Identity
of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Directors
and Senior Management
Not
applicable.
Not
applicable.
Not
applicable.
Offer
Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not
applicable.
Method
and expected timetable
Not
applicable.
The
following selected financial data of the Company has been derived
from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company
as at and for the years ended November 30, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017,
and 2016. As a result of the IPC Arrangement Transaction (as
defined and described in Item 4.A below) completed on October 22,
2009, we selected a November 30 year end. The comparative number of
shares issued and outstanding, basic and diluted loss per share
have been amended to give effect to this arrangement transaction.
These statements were prepared in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(“U.S. GAAP”).
All dollar amounts in this annual report are expressed in U.S.
dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except for per share data)
|
|
As
at and for the year ended November 30, 2020
|
As
at and for the year ended November 30, 2019
|
As
at and for the year ended November 30, 2018
|
As
at and for the year ended November 30, 2017
|
As
at and for the year ended November 30, 2016
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Revenue
|
1,402
|
3,481
|
1,713
|
5,504
|
2,247
|
|
Loss for the
year
|
(3,391)
|
(8,085)
|
(13,747)
|
(8,857)
|
(10,144)
|
|
Total
assets
|
3,387
|
3,797
|
11,474
|
7,397
|
7,975
|
|
Total
liabilities
|
9,701
|
7,489
|
7,372
|
7,010
|
6,858
|
|
Net
assets
|
(6,314)
|
(3,692)
|
4,102
|
386
|
1,116
|
|
Capital
stock
|
46,144
|
45,561
|
44,328
|
35,290
|
29,831
|
|
Loss per share -
basic and diluted
|
(0.14)
|
(0.37)
|
(2.89)
|
(2.86)
|
(3.80)
|
|
Dividends
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
|
Weighted average
common shares
|
23,562
|
21,580
|
4,762
|
3,101
|
2,670
|
Capitalization
and Indebtedness
Not
applicable.
Reasons
for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not
applicable.
Prospects for
companies in the pharmaceutical industry generally may be regarded
as uncertain given the research and development
(“R&D”)
nature of the industry and uncertainty regarding the prospects of
successfully commercializing product candidates and, accordingly,
investments in companies such as ours should be regarded as very
speculative. An investor should carefully consider the risks and
uncertainties described below, as well as other information
contained in this annual report. The list of risks and
uncertainties described below is not an exhaustive list. Additional
risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we
believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business. If
any one or more of the following risks occur, our business,
financial condition and results of operations could be seriously
harmed. Further, if we fail to meet the expectations of the public
market in any given period, the market price of our common shares
could decline. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our
business, operating results, or financial condition could be
materially adversely affected.
Our activities entail significant risks. In addition to the usual
risks associated with a business, the following is a general
description of certain significant risk factors which may be
applicable to us.
Risks related to our Company
We have a history of operating losses, which may continue for the
foreseeable future and our auditors have indicated that there is a
substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going
concern.
To
date, we have not been profitable and have incurred significant
losses and cash flow deficits. For fiscal year ended November 30,
2020, we reported net losses of $3,390,965, and positive cash flow
from operating activities of $112,108. As of November 30, 2020, we
had an aggregate accumulated deficit of $97,096,550. We anticipate
that we will continue to report losses as well as negative
operating cash flow. As a result of these net losses and other
factors our independent auditors issued an audit opinion with
respect to our financial statements for the three years ended
November 30, 2020 that indicated that there is a substantial doubt
about our ability to continue as a going concern.
There
can be no assurance that we will ever be able to achieve or sustain
profitability or positive cash flow. In addition to the other
factors described in this annual report, our ultimate success will
depend on how many of our product candidates receive approval by
the FDA or Health Canada and the regulatory authorities of the
other countries in which our products are proposed to be sold and
whether we are able to successfully market approved products. We
cannot be certain that we will be able to receive FDA, Health
Canada or such other regulatory approval for any of our current or
future product candidates, or that we will reach the level of sales
and revenues necessary to achieve and sustain profitability. If we
are unsuccessful in commercializing our products and/or securing
sufficient financing, we may need to cease or curtail our
operations.
Our
financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
result from the outcome of this uncertainty. These adjustments
would likely include substantial impairment of the carrying amount
of our assets and potential contingent liabilities that may arise
if we are unable to fulfill various operational commitments. In
addition, the value of our securities would be greatly impaired.
Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon
generating sufficient cash flow from operations and obtaining
additional capital and financing. If our ability to generate cash
flow from operations is delayed or reduced and we are unable to
raise additional funding from other sources, we may be unable to
continue in business.
Our business is capital intensive and requires significant
investment to conduct the research and development, clinical and
regulatory activities necessary to bring our products to market,
which capital may not be available in amounts or on terms
acceptable to us, if at all.
Our business requires
substantial capital investment to conduct our R&D, clinical and
regulatory activities, to defend against patent litigation claims,
and to establish commercial manufacturing, marketing and sales
capabilities. As of November 30, 2020, our cash balance was
$202,046. We currently expect to meet our short-term cash
requirements from quarterly profit share payments from Par and by
cost savings resulting from reduced R&D activities and staffing
levels. If we are able to obtain sufficient funds to supply
products to our marketing and distribution partner, Tris Pharma,
Inc. (“Tris
Pharma”) and it achieves sales of our generic Seroquel
XR®,
generic Pristiq® and generic
Effexor XR® products at
anticipated rates, then we may satisfy some of our cash needs with
cost-saving measures. Even if that occurs, we will still need to
obtain additional funding to, among other things, further product
commercialization activities and development of our product
candidates. Potential sources of capital may include, if conditions
permit, equity and/or debt financing, payments from licensing
and/or development agreements and/or new strategic partnership
agreements. The Company has funded its business activities
principally through the issuance of securities, loans from related
parties (see “Related Party Transactions” for more
information related to the terms of such loans and applicable
maturities) and funds from development agreements. There is no
certainty that such funding will be available going forward or, if
it is, whether it will be sufficient to meet our needs. Our
future operations are highly dependent upon our ability to source
additional funding to support advancing our product candidate
pipeline through continued R&D activities and to expand our
operations. Our ultimate success will depend on whether our product
candidates are approved by the FDA, Health Canada, or the
regulatory authorities of other countries in which our products are
proposed to be sold and whether we are able to successfully market
our approved products. We cannot be certain that we will
receive such regulatory approval for any of our current or future
product candidates, that we will reach the level of revenues
necessary to achieve and sustain profitability, or that we will
secure other capital sources on terms or in amounts sufficient to
meet our needs, or at all. Our cash requirements for R&D during
any period depend on the number and extent of the R&D
activities we focus on. At present, we are focused principally on
the development of 505(b)(2) product candidates, such as our
Regabatin™ XR and Oxycodone ER 505(b)(2) product candidates,
and selected generic product candidates as resources permit. Our
development of Oxycodone ER required significant expenditures,
including costs to defend against the Purdue (as defined below)
litigation (as described in the “Legal Proceedings and
Regulatory Actions” section). Some of these costs remain to
be paid by the Company. For our Regabatin™ XR product
candidate, Phase III clinical trials can be capital intensive, and
will only be undertaken consistent with the availability of funds
and a prudent cash management strategy.
The availability of equity or other
financing will be affected by, among other things, the results of
our R&D, our ability to obtain regulatory approvals, our
success in commercializing approved products with our commercial
partners, the market acceptance of our products, the state of the
capital markets generally, the availability of strategic alliance
agreements and other relevant commercial considerations. If we
raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our
then-existing security holders will likely experience dilution. Any
additional indebtedness would create increased debt service
obligations and could require us to agree to operating and
financial covenants that would restrict our operations. In the
event that we do not obtain sufficient additional capital, it will
raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going
concern, realize our assets, and pay our liabilities as they become
due. Our cash outflows are expected to consist primarily of
internal and external R&D, legal and consulting expenditures to
advance our product pipeline and selling, general and
administrative expenses to support our commercialization efforts.
Depending upon the results of our R&D programs, the impact of
any litigation to which we are a party and the availability of
financial resources, we could decide to accelerate, terminate, or
reduce certain projects, or commence new ones. Any failure on our
part, at anytime, to successfully commercialize approved products
or raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, may
require us to significantly change or curtail our current or
planned operations in order to conserve cash until such time, if
ever, that sufficient proceeds from operations are generated, and
could result in us not taking advantage of business opportunities,
in the termination or delay of clinical trials or us not taking any
necessary actions required by the FDA or Health Canada or other
regulatory authorities for one or more of our product candidates,
in curtailment of our product development programs designed to
identify new product candidates, in the sale or assignment of
rights to our technologies, products or product candidates, and/or
our inability to file ANDAs, Abbreviated New Drug Submissions
(“ANDSs”) or
NDAs, at all or in time to competitively market our products or
product candidates.
Delays,
suspensions and terminations in our preclinical studies and
clinical trials could result in increased costs to us and delay our
ability to generate product revenues.
The
commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of
reasons, including delays in:
●
demonstrating
sufficient safety and efficacy to obtain regulatory approval to
commence a clinical trial;
●
reaching agreement
on acceptable terms with prospective contract research
organizations and clinical trial sites;
●
manufacturing
sufficient quantities of a drug candidate;
●
obtaining
institutional review board approval to conduct a clinical trial at
a prospective clinical trial site;
●
patient enrollment;
and
●
for controlled
substances, obtaining specific permission to conduct a study, and
obtaining import and export permits to ship study
samples.
Once a
clinical trial has begun, it may be delayed, suspended or
terminated due to a number of factors, including:
●
the number of
patients that participate in the trial;
●
the length of time
required to enroll suitable subjects;
●
the duration of
patient follow-up;
●
the number of
clinical sites included in the trial;
●
changes in
regulatory requirements or regulatory delays or clinical holds
requiring suspension or termination of the trials;
●
delays, suspensions
or termination of clinical trials due to the institutional review
board overseeing the study at a particular site;
●
failure to conduct
clinical trials in accordance with regulatory
requirements;
●
unforeseen safety
issues, including serious adverse events or side effects
experienced by participants; and
●
inability to
manufacture, through third party manufacturers, adequate supplies
of the product candidate being tested.
Based
on results at any stage of product development, we may decide to
repeat or redesign preclinical studies or clinical trials, conduct
entirely new studies or discontinue development of products for one
or all indications. In addition, our product candidates may not
demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy in pending or any future
preclinical testing or clinical trials to obtain the requisite
regulatory approvals. Even if such approvals are obtained for our
products, they may not be accepted in the market as a viable
alternative to other products already approved or pending
approvals.
If we
experience delays, suspensions or terminations in a preclinical
study or clinical trial, the commercial prospects for our products
will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues will
be delayed or we may never be able to generate such
revenues.
Loss of key scientists and/or failure to attract qualified
personnel could limit our growth and negatively impact our
operations.
We are
dependent upon the scientific expertise of Dr. Isa Odidi, our
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Scientific Officer,
and Dr. Amina Odidi, our President, Chief Operating Officer and
Co-Chief Scientific Officer. Although we employ other qualified
scientists, Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi are our only employees with
the knowledge and experience necessary for us to continue the
development of controlled-release products. We do not maintain
key-person life insurance on any of our officers or employees.
Although we have employment agreements with key members of our
management team, each of our employees may terminate his or her
employment at any time. The success of our business depends, in
large part, on our continued ability to attract and retain highly
qualified management, scientific, manufacturing and sales and
marketing personnel, on our ability to successfully integrate new
employees, and on our ability to develop and maintain important
relationships with leading research and medical institutions and
key distributors. If we lose the services of our executive officers
or other qualified personnel or are unable to attract and retain
qualified individuals to fill these roles or develop key
relationships, our business, financial condition and results of
operations could be materially adversely affected.
Our intellectual property may not provide meaningful protection for
our products and product candidates.
We hold
certain U.S., Canadian and foreign patents and have pending
applications for additional patents outstanding. We intend to
continue to seek patent protection for, or maintain as trade
secrets, all of our commercially promising drug delivery platforms
and technologies. Our success depends, in part, on our and our
collaborative partners’ ability to obtain and maintain patent
protection for products and product candidates, maintain trade
secret protection and operate without infringing the proprietary
rights of third parties. Without patent and other similar
protection, other companies could offer substantially identical
products without incurring sizeable development costs which could
diminish our ability to recover expenses of and realize profits on
our developed products. If our pending patent applications are not
approved, or if we are unable to obtain patents for additional
developed technologies, the future protection for our technologies
will remain uncertain. Furthermore, third parties may independently
develop similar or alternative technologies, duplicate some or all
of our technologies, design around our patented technologies or
challenge our issued patents. Such third parties may have filed
patent applications, or hold issued patents, relating to products
or processes competitive with those we are developing or otherwise
restricting our ability to do business in a particular area. If we
are unable to obtain patents or otherwise protect our trade secrets
or other intellectual property and operate without infringing on
the proprietary rights of others, our business, financial condition
and results of operations could be materially adversely
affected.
We may be subject to intellectual property claims that could be
costly and could disrupt our business.
Third
parties may claim we have infringed their patents, trademarks,
copyrights or other rights. We may be unsuccessful in defending
against such claims, which could result in the inability to protect
our intellectual property rights or liability in the form of
substantial damages, fines or other penalties such as injunctions
precluding our manufacture, importation or sales of products. The
resolution of a claim could also require us to change how we do
business or enter into burdensome royalty or license agreements;
provided, however, we may not be able to obtain the necessary
licenses on acceptable terms, or at all. Insurance coverage may be
denied or may not be adequate to cover every claim that third
parties could assert against us. Even unsuccessful claims could
result in significant legal fees and other expenses, diversion of
management’s time and disruptions in our business. Any of
these claims could also harm our reputation. Any of the foregoing
may have a material adverse effect upon our business and financial
condition.
We are a defendant in litigation and are at risk of additional
similar litigation in the future that could divert
management’s attention and adversely affect our business and
could subject us to significant liabilities.
We are a defendant in the litigation matters described in this
annual report. The defense of such litigation may increase our
expenses and divert our management’s attention and resources,
and any unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on
our business and results of operations. Any adverse determination
in such litigation, or any settlement of such litigation matters
could require that we make significant payments. In addition, we
may be the target of other litigation in the future. Any negative
outcome in any ongoing or future litigation may have a material
adverse effect on our business and financial
condition.
Recent and future legal developments could make it more difficult
and costly for us to obtain regulatory approvals for our product
candidates and negatively affect the prices we may
charge.
In the
United States and elsewhere, recent and proposed legal and
regulatory changes to healthcare systems could prevent or delay our
receipt of regulatory approval for our product candidates, restrict
or regulate our post-approval marketing activities, and adversely
affect our ability to profitably sell our products. We do not know
whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether
the FDA’s regulations, guidance or interpretations will be
changed, or what impact any such changes will have, if any, on our
ability to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates.
Further, the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or
CMS, frequently changes product descriptors, coverage policies,
product and service codes, payment methodologies and reimbursement
values. Also, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the
FDA’s approval process could significantly delay or prevent
our receipt of regulatory approval for our product candidates and
subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing
testing and other requirements.
We operate in a highly litigious environment.
From
time to time, we may be exposed to claims and legal actions in the
normal course of business. There has been substantial litigation in
the pharmaceutical industry concerning the manufacture, use and
sale of new products that are the subject of conflicting patent
rights. When we file an ANDA or 505(b)(2) NDA for a bioequivalent
version of a drug, we may, in some circumstances, be required to
certify to the FDA that any patent which has been listed with the
FDA as covering the branded product has expired, the date any such
patent will expire, or that any such patent is invalid or will not
be infringed by the manufacture, sale or use of the new drug for
which the application is submitted. Approval of an ANDA is not
effective until each listed patent expires, unless the applicant
certifies that the patents at issue are not infringed or are
invalid and so notifies the patent holder and the holder of the
branded product. A patent holder may challenge a notice of
non-infringement or invalidity by suing for patent infringement
within 45 days of receiving notice. Such a challenge prevents FDA
approval for a period which ends 30 months after the receipt of
notice, or sooner if an appropriate court rules that the patent is
invalid or not infringed. From time to time, in the ordinary course
of business, we face and have faced such challenges and may
continue to do so in the future.
As of
the date of this annual report, we are not aware of any pending or
threatened material litigation claims against us, other than as
described in this annual report under the caption “Legal
Proceedings and Regulatory Actions”. Litigation to which we
are, or may be, subject could relate to, among other things, our
patent and other intellectual property rights or such rights of
others, business or licensing arrangements with other persons,
product liability or financing activities. Such litigation could
include an injunction against the manufacture or sale of one or
more of our products or potential products or a significant
monetary judgment, including a possible punitive damages award, or
a judgment that certain of our patent or other intellectual
property rights are invalid or unenforceable or infringe the
intellectual property rights of others. If such litigation is
commenced, our business, results of operations, financial condition
and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
We rely on maintaining as trade secrets our competitively sensitive
know-how and other information, the intentional or unintentional
disclosure of which could impair our competitive
position.
As to many technical aspects of our business, we have concluded
that competitively sensitive information is either not patentable
or that for competitive reasons it is not commercially advantageous
to seek patent protection. In these circumstances, we seek to
protect this know-how and other proprietary information by
maintaining it in confidence as a trade secret. To maintain the
confidentiality of our trade secrets, we generally enter into
agreements that contain confidentiality provisions with our
employees, consultants, collaborators, contract manufacturers and
advisors upon commencement of their relationships with us. These
provisions generally require that all confidential information
developed by the individual or made known to the individual by us
during the course of the individual’s relationship with us be
kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties. We may not
have these arrangements in place in all circumstances, and the
confidentiality provisions in our favor may be breached. We may not
become aware of, or have adequate remedies in the event of, any
such breach. In addition, in some situations, the confidentiality
provisions in our favor may conflict with, or be subject to, the
rights of third parties with whom our employees, consultants,
collaborators, contract manufacturers or advisors have previous
employment or consulting relationships. To the extent that our
employees, consultants, collaborators, contract manufacturers or
advisors use trade secrets or know-how owned by others in their
work for us, disputes may arise as to the ownership of relative
inventions. Also, others may independently develop substantially
equivalent trade secrets, processes and know-how, and competitors
may be able to use this information to develop products that
compete with our products, which could adversely impact our
business. The disclosure of our trade secrets could impair our
competitive position. Adequate remedies may not exist in the event
of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential
information.
