and excess direct and facultative reinsurance for large or otherwise
unusual discrete property risks referred to as individual risk. Retroactive reinsurance policies
provide indemnification of losses and loss adjustment expenses with respect to past loss events.
Other multi-line refers to other business written on both a quota-share and excess basis,
participations in and contracts with Lloyds syndicates, as well as property, aviation and workers
compensation programs. BHRGs underwriting results for the third quarter and first nine months of
2008 and 2007 are summarized in the table below. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums earned
|
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain/loss
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Catastrophe and
individual risk
|
|
|
$ 292
|
|
|
|
$ 370
|
|
|
|
$ 731
|
|
|
|
$ 1,236
|
|
|
|
$ (102
|
)
|
|
|
$ 379
|
|
|
|
$ 248
|
|
|
|
$ 1,183
|
|
Retroactive reinsurance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
7,394
|
|
|
|
(104
|
)
|
|
|
(125
|
)
|
|
|
(337
|
)
|
|
|
(315
|
)
|
Other multi-line
|
|
|
1,091
|
|
|
|
663
|
|
|
|
2,789
|
|
|
|
2,005
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
(71
|
)
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ 1,383
|
|
|
|
$ 1,033
|
|
|
|
$ 3,523
|
|
|
|
$ 10,635
|
|
|
|
$ (166
|
)
|
|
|
$ 183
|
|
|
|
$ (58
|
)
|
|
|
$ 1,092
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (Continued)
Premiums earned in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 from catastrophe and
individual risk contracts declined $78 million (21%) and $505 million (41%), respectively, compared
with the prior year periods. The level of business written in a given period varies significantly
due to changes in market conditions and managements assessment of the adequacy of premium rates.
Throughout 2007 and 2008, catastrophe and individual risk business written declined as increased
price competition resulted in fewer opportunities to write business at prices acceptable to BHRG.
Catastrophe and individual risk premiums written in the first nine months of 2008 declined 27%
versus 2007. In addition, Berkshire entered into a contract in the third quarter of 2008 under
which it could be required to purchase up to $4 billion of revenue bonds issued by the Florida
Hurricane Catastrophe Fund Finance Corporation. Berkshires obligation to acquire the bonds is
subject to certain conditions, including the occurrence of a specified amount of hurricane losses
in Florida during a period that expires on December 31, 2008. The consideration received ($224
million) in connection with this agreement is unearned as of September 30, 2008. At expiration, if
the conditions that require Berkshire to acquire the bonds are not met, the consideration will be
earned and reflected in the underwriting results of BHRG.
Pre-tax underwriting results in 2008 for the catastrophe and individual risk business included
approximately $350 million of estimated losses from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike during the third
quarter. In the first nine months of 2007, there were no significant
catastrophe losses and underwriting results included about
$300 million of net gains from the reduction of loss estimates
for pre-2007 events. Underwriting gains in 2008 are
expected to be significantly lower compared to 2007 as a result of the declines in premium volume
in 2008 and the absence of major catastrophe losses in 2007.
Premiums from retroactive reinsurance in 2007 included approximately $7.1 billion from the
Equitas reinsurance agreement which became effective on March 30, 2007. Retroactive policies
generally provide very large, but limited, indemnification of unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses with respect to past loss events that are generally expected to be paid over long periods
of time. The underwriting losses from retroactive policies primarily represent the periodic
amortization of deferred charges established at the inception of the contracts. At September 30,
2008, unamortized deferred charges for all of BHRGs retroactive contracts were approximately $3.4
billion and gross unpaid losses were approximately $16.3 billion.
Premiums earned in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 from other multi-line
business exceeded amounts earned in the prior year periods by $428 million (65%) and $784 million
(39%), respectively. Premiums earned in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 included
$496 million and $1,169 million, respectively, from a quota-share contract with Swiss Reinsurance
Company Ltd. and its major property/casualty affiliates (Swiss Re) that became effective January
1, 2008. Under the agreement, BHRG assumes a 20% quota-share of the premiums and related losses
and expenses on substantially all property/casualty risks of Swiss Re incepting over the five year
period ending December 31, 2012. Based on recent annual premium volume, BHRGs annual written
premium under this agreement is expected to be in the $3 billion range; however, actual premiums
assumed over the five year period could vary significantly depending on Swiss Res response to
market conditions and opportunities that arise over the contract term. Excluding premiums from the
Swiss Re quota-share contract, multi-line premiums earned in the first nine months of 2008 declined
19% versus 2007 principally attributable to lower premium volume from workers compensation
programs.
Other multi-line business produced a pre-tax underwriting gain in the first nine months of $31
million in 2008 compared to $224 million in 2007. Underwriting results in 2008 reflected
significant declines in underwriting gains from workers compensation business and increased
casualty losses versus 2007. Pre-tax underwriting results in 2008 also included approximately $535
million of estimated catastrophe losses from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike during the third quarter.
There were no significant catastrophe losses in 2007. Net underwriting results for the third
quarter of 2008 also included a $360 million gain from the reversal of accumulated unrealized
foreign currency exchange losses principally attributable to insurance liabilities denominated in
the U.K. Pound Sterling and Euro. The value of these currencies versus the U.S. Dollar rose
steadily over the past two years, resulting in higher liabilities. These currencies declined
sharply during the third quarter of 2008, resulting in a reduction of the previously recorded
losses.
In December 2007, BHRG formed a mono-line financial guarantee insurance company, Berkshire
Hathaway Assurance Corporation (BHAC). BHAC commenced operations during the first quarter of
2008 and is licensed in 49 states. As of September 30, 2008, BHAC had approximately $1 billion in
capital and has received the highest rating available from two credit rating agencies. BHRG is
pursuing opportunities to write financial guarantee insurance on municipal bonds. In its first
nine months of operations, BHAC produced $315 million of written premiums. The impact of this new
business on underwriting results was nominal. In addition, BHRG received $313 million for
transactions structured as credit default derivative contracts which provide the counterparties
with credit protection on specified municipal bond issues.