Our founders potentially may be able to exercise influence over
certain corporate actions.
Our
founders, Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi, our President, Chief Operating
Officer and Co-Chief Scientific Officer and our Chairman, Chief
Executive Officer and Co-Chief Scientific Officer, respectively,
and shareholders of our Company, and Odidi Holdings Inc., a
privately-held company controlled by Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi, own
in the aggregate approximately 2.44% of our issued and outstanding
common shares as of March 31, 2021 (and collectively beneficially
owned in the aggregate approximately 19.79% of our common shares,
including common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
options and the conversion of the 2018 Debenture (as defined
below), May 2019 Debenture (as defined below) and the November 2019
Debenture (as defined below and collectively with the 2018
Debenture and the May 2019 Debenture, the “Debentures”). As a result, these
shareholders potentially may be able to exercise influence over
matters submitted to our shareholders for approval.
Approvals for our product candidates may be delayed or become more
difficult to obtain if the FDA changes its approval
requirements.
The FDA
may institute changes to its ANDA approval requirements, which may
make it more difficult or expensive for us to obtain approval for
our new generic products. For instance, in July 2012, the Generic
Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (“GDUFA”), was enacted into law. The
GDUFA legislation implemented substantial fees for new ANDAs, Drug
Master Files, and product and establishment fees. In return, the
program is intended to provide faster and more predictable ANDA
reviews by the FDA and more timely inspections of drug facilities.
For the FDA’s fiscal year 2021, the annual facility fee is $199,022 and
the GDUFA fee is $154,299. Under GDUFA, generic product companies
face significant penalties for failure to pay the new user fees,
including rendering an ANDA not “substantially
complete” until the fee is paid. It is currently uncertain
the effect the new fees will have on our ANDA process and business.
However, any failure by us or our suppliers to pay the fees or to
comply with the other provisions of GDUFA may adversely impact or
delay our ability to file ANDAs, obtain approvals for new generic
products and generate revenues and thus may have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
We cannot ensure the availability of raw materials.
Certain
raw materials necessary for the development and subsequent
commercial manufacture of our product candidates may be proprietary
products of other companies. While we attempt to manage the risk
associated with such proprietary raw materials through contractual
provisions in supply contracts, by management of inventory and by
continuing to search for alternative authorized suppliers of such
materials or their equivalents, if our efforts fail, or if there is
a material shortage, contamination, and/or recall of such
materials, the resulting scarcity, and scarcity as a result of any
other reason (such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), could
adversely affect our ability to develop or manufacture our product
candidates. In addition, many third party suppliers are subject to
governmental regulation and, accordingly, we are dependent on the
regulatory compliance of, as well as on the strength,
enforceability and terms of our various contracts with, these third
party suppliers.
Further, the FDA
requires identification of raw material suppliers in applications
for approval of drug products. If raw materials are unavailable
from a specified supplier, the supplier does not give us access to
its technical information for our application or the supplier is
not in compliance with FDA or other applicable requirements, FDA
approval of the supplier could delay the manufacture of the drug
involved. Any inability to obtain raw materials on a timely basis,
or any significant price increases which cannot be passed on to our
customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations, financial condition and cash
flows.
Our product candidates may not be successfully developed or
commercialized.
Successful
development of our product candidates is highly uncertain and is
dependent on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our
control. Products that appear promising in research or early phases
of development may fail to reach later stages of development or the
market for several reasons including:
●
for ANDA
candidates, bioequivalence studies results may not meet regulatory
requirements or guidelines for the demonstration of
bioequivalence;
●
for NDA candidates,
a product may not demonstrate acceptable large-scale clinical trial
results, even though it demonstrated positive preclinical or
initial clinical trial results;
●
for NDA candidates,
a product may not be effective in treating a specified condition or
illness;
●
a product may have
harmful side effects on humans;
●
products may fail
to receive the necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA or other
regulatory bodies, or there may be delays in receiving such
approvals;
●
changes in the
approval process of the FDA or other regulatory bodies during the
development period or changes in regulatory review for each
submitted product application may also cause delays in the approval
or result in rejection of an application;
●
difficulties may be
encountered in formulating products, scaling up manufacturing
processes or in getting approval for manufacturing;
●
difficulties may be
encountered in the manufacture and/or packaging of our
products;
●
once manufactured,
our products may not meet prescribed quality assurance and
stability tests;
●
manufacturing
costs, pricing or reimbursement issues, other competitive
therapeutics, or other commercial factors may make the product
uneconomical; and
●
the proprietary
rights of others, and their competing products and technologies,
may prevent the product from being developed or
commercialized.
Further, success in
preclinical and early clinical trials does not ensure that
large-scale clinical trials will be successful, nor does success in
preliminary studies for ANDA candidates or generic candidates in
other jurisdictions ensure that bioequivalence studies will be
successful. Results are frequently susceptible to varying
interpretations that may delay, limit or prevent regulatory
approvals. The length of time necessary to complete bioequivalence
studies or clinical trials and to submit an application for
marketing approval for a final decision by a regulatory authority
varies significantly and may be difficult to predict.
As a
result, there can be no assurance that any of our product
candidates currently in development will ever be successfully
commercialized and produce significant
revenue for us.
Near-term revenue depends significantly on the success of our
commercialized products.
Our
ability to generate significant near-term revenue will depend upon
successful commercialization of our ANDA products.
Our ANDA product, a once daily generic Focalin
XR® capsules, for which we received final approval from the
FDA in November 2013 under the Company ANDA (as defined below) to
launch the 15 and 30 mg strengths. Commercial sales of these
strengths were launched immediately by our commercialization
partner in the U.S., Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.
(“Par”). Our 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg strengths were
also then tentatively FDA approved, subject to the right of Teva
Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva”) to 180 days of generic exclusivity from
the date of first launch of such products. Teva launched its own 5,
10, 20 and 40 mg strengths of generic Focalin XR® capsules on
November 11, 2014, February 2, 2015, June 22, 2015 and November 19,
2013, respectively. In January 2017, Par launched the 25 and 35 mg
strengths of its generic Focalin XR® capsules in the U.S., and
in May 2017, Par launched the 10 and 20 mg strengths, complementing
the 15 and 30 mg strengths of our generic Focalin XR® marketed
by Par. The FDA granted final approval under the Par ANDA (as
defined in Item 4.B. below) for its generic Focalin XR®
capsules in the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg strengths. As
the first filer of an ANDA for generic Focalin XR® in the 25
and 35 mg strengths, Par had 180 days of U.S. generic marketing
exclusivity for those strengths. In November 2017, Par launched the
remaining 5 and 40 mg strengths of generic Focalin XR®,
complementing the 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 mg strengths previously
launched and marketed by Par and providing us with the full line of
general Focalin XR® strengths available in the U.S. market.
Under the Par agreement (as defined below), we receive calendar
quarterly profit-share payments on Par’s U.S. sales of
generic Focalin XR®. There can be no assurance that
commercialization of the product will produce significant revenue
for us. We depend significantly on the actions of our marketing
partner Par in the prosecution, regulatory approval and
commercialization of our generic Focalin XR® capsules and on
their timely payment to us of the contracted calendar quarterly
payments as they come due.
On
August 15, 2019, we announced a license and commercial supply
agreement with Tris Pharma, granting Tris Pharma the exclusive
license to market, sell and distribute all strengths of generic
Seroquel XR® (quetiapine fumarate extended-release
tablets) in the United States. In May 2019, we received approval
from the FDA for our ANDA for desvenlafaxine extended-release
tablets in the 50 and 100 mg strengths and on September 5, 2019, we
announced an agreement with Tris Pharma, granting Tris Pharma an
exclusive license to market, sell and distribute that product in
the United States. Our Venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release
capsules received final approval from the FDA in the 37.5, 75 and
150 mg strengths in November 2018; and the Company announced an
exclusive licensing agreement with Tris Pharma to market, sell and
distribute that product in the United States in November
2019.
There
can be no assurance that any strengths of products licensed to Tris
Pharma will be successfully commercialized and produce significant revenue for us. We
depend significantly on the actions of our marketing partner Tris
Pharma in the commercialization of these licensed products and on
their timely payment to us of the contracted payments as they come
due.
Our
near-term ability to generate significant revenue will depend upon
successful commercialization of our products in the U.S., where
the branded
products are in the market. Although we have some NDA
505(b)(2) product candidates in our pipeline, with the exception of
our oxycodone extended-release tablets (Aximris XR™), these
are at early stages of development. We have ANDAs still under
review by the FDA and ANDA products that have been approved by the
FDA that are not licensed.
Our significant expenditures on R&D may not lead to successful
product introductions.
We
conduct R&D primarily to enable us to manufacture and market
pharmaceuticals in accordance with FDA regulations. Typically,
research expenses related to the development of innovative
compounds and the filing of NDAs are significantly greater than
those expenses associated with ANDAs. As we continue to develop new
products, our research expenses will likely increase. We are
required to obtain FDA approval before marketing our drug products
and the approval process is costly and time consuming. Because of
the inherent risk associated with R&D efforts in our industry,
particularly with respect to new drugs, our R&D expenditures
may not result in the successful introduction of FDA approved new
pharmaceuticals.
We may not have the ability to develop or license, or otherwise
acquire, and introduce new products on a timely basis.
Product
development is inherently risky, especially for new drugs for which
safety and efficacy have not been established and the market is not
yet proven. Likewise, product licensing involves inherent risks
including uncertainties due to matters that may affect the
achievement of milestones, as well as the possibility of
contractual disagreements with regard to terms such as license
scope or termination rights. The development and commercialization
process, particularly with regard to new drugs, also requires
substantial time, effort and financial resources. The process of
obtaining FDA or other regulatory approval to manufacture and
market new and generic pharmaceutical products is rigorous, time
consuming, costly and largely unpredictable. We, or a partner, may
not be successful in obtaining FDA or other required regulatory
approval or in commercializing any of the product candidates that
we are developing or licensing.
Our business and operations are increasingly dependent on
information technology and accordingly we would suffer in the event
of computer system failures, cyber-attacks or a deficiency in
cyber-security.
Our
internal computer systems, and those of our vendors and current
and/or future drug development or commercialization partners of
ours, may be vulnerable to damage from cyber-attacks, computer
viruses, malware, natural disasters, terrorism, war,
telecommunication and electrical failures. The risk of a security
breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks, including
by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has
generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of
attempted attacks and intrusions have increased. If such an event
were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations or those of
a drug development or commercialization partner, it could result in
a material disruption of our product development programs. For
example, the loss of clinical trial data from completed or ongoing
or planned clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory
approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or
reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security
breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications,
or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary
information, we could incur significant liability and damage to our
reputation. In addition, further development of our drug candidates
could be adversely affected.
In
addition, the unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal
information could expose us or other third parties to regulatory
fines or penalties, litigation and potential liability, or
otherwise harm our business.
Our business can be impacted by wholesaler buying patterns,
increased generic competition and, to a lesser extent, seasonal
fluctuations, which may cause our operating results to
fluctuate.
We
believe that the revenues derived from our generic Focalin
XR®
capsules and other licensed products are subject to wholesaler
buying patterns, increased generic competition negatively impacting
price, margins and market share consistent with industry
post-exclusivity experience and, to a lesser extent, seasonal
fluctuations in relation to generic Focalin XR® capsules (as
these products are indicated for conditions including attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder which we expect may see increases in
prescription rates during the school term and declines in
prescription rates during the summer months). Accordingly, these
factors may cause our operating results to fluctuate.
We may not achieve our projected development goals in the time
frames we announce and expect.
We set
goals regarding the expected timing of meeting certain corporate
objectives, such as the commencement and completion of clinical
trials, anticipated regulatory approval and product launch dates.
From time to time, we may make certain public statements regarding
these goals. The actual timing of these events can vary
dramatically due to, among other things, insufficient funding,
delays or failures in our clinical trials or bioequivalence
studies, the uncertainties inherent in the regulatory approval
process, such as failure to secure appropriate product labeling
approvals, requests for additional information, delays in achieving
manufacturing or marketing arrangements necessary to commercialize
our product candidates and failure by our collaborators, marketing
and distribution partners, suppliers and other third parties to
fulfill contractual obligations. In addition, the possibility of a
patent infringement suit regarding one or more of our product
candidates could delay final FDA approval of such candidates. If we
fail to achieve one or more of these planned goals, the price of
our common shares could decline.
We have limited manufacturing, sales, marketing or distribution
capability and we must rely upon third parties for
such.
While
we have our own manufacturing facility in Toronto, we rely on
third-party manufacturers to supply pharmaceutical ingredients, and
we will be reliant upon a third-party manufacturer to produce
certain of our products and product candidates. Third-party
manufacturers may not be able to meet our deadlines or adhere to
quality standards and specifications. Our reliance on third parties
for the manufacture of pharmaceutical ingredients and finished
products creates a dependency that could severely disrupt our
research and development, our clinical testing, and ultimately our
sales and marketing efforts if such third party manufacturers fail
to perform satisfactorily, or do not adequately fulfill their
obligations. If our manufacturing operation or any contracted
manufacturing operation is unreliable or unavailable, we may not be
able to move forward with our intended business operations and our
entire business plan could fail. There is no assurance that our
manufacturing operation or any third-party manufacturers will be
able to meet commercialized scale production requirements in a
timely manner or in accordance with applicable standards or current
Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”).
If our manufacturing facility is unable to manufacture our
product(s) or the manufacturing process is interrupted due to
failure to comply with regulations or for other reasons, it could
have a material adverse impact on our business.
If our
manufacturing facility fails to comply with regulatory requirements
or encounter other manufacturing difficulties, it could adversely
affect our ability to supply products. All facilities and
manufacturing processes used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical
products are subject to inspection by regulatory agencies at any
time and must be operated in conformity with the current cGMP
regulations. Compliance with FDA and Health Canada cGMP
requirements applies to both drug products seeking regulatory
approval and to approved drug products. In complying with cGMP
requirements, pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities must
continually expend significant time, money and effort in
production, record-keeping and quality assurance and control so
that their products meet applicable specifications and other
requirements for product safety, efficacy and quality. Failure to
comply with applicable legal requirements subjects our
manufacturing facility to possible legal or regulatory action,
including shutdown, which may adversely affect our ability to
manufacture product. Were we not able to manufacture products at
our manufacturing facility because of regulatory, business or any
other reasons, the manufacture and marketing of these products
would be interrupted. This could have a material adverse impact on
our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash
flows and competitive position.
The use of legal and regulatory strategies by competitors with
innovator products, including the filing of citizen petitions, may
delay or prevent the introduction or approval of our product
candidates, increase our costs associated with the introduction or
marketing of our products, or significantly reduce the profit
potential of our product candidates.
Companies with
innovator drugs often pursue strategies that may serve to prevent
or delay competition from alternatives to their innovator products.
These strategies include, but are not limited to:
●
filing
“citizen petitions” with the FDA that may delay
competition by causing delays of our product
approvals;
●
seeking to
establish regulatory and legal obstacles that would make it more
difficult to demonstrate a product’s bioequivalence or
“sameness” to the related innovator
product;
●
filing suits for
patent infringement that automatically delay FDA approval of
products seeking approval based on the Section 505(b)(2)
pathway;
●
obtaining
extensions of market exclusivity by conducting clinical trials of
innovator drugs in pediatric populations or by other
methods;
●
persuading the FDA
to withdraw the approval of innovator drugs for which the patents
are about to expire, thus allowing the innovator company to develop
and launch new patented products serving as substitutes for the
withdrawn products;
●
seeking to obtain
new patents on drugs for which patent protection is about to
expire; and
●
initiating
legislative and administrative efforts in various states to limit
the substitution of innovator products by pharmacies.
These
strategies could delay, reduce or eliminate our entry into the
market and our ability to generate revenues from our products and
product candidates.
Our products and product candidates, if approved for sale, may not
gain acceptance among physicians, patients and the medical
community, thereby limiting our potential to generate
revenue.
Even if
we are able to obtain regulatory approvals for our product
candidates, the success of any of our products will be dependent
upon market acceptance by physicians, healthcare professionals and
third-party payers and our profitability and growth will depend on
a number of factors, including:
●
demonstration of
safety and efficacy;
●
changes in the
practice guidelines and the standard of care for the targeted
indication;
●
relative
convenience and ease of administration;
●
the prevalence and
severity of any adverse side effects;
●
the availability of
alternative products from competitors;
●
the prices of our
products relative to those of our competitors;
●
pricing,
reimbursement and cost effectiveness, which may be subject to
regulatory control;
●
the number of
competitive product entries, and the nature and extent of any
aggressive pricing and rebate activities that may
follow;
●
the timing of our
market entry;
●
the ability to
market our products effectively at the retail level;
●
the acceptance of
our products by government and private formularies;
and
●
the availability of
adequate third-party insurance coverage or
reimbursement.