18
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group
Premiums earned in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 by Berkshires various
primary insurers were $474 million and $1,464 million, respectively, relatively unchanged from
2007. For the first nine months of 2008, premiums earned by the NICO Primary Group declined by
approximately 30%, which was offset by increases in the Homestate Group and from the acquisition of
Boat U.S. in August 2007. For the first nine months, Berkshires primary insurers produced
underwriting gains of $98 million in 2008 and $189 million in 2007. Net underwriting gains in the
first nine months of 2008 reflected a significant decline in underwriting gains from the NICO
Primary Group, which was primarily attributable to lower favorable loss reserve development with
respect to prior years occurrences as well as relatively higher losses for current year
occurrences.
Insurance Investment Income
A summary of net investment income of Berkshires insurance businesses for the third quarter
and first nine months of 2008 and 2007 follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Investment income before taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
$1,074
|
|
|
|
$1,217
|
|
|
|
$3,367
|
|
|
|
$3,531
|
|
Income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
265
|
|
|
|
295
|
|
|
|
872
|
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment income after taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
$ 809
|
|
|
|
$ 922
|
|
|
|
$2,495
|
|
|
|
$2,532
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax investment income earned by insurance operations in the third quarter and first nine
months of 2008 declined $143 million and $164 million, respectively, from the amounts earned in the
comparable 2007 periods. For the first nine months of 2008, dividend income increased
approximately $375 million, reflecting increased investments in equity securities and increased
dividend rates with respect to certain securities. The increases in dividends earned were more
than offset by declines in interest earned, reflecting lower levels of related investments and
generally lower interest rates applicable to short-term investments versus the first nine months of
2007. In October 2008, Berkshire subsidiaries acquired the Wrigley, Goldman Sachs and General
Electric securities discussed in Notes 3 and 4 to the accompanying Interim Consolidated Financial
Statements for $14.5 billion. Aggregate pre-tax interest and dividends on these securities will be
approximately $1.4 billion per annum, which is substantially greater than earnings currently
expected on short-term investments.
A summary of cash and investments held in Berkshires insurance businesses follows. Amounts
are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sept. 30,
|
|
|
Dec. 31,
|
|
|
Sept. 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
21,957
|
|
|
$
|
28,257
|
|
|
$
|
34,323
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
75,775
|
|
|
|
74,681
|
|
|
|
77,495
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
29,408
|
|
|
|
27,922
|
|
|
|
26,816
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
127,140
|
|
|
$
|
130,860
|
|
|
$
|
138,634
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities as of September 30, 2008 were as follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
Gains/Losses
|
|
Fair Value
|
U.S. Treasury, government corporations and agencies
|
|
|
$ 3,779
|
|
|
|
$ 66
|
|
|
|
$ 3,845
|
|
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
|
|
|
3,143
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
3,322
|
|
Foreign governments
|
|
|
9,735
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
9,804
|
|
Corporate bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, investment grade
|
|
|
4,654
|
|
|
|
(74
|
)
|
|
|
4,580
|
|
Corporate bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, non-investment grade
|
|
|
5,048
|
|
|
|
(199
|
)
|
|
|
4,849
|
|
Mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
3,010
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
3,008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$29,369
|
|
|
|
$ 39
|
|
|
|
$29,408
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. government obligations are rated AAA by the major rating agencies and over 90% of all
state, municipal and political subdivisions, foreign government obligations and mortgage-backed
securities were rated AA or higher. Non-investment grade securities represent securities that are
rated below BBB- or Baa3.
Invested assets derive from shareholder capital and reinvested earnings as well as net
liabilities under insurance contracts or float. The major components of float are unpaid
losses, unearned premiums and other liabilities to policyholders less premiums and reinsurance
receivables, deferred charges assumed under retroactive reinsurance contracts and deferred policy
acquisition costs. Float was approximately $59 billion at September 30, 2008 and was relatively
unchanged from December 31, 2007. The cost of float, as represented by the ratio of pre-tax
underwriting gain or loss to average float, was negative in 2008 and 2007, as Berkshires insurance
businesses generated underwriting gains in each period.
19
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Utilities and Energy (MidAmerican)
Revenues and earnings from MidAmerican for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 and
2007 are summarized below. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third
Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
MidAmerican Energy Company
|
|
$
|
1,115
|
|
|
$
|
1,002
|
|
|
$
|
119
|
|
|
$
|
144
|
|
|
$
|
3,586
|
|
|
$
|
3,236
|
|
|
$
|
320
|
|
|
$
|
356
|
|
PacifiCorp
|
|
|
1,260
|
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
215
|
|
|
|
3,436
|
|
|
|
3,231
|
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
|
534
|
|
Natural gas pipelines
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
232
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
867
|
|
|
|
778
|
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
|
330
|
|
U.K. utilities
|
|
|
247
|
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
780
|
|
|
|
801
|
|
|
|
260
|
|
|
|
224
|
|
Real estate brokerage
|
|
|
334
|
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
926
|
|
|
|
1,228
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
Other
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
93
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,298
|
|
|
$
|
3,150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
9,727
|
|
|
$
|
9,483
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings before corporate interest
and taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,629
|
|
|
|
1,595
|
|
Interest, other than to Berkshire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(86
|
)
|
|
|
(83
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(258
|
)
|
|
|
(229
|
)
|
Interest on Berkshire junior debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(26
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(67
|
)
|
|
|
(84
|
)
|
Income taxes and minority interests **
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(154
|
)
|
|
|
(71
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(392
|
)
|
|
|
(344
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
350
|
|
|
$
|
384
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
912
|
|
|
$
|
938
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings applicable to Berkshire *
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
324
|
|
|
$
|
354
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
848
|
|
|
$
|
878
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt owed to others at September 30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
18,995
|
|
|
$
|
19,393
|
|
Debt owed to Berkshire at September 30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,654
|
|
|
$
|
888
|
|
*
|
|
Net of minority interests and includes interest earned by Berkshire (net of related income
taxes).
|
|
**
|
|
The 2007 amounts are net of a $61 million deferred income tax benefit as a result of the
reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 30% to 28% which was enacted
during the third quarter of 2007 and became effective in 2008.
|
Berkshire currently owns an 88.2% (87.4% diluted) interest in MidAmerican Energy Holdings
Company (MidAmerican), an international energy company. MidAmericans domestic regulated energy
interests are comprised of two regulated utility companies (MidAmerican Energy Company (MEC) and
PacifiCorp) serving over 3 million retail customers and two interstate natural gas pipeline
companies with approximately 17,000 miles of pipeline in operation and design capacity of about 6.9
billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. In the United Kingdom (U.K.), electricity
distribution subsidiaries serve about 3.8 million electricity end users. The rates that
MidAmericans utilities, electricity distribution and natural gas pipeline businesses may charge
customers for energy and other services are generally subject to regulatory approval. Rates are
based in large part on the costs of business operations, including a return on capital. To the
extent these operations are not allowed to include such costs in the approved rates, operating
results will be adversely affected. In addition, MidAmericans other businesses include a
diversified portfolio of independent power projects and the second-largest residential real estate
brokerage firm in the United States.
In 2008, MECs revenues for the third quarter and first nine months increased $113 million
(11%) and $350 million (11%), respectively, over the comparable 2007 periods. The increases in
revenues in 2008 were primarily attributable to increased regulated natural gas revenues from a
higher per-unit cost of gas sold which was largely passed on to customers and to increased
non-regulated gas revenues due primarily to higher average prices. PacifiCorps
revenues in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 increased $110 million (10%) and $205
million (6%), respectively, over revenues in 2007. The increases were primarily due to customer
growth, higher retail rates and increased wholesale revenues, partially
offset by lower customer usage.
In 2008, natural gas pipelines revenues for the third quarter and first nine months increased
$47 million (20%) and $89 million (11%), respectively, over revenues in the corresponding 2007
periods. These increases reflected increased transportation revenue as a result of stronger market
conditions, the impact of system expansion projects and a reduction in customer refund liabilities
related to a current rate proceeding. U.K. utility revenues in the third quarter of 2008 decreased
$35 million (12%) versus 2007 and for the first nine months of 2008 decreased $21 million (3%) from
2007. During the third quarter of 2008, the U.S. Dollar strengthened significantly versus the U.K.
Pound Sterling. In addition, regulatory rates that were increased in 2007 to allow for certain
cost recoveries were lowered in April of 2008. Real estate brokerage revenues in the third quarter
and first nine months of 2008 declined $81 million (20%) and $302 million (25%), respectively, from
the prior year periods due to significant declines in transaction volume as well as lower average
home sales prices.
20
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Utilities and Energy (MidAmerican)
(Continued)
MidAmericans earnings before corporate interest and income taxes (EBIT) for the third
quarter and first nine months of 2008 increased $48 million (9%) and $34 million (2%),
respectively, compared to the corresponding 2007 periods. In 2008, EBIT of MEC and PacifiCorp
decreased $40 million (11%) in the third quarter and $43 million (5%) for the first nine months
compared to 2007. Increased revenues from these operations were more
than offset by higher fuel and maintenance costs and increased
interest expense. EBIT of natural gas pipelines in 2008 increased $62 million (79%)
for the third quarter and $93 million (28%) for the first nine months versus 2007, primarily due to
the aforementioned revenue increases. EBIT of the U.K. utilities in the first nine months of 2008
increased $36 million (16%) over 2007 and was largely due to lower interest expense. EBIT of the
real estate brokerage business for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 declined
significantly versus 2007, primarily due to the aforementioned significant decline in brokerage
transactions resulting from ongoing poor conditions in the U.S. housing markets.
Manufacturing, Service and Retailing
A summary of revenues
and earnings for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008
and 2007 for Berkshires manufacturing, service and retailing businesses follows. Amounts are in
millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Marmon
|
|
$
|
1,878
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
247
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,044
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
536
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
McLane Company
|
|
|
7,634
|
|
|
|
7,293
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
21,892
|
|
|
|
20,849
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
Shaw Industries
|
|
|
1,357
|
|
|
|
1,392
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
125
|
|
|
|
3,918
|
|
|
|
4,084
|
|
|
|
182
|
|
|
|
327
|
|
Other manufacturing
|
|
|
3,723
|
|
|
|
3,832
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
567
|
|
|
|
11,198
|
|
|
|
10,862
|
|
|
|
1,458
|
|
|
|
1,578
|
|
Other service
|
|
|
2,094
|
|
|
|
1,933
|
|
|
|
260
|
|
|
|
295
|
|
|
|
6,496
|
|
|
|
5,501
|
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
|
716
|
|
Retailing
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
2,204
|
|
|
|
2,318
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
17,390
|
|
|
$
|
15,200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
49,752
|
|
|
$
|
43,614
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax earnings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,113
|
|
|
$
|
1,070
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,243
|
|
|
$
|
2,938
|
|
Income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,372
|
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
665
|
|
|
$
|
647
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,871
|
|
|
$
|
1,738
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marmon
Berkshire acquired a 60% interest in Marmon Holdings, Inc. (Marmon) on March 18, 2008.
During the second quarter of 2008, Berkshire acquired additional shares and currently owns 63.6% of
Marmon. Marmons operating results are included in Berkshires consolidated results and in the
preceding table from the date of the initial acquisition. See Note 2 to the accompanying Interim
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional description of Marmons operations. For the nine
months ending September 30, 2008, Marmons consolidated revenues were $5.5 billion, an increase of
3% over 2007. Pre-tax earnings for the first nine months of 2008 were $733 million, which were
relatively unchanged from the first nine months of 2007. In 2008, the increases were primarily in
the Transportation Services & Engineered Products (Marmons largest business sector), Retail, Construction
Services and Water Treatment businesses offset by declines in the
Wire & Cable and Flow Products
businesses, which have been negatively impacted by low residential construction activity.