If any
product candidate that we develop does not provide a treatment
regimen that is as beneficial as, or is perceived as being as
beneficial as, the current standard of care or otherwise does not
provide patient benefit, that product candidate, if approved for
commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, likely
will not achieve market acceptance. Our ability to effectively
promote and sell any approved products will also depend on pricing
and cost-effectiveness, including our ability to produce a product
at a competitive price and our ability to obtain sufficient
third-party coverage or reimbursement. If any product candidate is
approved but does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by
physicians, patients and third-party payers, our ability to
generate revenues from that product would be substantially reduced.
In addition, our efforts to educate the medical community and
third-party payers on the benefits of our product candidates may
require significant resources, may be constrained by FDA rules and
policies on product promotion, and may never be
successful.
The risks and uncertainties inherent in conducting clinical trials
could delay or prevent the development and commercialization of our
own branded products, which could have a material adverse effect on
our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition, and
growth prospects.
There
are a number of risks and uncertainties associated with clinical
trials, which may be exacerbated by our relatively limited
experience in conducting and supervising clinical trials and
preparing NDAs. The results of initial clinical trials may not be
indicative of results that would be obtained from large scale
testing. Clinical trials are often conducted with patients having
advanced stages of disease and, as a result, during the course of
treatment these patients can die or suffer adverse medical effects
for reasons that may not be related to the pharmaceutical agents
being tested, but which nevertheless affect the clinical trial
results. In addition, side effects experienced by the patients may
cause delay of approval of our product candidates or a limited
application of an approved product. Moreover, our clinical trials
may not demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy to obtain FDA
approval.
Failure
can occur at any time during the clinical trial process and, in
addition, the results from early clinical trials may not be
predictive of results obtained in later and larger clinical trials,
and product candidates in later clinical trials may fail to show
the desired safety or efficacy despite having progressed
successfully through earlier clinical testing. A number of
companies in the pharmaceutical industry have suffered significant
setbacks in clinical trials, even in advanced clinical trials after
showing positive results in earlier clinical trials. In the future,
the completion of clinical trials for our product candidates may be
delayed or halted for many reasons, including those relating to the
following:
●
delays in patient
enrollment, and variability in the number and types of patients
available for clinical trials;
●
regulators or
institutional review boards may not allow us to commence or
continue a clinical trial;
●
our inability, or
the inability of our partners, to manufacture or obtain from third
parties materials sufficient to complete our clinical
trials;
●
delays or failures
in reaching agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or
clinical trial protocols with prospective clinical trial
sites;
●
risks associated
with trial design, which may result in a failure of the trial to
show statistically significant results even if the product
candidate is effective;
●
difficulty in
maintaining contact with patients after treatment commences,
resulting in incomplete data;
●
poor effectiveness
of product candidates during clinical trials;
●
safety issues,
including adverse events associated with product
candidates;
●
the failure of
patients to complete clinical trials due to adverse side effects,
dissatisfaction with the product candidate, or other
reasons;
●
governmental or
regulatory delays or changes in regulatory requirements, policy and
guidelines; and
●
varying
interpretation of data by the FDA or other applicable foreign
regulatory agencies.
In
addition, our product candidates could be subject to competition
for clinical study sites and patients from other therapies under
development by other companies which may delay the enrollment in or
initiation of our clinical trials. Many of these companies have
significantly more resources than we do.
The FDA
or other foreign regulatory authorities may require us to conduct
unanticipated additional clinical trials, which could result in
additional expense and delays in bringing our product candidates to
market. Any failure or delay in completing clinical trials for our
product candidates would prevent or delay the commercialization of
our product candidates. There can be no assurance our expenses
related to clinical trials will lead to the development of
brand-name drugs which will generate revenues in the near future.
Delays or failure in the development and commercialization of our
own branded products could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations, liquidity, financial condition, and our
growth prospects.
We rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product
candidates, and if they do not properly and successfully perform
their legal and regulatory obligations, as well as their
contractual obligations to us, we may not be able to obtain
regulatory approvals for our product candidates.
We
design the clinical trials for our product candidates, but rely on
contract research organizations and other third parties to assist
us in managing, monitoring and otherwise carrying out these trials,
including with respect to site selection, contract negotiation and
data management. We do not control these third parties and, as a
result, they may not treat our clinical studies as their highest
priority, or in the manner in which we would prefer, which could
result in delays. Although we rely on third parties to conduct our
clinical trials, we are responsible for confirming that each of our
clinical trials is conducted in accordance with our general
investigational plan and protocol. Moreover, the FDA and foreign
regulatory agencies require us to comply with regulations and
standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices
(“good clinical practices”) for conducting, recording
and reporting the results of clinical trials to ensure that the
data and results are credible and accurate and that the trial
participants are adequately protected. Our reliance on third
parties does not relieve us of these responsibilities and
requirements. The FDA enforces good clinical practices through
periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and
trial sites. If we, our contract research organizations or our
study sites fail to comply with applicable good clinical practices,
the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed
unreliable and the FDA may require us to perform additional
clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. There
can be no assurance that, upon inspection, the FDA will determine
that any of our clinical trials comply with good clinical
practices. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with
product manufactured under the FDA’s cGMP regulations. Our
failure, or the failure of our contract manufacturers, if any are
involved in the process, to comply with these regulations may
require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the
regulatory approval process.
If
third parties do not successfully carry out their duties under
their agreements with us; if the quality or accuracy of the data
they obtain is compromised due to failure to adhere to our clinical
protocols or regulatory requirements; or if they otherwise fail to
comply with clinical trial protocols or meet expected deadlines,
our clinical trials may not meet regulatory requirements. If our
clinical trials do not meet regulatory requirements or if these
third parties need to be replaced, such clinical trials may be
extended, delayed, suspended or terminated. If any of these events
occur, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of our
product candidates, which could have a material adverse effect on
our results of operations, financial condition and growth
prospects.
Competition in our industry is intense, and developments by other
companies could render our products and product candidates
obsolete.
Many of
our competitors, including medical technology, pharmaceutical or
biotechnology and other companies, universities, government
agencies, or research organizations, have substantially greater
financial and technical resources and production and marketing
capabilities than we have. They also may have greater experience in
conducting bioequivalence studies, preclinical testing and clinical
trials of pharmaceutical products, obtaining FDA and other
regulatory approvals, and ultimately commercializing any approved
products. Therefore, our competitors may succeed in developing and
commercializing technologies and products that are more effective
than the drug delivery technologies we have developed or we are
developing or that will cause our technologies or products to
become obsolete or non-competitive. In addition, such competitors
may obtain FDA approval for products faster than us. Any of the
foregoing could render our products obsolete and uncompetitive,
which would have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations. Even if we commence
further commercial sales of our products, we will be competing
against the greater manufacturing efficiency and marketing
capabilities of our competitors, areas in which we have limited or
no experience.
We rely
on collaborative arrangements with third parties that provide
manufacturing and/or marketing support for some or all of our
products and product candidates. Even if we find a potential
partner, we may not be able to negotiate an arrangement on
favorable terms or achieve results that we consider satisfactory.
In addition, such arrangements can be terminated under certain
conditions and do not assure a product’s success. We also
face intense competition for collaboration arrangements with other
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.
Although we believe
that our ownership of patents for some of our drug delivery
products will limit direct competition for such products, we must
also compete with established existing products and other
technologies, products and delivery alternatives that may be more
effective than our products and proposed products. In addition, we
may not be able to compete effectively with other commercially
available products or drug delivery technologies.
We require regulatory approvals for any products that use our drug
delivery technologies.
Our
drug delivery technologies can be quite complex, with many
different components. The development required to take a technology
from its earliest stages to its incorporation in a product that is
sold commercially can take many years and cost a substantial amount
of money. Significant technical challenges are common as additional
products incorporating our technologies progress through
development.
Any
particular technology such as our abuse-deterrent technology may
not perform in the same manner when used with different therapeutic
agents, and therefore this technology may not prove to be as useful
or valuable as originally thought, resulting in additional
development work.
If our
efforts do not repeatedly lead to successful development of product
candidates, we may not be able to grow our pipeline or to enter
into agreements with marketing and distribution partners or
collaborators that are willing to distribute or develop our product
candidates. Delays or unanticipated increases in costs of
development at any stage, or failure to solve a technical
challenge, could adversely affect our operating
results.
If
contract manufacturers fail to devote sufficient time and resources
to our concerns, or if their performance is substandard, the
commercialization of our products could be delayed or prevented,
and this may result in higher costs or deprive us of potential
product revenues.
We rely
on contract manufacturers for certain components and ingredients of
our clinical trial materials, such as active pharmaceutical
ingredients (“APIs”), and we may rely on such
manufacturers for commercial sales purposes as well. Our reliance
on contract manufacturers in these respects will expose us to
several risks which could delay or prevent the commercialization of
our products, result in higher costs, or deprive us of potential
product revenues, including:
●
Difficulties in
achieving volume production, quality control and quality assurance,
or technology transfer, as well as with shortages of qualified
personnel;
●
The failure to
establish and follow cGMP and to document adherence to such
practices;
●
The need to
revalidate manufacturing processes and procedures in accordance
with FDA and other nationally mandated cGMPs and potential prior
regulatory approval upon a change in contract
manufacturers;
●
Failure to perform
as agreed or to remain in the contract manufacturing business for
the time required to produce, store and distribute our products
successfully;
●
The potential for
an untimely termination or non-renewal of contracts;
and
●
The potential for
us to be in breach of our collaboration and marketing and
distribution arrangements with third parties for the failure of our
contract manufacturers to perform their obligations to
us.
In
addition, drug manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic
unannounced inspection by the FDA and corresponding state and
foreign agencies to ensure strict compliance with cGMP and other
government regulations. While we may audit the performance of
third-party contractors, we will not have complete control over
their compliance with these regulations and standards. Failure by
either our third-party manufacturers or by us to comply with
applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on
us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure of
applicable regulatory authorities to grant review of submissions or
market approval of drugs, delays, suspension or withdrawal of
approvals, product seizures or recalls, operating restrictions,
facility closures and criminal prosecutions, any of which could
harm our business.
We are subject to currency rate fluctuations that may impact our
financial results.
Although our
financial results are reported in U.S. dollars and our revenues are
payable in U.S. dollars, a large percentage of our expenses are
payable in Canadian dollars. Our financial condition may be
affected by movements of the U.S. dollar against the Canadian
dollar. There may be instances where we have net foreign currency
exposure. Any fluctuations in exchange rates may have an adverse
effect on our financial results.
We are exposed to risks arising from the ability and willingness of
our third-party commercialization partners to provide documentation
that may be required to support information on revenues earned by
us from those commercialization partners.
If our
third-party commercialization partners, from whom we receive
revenues, are unable or unwilling to supply necessary or sufficient
documentation to support the revenue numbers in our financial
statements in a timely manner to the satisfaction of our auditors,
this may lead to delays in the timely publication of our financial
results, our ability to obtain an auditor’s report on our
financial statements and our possible inability to access the
financial markets during the time our results remain
unpublished.
We rely on commercial partners, and may rely on future commercial
partners, to market and commercialize our products and, if
approved, our product candidates, and one or more of those
commercial partners may fail to develop and effectively
commercialize our current, and any future, products.
Our
core competency and strategic focus is on drug development and we
now, and may in the future, utilize strategic commercial partners
to assist in the commercialization of our products and our product
candidates, if approved by the FDA. If we enter into strategic
partnerships or similar arrangements, we will rely on third parties
for financial resources and for commercialization, sales and
marketing. Our commercial partners may fail to develop or
effectively commercialize our current, and any future products, for
a variety of reasons, including, among others, intense competition,
lack of adequate financial or other resources or focus on other
initiatives or priorities. Any failure of our third-party
commercial partners to successfully market and commercialize our
products and product candidates would diminish our
revenues.
We have limited sales, marketing and distribution
experience.
We have
limited experience in the sales, marketing, and distribution of
pharmaceutical products. There can be no assurance that, if
required, we would be able to establish sales, marketing, and
distribution capabilities or make arrangements with our
collaborators, licensees, or others to perform such activities or
that such efforts would be successful. If we fail to establish
successful marketing and sales capabilities or to make arrangements
with third parties, our business, financial condition and results
of operations will be materially adversely affected.
Our effective tax rate may vary.
Various
internal and external factors may have favorable or unfavorable
effects on our future effective tax rate. These factors include,
but are not limited to, changes in tax laws, regulations and/or
rates, changing interpretations of existing tax laws or
regulations, future levels of R&D spending, the availability of
tax credit programs for the reimbursement of all or a significant
proportion of R&D spending, and changes in overall levels of
pre-tax earnings. At present, we qualify in Canada for certain
research tax credits for qualified scientific research and
experimental development pertaining to our drug delivery
technologies and drug products in research stages. If Canadian tax
laws relating to research tax credits were substantially negatively
altered or eliminated, or if a substantial portion of our claims
for tax credits were denied by the relevant taxing authorities,
pursuant to an audit or otherwise, it would have a material adverse
effect upon our financial results.
The
effect of U.S. federal income tax law changes enacted in 2017 on
the U.S. corporate income tax burden on our future U.S. operations
cannot be predicted. Although such legislation reduced the maximum
corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, it also introduced
several changes that could increase our effective rate of tax to a
rate in excess of 21% on any net operating income we earn in the
future. For example, if our operations are highly leveraged, the
new limitations on business interest deductions may prevent us from
being able to reduce our corporate income tax base by a significant
amount of interest incurred on debt necessary to fund operations.
In addition, limitations enacted in and after 2017 on a
corporation’s ability to reduce its taxable income by net
operating loss carryovers may prevent us from using prior year
accumulated losses fully to offset taxable income earned in
profitable years. Finally, if we make significant payments for
interest, royalties, services and otherwise deductible items to our
foreign affiliates, the base erosion minimum tax enacted in 2017
may apply to increase our effective rate of U.S. corporate income
tax.
Shareholder ownership interest in the Company may be diluted as a
result of future financings and acquisitions.
The
Company may seek to raise funds from time to time in public or
private issuances of equity in the near future or over the longer
term. Sales of the Company’s securities offered through
future equity offerings may result in substantial dilution to the
interests of the Company’s current shareholders. The sale of
a substantial number of securities to investors, or anticipation of
such sales, could make it more difficult for the Company to sell
equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at
a price that the Company might otherwise wish to effect sales. In
addition, the Company may issue its common shares for various
acquisitions in the future, which may also result in substantial
dilution to the interests of the Company’s current
shareholders.
Authorized capital includes an unlimited number of shares of Common
Shares.
The
Company’s authorized capital consists of an unlimited number
of shares of one class designated as common shares. The directors
may create any class or series of shares by resolution but may not
make any modification to the provisions attaching to our common
shares without the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes cast
by the holders of the Common Shares. The Company’s common
shares do not have pre-emptive rights to purchase additional
shares.
We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which
could result in significant additional costs and
expenses.
We are
a “foreign private issuer,” as such term is defined
under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(“U.S. Securities
Act”), and, therefore, we are not required to comply
with all the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements
of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“U.S. Exchange
Act”) and related rules and regulations. Under the
U.S. Securities Act, the determination of foreign private issuer
status is made annually on the last business day of an
issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter and,
accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to us
on May 30, 2021.
In the
future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if a
majority of our shares are owned by U.S residents and a majority of
our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents
or we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss
of foreign private issuer status. Although we have elected to
comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign
private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory. If we
are not a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file
periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic
issuer forms with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(“SEC”), which
are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a
foreign private issuer. For example, the annual report on Form 10-K
requires domestic issuers to disclose executive compensation
information on an individual basis with specific disclosure
regarding the domestic compensation philosophy, objectives, annual
total compensation (base salary, bonus and equity compensation) and
potential payments in connection with change in control,
retirement, death or disability, while the annual report on Form
20-F permits foreign private issuers to disclose compensation
information on an aggregate basis. We would also have to
mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our
executive officers, directors and principal shareholders would
become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery
provisions of Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act. We may also
be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with good
governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers. In
addition, we may lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from
certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges
that are available to foreign private issuers. Such transition and
modifications would involve additional costs and may divert our
management’s attention from other business concerns, which
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Future issuances of our shares could adversely affect the trading
price of our Common Shares and could result in substantial dilution
to shareholders.
We may
need to issue substantial amounts of common shares in the future.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell any
additional shares. To the extent that the market price of our
common shares declines, we will need to issue an increasing number
of common shares per dollar of equity investment. In addition to
our common shares issuable in connection with the exercise of our
outstanding warrants, our employees, and directors will hold rights
to acquire substantial amounts of our common shares. In order to
obtain future financing if required, it is likely that we will
issue additional common shares or financial instruments that are
exchangeable for or convertible into common shares. Also, in order
to provide incentives to employees and induce prospective employees
and consultants to work for us, we may offer and issue options to
purchase common shares and/or rights exchangeable for or
convertible into common shares. Future issuances of shares could
result in substantial dilution to shareholders. Capital raising
activities, if available, and dilution associated with such
activities could cause our share price to decline. In addition, the
existence of common share purchase warrants may encourage short
selling by market participants. Also, in order to provide
incentives to current employees and directors and induce
prospective employees and consultants to work for us, we have
historically granted options and deferred share units
(“DSUs”), and intend to continue to do so or offer and
issue other rights exchangeable for or convertible into common
shares. Future issuances of shares could result in substantial
dilution to all our shareholders. In addition, future public sales
by holders of our common shares could impair our ability to raise
capital through any future equity offerings.
Risks related to our Industry
Generic drug manufacturers will increase competition for certain
products and may reduce our expected royalties.
Part of
our product development strategy includes making NDA filings
relating to product candidates involving the novel reformulation of
existing drugs with active ingredients that are off-patent. Such
NDA product candidates, if approved, are likely to face competition
from generic versions of such drugs in the future. Regulatory
approval for generic drugs may be obtained without investing in
costly and time consuming clinical trials. Because of substantially
reduced development costs, manufacturers of generic drugs are often
able to charge much lower prices for their products than the
original developer of a new product. If we face competition from
manufacturers of generic drugs on products we may commercialize,
such as our once-daily Oxycodone ER product candidate, the prices
at which such of our products are sold and the revenues we may
receive could be reduced.
Revenues from generic pharmaceutical products typically decline as
a result of competition, both from other pharmaceutical companies
and as a result of increased governmental pricing
pressure.
Our
generic drugs face intense competition. Prices of generic drugs
typically decline, often dramatically, especially as additional
generic pharmaceutical companies (including low-cost generic
producers based in China and India) receive approvals and enter the
market for a given product and competition intensifies.
Consequently, our ability to sustain our sales and profitability on
any given product over time is affected by the number of new
companies selling such product and the timing of their
approvals.
In
addition, intense pressure from government healthcare authorities
to reduce their expenditures on prescription drugs could result in
lower pharmaceutical pricing, causing decreases in our
revenues.
Furthermore, brand
pharmaceutical companies continue to defend their products
vigorously. For example, brand companies often sell or license
their own generic versions of their products, either directly or
through other generic pharmaceutical companies (so-called
“authorized
generics”). No significant regulatory approvals are
required for authorized generics, and brand companies do not face
any other significant barriers to entry into such market. Brand
companies may seek to delay introductions of generic equivalents
through a variety of commercial and regulatory tactics. These
actions may increase the costs and risks of our efforts to
introduce generic products and may delay or prevent such
introduction altogether.
Market acceptance of our products will be limited if users of our
products are unable to obtain adequate reimbursement from
third-party payers.
Government health
administration authorities, private health insurers and other
organizations generally provide reimbursement for products like
ours, and our commercial success will depend in part on whether
appropriate reimbursement levels for the cost of our products and
related treatments are obtained from government authorities,
private health insurers and other organizations, such as health
maintenance organizations and managed care organizations. Even if
we succeed in bringing any of our products to market, third-party
payers may not provide reimbursement in whole or in part for the
use of such products.
Significant
uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved
health care products. Some of our product candidates, such as our
once-daily Oxycodone ER, are intended to replace or alter existing
therapies or procedures. These third-party payers may conclude that
our products are less safe, less effective or less economical than
those existing therapies or procedures. Therefore, third-party
payers may not approve our products for reimbursement. We may be
required to make substantial pricing concessions in order to gain
access to the formularies of large managed-care organizations. If
third party payers do not approve our products for reimbursement or
fail to reimburse them adequately, sales will suffer as some
physicians or their patients may opt for a competing product that
is approved for reimbursement or is adequately reimbursed. Even if
third-party payers make reimbursement available, these
payers’ reimbursement policies may adversely affect our
ability and our potential marketing and distribution
partners’ ability to sell our products on a profitable
basis.
We are subject to significant costs and uncertainties related to
compliance with the extensive regulations that govern the
manufacturing, labeling, distribution, cross-border imports and
promotion of pharmaceutical products as well as environmental,
safety and health regulations.
Governmental
authorities in the United States and Canada regulate the research
and development, testing and safety of pharmaceutical products. The
regulations applicable to our existing and future products may
change. Regulations require extensive clinical trials and other
testing and government review and final approval before we can
market our products. The cost of complying with government
regulation can be substantial and may exceed our available
resources, causing delay or cancellation of our product
introductions.
Some
abbreviated application procedures for controlled-release drugs and
other products, including those related to our ANDA filings, or to
the ANDA filings of unrelated third parties in respect of drugs
similar to or chemically related to those of our ANDA filings, are
or may become the subject of petitions filed by brand-name drug
manufacturers or other ANDA filers seeking changes from the FDA in
the interpretation of the statutory approval requirements for
particular drugs as part of their strategy to thwart or advance
generic competition. We cannot predict whether the FDA will make
any changes to its interpretation of the requirements applicable to
our ANDA applications as a result of these petitions, or whether
unforeseen delays will occur in our ANDA filings while the FDA
considers such petitions or changes or otherwise, or the effect
that any changes may have on us. Any such changes in FDA
interpretation of the statutes or regulations, or any legislated
changes in the statutes or regulations, may make it more difficult
for us to file ANDAs or obtain further approval of our ANDAs and
generate revenues and thus may materially harm our business and
financial results.
Any
failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approvals could make it so
that we are unable to market any products we develop and therefore
adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial
condition and cash flows. Even if product candidates are approved
in the United States or Canada, regulatory authorities in other
countries must approve a product prior to the commencement of
marketing the product in those countries. The time required to
obtain any such approval may be longer than in the United States or
Canada, which could cause the introduction of our products in other
countries to be cancelled or materially delayed.
The
manufacturing, distribution, processing, formulation, packaging,
labeling, cross-border importation and advertising of our products
are subject to extensive regulation by federal agencies, including
the FDA, Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Trade Commission,
Consumer Product Safety Commission and Environmental Protection
Agency in the United States, and Health Canada and Canada Border
Services Agency in Canada, among others. We are also subject to
state and local laws, regulations and agencies. Compliance with
these regulations requires substantial expenditures of time, money
and effort in such areas as production and quality control to
ensure full technical compliance. Failure to comply with FDA and
Health Canada and other governmental regulations can result in
fines, disgorgement, unanticipated compliance expenditures, recall
or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production
or distribution, suspension of the FDA’s or Health
Canada’s review of NDAs, ANDAs or ANDSs, as the case may be,
enforcement actions, injunctions and civil or criminal
prosecution.
Environmental laws
have changed in recent years and we may become subject to stricter
environmental standards in the future and face larger capital
expenditures in order to comply with environmental laws. We are
subject to extensive federal, state, provincial and local
environmental laws and regulations which govern the discharge,
emission, storage, handling and disposal of a variety of substances
that may be used in, or result from, our operations. We are also
subject periodically to environmental compliance reviews by
environmental, safety, and health regulatory agencies and to
potential liability for the remediation of contamination associated
with both present and past hazardous waste generation, handling,
and disposal activities. We cannot accurately predict the outcome
or timing of future expenditures that we may be required to make in
order to comply with the federal, state, local and provincial
environmental, safety, and health laws and regulations that are
applicable to our operations and facilities.
There has been an increased public awareness of the problems
associated with the potential for abuse opioid-based
medications.
There
has been increasing legislative attention to opioid abuse in the
U.S., including passage of the 2016 Comprehensive Addiction and
Recovery Act and the 21st Century Cures Act, which, among other
things, strengthens state prescription drug monitoring programs and
expands educational efforts for certain populations. These laws
could result in fewer prescriptions being written for opioid drugs,
which could impact future sales of our Oxycodone ER and related
opioid product candidates.
Federal, state and
local governmental agencies have increased their level of scrutiny
of commercial practices of companies marketing and distributing
opioid products, resulting in investigations, litigation and
regulatory intervention affecting other companies. A number of
counties and municipalities have filed lawsuits against
pharmaceutical wholesale distributors, pharmaceutical manufacturers
and retail chains related to the distribution of prescription
opioid pain medications. Policy makers and regulators are seeking
to reduce the impact of opioid abuse on families and communities
and are focusing on policies aimed at reversing the potential for
abuse. In furtherance of those efforts, the FDA has developed an
action plan and has committed to enhance safety labeling, require
new data, strengthen post-market requirements, update the Risk
Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program, expand access to
and encourage the development of abuse-deterrent formulations and
alternative treatments, and re-examine the risk-benefit profile of
opioids to consider the wider public health effects of opioids,
including the risk of misuse. Several states also have passed laws
and have employed other clinical and public health strategies to
curb prescription drug abuse, including prescription limitations,
increased physician education requirements, enhanced monitoring
programs, tighter restrictions on access, and greater oversight of
pain clinics. This increasing scrutiny and related governmental and
private actions, even if not related to a product that we intend to
manufacture and commercialize, could have an unfavorable impact on
the overall market for opioid-based products such as our Oxycodone
ER product candidate, or otherwise negatively affect our
business.
Healthcare reform measures could hinder or prevent the commercial
success of our products and product candidates.
In the
United States, there have been, and we expect there will continue
to be, a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the
healthcare system that could affect our future revenues and
potential profitability. Federal and state lawmakers regularly
propose and, at times, enact legislation that results in
significant changes to the healthcare system, some of which are
intended to contain or reduce the costs of medical products and
services. An example of this is the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education
Reconciliation Act, or, collectively, the Affordable Care Act. In
addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted
in the U.S. since the Affordable Care Act was enacted.
The
cost of prescription pharmaceuticals has also been the subject of
considerable discussion in the U.S. Members of Congress have
indicated that they will address such costs through new legislative
and administrative measures. To date, there have been several U.S.
Congressional inquiries and proposed and enacted federal and state
legislation designed to, among other things, bring more
transparency to drug pricing, review the relationship between
pricing and manufacturer patient programs, reduce the costs of
drugs under Medicare and reform government program reimbursement
methodologies for drug products.
Individual state
legislatures in the U.S. have become increasingly aggressive in
passing legislation and implementing regulations designed to
control pharmaceutical and biological product pricing. Some of
these measures include price or patient reimbursement constraints,
discounts, restrictions on certain product access, marketing cost
disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, measures
designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk
purchasing. In addition, regional health care authorities and
individual hospitals are increasingly using bidding procedures to
determine what pharmaceutical products and which suppliers will be
included in their prescription drug and other health care programs.
These measures could reduce the ultimate demand for our products,
once approved, or put pressure on our product pricing.
We
expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures
will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts
that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products
and services, and which could result in reduced demand for our
products once approved or additional pricing pressures, and may
adversely affect our operating results.
Our ability to market and promote our Oxycodone ER product
candidate and its abuse-deterrent features will be determined by
FDA-approved labeling requirements.
The
commercial success of our Oxycodone ER product candidate will
depend upon our ability to obtain requested FDA-approved labeling
describing its abuse-deterrent features. Our failure to achieve FDA
approval of requested product labeling containing such information
will prevent us from advertising and promoting the abuse-deterrent
features of our product candidate in a way to differentiate it from
competitive products. This would make our product candidate less
competitive in the market. Moreover, FDA approval is required in
order to make claims that a product has an abuse-deterrent
effect.
In
April 2015, the FDA published final guidance with respect to the
evaluation and labeling of abuse-deterrent opioids. The guidance
provides direction as to the studies and data required for
obtaining abuse-deterrent claims in a product label. If a product
is approved by the FDA to include such claims in its label, the
applicant may use the approved labeling information about the
abuse-deterrent features of the product in its marketing efforts to
physicians.
Although we intend
to provide data to the FDA to support approval of abuse-deterrence
label claims for Oxycodone ER, there can be no assurance that
Oxycodone ER or any of our other product candidates will receive
FDA-approved labeling that describes the abuse-deterrent features
of such products. The FDA may find that our studies and data do not
support our requested abuse-deterrent labeling or that our product
candidate does not provide substantial abuse-deterrence benefits
because, for example, its deterrence mechanisms do not address the
way it is most likely to be abused. Furthermore, the FDA could
change its guidance, which could require us to conduct additional
studies or generate additional data. If the FDA does not approve
our requested abuse-deterrent labeling, we will be limited in our
ability to promote Oxycodone ER based on its abuse-deterrent
features and, as a result, our business may suffer.
We may be subject to product liability claims for which we may not
have or be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage.
The
testing and marketing of pharmaceutical products entails an
inherent risk of product liability. Liability exposures for
pharmaceutical products can be extremely large and pose a material
risk. In some instances, we may be or may become contractually
obligated to indemnify third parties for such liability. Our
business may be materially and adversely affected by a successful
product liability claim or claims in excess of any insurance
coverage that we may have. Further, even if claims are not
successful, the costs of defending such claims and potential
adverse publicity could be harmful to our business.
While
we currently have, and in some cases are contractually obligated to
maintain, insurance for our business, property and our products as
they are administered in bioavailability/bioequivalence studies,
first and third party insurance is increasingly costly and narrow
in scope. Therefore, we may be unable to meet such contractual
obligations or we may be required to assume more risk in the
future. If we are subject to third party claims or suffer a loss or
damage in excess of our insurance coverage, we may be required to
bear that risk in excess of our insurance limits. Furthermore, any
first or third party claims made on our insurance policy may impact
our ability to obtain or maintain insurance coverage at reasonable
costs or at all in the future. Any of the foregoing may have a
material adverse effect on our business and financial
condition.
Our products involve the use of hazardous materials and waste, and
as a result we are exposed to potential liability claims and to
costs associated with complying with laws regulating hazardous
waste.
Our
R&D activities involve the use of hazardous materials,
including chemicals, and are subject to Canadian federal,
provincial and local laws and regulations governing the use,
manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials
and waste products. It is possible that accidental injury or
contamination from these materials may occur. In the event of an
accident, we could be held liable for any damages, which could
exceed our available financial resources. Further, we may not be
able to maintain insurance to cover these costs on acceptable
terms, or at all. In addition, we may be required to incur
significant costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations
in the future.
Our operations may be adversely affected by risks associated with
international business.
We may
be subject to certain risks that are inherent in an international
business, including:
●
varying regulatory
restrictions on sales of our products to certain markets and
unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
●
tariffs, customs,
duties, and other trade barriers;
●
difficulties in
managing foreign operations and foreign distribution
partners;
●
longer payment
cycles and problems in collecting accounts receivable;
●
foreign exchange
controls that may restrict or prohibit repatriation of
funds;
●
export and import
restrictions or prohibitions, and delays from customs brokers or
government agencies;
●
seasonal reductions
in business activity in certain parts of the world;
and
●
potentially adverse
tax consequences.
Depending on the
countries involved, any or all of the foregoing factors could
materially harm our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
In the event we pursue growth through international operations,
such growth could strain our resources, and if we are unable to
manage any growth we may experience, we may not be able to
successfully implement our business plan.
In
connection with any geographic expansion we may pursue,
international operations would involve substantial additional
risks, including, among others: difficulties complying with the
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other applicable
anti-bribery laws; difficulties maintaining compliance with the
various laws and regulations of multiple jurisdictions that may be
applicable to our business, many of which may be unfamiliar to us;
more complexity in our regulatory and accounting compliance;
differing or changing obligations regarding taxes, duties or other
fees; limited intellectual property protection in some
jurisdictions; risks associated with currency exchange and
convertibility, including vulnerability to appreciation and
depreciation of foreign currencies; uncertainty related to
developing legal and regulatory systems and standards for economic
and business activities in some jurisdictions; trade restrictions
or barriers, including tariffs or other charges and import-export
regulations, changes in applicable laws or policies; the impact of
and response to natural disasters; and the potential for war, civil
or political unrest and economic and financial instability. The
occurrence of any of these risks could limit our ability to pursue
international expansion, increase our costs or expose us to fines
or other legal sanctions, any of which could negatively impact our
business, reputation and financial condition.
Our business could be adversely affected by the novel coronavirus
(COVID-19) outbreak.
Emerging
infectious diseases or the threat of outbreaks of viruses or other
contagions or epidemic diseases could have a material adverse
effect on the Company. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic
present complex challenges and uncertainties to organizations
across the world. Businesses face unprecedented times and with the
situation being dynamic, the ultimate duration and magnitude of
COVID-19’s impact on the economy and our business are not
known at this time. Travel bans, self-quarantines and social
distancing have caused material disruptions to businesses globally,
resulting in economic slowdown, with global equity markets
experiencing volatility and weakness. The limitations on travel and
interruption in global shipping could affect the transport of
supplies and raw materials. Any disruption of our suppliers would
likely impact our ability to conduct R&D and commercial
operations, and ultimately materially adversely affect our
operating results.
The
extent to which COVID-19 impacts our results will depend on future
developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted,
including the duration of the outbreak, new information which may
emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to
contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. It is not
possible to reliably estimate length and severity of the
developments and impact on the future financial condition of the
company. The challenges and uncertainties could impair the
Company’s ability to raise capital, postpone research
activities, impact our ability to maintain operations and launch
new products; it could also impair the value of our shares, our
long-lived assets, and materially adversely impact our ability to
generate potential future revenue.
Risks related to our common shares
Trading on the OTC Markets is volatile and sporadic, which could
depress the market price of the Company’s Common Shares and
make it difficult for the Company’s shareholders to resell
their shares.
The
Company’s common shares are quoted on the OTCQB tier of the
OTC Markets. Trading in stock quoted on the OTC Markets is often
thin and characterized by wide fluctuations in trading prices, due
to many factors, some of which may have little to do with the
Company’s operations or business prospects. This volatility
could depress the market price of the Company’s common shares
for reasons unrelated to operating performance. Moreover, the OTC
Markets is not a stock exchange, and trading of securities on the
OTC Markets is often more sporadic than the trading of securities
listed on a quotation system like Nasdaq or a stock exchange like
the New York Stock Exchange. These factors may result in investors
having difficulty reselling any shares of the Company’s
common shares.
We may on occasion be unable to timely
file certain periodic reports and other documents with
the regulatory bodies in Canada and the United States.
We may
not be able to timely file with the regulatory bodies in Canada and
the United States our year-end and quarterly financial statements
and management discussion and analysis, or our Annual Information
Form and annual report on Form 20-F by the requisite due dates. If
we are not able to file any required reports and other documents in
the future in the times specified by the U.S. Exchange Act, we
will continue to lose our eligibility to use Form F-3 for future
capital raises, and that could impair our ability to conduct public
offerings of our stock. Our inability to timely file required
reports in the future could materially and adversely affect our
financial condition and results of operations.
Our share price has been highly volatile and our shares could
suffer a further decline in value.