McLane Company
McLanes revenues for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 increased $341 million
(5%) and $1,043 million (5%), respectively, over the corresponding 2007 periods. The increases in
revenues reflect additional grocery and foodservice customers as well as manufacturer price
and state excise tax increases which were passed on to customers. Pre-tax earnings in
2008 were $68 million for the third quarter and $209 million for the first nine months,
representing increases of $18 million (36%) and $29 million (16%), respectively, over the
comparable 2007 periods. Pre-tax earnings in the first nine months of
2007 included a gain of $10 million from a litigation
settlement. McLanes business is marked by high sales volume and very low profit margins and is
subject to significant price competition. The gross margin rate for the first nine months of
2008 was 5.93% versus 5.77% for the first nine months of 2007. The comparative increase in the
gross margin rate reflects price changes related to certain categories of grocery products and the
impact of a heavy liquids sales surcharge which began in April 2007. Operating expenses as a
percentage of revenues for the first nine months of 2008 were relatively unchanged compared to
2007. Approximately one-third of McLanes annual revenues are from Wal-Mart. A curtailment of
purchasing by Wal-Mart could have a material adverse impact on the earnings of McLane.
21
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Manufacturing, Service and Retailing
(Continued)
Shaw Industries
Revenues of Shaw Industries in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 declined $35
million (3%) and $166 million (4%), respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007. The
decreases were primarily due to a reduction in year-to-date residential carpet sales volume,
partially offset by higher average selling prices and revenues from recent acquisitions. The
decrease in residential carpet volume in 2008 was due to the significant downturn in residential
real estate activity that began in 2006 and which has been exacerbated by the mortgage lending
crisis.
In 2008, pre-tax earnings declined $76 million (61%) in the third quarter and $145 million
(44%) in the first nine months as compared to 2007. The declines were attributable to the lower
sales volume and higher product costs due to reduced manufacturing efficiencies as a result of
decreased production and ongoing increases in raw material costs,
which are predominantly petrochemical-based. The gross margin rate for the first
nine months of 2008 was approximately 4 percentage points lower as compared with the same period in 2007. To
offset the impact of rising raw material costs, Shaw instituted multiple sales price increases in 2008.
However, management expects residential real estate activity to remain weak into 2009.
Consequently, Shaws sales volume and earnings over the remainder of 2008 and into 2009 are likely
to be relatively low.
Other manufacturing
Berkshires other manufacturing businesses include a wide array of businesses. Included in
this group are several manufacturers of building products (Acme Building Brands, Benjamin Moore,
Johns Manville and MiTek) and apparel (led by Fruit of the Loom which includes the Russell athletic
apparel and sporting goods business and the Vanity Fair Brands womens intimate apparel business
acquired in April 2007). Also included in this group are Forest River, a leading manufacturer of
leisure vehicles, CTB International (CTB), a manufacturer of equipment for the livestock and
agricultural industries and the ISCAR Metalworking Companies (IMC), an industry leader in the
metal cutting tools business with operations worldwide. There are also numerous other
manufacturers of consumer and commercial products in this diverse group.
Revenues of the other manufacturing businesses in the third quarter of 2008 declined $109
million (3%) versus 2007 and for the first nine months of 2008 increased $336 million (3%) over
2007. The decline in third quarter revenues was primarily attributable to a 32% reduction in unit sales
of Forest River recreational vehicles and a 4% decline in apparel revenues partially offset
by revenues from businesses acquired in 2007 and increased revenues from IMC and CTB. Pre-tax
earnings of the other manufacturing businesses were $478 million in the third quarter and $1,458
million in the first nine months of 2008 and represented decreases of $89 million (16%) and $120
million (8%), respectively, compared with 2007. The declines reflected significantly lower
earnings from recreational vehicle, apparel and building products businesses, partially offset by
increased earnings from IMC and CTB. Operating results in 2008 for most of Berkshires other
manufacturing businesses were negatively affected by increasingly difficult economic conditions in
the U.S. and abroad. The demand for certain building products continued to be adversely affected
by the slowdown in housing construction and availability of credit to customers. In addition,
higher raw material costs in 2008 and lower manufacturing efficiencies from lower production have
contributed to the deterioration of operating earnings in 2008. As a result, revenues and earnings
of these businesses will, in general, likely decline further in the fourth quarter of 2008 and into
2009.
Other service
Berkshires other service businesses include NetJets, the worlds leading provider of
fractional ownership programs for general aviation aircraft, and FlightSafety, a provider of high
technology training to operators of aircraft and ships. Among the other businesses included in
this group are: TTI, a leading electronic components distributor (acquired March 2007); Business
Wire, a leading distributor of corporate news, multimedia and regulatory filings; The Pampered
Chef, a direct seller of high quality kitchen tools; International Dairy Queen, a licensor and
service provider to about 6,000 stores that offer prepared dairy treats and food; The Buffalo News,
a publisher of a daily and Sunday newspaper; and businesses that provide management and other
services to insurance companies.
In 2008, revenues of the other service businesses of $2,094 million in the third quarter and
$6,496 million in the first nine months increased $161 million (8%) and $995 million (18%),
respectively, over the corresponding 2007 periods. In 2008, pre-tax earnings of $260 million in
the third quarter decreased $35 million (12%) compared to 2007 and pre-tax earnings of $786 million
in the first nine months exceeded 2007 by $70 million (10%).
Results for the first nine months of 2008 included nine months of revenues and earnings from
TTI whereas results in 2007 included TTIs post-acquisition date results. For the third quarter of
2008, several of the service businesses including NetJets, The
Pampered Chef and The Buffalo News
generated lower pre-tax earnings compared to 2007, which more than offset earnings increases of TTI
and Business Wire. For the first nine months of 2008, the increase in pre-tax earnings was
primarily due to the inclusion of TTIs results.