The
trading price of our common shares has been highly volatile and
could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in price in
response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control,
including:
●
sales of our common
shares, including any sales made in connection with future
financings;
●
announcements
regarding new or existing corporate relationships or
arrangements;
●
announcements by us
of significant acquisitions, joint ventures, or capital
commitments;
●
actual or
anticipated period-to-period fluctuations in financial
results;
●
clinical and
regulatory development regarding our product
candidates;
●
litigation or
threat of litigation;
●
failure to achieve,
or changes in, financial estimates by securities
analysts;
●
comments or
opinions by securities analysts or members of the medical
community;
●
announcements
regarding new or existing products or services or technological
innovations by us or our competitors;
●
conditions or
trends in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries;
●
additions or
departures of key personnel or directors;
●
economic and other
external factors or disasters or crises;
●
limited daily
trading volume; and
●
developments
regarding our patents or other intellectual property or that of our
competitors.
In
addition, the stock market in general and the market for drug
development companies in particular have experienced significant
price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or
disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies.
Further, there has been significant volatility in the market prices
of securities of life science companies. In the past, following
periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s
securities, securities class action litigation has often been
instituted. Litigation of this type has been instituted against us
could result in substantial costs, potential liabilities, and the
diversion of management’s attention and
resources.
Sales of a significant number of our Common Shares in the public
markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could
depress the market price of the Common Shares.
Sales
of a substantial number of our common shares or securities
convertible or exchangeable into common shares in the public
markets could depress the market price of the common shares and
impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional
equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales
of common shares would have on the market price of our common
shares.
As of
March 31, 2021, we had approximately 23,678,105 common shares
outstanding. In order to raise additional capital, we intend to
offer additional common shares or other securities convertible into
or exchangeable for our common shares. In addition, a substantial
portion of our common shares are currently freely trading without
restriction under the U.S. Securities Act, having been registered
for resale or held by their holders for over six months and are
eligible for sale under Rule 144.
If the
holders of our registered common shares choose to sell such shares
in the public market or if holders of our convertible securities
exercise or convert their securities and sell the underlying common
shares in the public market, or if holders of currently restricted
common shares choose to sell such shares in the public market, the
prevailing market price of our common shares may decline. The sale
of shares issued upon the exercise of our securities convertible
into or exchangeable for our common shares could also further
dilute the holdings of our then-existing shareholders. In addition,
future public sales by holders of our common shares could impair
our ability to raise capital through equity offerings.
On
October 22, 2009, Intellipharmaceutics Ltd.
(“IPC
Ltd“) and
Vasogen Inc.
(“Vasogen”) completed a plan of
arrangement and merger (the “IPC Arrangement Agreement”),
resulting in the formation of the Company. Our shareholders who
received shares under the IPC Arrangement Agreement who were not
deemed “affiliates” of either Vasogen, IPC Ltd. or us
prior to the IPC Arrangement Agreement were able to resell the
common shares that they received without restriction under the U.S.
Securities Act. The common shares received by an
“affiliate” after the IPC Arrangement Agreement or who
were “affiliates” of either Vasogen, IPC Ltd. or us
prior to the IPC Arrangement Agreement are subject to certain
restrictions on resale under Rule 144.
As of
March 31, 2021, there are currently common shares issuable upon the
exercise of outstanding options and warrants and the conversion of
the outstanding Debentures for an aggregate of approximately
26,884,914 common shares. To the extent any of our options and
warrants are exercised and the Debentures are converted, a
shareholder’s percentage ownership will be diluted and our
stock price could be further adversely affected. Moreover, as the
underlying shares are sold, the market price could drop
significantly if the holders of these restricted shares sell them
or if the market perceives that the holders intend to sell these
shares.
We have no history or foreseeable prospect of paying cash
dividends.
We have
not paid any cash dividends on our common shares and do not intend
to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to
retain future earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development
and expansion of our business. Dividend payments in the future may
also be limited by loan agreements or covenants contained in other
securities we may issue. Any future determination to pay cash
dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and depend on our
financial condition, results of operations, capital and legal
requirements and such other factors as our Board deems
relevant.
There may not be an active, liquid market for our Common
Shares.
There
is no guarantee that an active trading market for our common shares
will be maintained on OTCQB or TSX. Investors may not be able to
sell their shares quickly or at the latest market price if trading
in our common shares is not active.
There
may be future sales or other dilution of our equity, which may
adversely affect the market price of our common
shares.
The
Company may, from time to time, issue additional common shares,
including any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable
for, or that represent the right to receive, common shares. The
market price of our common shares could decline as a result of
sales of common shares or securities that are convertible into or
exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common
shares or the perception that such sales could occur.
Future sales of our Common Shares may cause the prevailing market
price of our Common Shares to decrease.
We have
registered a substantial number of outstanding common shares and
common shares that are issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
warrants. If the holders of our registered common shares choose to
sell such shares in the public market or if holders of our warrants
exercise their purchase rights and sell the underlying common
shares in the public market, or if holders of currently restricted
common shares choose to sell such shares in the public market, the
prevailing market price for our common shares may decline. The sale
of shares issued upon the exercise of our warrants (and options)
could also further dilute the holdings of our then existing
shareholders. In addition, future public sales by holders of our
common shares could impair our ability to raise capital through
equity offerings.
We may in the future issue preference shares which could adversely
affect the rights of holders of our common shares and the value of
such shares.
Our
Board has the ability to authorize the issue of an unlimited number
of preference shares in series, and to determine the price, rights,
preferences and privileges of those shares without any further vote
or action by the holders of our common shares. Although we have no
preference shares issued and outstanding, preference shares issued
in the future could adversely affect the rights and interests of
holders of our common shares.
Our Common Shares may not continue to be listed on the
TSX.
Failure
to maintain the applicable continued listing requirements of the
TSX could result in our common shares being delisted from the TSX.
The TSX will normally consider the delisting of securities if, in
the opinion of the exchange, it appears that the public
distribution, price, or trading activity of the securities has been
so reduced as to make further dealings in the securities on TSX
unwarranted. For example, participating securities may be delisted
from the TSX if, among other things, the market value of an
issuer’s securities that are listed on the TSX is less than
C$3,000,000 over any period of 30 consecutive trading days. In such
circumstances, the TSX may notify an issuer that it is under
delisting review and the issuer will normally be given up to 120
days from the date of such notification to correct the fall in
market value and such other deficiencies noted by the TSX. At any
time prior to the end of the delisting review period, the TSX will
provide the issuer with an opportunity to be heard where the issuer
may present submissions to satisfy the TSX that all deficiencies
identified in the TSX’s notice have been rectified. If at the
conclusion of the hearing the issuer cannot satisfy the TSX that
the deficiencies identified have been rectified and that no other
delisting criteria are then applicable to the issuer, the TSX will
determine whether to delist the issuer’s
securities.
If the
market price of our common shares declines further or we are unable
to maintain other listing requirements, the TSX may determine to
delist our common shares. If our common shares are no longer listed
on the TSX, they may be eligible for listing on the TSX Venture
Exchange. In the event that we are not able to maintain a listing
for our common shares on the TSX or the TSX Venture Exchange, it
may be extremely difficult or impossible for shareholders to sell
their common shares in Canada. Moreover, if we are delisted from
the TSX, but obtain a substitute listing for our common shares on
the TSX Venture Exchange, our common shares will likely have less
liquidity and more price volatility than experienced on the
TSX.
Shareholders may
not be able to sell their common shares on any such substitute
exchange in the quantities, at the times, or at the prices that
could potentially be available on a more liquid trading market. As
a result of these factors, if our common shares are delisted from
the TSX, the price of our common shares is likely to
decline.
Our
common shares are currently a “penny stock” under SEC
rules. It may be more difficult to resell shares of common shares
classified as “penny stock.” Our common shares are
a “penny stock” under applicable SEC rules.
Transactions in securities that are traded in the United States by
companies with net tangible assets of $5,000,000 or less and a
market price per share of less than $5.00 that are not traded on
Nasdaq or on other securities exchanges may be subject to the
“penny stock” rules promulgated under the U.S. Exchange
Act. Under these rules, broker-dealers who recommend such
securities to persons other than institutional investors
must:
●
make a
special written suitability determination for the
purchaser;
●
receive the
purchaser’s written agreement to a transaction prior to
sale;
●
provide the
purchaser with risk disclosure documents which identify risks
associated with investing in “penny stocks” and which
describe the market for these “penny stocks” as well as
a purchaser’s legal remedies; and
●
obtain a signed and
dated acknowledgment from the purchaser demonstrating that the
purchaser has actually received the required risk disclosure
document before a transaction in a “penny stock” can be
completed.
As a
result of these requirements, since our common shares are subject
to the “penny stock” rules, broker-dealers may find it
difficult to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity
in these shares in the United States may be significantly limited.
Accordingly, the market price of the shares may be depressed, and
investors may find it more difficult to sell the
shares.
As long as our stock price remains below $5.00 per share, our
shareholders will face restrictions in using our shares as
collateral for margin accounts.
The
closing price of our common shares on the OTCQB on March 30, 2021
was $0.20 per share. If the market price of our common shares
remains below $5.00 per share, under Federal Reserve regulations
and account maintenance rules of many brokerages, our shareholders
will face restrictions in using such shares as collateral for
borrowing in margin accounts. These restrictions on the use of our
common shares as collateral may lead to sales of such shares
creating downward pressure on and increased volatility in, the
market price of our common shares. In addition, many institutional
investors will not invest in stocks whose prices are below $5.00
per share.
Our shareholders may face significant restrictions on the resale of
our Common Shares due to state “Blue Sky”
laws.
Each
state has its own securities laws, often called “blue
sky” laws, which (i) limit sales of securities to a
state’s residents unless the securities are registered in
that state or qualify for an exemption from registration, and (ii)
govern the reporting requirements for broker-dealers doing business
directly or indirectly in the state. Before a security is sold in a
state, there must be a registration in place to cover the
transaction, or the transaction must be exempt from registration.
The applicable broker must be registered in that
state.
Absent
compliance with such individual state laws, our common shares may
not be traded in such jurisdictions. Because the securities have
not been registered for resale under the Blue Sky laws of any
state, the holders of such shares and persons who desire to
purchase them in any trading market that might develop in the
future, should be aware that there may be significant state Blue
Sky law restrictions upon the ability of investors to sell the
securities and of purchasers to purchase the securities.
Accordingly, investors may not be able to liquidate their
investments and should be prepared to hold common shares for an
indefinite period of time. You should therefore consider the resale
market for our common shares to be limited, as you may be unable to
resell your shares without the significant expense of state
registration or qualification.
As a foreign private issuer in the United States, we are subject to
different U.S. securities laws and rules than a domestic U.S.
issuer.
As a
foreign private issuer under U.S. securities laws we are not
required to comply with all the periodic disclosure requirements of
the U.S. Exchange Act applicable to domestic United States
companies and therefore the publicly available information about us
may be different or more limited than if we were a United States
domestic issuer. In addition, our officers, directors, and
principal shareholders are exempt from the “real time”
reporting and “short swing” profit recovery provisions
of Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act and the rules thereunder.
Although under Canadian rules, our officers, directors and
principal shareholders are generally required to file on SEDI
(www.sedi.ca) reports of transactions involving our common shares
within five calendar days of such transaction, our shareholders may
not know when our officers, directors and principal shareholders
purchase or sell our common shares as timely as they would if we
were a United States domestic issuer.
We are exposed to risks if we are unable to comply with laws and
future changes to laws affecting public companies, including the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”), and also to
increased costs associated with complying with such
laws.
Any
future changes to the laws and regulations affecting public
companies, as well as compliance with existing provisions of SOX in
the United States and applicable Canadian securities laws,
regulations, rules and policies, may cause us to incur increased
costs to comply with such laws and requirements, including, among
others, hiring additional personnel and increased legal, accounting
and advisory fees. Delays, or a failure to comply with applicable
laws, rules and regulations could result in enforcement actions,
the assessment of other penalties and civil suits. The new laws and
regulations may increase potential costs to be borne under
indemnities provided by us to our officers and directors and may
make it more difficult to obtain certain types of insurance,
including liability insurance for directors and officers; as such,
we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or
incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar
coverage. The impact of these events could also make it more
difficult to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our
Board, or as executive officers.
We are
required annually to review and report on the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting in accordance with SOX
Section 404 and Multilateral Instrument 52-109 –
Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim
Filings of the Canadian Securities Administrators. The results of
this review are reported in our Annual Report on Form 20-F and in
our Management Discussion and Analysis.
Management’s
review is designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance
that all material weaknesses in our internal controls are
identified. Material weaknesses represent deficiencies in our
internal controls that may not prevent or detect a misstatement
occurring which could have a material adverse effect on our
quarterly or annual financial statements. In addition, there can be
no assurance that any remedial actions we take to address any
material weaknesses identified will be successful, nor can there be
any assurance that further material weaknesses will not be
identified in future years. Material errors, omissions or
misrepresentations in our disclosures that occur as a result of our
failure to maintain effective internal control over financial
reporting could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, results of operations, and the value of our
common shares.
We may be classified as a “passive foreign investment
company” (“PFIC”), for U.S. income tax purposes,
which could have significant and adverse tax consequences to U.S.
investors.
The
possible classification of our Company as a passive foreign
investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes
could have significant and adverse tax consequences for U.S.
Holders (as defined below) with respect to the sale or other
disposition of our common shares acquired through the exercise of
certain warrants. It may be possible for U.S. Holders of common
shares to mitigate certain of these consequences by making an
election (a so-called “QEF Election”) to treat us as a
“qualified electing fund” or “QEF” under
Section 1295 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”); or a mark-to-market
election under Section 1296 of the Code. A non-U.S. corporation
generally will be a PFIC if, for a taxable year (a) 75% or more of
the gross income of such corporation for such taxable year consists
of specified types of passive income or (b) on average, 50% or more
of the assets held by such corporation either produce passive
income or are held for the production of passive income, based on
the fair market value of such assets (or on the adjusted tax basis
of such assets, if such non-U.S. corporation is not publicly traded
and either is a “controlled foreign corporation” under
Section 957(a) of the Code, or makes an election to determine
whether it is a PFIC based on the adjusted basis of the
assets).
The
determination of whether we are, or will be, a PFIC for a taxable
year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal
income tax rules, which are subject to various interpretations. We
believe that there is a substantial basis for concluding that we
were not a PFIC during our 2020 taxable year and will not likely be
a PFIC during our 2021 taxable year, although that conclusion is
not free from doubt. Because PFIC status is based on our income,
assets and activities for the entire taxable year, and our market
capitalization, it is not possible to determine whether we will be
characterized as a PFIC for the 2021 taxable year until after the
close of the taxable year. The tests for determining PFIC status
are subject to a number of uncertainties. These tests are applied
annually, and it is difficult to accurately predict future income,
assets and activities relevant to this determination. In addition,
because the market price of our common shares is likely to
fluctuate, the market price may affect the determination of whether
we will be considered a PFIC. There can be no assurance that we
will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year (including our
2021 taxable year). Absent one of the elections described above, if
we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds
our common shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a
PFIC regardless of whether we cease to meet the PFIC tests in one
or more subsequent years. Accordingly, no assurance can be given
that we will not constitute a PFIC in the current (or any future)
tax year or that the Internal Revenue Service (the
“IRS”) will not challenge any determination made by us
concerning our PFIC status.
If we
are a PFIC, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S.
Holder of the ownership and disposition of our common shares will
depend to some extent on whether such U.S. Holder makes a QEF or
mark-to-market election after acquisition of such shares (including
an acquisition through the exercise of warrants). Unless otherwise
provided by the IRS, a U.S. holder of our common shares is
generally required to file an informational return annually to
report its ownership interest in the Company during any year in
which we are a PFIC.
The
foregoing only speaks to the United States federal income tax
considerations as to the Code in effect on the date of this annual
report.
The foregoing does not purport to be a complete enumeration or
explanation of the tax risks involved in an investment in our
company. Prospective investors should read this entire annual
report and consult with their own legal, tax and financial advisors
before deciding to invest in our company.
It may be difficult to obtain and enforce judgments against us
because of our Canadian residency.
We are
governed by the laws of Canada. All of our directors and officers
are residents of Canada and all or a substantial portion of our
assets and the assets of such persons may be located outside of the
United States. As a result, it may be difficult for shareholders to
effect service of process upon us or such persons within the United
States or to realize in the United States on judgments of courts of
the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of
the U.S. federal securities laws or other laws of the United
States. In addition, there is doubt as to the enforceability in
Canada of liabilities predicated solely upon U.S. federal
securities law against us, our directors, controlling persons and
officers who are not residents of the United States, in original
actions or in actions for enforcements of judgments of U.S.
courts.
Other Risks
There are other unidentified risks.
The
risks set forth above are not a complete list of the risks facing
purchasers of our securities. We acknowledge that there
may exist significant risks yet to be recognized or encountered to
which we may not be able to effectively respond. There
can be no assurance that we will succeed in addressing these risks
or future potential risks, and any failure to do so could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
Information
on the Company
History
and Development of the Company
The
Company, Intellipharmaceutics International Inc., was incorporated
under the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”) by certificate and articles
of arrangement dated October 22, 2009.
Our
registered principal office is located at 30 Worcester Road,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 5X2. Our telephone number is (416)
798-3001 and our facsimile number is (416) 798-3007.
Our
agent for service in the United States is Corporation Service
Company at 1090 Vermont Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C.
20005.