22
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Manufacturing, Service and Retailing
(Continued)
Retailing
Berkshires retail operations consist of four home furnishings (Nebraska Furniture Mart, R.C.
Willey, Star Furniture and Jordans) and three jewelry (Borsheims, Helzberg and Ben Bridge)
retailers. Sees Candies is also included in this group. Revenues of the retailing businesses in
the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 declined $46 million (6%) and $114 million (5%),
respectively, from the corresponding 2007 periods. Pre-tax earnings in 2008 decreased $22 million
(67%) in the third quarter and $65 million (47%) in the first nine months from the corresponding
2007 periods. Pre-tax earnings in 2008 declined in all of Berkshires retail operations.
Management attributes the declines to the deteriorating general economic conditions and consumer
confidence in the U.S. arising from the credit and housing crises.
Finance and Financial Products
A summary of revenues
and earnings from Berkshires finance and financial products
businesses follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Manufactured housing and finance
|
|
$
|
904
|
|
|
$
|
970
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
129
|
|
|
$
|
2,658
|
|
|
$
|
2,824
|
|
|
$
|
208
|
|
|
$
|
391
|
|
Furniture/transportation equipment
leasing
|
|
|
198
|
|
|
|
205
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
|
87
|
|
Other
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
168
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
477
|
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
|
385
|
|
|
|
314
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,258
|
|
|
$
|
1,343
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,719
|
|
|
$
|
3,917
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax earnings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
163
|
|
|
$
|
273
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
658
|
|
|
$
|
792
|
|
Income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
261
|
|
|
|
293
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
91
|
|
|
$
|
171
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
397
|
|
|
$
|
499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 from manufactured housing and
finance activities (Clayton Homes) decreased $66 million (7%) and $166 million (6%), respectively,
from 2007 reflecting lower home sales to independent dealers, partially offset by increased
interest income from installment loans. Unit sales declined 12% in the third quarter of 2008 and
9% in the first nine months compared with 2007 periods. In addition, a higher proportion of
single-section units were sold in 2008 compared to multi-section units causing a decrease in
average sales price per home. The increase in interest income reflects higher average installment
loan balances in 2008 versus 2007. Installment loan balances were approximately $12.5 billion as
of September 30, 2008, an increase of approximately $1.4 billion since December 31, 2007. The
increase was principally due to loan portfolio acquisitions.
Pre-tax earnings of Clayton Homes in the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 declined
$122 million (95%) and $183 million (47%), respectively, from 2007. Pre-tax earnings in the third
quarter of 2008 included a $64 million increase in the provision for estimated loan losses due to
changes in loan collection and recovery assumptions and approximately $22 million of losses arising
from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. Pre-tax earnings for the
first nine months of 2008 reflected higher interest expense from increased borrowings and an
increase in interest rates. Additionally, manufacturing and retail activities declined
significantly due to reduced unit sales and product mix changes, which coupled with higher material
costs, adversely affected gross profit margins. Partially offsetting these declines was a $22 million gain
from the sale of certain housing community assets in the first quarter.
Pre-tax earnings from furniture and transportation equipment leasing activities for the first
nine months of 2008 declined $22 million (25%) compared to 2007. The decline primarily reflects
lower rental income driven by relatively low utilization rates for over-the-road trailer and
storage units. Significant cost components of this business are fixed (depreciation and facility
expenses). Earnings from other finance business activities consisted primarily of interest income
earned on short-term and fixed maturity investments and from a small portfolio of commercial real
estate loans.
Investment and Derivative Gains/Losses
A summary of investment and derivative gains and losses follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
First Nine Months
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Investment gains/losses
|
|
$
|
(296
|
)
|
|
$
|
3,187
|
|
|
$
|
65
|
|
|
$
|
4,239
|
|
Derivative gains/losses
|
|
|
(1,261
|
)
|
|
|
(124
|
)
|
|
|
(2,213
|
)
|
|
|
340
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains/losses before income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
(1,557
|
)
|
|
|
3,063
|
|
|
|
(2,148
|
)
|
|
|
4,579
|
|
Income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
(545
|
)
|
|
|
1,071
|
|
|
|
(755
|
)
|
|
|
1,597
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gains/losses
|
|
$
|
(1,012
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,992
|
|
|
$
|
(1,393
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,982
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Investment and Derivative Gains/Losses
(Continued)
Investment gains or losses are recognized upon the sales of investments, recognition of
non-cash other-than-temporary-impairment losses or as otherwise required under GAAP. The timing
of realized gains or losses from sales can have a material effect on periodic earnings. However,
such gains or losses usually have little, if any, impact on total shareholders equity because most
equity and fixed maturity investments are carried at fair value with the unrealized gain or loss
included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Other-than-temporary-impairment
losses of $250 million and $679 million were recognized in the third quarter and first nine months
of 2008, respectively. Impairment losses in 2007 periods were insignificant.
Derivative gains and losses in the preceding table primarily represent the non-cash (or
unrealized) changes in fair value of credit default and equity index put option contracts.
Berkshires credit default contract exposures are primarily in various high-yield indexes
comprised of specified corporate issuers in North America whose obligations are rated below
investment grade. These contracts generally cover the loss in value of senior unsecured debt
obligations of those entities in the event of default for non-payment or bankruptcy over the
contract period (usually 5 years). Losses under these contracts are limited to specified amounts
per issuer, as well as aggregate limits for all losses under the contract. The premiums due from
the counterparties are received at the inception date and, therefore, Berkshire has no credit
exposure for unpaid premiums. None of Berkshires high-yield credit default contracts involve
direct exposure to mortgage or asset backed loan structures, including collateralized debt
obligations. During 2008, Berkshire also entered into credit default contracts on individual
issuers in North America whose obligations are primarily rated as investment grade and where
installment premiums are due from counterparties over the terms of the contracts. Most of these
contracts expire in 2013 and certain of the contracts relate to obligations of large financial
institutions. Berkshires equity index put option contracts relate to four major equity indexes,
including three outside of the United States. Berkshires equity index put option contracts are
European style options and at inception had durations of 15-20 years. At September 30, 2008, the
weighted average remaining life of these contracts was approximately 13.5 years. Any future loss
payments under the equity index put option contracts will be based on the net decline in the
underlying index below the strike price in each contract. Berkshire has no obligation to purchase
the underlying equity securities comprising the indexes.
The aforementioned credit default and equity index put option contracts are not traded on an
exchange. The contracts were entered into with the expectation that amounts ultimately paid to
counterparties for actual credit defaults or declines in equity index values (measured at the
expiration date of the contract) will be less than the premiums received. The contracts generally
may not be terminated or fully settled before the expiration dates and therefore the ultimate
amount of cash basis gains or losses may not be known for years.
Berkshires pre-tax losses from derivative contracts for the third quarter and first nine
months of 2008 were $1,261 million and $2,213 million, respectively. These losses predominantly
related to the equity index put option and credit default contracts. The underlying equity indexes
declined roughly 10% to 15% for the third quarter and 20% to 30% for the first nine months
and credit default spreads in the United States widened.
The estimated fair value of credit default contracts at September 30, 2008 was $2,525
million, an increase of $687 million from December 31, 2007. The increase included fair value
pre-tax losses of $478 million and premiums from contracts entered into in 2008 of $265 million,
partially offset by loss payments of $56 million. Berkshire made additional loss payments of
approximately $91 million in October 2008. The estimated fair value of equity index put option
contracts at September 30, 2008 was $6,725 million, an increase of approximately $2.1 billion from
December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to fair value
pre-tax losses of $1,731 million
as well as $383 million in premiums from new contracts entered into in 2008.
Berkshire does not actively trade or exchange these contracts, but rather intends to hold such
contracts until expiration. Nevertheless, current accounting standards require that these
derivative contracts be carried at fair value with the periodic changes in fair value included in
earnings. The fair values on any given reporting date and the resulting gains and losses reflected
in earnings will likely be volatile, reflecting the volatility of equity and credit markets.
Management does not view the periodic gains or losses from the changes in fair value as meaningful
given the long-term nature of the contracts and the volatile nature of equity and credit markets
over short periods of time.
In determining the fair value of the credit default contracts, Berkshire used bid/ask pricing
data available on similar contracts as the basis for estimating fair value. Pricing data is
monitored and reviewed by management for consistency as well as reasonableness. Pricing data for
newer credit default contracts tends to vary little among the different pricing sources, which is
an indication that trading of such contracts is relatively active. As contracts age, variations in
pricing data tend to widen. However, the impact of such variations is mitigated by the tendency
for valuations to decline over time as risks of default decline relative to the time remaining to
expiration.
24
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Investment and Derivative Gains/Losses
(Continued)
Berkshire determines the estimated fair value of equity index put option contracts based on
the widely used Black-Scholes option valuation model. Inputs to that model include the current
index value, strike price, discount or interest rate, dividend rate, foreign currency exchange rate
and contract expiration date. Berkshire believes the two most significant economic risks relate to
changes in equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates. Reference is made to the equity
price and foreign currency risks sections of Berkshires market risk disclosures in its Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 for information concerning these risks.
In addition, the Black-Scholes calculations incorporate volatility estimates which are
generally not observable. At September 30, 2008, the estimated fair value of these contracts was
$6,725 million and the weighted average volatility was approximately 22%. The impact on fair value
from changes to volatility is summarized below. The values of contracts in an actual exchange are
affected by market conditions and perceptions of the buyers and sellers. Actual values in an
exchange may differ significantly from the values produced by any mathematical model. Dollars are
in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
Hypothetical change in volatility (percentage points)
|
|
Hypothetical fair value
|
Increase 2 percentage points
|
|
$
|
7,231
|
|
Increase 4 percentage points
|
|
|
7,733
|
|
Decrease 2 percentage points
|
|
|
6,217
|
|
Decrease 4 percentage points
|
|
|
5,709
|
|
Financial Condition
Berkshires balance sheet continues to reflect significant liquidity and a strong capital
base. Consolidated shareholders equity at September 30, 2008 was $120.2 billion. Consolidated
cash and invested assets, excluding assets of finance and financial products businesses, was
approximately $134.1 billion at September 30, 2008 (including cash and cash equivalents of $28.4
billion and $1.7 billion of fixed maturity securities that mature between three and six months from
their respective acquisition dates) and $142.4 billion at December 31, 2007 (including cash and
cash equivalents of $38.9 billion). Berkshires invested assets are held predominantly in its
insurance businesses. A large amount of capital is maintained in the insurance subsidiaries for
strategic and marketing purposes and in support of reserves for unpaid losses. In the United
States, dividend payments by insurance companies are subject to prior approval by state regulators.
Berkshire believes that it currently maintains sufficient liquidity to cover its contractual
obligations and provide for contingent liquidity.
Berkshire acquired a 60% interest in Marmon Holdings, Inc. (Marmon) for $4.5 billion on
March 18, 2008. In the second quarter of 2008, Berkshire acquired additional shares and currently
owns 63.6% of Marmon. Berkshire has agreed to acquire the remaining minority shareholders
interests in Marmon over the next five to six years for consideration based on Marmons future
earnings. See Note 2 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for more information
concerning the acquisition. The acquisition was funded with available cash balances.