On
October 19, 2009, the shareholders of IPC Ltd. and Vasogen approved
the IPC Arrangement Agreement that resulted in the October 22, 2009
court-approved merger of IPC Ltd. and another U.S. subsidiary of
Intellipharmaceutics Inc., coincident with an arrangement pursuant
to which a predecessor of the Company combined with 7231971 Canada
Inc., a new Vasogen company that acquired substantially all of the
assets and certain liabilities of Vasogen, including the proceeds
from its non-dilutive financing transaction with Cervus LP (the
“IPC Arrangement
Transaction”). The completion of the IPC Arrangement
Transaction on October 22, 2009 resulted in the formation of the
Company, which is incorporated under the laws of Canada and
governed by the CBCA. The common shares of the Company are
currently traded on the TSX and OTCQB.
For the
years ended November 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we spent a total of
$3,517,018, $6,608,794, and $10,827,293, respectively, on research
and development. Over the past three fiscal years and up to March
31, 2021, we have raised approximately 20,394,906 in gross proceeds
from the issuance of equity and convertible debt securities. Our
common shares are currently listed on the TSX and on OTCQB under
the symbol “IPCI” and “IPCIF”
respectively.
During
the last and current financial year, we have not been aware of any
indications of public takeover offers by third parties in respect
of the Company’s shares or by the Company in respect of other
companies’ shares.
For
additional information on key events, see Item 4.B
below.
For
information on the availability of, and access to, information
regarding the Company filed with the SEC or presented on the
Company’s website, see Item 10.H. below.
Corporate Developments
●
On July 2, 2020 the
Company announced that the parties in the cases, numbers
17-cv-392-RGA, 18-cv-404-RGA and 20-cv-515-RGA (the
“Purdue
Litigations”) between Purdue Pharma L.P. et al
(“Purdue’) and
Intellipharmaceutics entered into a stipulated dismissal of the
Purdue Litigations. The stipulated dismissal, which was subject to
approval by the bankruptcy court presiding over Purdue’s
chapter 11 cases, provides for the termination of patent
infringement proceedings commenced by Purdue against the Company in
the United States District Court for the District of Delaware in
respect of the Company’s NDA filing for Aximris
XRTM with
the FDA. The stipulated dismissal also provides that (i) for a
thirty (30) day period following a final approval of the
Company’s Aximris XRTM NDA the parties
will attempt to resolve any potential asserted patent infringement
claims relating to the NDA and (ii) if the parties fail to resolve
all such claims during such period Purdue Pharma will have fifteen
(15) days to pursue an infringement action against the Company. The
terms of the stipulated dismissal agreement are confidential. On
July 28, 2020 the United States District Court for the District of
Delaware signed the stipulations of dismissal into order thereby
dismissing the claims in the three cases without prejudice. In
consideration of the confidential stipulated dismissal agreement
and for future saved litigation expenses, Purdue paid an amount of
money to the Company.
●
On
February 5, 2020, we announced the resignation of Greg Powell, our
former Chief Financial Officer, for personal and family reasons.
Pending the hiring of a replacement for Mr. Powell, the functions
of Chief Financial Officer are being carried out by our President
and former Chief Financial Officer, Dr. Amina Odidi. Fazayill
Shaideen, who has been our Controller for the past 8 years, will
continue to handle accounting activities.
●
On January 15,
2020, at a joint meeting of the Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug
Products Advisory Committee and Drug Safety and Risk Management
Advisory Committee (“Advisory
Committees”) of the FDA to discuss our NDA for Aximris
XR™, abuse-deterrent oxycodone hydrochloride extended-release
tablets, the Advisory Committees voted 24 to 2 against the approval
of our NDA for Aximris XR™ for the management of pain severe
enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid
treatment and for which alternative treatment options are
inadequate. We expect the FDA to take action on our application, on
completion of their review of the NDA.
There can be no assurance that we will not be
required to conduct further studies for our Oxycodone ER product
candidate, that the FDA will approve any of our requested
abuse-deterrence label claims or that the FDA will ultimately
approve the NDA for the sale of our Oxycodone ER product candidate
in the U.S. or that the product will ever be successfully
commercialized and produce significant revenue for us. If the
Aximris XRTM
NDA is approved, there can be no
assurance that the Company and Purdue will resolve any potential
asserted patent infringement claims relating to the NDA within a
thirty (30) day period following the final approval as provided in
the stipulated settlement agreement of the Purdue Litigations.
There can be no assurance that the Purdue parties will not pursue
an infringement claim against the Company
again.
Nasdaq Delisting and OTCQB Quotation
In
March 2019, we received formal notice that a Nasdaq Panel had
determined to delist our shares from Nasdaq based upon our
non-compliance with the $1.00 bid price requirement, as set forth
in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The suspension of trading on
Nasdaq took effect at the open of business on March 21, 2019. Our
shares began trading on the OTCQB under the symbol
“IPCIF”, commencing on March 21, 2019. Our shares also
are listed on the TSX under the symbol “IPCI” and our
non-compliance with Nasdaq's requirements did not impact our
listing or trading status on that exchange.
Our Company
On
October 22, 2009, Intellipharmaceutics Ltd. and Vasogen Inc.
completed the IPC Arrangement Transaction, a court-approved plan of
arrangement and merger resulting in the formation of the Company,
which is incorporated under the laws of Canada and the common
shares of which are currently traded on the TSX and
OTCQB.
We are
a pharmaceutical company specializing in the research, development
and manufacture of novel and generic controlled-release and
targeted-release oral solid dosage drugs. Our patented
Hypermatrix™ technology is a multidimensional
controlled-release drug delivery platform that can be applied to
the efficient development of a wide range of existing and new
pharmaceuticals. Based on this technology platform, we have
developed several drug delivery systems and a pipeline of products
(some of which have received FDA approval) and product candidates
in various stages of development, including ANDAs filed with the
FDA (and one ANDS filed with Health Canada) and one NDA filing, in
therapeutic areas that include neurology, cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal tract (“GIT”), diabetes and
pain.
In
November 2005, we entered into a license and commercialization
agreement with Par (as amended on August 12, 2011 and September 24,
2013, the “Par
agreement”), pursuant to which we granted Par an
exclusive, royalty-free license to make and distribute in the U.S.
all strengths of our generic Focalin XR® (dexmethylphenidate
hydrochloride extended-release) capsules for a period of 10 years
from the date of commercial launch (which was November 19, 2013).
Under the Par agreement, we made a filing with the FDA for approval
to market generic Focalin XR® capsules in various strengths in
the U.S. (the “Company
ANDA”), and are the owner of that Company ANDA, as
approved in part by the FDA. We retain the right to make and
distribute all strengths of the generic product outside of the U.S.
Calendar quarterly profit-sharing payments for its U.S. sales under
the Company ANDA are payable by Par to us as calculated pursuant to
the Par agreement. Within the purview of the Par agreement, Par
also applied for and owns an ANDA pertaining to all marketed
strengths of generic Focalin XR® (the “Par ANDA”), and is now approved by
the FDA, to market generic Focalin XR® capsules in all
marketed strengths in the U.S. As with the Company ANDA, calendar
quarterly profit-sharing payments are payable by Par to us for its
U.S. sales of generic Focalin XR® under the Par ANDA as
calculated pursuant to the Par agreement.
We
received final approval from the FDA in November 2013 under the
Company ANDA to launch the 15 and 30 mg strengths of our generic
Focalin XR® capsules. Commercial sales of these strengths were
launched immediately by our commercialization partner in the U.S.,
Par.
In
January 2017, Par launched the 25 and 35 mg strengths of its
generic Focalin XR® capsules in the U.S., and in May 2017, Par
launched the 10 and 20 mg strengths, complementing the 15 and 30 mg
strengths of our generic Focalin XR® marketed by Par. The FDA
granted final approval under the Par ANDA for its generic Focalin
XR® capsules in the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg
strengths, and subsequently Par launched the remaining 5 and 40 mg
strengths. Under the Par agreement, we receive quarterly profit
share payments on Par’s U.S. sales of generic Focalin
XR®. Revenues from sales of the generic Focalin XR®
capsules continue to be impacted by ongoing competitive pressures
in the generic market. There can be no assurance whether revenues
from this product will improve going forward. We depend
significantly on the actions of our marketing partner Par in the
prosecution, regulatory approval and commercialization of our
generic Focalin XR® capsules and on its timely payment to us
of the contracted calendar quarterly payments as they come
due.
In
October 2016, we announced we had entered into a license and
commercial supply agreement (the “Mallinckrodt agreement”) with
Mallinckrodt LLC (“Mallinckrodt”), granting
Mallinckrodt an exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in
the U.S. three extended release drug products;
●
Quetiapine fumarate
extended-release tablets (generic of Seroquel XR®) – Approved and
launched®
●
Desvenlafaxine
extended-release tablets (generic Pristiq®) – ANDA
Approved
●
Lamotrigine
extended-release tablets (generic Lamictal® XR™) –
ANDA under FDA Review
We
agreed to manufacture and supply these licensed products
exclusively for Mallinckrodt on a cost-plus basis. The Mallinckrodt
agreement contained customary terms and conditions for an agreement
of this kind and was subject to early termination in the event we
did not obtain FDA approvals of the Mallinckrodt licensed products
by specified dates, or pursuant to any one of several termination
rights of each party.
In May
2017, we received final approval from the FDA for our ANDA for
quetiapine fumarate extended-release tablets in the 50, 150, 200,
300 and 400 mg strengths. Our approved product is a generic
equivalent for the corresponding strengths of the branded product
Seroquel XR® sold in the U.S. by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals
LP (“AstraZeneca”). Pursuant to a
settlement agreement between us and AstraZeneca dated July 30,
2012, we were permitted to launch our generic versions of the 50,
150, 200, 300 and 400 mg strengths of generic Seroquel XR®, on
November 1, 2016, subject to FDA final approval of our ANDA for
those strengths. The Company manufactured and shipped commercial
quantities of all strengths of generic Seroquel XR® to
Mallinckrodt, our then marketing and distribution partner, and
Mallinckrodt launched all strengths in June 2017; however, the
arrangement did not generate significant revenue. On April 12,
2019, we and Mallinckrodt mutually agreed to terminate the
Mallinckrodt agreement. Effective August 12, 2019, the Mallinckrodt
agreement was terminated.
On
August 15, 2019, we announced a license and commercial supply
agreement with Tris Pharma, granting Tris Pharma the exclusive
license to market, sell and distribute in the United States
Quetiapine fumarate extended release tablets in the 50, 150, 200,
300 and 400 mg strengths. Several other generic versions of these
licensed products are available in the market.
In May
2019, we received approval from the FDA for our ANDA for
desvenlafaxine extended-release tablets in the 50 and 100 mg
strengths. This product is a generic equivalent of the branded
product Pristiq® sold in the U.S. by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals,
LLC. On September 5, 2019, we announced an agreement with Tris
Pharma, granting Tris Pharma an exclusive license to market, sell
and distribute in the United States, Desvenlafaxine
extended-release tablets in the 50 and 100 mg
strengths.
In
November 2018, we received final approval from the FDA for our ANDA
for venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules in the
37.5, 75 and 150 mg strengths. The approved product is a generic
equivalent of the branded product Effexor XR® sold in the
U.S. by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, LLC. On November 25, 2019, we
announced that we had entered into a license and commercial supply
agreement with Tris Pharma, by which we granted Tris Pharma an
exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in the United
States, Venlafaxine ER in the 37.5, 75, and 150 mg
strengths.
All
three licensing agreements with Tris Pharma have an initial term of
five years and include two-year renewal periods until terminated,
and all provide for a share of net profits to us. The rights
granted include a license to intellectual property necessary to
distribute the licensed products in the US market. We will maintain
all ownership of the licensed products and responsibility to
manufacture the licensed products and supply exclusively to Tris
Pharma on a cost-plus basis. The Tris Pharma agreements contain
customary terms and conditions for agreements of this kind. There
can be no assurance that any of the products licensed to Tris
Pharma will be successfully commercialized and produce significant
revenue for us.
In
February 2017, we received final approval from the FDA for our ANDA
for metformin hydrochloride extended release tablets in the 500 and
750 mg strengths, a generic equivalent for the corresponding
strengths of the branded product Glucophage® XR sold in the
U.S. by Bristol-Myers Squibb. The Company is aware that several
other generic versions of this product are currently available that
serve to limit the overall market opportunity for this product. We
continue to evaluate possible options to realize commercial returns
on this product. In November 2018, we announced that we entered
into two exclusive licensing and distribution agreements with
pharmaceutical distributors in Vietnam and the Philippines pursuant
to which the distributors were granted the exclusive right, subject
to regulatory approval, to import and market our generic
Glucophage® XR in Vietnam and the Philippines, respectively.
There can be no assurance as to when and if the product will
receive regulatory approval for the sale in Vietnam or the
Philippines. Moreover, there can be no assurance that our metformin
hydrochloride extended release tablets in the 500 and 750 mg
strengths will be successfully commercialized and produce
significant revenues for us.
In
February 2016, we received final approval from the FDA of our ANDA
for generic Keppra XR® (levetiracetam extended-release)
tablets for the 500 and 750 mg strengths. Our generic Keppra
XR® is a generic equivalent for the corresponding strengths of
the branded product Keppra XR® sold in the U.S. by UCB, Inc.,
and is indicated for use in the treatment of partial onset seizures
associated with epilepsy. We are aware that several other generic
versions of this product are currently available that serve to
limit the overall market opportunity. We have been exploring
licensing and other options for this product. In November 2018, we
announced that we entered into two exclusive licensing and
distribution agreements with pharmaceutical distributors in Vietnam
and the Philippines pursuant to which the distributors were granted
the exclusive right, subject to regulatory approval, to import and
market our generic Keppra XR® in Vietnam and the Philippines,
respectively. There can be no assurance as to when and if such
product will receive regulatory approval for the sale in Vietnam or
the Philippines. Moreover, there can be no assurance that our
generic Keppra XR® for the 500 and 750 mg strengths will be
successfully commercialized and produce significant revenues for
us.
On
September 30, 2019, pursuant to an ANDA sale agreement (the
“Levetiracetam ANDA
Agreement”), we sold all of the assets relating to our
ANDA for Levetiracetam extended-release 500mg and 750 mg tablets
(collectively, the “Transferred Levetiracetam ANDA”)
to ANDA Repository, LLC (the “Levetiracetam ANDA Purchaser”) in
exchange for a purchase price of $1. Additionally, pursuant to the
Levetiracetam ANDA Agreement, we agreed to pay the Levetiracetam
ANDA Purchaser an annual fee for each fiscal year equal to 50% of
the difference between the FDA Program Fee for 6 to 19 approved
ANDAs and the FDA Program Fee for 1 to 5 approved ANDAs. Under the
Levetiracetam ANDA Agreement, we have the option to repurchase the
Transferred Levetiracetam ANDA for a purchase price of $1 at any
time provided that any outstanding fees are paid to ANDA
Repository.
Our
goal is to leverage our proprietary technologies and know-how in
order to build a diversified portfolio of revenue generating
commercial products. We intend to do this by advancing our products
from the formulation stage through product development, regulatory
approval and manufacturing. We believe that full integration of
development and manufacturing will help maximize the value of our
drug delivery technologies, products and product candidates. We
also believe that out-licensing sales and marketing to established
organizations, when it makes economic sense, will improve our
return from our products while allowing us to focus on our core
competencies. We expect our expenditures for the purchase of
production, laboratory and computer equipment and the expansion of
manufacturing and warehousing capability to be higher when we have
to accommodate. the commercialization of more ANDAs, one NDA and
one ANDS that are pending FDA and Health Canada approval
respectively, if and when these events occur. We have reduced the
levels of development activities and staffing levels from late 2019
due to the financial condition of the Company, and later the
effects of COVID-19 as well.
There
can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will receive
regulatory approval from FDA, Health Canada or the regulatory
authorities of any other country in which our products are proposed
to be sold, or that any of our products will ever be successfully
commercialized and produce significant revenues for
us.
Emerging infectious diseases or the threat of outbreaks of viruses
or other contagions or epidemic diseases could have a material
adverse effect on the Company. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and
pandemic present complex challenges and uncertainties to
organizations across the world. Businesses face unprecedented times
and with the situation being dynamic, the ultimate duration and
magnitude of COVID-19’s impact on the economy and our
business are not known at this time. Travel bans, self-quarantines
and social distancing have caused material disruptions to
businesses globally, resulting in economic slowdown, with global
equity markets experiencing volatility and weakness. We have
adjusted our R&D and business development/marketing activities
according to the pandemic effects as we continue to work to try to
ensure operations continue while we remain committed to keeping our
employees safe. We have also made arrangements for our employees to
work under a government workshare program for eligible current
employees whereby the Company is paying personnel only for a
certain number of days a week and the government of Canada provides
income support in the form of employment insurance. From late 2019
the Company has had to reduce development activities and staffing
levels significantly due to ongoing financial problems which have
continued, coupled with the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is
not possible to reliably estimate the length and severity of the
developments and impact on the future financial results and
condition of the Company. The
challenges and uncertainties could impair the Company’s
ability to raise capital, postpone research activities, impact our ability
to maintain operations and launch new products;it could
also impair the value of our shares, our long-lived
assets, and materially adversely impact our ability to generate
potential future revenue.
Our Strategy
Our
Hypermatrix™ technologies are central to the development and
manufacture of novel and generic controlled-release and
targeted-release oral solid dosage drugs. The Hypermatrix™
technologies are a multidimensional controlled-release drug
delivery platform that we believe can be applied to the efficient
development of a wide range of existing and new pharmaceuticals. We
believe that the flexibility of these technologies allows us to
develop complex drug delivery solutions within an
industry-competitive timeframe. Based on this technology platform,
we have developed several drug delivery systems and a pipeline of
products (some of which have received FDA approval) and product
candidates in various stages of development, including ANDAs filed
with the FDA (and one ANDS filed with Health Canada) and one NDA
filing, in therapeutic areas that include neurology,
cardiovascular, GIT, diabetes and pain. We expect that certain, but
not all, of the products in our pipeline may be developed from time
to time for third parties pursuant to drug development agreements
with those third parties, under which our commercialization partner
may pay certain of the expenses of development, make certain
milestone payments to us and receive a share of revenues or profits
if the drug is developed successfully to completion, the control of
which would generally be in the discretion of our drug development
partner.
The principal focus of our
development activities previously targeted difficult-to-develop
controlled-release generic drugs which follow an ANDA regulatory
path. Later, our development effort became increasingly directed
towards improved difficult-to-develop controlled-release drugs
which follow an NDA 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway. We increased
emphasis towards specialty new product development, facilitated by
the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, by advancing the product
development program for both Oxycodone ER and RegabatinTM. We work on these
and other product candidates as resources permit. Currently, we are
not working on these product candidates. In January 2019, we
announced that we had commenced an R&D program of cannabidiol
(“CBD”) -based
products. As part of this R&D program, we filed provisional
patent applications with the United States Patent and Trademark
Office pertaining to the delivery and application of
cannabinoid-based therapeutics. We are still exploring
collaboration with potential commercialization partners in the
cannabidiol industry, and had identified a potential supplier of
CBD. There can be no assurance that any of our provisional patent
applications will successfully mature into patents. The Company
holds a Health Canada Cannabis Drug License (“CDL”). Under the CDL, we are
authorized to possess, produce, sell and deliver drug products
containing CBD in Canada.We had also previously identified several
additional 505(b)(2) product candidates for development in various
indication areas including cardiovascular, dermatology, pulmonary
disease and oncology. We are still exploring the potential
development of such product candidates when resources
permit. The technology that
is central to our abuse deterrent formulation of our Oxycodone ER
is the nPODDDS™, or novel Point of Divergence Drug Delivery
System. nPODDDS™ is designed to provide for certain unique
drug delivery features in a product. These include the release of
the active substance to show a divergence in a dissolution and/or
bioavailability profile. The divergence represents a point or a
segment in a release timeline where the release rate, represented
by the slope of the curve, changes from an initial rate or set of
rates to another rate or set of rates, the former representing the
usually higher rate of release shortly after ingesting a dose of
the drug, and the latter representing the rate of release over a
later and longer period of time, being more in the nature of a
controlled-release or sustained action. It is applicable for the
delivery of opioid analgesics in which it is desired to discourage
common methods of tampering associated with misuse and abuse of a
drug, and also dose dumping in the presence of alcohol. It can
potentially retard tampering without interfering with the
bioavailability of the product.
In
addition, our PODRAS™, or Paradoxical OverDose Resistance
Activating System, delivery technology was initially introduced to
enhance our Oxycodone ER (abuse deterrent oxycodone hydrochloride
extended release tablets) product candidate. The PODRAS™
delivery technology platform was designed to prevent an overdose
when more pills than prescribed are swallowed intact. Preclinical
studies of prototypes of oxycodone with PODRAS™ technology
suggest that, unlike other third-party abuse-deterrent oxycodone
products in the marketplace, if more tablets than prescribed are
deliberately or inadvertently swallowed, the amount of drug active
ingredient (“drug active”) released over 24 hours may
be substantially less than expected. However, if the prescribed
number of pills is swallowed, the drug release should be as
expected. Certain aspects of our PODRAS™ technology are
covered by U.S. Patent Nos. 9,522,119, 9,700,515, 9,700,516 and
9,801,939 and Canadian Patent No. 2,910,865 issued by the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office and the Canadian Intellectual Property
Office in respect of “Compositions and Methods for Reducing
Overdose” in December 2016, July 2017 and October 2017,
respectively. The issuance of these patents provides us with the
opportunity to accelerate our PODRAS™ development plan by
pursuing proof of concept studies in humans. We intend to
incorporate this technology in future product candidates, including
Oxycodone ER and other similar pain products, as well as pursuing
out-licensing opportunities. The development of an Oxycodone
immediate-release (IR) product incorporating this technology as
resources permit is in the Company’s development
pipeline.
The NDA
505(b)(2) pathway (which relies in part upon the FDA’s
findings for a previously approved drug) both accelerates
development timelines and reduces costs in comparison to NDAs for
new chemical entities. An advantage of our strategy for development
of NDA 505(b)(2) drugs is that our product candidates can, if
approved for sale by the FDA, potentially enjoy an exclusivity
period which may provide for greater commercial opportunity
relative to the generic ANDA route.
The
market we operate in is created by the expiration of drug product
patents, challengeable patents and drug product exclusivity
periods. There are three ways that we employ our controlled-release
technologies, which we believe represent substantial opportunities
for us to commercialize on our own or develop products or
out-license our technologies and products:
●
For branded
immediate-release (multiple-times-per-day) drugs, we can formulate
improved replacement products, typically by developing new,
potentially patentable, controlled-release once-a-day drugs. Among
other out-licensing opportunities, these drugs can be licensed to
and sold by the pharmaceutical company that made the original
immediate-release product. These can potentially protect against
revenue erosion in the brand by providing a clinically attractive
patented product that competes favorably with the generic
immediate-release competition that arises on expiry of the original
patent(s). The regulatory pathway for this approach requires NDAs
via a 505(b)(2) application for the U.S. or corresponding pathways
for other jurisdictions where applicable.
●
Some of our
technologies are also focused on the development of abuse-deterrent
and overdose preventive pain medications. The growing abuse and
diversion of prescription “painkillers”, specifically
opioid analgesics, is well documented and is a major health and
social concern. We believe that our technologies and know-how are
aptly suited to developing abuse-deterrent pain medications. The
regulatory pathway for this approach requires NDAs via a 505(b)(2)
application for the U.S. or corresponding pathways for other
jurisdictions where applicable.
●
For existing
controlled-release (once-a-day) products whose APIs are covered by
drug molecule patents about to expire or already expired, or whose
formulations are covered by patents about to expire, already
expired or which we believe we do not infringe, we can seek to
formulate generic products which are bioequivalent to the branded
products. Our scientists have demonstrated a successful track
record with such products, having previously developed several drug
products which have been commercialized in the U.S. by their former
employer/clients. The regulatory pathway for this approach requires
ANDAs for the U.S. and ANDSs for Canada.
We
intend to collaborate in the development and/or marketing of one or
more products with partners, when we believe that such
collaboration may enhance the outcome of the project. We also plan
to seek additional collaborations as a means of developing
additional products. We believe that our business strategy enables
us to reduce our risk by (a) having a diverse product portfolio
that includes both branded and generic products in various
therapeutic categories, and (b) building collaborations and
establishing licensing agreements with companies with greater
resources thereby allowing us to share costs of development and to
improve cash-flow. There can be no assurance that we will be able
to enter into additional collaborations or, if we do, that such
arrangements will be commercially viable or
beneficial.
Our Drug Delivery Technologies
HypermatrixTM
Our
scientists have developed drug delivery technology systems, based
on the Hypermatrix™ platform, that facilitate
controlled-release delivery of a wide range of pharmaceuticals.
These systems include several core technologies, which enable us to
flexibly respond to a wide range of drug attributes and patient
requirements, producing a desired controlled-release effect. Our
technologies have been incorporated in drugs manufactured and sold
by major pharmaceutical companies.
This
group of drug delivery technology systems is based upon the drug
active being imbedded in, and an integral part of, a homogeneous
(uniform), core and/or coatings consisting of one or more polymers
which affect the release rates of drugs, other excipients
(compounds other than the drug active), such as for instance
lubricants which control handling properties of the matrix during
fabrication, and the drug active itself. The Hypermatrix™
technologies are the core of our current marketing efforts and the
technologies underlying our existing development
agreements.
nPODDDSTM
In
addition to continuing efforts with Hypermatrix™ as a core
technology, our scientists continue to pursue novel research
activities that address unmet needs. Oxycodone ER (abuse deterrent
oxycodone hydrochloride extended release tablets) is an NDA
candidate, with a unique long acting oral formulation of oxycodone
intended to treat moderate-to-severe pain. The formulation is
intended to present a significant barrier to tampering when
subjected to various forms of physical and chemical manipulation
commonly used by abusers. It is also designed to prevent dose
dumping when inadvertently co-administered with alcohol. The
technology that supports our abuse deterrent formulation of
oxycodone is the nPODDDS™ Point of Divergence Drug Delivery
System. The use of nPODDDS™ does not interfere with the
bioavailability of oxycodone. We intend to apply the nPODDDS™
technology platforms to other extended release opioid drug
candidates (e.g., oxymorphone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone and
morphine) utilizing the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway.
PODRASTM
Our
Paradoxical OverDose Resistance Activating System (PODRAS™)
delivery technology is designed to prevent overdose when more pills
than prescribed are swallowed intact. Preclinical studies of
prototypes of oxycodone with PODRAS™ technology suggest that,
unlike other third-party abuse-deterrent oxycodone products in the
marketplace, if more tablets than prescribed are deliberately or
inadvertently swallowed, the amount of drug active released over 24
hours may be substantially less than expected. However, if the
prescribed number of pills is swallowed, the drug release should be
as expected. We are currently working on an alternate Oxycodone ER
product candidate incorporating our PODRAS™ delivery
technology. In April 2015, the FDA published Guidance for Industry: Abuse-Deterrent
Opioids — Evaluation and Labeling, which cited the
need for more efficacious abuse-deterrence technology. In this
Guidance, the FDA stated, “opioid products are often
manipulated for purposes of abuse by different routes of
administration or to defeat extended-release properties, most
abuse-deterrent technologies developed to date are intended to make
manipulation more difficult or to make abuse of the manipulated
product less attractive or less rewarding. It should be noted that
these technologies have not yet proven successful at deterring the
most common form of abuse—swallowing a number of intact
capsules or tablets to achieve a feeling of euphoria.” The
FDA reviewed our request for Fast Track designation for our abuse
deterrent Oxycodone ER development program incorporating
PODRAS™, and in May 2015 notified us that the FDA had
concluded that we met the criteria for Fast Track designation. Fast
Track is a designation assigned by the FDA in response to an
applicant’s request which meets FDA criteria. The designation
mandates the FDA to facilitate the development and expedite the
review of drugs intended to treat serious or life threatening
conditions and that demonstrate the potential to address unmet
medical needs.
In
December 2016, July 2017 and October 2017, U.S. Patent Nos.
9,522,119, 9,700,515, 9,700,516 and 9,801,939 and Canadian Patent
No. 2,910,865 were issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
and the Canadian Intellectual Property Office in respect of
“Compositions and Methods for Reducing Overdose”. The
issued patents cover aspects of the PODRAS™ delivery
technology. The issuance of these patents represents a significant
advance in our abuse deterrence technology platform. The
PODRAS™ platform has the potential to positively
differentiate our technology from others of which we are aware, and
may represent an important step toward addressing the FDA’s
concern over the ingestion of a number of intact pills or tablets.
In addition to its use with opioids, the PODRAS™ platform is
potentially applicable to a wide range of drug products, inclusive
of over-the-counter drugs, that are intentionally or inadvertently
abused and cause harm by overdose to those who ingest them. We
intend to apply the PODRAS™ technology platforms to other
extended release opioid drug candidates (e.g., oxymorphone,
hydrocodone, hydromorphone and morphine) utilizing the 505(b)(2)
regulatory pathway.
The
HypermatrixTM Family of
Technologies
Our
platform of Hypermatrix™ drug delivery technologies include,
but are not limited to, IntelliFoam™,
IntelliGITransporter™, IntelliMatrix™,
IntelliOsmotics™, IntelliPaste™, IntelliPellets™
and IntelliShuttle™. Some of their key attributes are
described below.
These
technologies provide a broad range of release profiles, taking into
account the physical and chemical characteristics of a drug
product, the therapeutic use of the particular drug, and the
optimal site for release of the API in the GIT. At present those
technologies have been applied in the laboratory and/or in
bioavailability/bioequivalence studies in man to such orally
administered small molecule drugs as are used in the treatment of
neurological, cardiovascular, GIT, diabetes, pain and other
significant indications.
IntelliFoamTM
The
IntelliFoam™ technology is based on the drug active being
embedded in, but separate from a syntactic foam substrate, the
properties of which are used to modulate the release of the drug
active. The drug actives are embedded in a resin polymer
matrix.
IntelliGITransporterTM
The
IntelliGITransporter™ technology consists of an active drug
immobilized in a homogeneous (uniform) matrix structure. A precise
choice of mix ratios, polymers, and other ingredients imparts
characteristics which protect the drug composition from mechanical
degradation due to digestion, and/or from chemical degradation in
the acidic stomach environment, and ensures that this technology
allows control of release as well as releasing the medication at
certain parts of the stomach or intestines without significant food
effects or unintentional premature release of the entire drug dose.
We believe that this technology is most useful for drug molecules
with characteristics such as very low or very high potency, opiate
analgesics (pain medications derived from the chemical compounds
found in opium), or susceptibility to acid degradation. It is also
useful for products where a zero-order (constant rate over time,
independent of the amount of drug available for dissolution)
release profile is desirable.
IntelliMatrixTM
The
IntelliMatrix™ technology is a proprietary blend of several
polymers. Depending on the constituents of the blend and the manner
in which these interact, the use of the blend with a drug allows
the drug to be released at predetermined rates, while imparting
protective characteristics to both the drug and the GIT. This is
most useful for drugs which require precisely controlled
first-order release profiles, where the amount released with time
is dependent on one component like the amount of drug available for
dissolution.
IntelliOsmoticsTM
The
IntelliOsmotics™ technology is based upon the inclusion of
multiple populations of polymers with distinct chemical bonding
characteristics. These set up a complex matrix of hydrophilic
(water attracting) and hydrophobic (water repelling) domains. When
the tablet or bead is in an aqueous environment, like gastric
contents, a “mixture” of water-soluble polymer and drug
core is surrounded by gel layer(s) of water-insoluble polymer.
Osmotic pressure drives the drug out when solvent passes through
the gel layer while the polymer molecules remain. This permits
control of the rate of release of the drug active by the variation
of polymer ratios. This technology is most useful for drug
molecules which require precisely controlled pseudo-first-order
release profiles, where the rate of release is proportional to the
amount available for dissolution as well as being proportional to
one other component; however the effect of the amount of drug is
overriding, so that the rate appears first-order. This type of
release control can be useful when attempting to match difficult
profiles for generic formulation.
IntelliPasteTM
The
IntelliPaste™ technology is comprised of blends of multiple
polymers, oils, excipients and drug active(s) which result in a
paste-in-a-capsule dosage form. The physical attributes of the
paste include that it is thixotropic, pseudoplastic and
non-Newtonian or, in layman’s terms, like toothpaste.
Typically, it is formulated as having very low solubility in water
or oil, and low solubility in alcohol. These characteristics enable
the resulting drug product to have tamper-deterrent properties, and
to resist dissolution in even high concentrations of alcohol. As a
result, IntelliPaste™ is our preferred delivery technology
for the controlled delivery of opiates, narcotics and other central
nervous system drug products which are susceptible to unlawful
diversion or abuse.
IntelliPelletsTM
The
IntelliPellets™ technology consists of one or more type
(population) of granule, bead, pellet, or tablet in a holding
chamber or reservoir, such as a hard gelatin capsule. Each type
(population) may be uniquely different from the other in the manner
or rate it releases the drug. Our IntelliPellets™ technology
is designed to control, prolong, delay or modify the release of
drugs. It is particularly useful for the delivery of multiple
drugs, for delayed, timed, pulsed or for chronotherapeutic drug
delivery, designed to mimic our internal clocks for therapeutic
optimization (the drug is delivered in the right amount for the
patient at the right time). This technology is most useful for the
delivery of multiple-drug cocktails, or in situations where the
timing of a single dose or the sequencing of multiple doses of the
same drug is important.
IntelliShuttleTM
The
IntelliShuttle™ technology provides for drug release past the
stomach, such as for drugs required for action beyond the stomach,
for drugs which could be destroyed by the stomach environment, or
for drugs which could harm the stomach itself. This technology
“shuttles” the drug past the stomach to be released at
predetermined times or sites where appropriate for optimum
therapeutic effect. This technology is most useful for acid labile
drug molecules (drugs that are destroyed in acid environment), such
as the proton pump inhibitors, of which well-known omeprazole
(Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid) are examples, or for drug
molecules which may harm the stomach, of which the well-known
aspirin is an example.
Each of
the above-noted proprietary technologies was fully developed and
ready for application to client drug delivery requirements from the
date of our inception. Each of them has been utilized and applied
to client drug delivery requirements under our existing and
previous development contracts; in several instances more than one
technology has been applied to a single drug development. We
continue to develop all of our existing technologies and to conduct
the necessary research to develop new products and
technologies.