On April 28, 2008, The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company (Wrigley) and Mars, Incorporated (Mars)
announced a merger agreement in which Wrigley would become a subsidiary of Mars. On October 6,
2008, Berkshire invested $6.5 billion in fixed maturity and equity securities issued in connection
with this merger. On October 1, 2008, Berkshire invested $5 billion in Goldman Sachs perpetual
preferred stock. The preferred stock has a stated dividend rate of 10% and is callable at any time at a 10%
premium. Berkshire also acquired warrants to purchase $5 billion of Goldman Sachs common stock at
$115 per share. On October 16, 2008, Berkshire invested $3 billion in General Electric Company
perpetual preferred stock. The preferred stock has a stated dividend rate of 10% and is callable after three
years at a 10% premium. Berkshire also acquired warrants to purchase $3 billion of common stock at
$22.25 per share. The Goldman Sachs and General Electric warrants are exercisable at any time over
five years. These investments were funded with available cash balances.
Capital expenditures of the utilities and energy businesses in the first nine months of 2008
were approximately $2.7 billion and forecasted capital expenditures for the 2008 calendar year are
estimated at $4.2 billion. MidAmerican is funding these capital expenditures with cash flows from
operations and debt proceeds. MidAmericans borrowings were $19.0 billion at September 30, 2008.
During the first nine months of 2008, MidAmerican issued $2.2 billion of notes with maturities
ranging from 2012 to 2038, and repaid a comparable amount of maturing debt. Term debt maturing
over the remainder of 2008 and 2009 is approximately $425 million. Berkshire has committed until
February 28, 2011 to provide up to $3.5 billion of additional capital to MidAmerican to permit the
repayment of its debt obligations or to fund its existing regulated utility subsidiaries.
Berkshire has not and does not intend to guarantee the repayment of debt by MidAmerican or any of
its subsidiaries.
25
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Financial Condition (Continued)
Assets of the finance and financial products businesses were $27.6 billion as of September 30,
2008 and $25.7 billion at December 31, 2007, which consisted primarily of loans and finance
receivables, fixed maturity securities and cash and cash equivalents. Liabilities were $26.8
billion as of September 30, 2008 and $22.0 billion at December 31, 2007. As of September 30, 2008,
notes payable and other borrowings of $14.5 billion included $11.8 billion of notes issued by BHFC.
In 2008, BHFC issued $5.0 billion of notes maturing between 2011 and 2018 and repaid $3.1 billion
of maturing notes, including $1.05 billion of notes that matured
in October. The notes are
being used to finance originated and acquired manufactured housing
loans and are
guaranteed by Berkshire. Estimated liabilities for credit default and equity index put option
contracts were $9.25 billion at September 30, 2008. Payments under the equity index put option
contracts are contingent upon the future value of the related indexes at the expiration date of the
contracts, the earliest of which is in 2019. Payments under credit default contracts are
contingent on the occurrence of a default as defined under the contracts. Credit default contracts begin expiring in 2009.
During the first nine months of 2008, credit markets have become restricted as a consequence
of the ongoing worldwide credit crisis. As a result, the availability of credit to corporations
has declined significantly and interest rates for new issues are high relative to government
obligations, even for companies with strong credit histories and ratings. Although Berkshire
believes that the credit crisis is temporary and it has sufficient liquidity and capital to
withstand these conditions, restricted access to credit markets over longer periods could have a
significant negative impact on operations, particularly the utilities and energy business and certain
finance and financial products operations.
Subsequent to September 30, 2008, conditions in the public debt and equity markets have
declined significantly resulting in exceptional volatility in debt and equity prices. Such
volatility has impacted the fair value of Berkshires investments in equity securities and its
derivative contract liabilities for equity index put option contracts. Based on equity and equity index
prices as of October 31, 2008 applied to Berkshires investment holdings and its equity
index put option contracts, Berkshire estimates that consolidated shareholders equity
would decline by approximately $9 billion. The impact of actions taken recently by governmental
bodies in response to the current economic crisis is difficult to
predict, particularly over the short term.
Berkshire management believes that these extraordinary conditions are temporary and that equity
prices will ultimately rise over time. However, the fair values of Berkshires investment
portfolios and its equity index put option contracts remain subject to considerable volatility,
particularly over the short term.
Contractual Obligations
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties to contracts associated with ongoing business and
financing activities, which will result in cash payments to counterparties in future periods.
Certain obligations reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, such as notes payable, require
future payments on contractually specified dates and in fixed and determinable amounts. The timing
and amount of the payment of other obligations, such as unpaid property and casualty loss reserves
and long duration credit default and equity index put option contracts are contingent upon the
outcome of future events. Actual payments will likely vary, perhaps significantly, from estimates.
Other obligations pertain to the acquisition of goods or services in the future, which are not
currently reflected in the financial statements, such as minimum rentals under operating leases.
Except as indicated in the following paragraph, Berkshires consolidated contractual obligations as
of September 30, 2008 did not change materially from those disclosed in Contractual Obligations,
included in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
contained in Berkshires Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
During the first nine months of 2008, BHFC issued $5.0 billion of notes maturing between 2011
and 2018 and MidAmerican issued $2.2 billion of notes with maturities ranging from 2012 to 2038.
As of September 30, 2008, contractual obligations of Marmon were estimated at $2.4 billion.
On July 10, 2008, Dow Chemical Corporation (Dow) announced that it had entered into an
agreement to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Rohm and Haas. In connection with that
agreement Berkshire agreed to invest $3 billion in a new issue of convertible preferred stock to be
issued by Dow. The agreement is subject to customary closing conditions and
those companies believe the transactions will be completed by early 2009.
On September 19, 2008, MidAmerican and Constellation Energy Group, Inc. (Constellation)
entered into a definitive merger agreement under which MidAmerican will acquire all of the
outstanding shares of Constellation common stock for approximately $4.7 billion. In connection
with the agreement, MidAmerican acquired $1 billion of 8% convertible preferred stock of
Constellation. The preferred stock is convertible into common stock and 14% senior notes of
Constellation under certain conditions and under other conditions is mandatorily redeemable on the
second anniversary from the issuance date if not converted. The merger agreement is subject to Constellation shareholder
approval and customary Federal, state, international and local regulatory approvals. The
transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2009.
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Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Critical Accounting Policies
In applying certain accounting policies, Berkshires management is required to make estimates
and judgments regarding transactions that have occurred and ultimately will be settled several
years in the future. Amounts recognized in the financial statements from such estimates are
necessarily based on assumptions about numerous factors involving varying, and possibly
significant, degrees of judgment and uncertainty. Accordingly, the amounts currently recorded in
the financial statements may prove, with the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate. Reference is
made to Critical Accounting Policies discussed in Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Berkshires Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 for additional discussion regarding these estimates.
Berkshires Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2008 includes estimated liabilities
for unpaid losses from property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts of $56.7 billion.
Due to the inherent uncertainties in the process of establishing loss reserve amounts, the actual
ultimate claim amounts will likely differ from the currently recorded amounts. A very small
percentage change in estimates of this magnitude will result in a material effect on reported
earnings. The effects from changes in these estimates are recorded as a component of losses
incurred in the period of the change. Unamortized deferred charges on retroactive reinsurance
policies assumed totaled $3.6 billion at September 30, 2008. Significant changes in either the
timing or ultimate amount of loss payments related to retroactive reinsurance contracts may have a
significant effect on unamortized deferred charges and the amount of periodic amortization.
Berkshires Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2008 includes goodwill of acquired
businesses of $33.5 billion. A significant amount of judgment is required in performing goodwill
impairment tests. Such tests include periodically determining or reviewing the estimated fair
value of Berkshires reporting units. There are several methods of estimating a reporting units
fair value, including market quotations, asset and liability fair values and other valuation
techniques, such as discounted projected future net earnings and multiples of earnings. If the
carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the estimated fair value, then
individual assets, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities of the reporting unit
are estimated at fair value. The excess of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit over the
estimated fair value of net assets would establish the implied value of goodwill. The excess of
the recorded amount of goodwill over the implied value is then charged to earnings as an impairment
loss.
Berkshires Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2008 includes very significant
amounts of invested assets and derivative contract liabilities that are measured at fair value on a
recurring basis. A substantial portion of invested assets (including substantially all of
Berkshires equity securities) are carried at fair value based upon current market quotations for
identical securities exchanged in active markets. When these quotations are not available,
management will use quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities exchanged in inactive markets
or quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities exchanged in active or inactive markets, which
may include pricing matrices developed for such instruments. A substantial portion of Berkshires
investments in fixed maturity securities are valued on this basis. Measurements of non-exchange
traded derivative contract liabilities are primarily based on valuation models, discounted cash
flow models or other valuation techniques that are believed to be used by market participants.
Inputs to such models may be observable from markets or unobservable. Unobservable inputs require
management to make certain projections and assumptions about the information that would be used by
market participants in pricing an asset or liability. Considerable judgment may be required in
making assumptions used in such models, including the selection of interest rates, default risk and
recovery rates and volatility risk assumptions. Changes in assumptions may have a significant
effect on values. Management is required to use its own assumptions regarding unobservable inputs
because there is little, if any, market activity in the asset or liability or related observable
inputs that can be corroborated at the measurement date.
Information concerning recently issued accounting pronouncements which are not yet effective
is included in Note 16 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. Berkshire does not
currently expect any of the recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a material effect on
its consolidated financial condition.
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Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Forward-Looking Statements
Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this document as well as some
statements in periodic press releases and some oral statements of Berkshire officials during
presentations about Berkshire, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act). Forward-looking statements include
statements which are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or
conditions, that include words such as expects, anticipates, intends, plans, believes,
estimates or similar expressions. In addition, any statements concerning future financial
performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or
prospects, and possible future Berkshire actions, which may be provided by management, are also
forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on current
expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and
assumptions about Berkshire, economic and market factors and the industries in which Berkshire does
business, among other things. These statements are not guaranties of future performance and
Berkshire has no specific intention to update these statements.
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in
forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The principal important risk factors that
could cause Berkshires actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from
such forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to, changes in market prices of
Berkshires investments in fixed maturity and equity securities, the occurrence of one or more
catastrophic events, such as an earthquake, hurricane or act of terrorism that causes losses
insured by Berkshires insurance subsidiaries, changes in insurance laws or regulations, changes in
Federal income tax laws and changes in general economic and market factors that affect the prices
of securities or the industries in which Berkshire and its affiliates do business.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Reference is made to Berkshires most recently issued Annual Report and in particular the
Market Risk Disclosures included in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations. As of September 30, 2008, there are no material changes in the
inherent market risks described in Berkshires Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2007.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Corporation
carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporations
management, including the Chairman (Chief Executive Officer) and the Senior Vice
President-Treasurer (Chief Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of
the Corporations disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based
upon that evaluation, the Chairman (Chief Executive Officer) and the Senior Vice
President-Treasurer (Chief Financial Officer) concluded that the Corporations disclosure controls
and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the
Corporation (including its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be included in the Corporations
periodic SEC filings. During the quarter, there have been no significant changes in the
Corporations internal control over financial reporting or in other factors that could
significantly affect internal control over financial reporting.
Part II Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties in a variety of legal actions arising out of the
normal course of business. In particular, such legal actions affect Berkshires insurance and
reinsurance businesses. Such litigation generally seeks to establish liability directly through
insurance contracts or indirectly through reinsurance contracts issued by Berkshire subsidiaries.
Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Berkshire does not believe that such
normal and routine litigation will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of
operations. Berkshire and certain of its subsidiaries are also involved in other kinds of legal
actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines and penalties in
substantial amounts. Reference is made to Note 19 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007 and Note 18 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included in
Part I of this Form
10-Q for detailed discussion of such actions.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Berkshires significant business risks are described in Item 1A to Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007 to which reference is made herein.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
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Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.
Item 6. Exhibits
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31.1
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
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31.2
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
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32.1
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Section 1350 Certifications
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32.2
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Section 1350 Certifications
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly
caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
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(Registrant)
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Date
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November 7, 2008
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/s/ Marc D. Hamburg
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Marc D. Hamburg, Senior Vice President
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and Principal Financial Officer
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