Our Products and Product Candidates
The
table below shows the present status of our ANDA, ANDS and NDA
products and product candidates that have been disclosed to the
public.
|
Generic name
|
Brand
|
Indication
|
Stage of
Development(1)
|
Regulatory Pathway
|
Market Size (in
millions)(2)
|
Rights(3)
|
|
Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release
capsules
|
Focalin XR®
|
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
|
Received final approval for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg
strengths from FDA(4)
|
ANDA
|
$877
|
Intellipharmaceutics and Par (US)
Philippines rights subject to licensing and distribution
agreement
|
|
Levetiracetam extended-release tablets
|
Keppra XR®
|
Partial onset seizures for epilepsy
|
Received final approval for the 500 and 750 mg strengths from
FDA
|
ANDA
|
$141
|
ANDA Repository(5)
|
|
Venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules
|
Effexor XR®
|
Depression
|
Received final approval for 37.5, 75 and 150 mg strengths from
FDA
|
ANDA
|
$838
|
Intellipharmaceutics and Tris Pharma
(US)
|
|
Pantoprazole sodium delayed- release tablets
|
Protonix®
|
Conditions associated with gastroesophageal reflux
disease
|
ANDA Application for commercialization approval for 2 strengths
under review by FDA
|
ANDA
|
$385
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
|
Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets
|
Glucophage® XR
|
Management of type 2 diabetes
|
Received final approval for 500 and 750 mg strengths from
FDA
|
ANDA
|
$208
(500 and 750 mg only)
|
Intellipharmaceutics
Philippines and Vietnamese rights subject to licensing and
distribution agreements
|
|
Quetiapine fumarate extended-release tablets
|
Seroquel XR®
|
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder & major depressive
disorder
|
Received final FDA approval for all 5 strengths. ANDS under review
by Health Canada
|
ANDA
ANDS
|
$112
|
Intellipharmaceutics and Tris Pharma (US)
Philippines, Malaysian and Vietnamese rights subject to licensing
and distribution agreements
|
|
Lamotrigine extended-release tablets
|
Lamictal® XR™
|
Anti-convulsant for epilepsy
|
ANDA application for commercialization approval for 6 strengths
under review by FDA
|
ANDA
|
$523
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
|
Desvenlafaxine extended-release tablets
|
Pristiq®
|
Depression
|
Received approval for the 50 and 100 mg strengths from
FDA
ANDS under review by Health Canada
|
ANDA
ANDS
|
$275
|
Intellipharmaceutics and Tris Pharma (US)
|
|
Trazodone hydrochloride extended-release tablets
|
Oleptro™
|
Depression
|
ANDA Application for commercialization approval for 2 strengths
under review by FDA
|
ANDA
|
N/A(6)
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
|
Carvedilol phosphate extended-release capsules
|
Coreg CR®
|
Heart failure, hypertension
|
Late-stage development
|
ANDA
|
$49
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
|
Oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release capsules
|
OxyContin®
|
Pain
|
NDA application accepted February 2017 and under review by FDA.
Second FDA Advisory Committees meeting held January
2020
|
NDA 505(b)(2)
|
$1,200
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
|
Pregabalin extended-release capsules
|
Lyrica®
|
Neuropathic pain
|
IND application submitted in August 2015
|
NDA 505(b)(2)
|
$3,594
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
|
Ranolazine extended-release tablets
|
Ranexa®
|
Chronic angina
|
ANDA application for commercialization approval for 2 strengths
under review by FDA
|
ANDA
|
$566
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
|
Oxycodone hydrochloride immediate release tablets
(IPCI006)
|
|
Pain
|
IND application submitted in November 2018
|
NDA 505(b)(2)
|
$653
|
Intellipharmaceutics
|
Notes:
(1)
There can be no
assurance as to when, or if at all, the FDA or Health Canada will
approve any product candidate for sale in the U.S. or Canadian
markets.
(2)
Represents sales
for all strengths, unless otherwise noted, for the 12 months ended
January 2020 in the U.S., including sales of generics in TRx MBS
Dollars, which represents projected new and refilled prescriptions
representing a standardized dollar metric based on
manufacturer’s published catalog or list prices to
wholesalers, and does not represent actual transaction prices and
does not include prompt pay or other discounts, rebates or
reductions in price. Source: Symphony Health Solutions Corporation.
The information attributed to Symphony Health Solutions Corporation
herein is provided as is, and Symphony makes no representation
and/or warranty of any kind, including but not limited to, the
accuracy and/or completeness of such information.
(3)
For information
regarding the Par agreement, the Tris Pharma agreement, and the
licensing and distribution agreements with pharmaceutical
distributors in Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines, see the
“Business Overview” and “Other Potential Products
and Markets” sections. There can be no assurance as to when,
or if at all, any of our products or product candidates, as the
case may be, will receive regulatory approval for sale in the
Philippines, Malaysia or Vietnam. For unpartnered products, we are
seeking licensing agreement opportunities or other opportunities.
While we believe that licensing agreements are possible, there can
be no assurance that any can be secured.
(4)
Includes a Company
ANDA final approval for our 15 and 30 mg strengths, and a Par ANDA
final approval for their 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg
strengths. Profit sharing payments to us under the Par agreement
are the same irrespective of the ANDA owner.
(5)
As at September 30,
2019, pursuant to the Levetiracetam ANDA Agreement, we sold the
Transferred Levetiracetam ANDA to the Levetiracetam ANDA Purchaser
in exchange for a purchase price of $1. Additionally, pursuant to
the Levetiracetam ANDA Agreement, we agreed to pay the
Levetiracetam ANDA Purchaser an annual fee for each fiscal year
equal to 50% of the difference between the FDA Program Fee for 6 to
19 approved ANDAs and the FDA Program Fee for 1 to 5 approved
ANDAs. Under the Levetiracetam ANDA Agreement, we have the option
to repurchase the Transferred Levetiracetam ANDA for a purchase
price of $1 at any time provided that any outstanding fees are paid
to ANDA Repository.
(6)
Trazodone
Hydrochloride extended-release tablets are not currently being
marketed in the United States.
Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride
– Generic Focalin XR® (a registered trademark of
the brand manufacturer)
Dexmethylphenidate
hydrochloride, a Schedule II restricted product (drugs with a high
potential for abuse) in the U.S., is indicated for the treatment of
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In November 2005, we
entered into the Par agreement pursuant to which we granted Par an
exclusive, royalty-free license to make and distribute in the U.S.
all of our FDA approved strengths of our generic Focalin XR®
(dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release) capsules for a
period of 10 years from the date of commercial launch (which was
November 19, 2013). We retain the right to make and distribute all
strengths of the generic product outside of the U.S. Calendar
quarterly profit-sharing payments for its U.S. sales of all
strengths of generic Focalin XR® are payable by Par to us as
calculated pursuant to the Par agreement.
We
received final approval from the FDA in November 2013 under the
Company ANDA to launch the 15 and 30 mg strengths of our generic
Focalin XR® capsules. Commercial sales of these strengths were
launched immediately by our commercialization partner in the U.S.,
Par. Our 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg strengths were also then tentatively
FDA approved, subject to the right of Teva to 180 days of generic
exclusivity from the date of first launch of such products. In
January 2017, Par launched the 25 and 35 mg strengths of its
generic Focalin XR® capsules in the U.S., and in May 2017, Par
launched the 10 and 20 mg strengths, complementing the 15 and 30 mg
strengths of our generic Focalin XR® marketed by Par. In
November 2017, Par launched the remaining 5 and 40 mg strengths
providing us with the full line of generic Focalin XR®
strengths available in the U.S. market.
In
November 2018, we announced that we entered into an exclusive
licensing and distribution agreement with a pharmaceutical
distributor in the Philippines pursuant to which the distributor
was granted the exclusive right, subject to regulatory approval, to
import and market our generic Focalin XR® in the Philippines.
Under the terms of the agreement, the distributor will be required
to purchase a minimum yearly quantity of our generic Focalin
XR® and we will be the exclusive supplier of such product.
This multi-year agreement is subject to early termination. There
can be no assurance as to when and if such product will receive
regulatory approval for the sale in the Philippines or that, if so
approved, the product will be successfully commercialized there and
produce significant revenues for us.
Levetiracetam – Generic
Keppra XR® (a registered trademark of the brand
manufacturer)
We
received final approval from the FDA in February 2016 for the 500
and 750 mg strengths of our generic Keppra XR® (levetiracetam
extended-release) tablets. Keppra XR®, and the drug active
levetiracetam, are indicated for use in the treatment of partial
onset seizures associated with epilepsy. We are aware that several
other generic versions of this product are currently available and
serve to limit the overall market opportunity. We have been
actively exploring the best approach to maximize our commercial
returns from this approval and have been looking at several
international markets where, despite lower volumes, product margins
are typically higher than in the U.S.
In
November 2018, we announced that we entered into two exclusive
licensing and distribution agreements with pharmaceutical
distributors in Vietnam and the Philippines pursuant to which the
distributors were granted the exclusive right, subject to
regulatory approval, to import and market our generic Keppra
XR® in Vietnam and the Philippines, respectively. Under the
terms of the agreements, the distributors will be required to
purchase a minimum yearly quantity of our generic Keppra XR®.
These multi-year agreements are each subject to early
termination.
On
September 30, 2019, pursuant to an ANDA sale agreement (the
“Levetiracetam ANDA Agreement”), we sold all of the
assets relating to our ANDA for Levetiracetam extended-release
500mg and 750 mg tablets (collectively, the “Transferred
Levetiracetam ANDA”) to ANDA Repository, LLC (the
“Levetiracetam ANDA Purchaser”) in exchange for a
purchase price of $1. Additionally, pursuant to the Levetiracetam
ANDA sale agreement, we agreed to pay the Levetiracetam ANDA
Purchaser an annual fee for each fiscal year equal to 50% of the
difference between the FDA Program Fee for 6 to 19 approved ANDAs
and the FDA Program Fee for 1 to 5 approved ANDAs. Under the
Levetiracetam ANDA Agreement, we have the option to repurchase the
Transferred Levetiracetam ANDA for a purchase price of $1 at any
time provided that any outstanding fees are paid to ANDA
Repository.
There
can be no assurance that the Company’s generic Keppra
XR® for the 500 and 750 mg strengths will be successfully
commercialized. Further, there can be no assurance as to when and
if such product will receive regulatory approval for sale in
Vietnam or the Philippines or that, if so approved, the product
will be successfully commercialized there and produce significant
revenues for us.
Metformin hydrochloride –
Generic Glucophage® XR (a registered trademark of the
brand manufacturer)
We
received final approval from the FDA in February 2017 for the 500
and 750 mg strengths of our generic Glucophage® XR (metformin
hydrochloride extended release) tablets. Glucophage® XR, and
the drug active metformin, are indicated for use in the management
of type 2 diabetes treatment. The Company is aware that several
other generic versions of this product are currently available and
serve to limit the overall market opportunity, however, we are
continuing to evaluate options to realize commercial returns on
this product, particularly in international markets.
In
November 2018, we announced that we entered into two exclusive
licensing and distribution agreements with pharmaceutical
distributors in the Vietnam and the Philippines pursuant to which
the distributors were granted the exclusive right, subject to
regulatory approval, to import and market our generic
Glucophage® XR in Vietnam and the Philippines, respectively.
Under the terms of the agreements, the distributors will be
required to purchase a minimum yearly quantity of our generic
Glucophage® XR. These multi-year agreements are each subject
to early termination.
There
can be no assurance that our generic Glucophage® XR for the
500 and 750 mg strengths will be successfully commercialized.
Further, there can be no assurance as to when and if such product
will receive regulatory approval for the sale in Vietnam or the
Philippines or that, if so approved, the product will be
successfully commercialized there and produce significant revenues
for us.
Venlafaxine hydrochloride – Effexor
XR® (a registered trademark of the
brand manufacturer)
We received final approval from the FDA in
November 2018 for our ANDA for venlafaxine hydrochloride
extended-release capsules in the 37.5, 75 and 150 mg strengths. The
approved product is a generic equivalent of the branded product
Effexor XR ® sold in the U.S. by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, LLC.
Effexor XR®, and the drug active venlafaxine hydrochloride,
are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder, or
MDD. We are actively exploring the best approach to maximize our
commercial returns from this approval. On November 25, 2019,
we announced that we had entered into a license and commercial
supply agreement with Tris Pharma, by which we granted Tris an
exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in the United
States, Venlafaxine extended-release capsules in the 37.5, 75, and
150 mg strengths. Several other generic versions of the licensed
products are currently available in the market and that this limits
the overall market opportunity. There
can be no assurance that the Company’s venlafaxine
hydrochloride extended-release capsules for the 37.5 mg, 75 mg, and
150 mg strengths will be successfully commercialized and produce
significant revenue for us.
Quetiapine fumarate extended-release tablets - Generic Seroquel
XR® (a registered
trademark of the brand manufacturer)
In May
2017, we received final approval from the FDA for our ANDA for
quetiapine fumarate extended-release tablets in the 50, 150, 200,
300 and 400 mg strengths. Our approved product is a generic
equivalent for the corresponding strengths of the branded product
Seroquel XR® sold in the U.S. by AstraZeneca. Pursuant to a
settlement agreement between us and AstraZeneca dated July 30,
2012, we were permitted to launch our generic versions of the 50,
150, 200, 300 and 400 mg strengths of generic Seroquel XR®, on
November 1, 2016, subject to FDA final approval of our ANDA for
those strengths. The Company manufactured and shipped commercial
quantities of all strengths of generic Seroquel XR® to our
then marketing and distribution partner Mallinckrodt, and
Mallinckrodt launched all strengths in June 2017. On April 12,
2019, we and Mallinckrodt mutually agreed to terminate the
Mallinckrodt agreement, and effective August 12, 2019 the
Mallinckrodt agreement was terminated.
In
November 2018, we announced that we entered into three exclusive
licensing and distribution agreements with pharmaceutical
distributors in Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines pursuant to
which the distributors were granted the exclusive right, subject to
regulatory approval, to import and market our generic Seroquel
XR® in Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines, respectively.
Under the terms of the agreements, the distributors will be
required to purchase a minimum yearly quantity of our generic
Seroquel XR®. The multi-year agreements are each subject to
early termination. There can be no assurance as to when and if such
product will receive regulatory approval for the sale in Malaysia,
Vietnam or the Philippines or that, if so approved, the product
will be successfully commercialized there and produce significant
revenues for us.
On
August 15, 2019 we announced a license and commercial supply
agreement with Tris Pharma, granting Tris an exclusive license to
market, sell and distribute all strengths of the product in the
United States. The agreement provides for the Company to have a
profit-sharing arrangement with respect to the licensed product.
There can be no assurance that the product will be successfully
commercialized and produce significant revenue for us. An ANDS is
under review with Health Canada.
Desvenlafaxine
succinate extended-release tablets – Generic
Pristiq® (a registered
trademark of the brand manufacturer)
In May
2019, we received approval from the FDA for our ANDA for
desvenlafaxine extended-release tablets in the 50 and 100 mg
strengths. This product is a generic equivalent of the branded
product Pristiq® sold in
the U.S. by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, LLC. Pristiq®, and the drug active desvenlafaxine
succinate, are indicated for use in the management of depression.
We previously announced that we had entered into the Mallinckrodt
agreement, which granted Mallinckrodt, subject to its terms, an
exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in the U.S. the
Company's desvenlafaxine extended-release tablets (generic
Pristiq®). Among other things, the agreement provides for the
Company to have a profit-sharing arrangement with respect to the
licensed product. Effective August 12, 2019, the Mallinckrodt
agreement was terminated. On September 5, 2019, we announced a
license and commercial supply agreement with Tris Pharma, granting
Tris an exclusive license to market, sell and distribute the two
strengths of the product in the United States. There can be no
assurance that our desvenlafaxine extended-release tablets in the
50 and 100 mg strengths will be successfully commercialized and
produce significant revenue for us. An ANDS is under review with
Health Canada.
Oxycodone ER (Abuse Deterrent Oxycodone Hydrochloride Extended
Release Tablets)
One
of our non-generic products under development is our Oxycodone ER
(abuse deterrent oxycodone hydrochloride extended release tablets)
product candidate, intended as an abuse and alcohol-deterrent
controlled-release oral formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride for
the relief of pain. Our Oxycodone ER is a new drug candidate, with
a unique long acting oral formulation of oxycodone intended to
treat moderate-to-severe pain when a continuous, around the clock
opioid analgesic is needed for an extended period of time. The
formulation is intended to present a significant barrier to
tampering when subjected to various forms of physical and chemical
manipulation commonly used by abusers. It is also designed to
prevent dose dumping when inadvertently co-administered with
alcohol. Dose dumping is the rapid release of an active ingredient
from a controlled-release drug into the blood stream that can
result in increased toxicity, side effects, and a loss of efficacy.
Dose dumping can result by consuming the drug through crushing,
taking with alcohol, extracting with other beverages, vaporizing or
injecting. In addition, when crushed or pulverized and hydrated,
the proposed extended release formulation is designed to coagulate
instantaneously and entrap the drug in a viscous hydrogel, which is
intended to prevent syringing, injecting and snorting. Our
Oxycodone ER formulation is difficult to abuse through the
application of heat or an open flame, making it difficult to inhale
the active ingredient from burning.
In
March 2015, we announced the results of three definitive open
label, blinded, randomized, cross-over, Phase I pharmacokinetic
clinical trials in which our Oxycodone ER was compared to the
existing branded drug OxyContin® (extended release oxycodone
hydrochloride) under single dose fasting, single dose steady-state
fasting and single dose fed conditions in healthy volunteers. We
had reported that the results from all three studies showed that
Oxycodone ER met the bioequivalence criteria (90% confidence
interval of 80% to 125%) for all matrices, i.e., on the measure of
maximum plasma concentration or Cmax, on the measure of area under
the curve time (AUCt) and on the measure of area under the curve
infinity (AUCinf).
In
May 2015, the FDA provided us with notification regarding our IND
submission for Oxycodone ER indicating that we would not be
required to conduct Phase III studies if bioequivalence to
OxyContin® was demonstrated based on pivotal bioequivalence
studies.
In
January 2016, we announced that pivotal bioequivalence trials of
our Oxycodone ER, dosed under fasted and fed conditions, had
demonstrated bioequivalence to OxyContin® extended release
tablets as manufactured and sold in the U.S. by Purdue. The study
design was based on FDA recommendations and compared the lowest and
highest strengths of exhibit batches of our Oxycodone ER to the
same strengths of OxyContin®. The results show that the ratios
of the pharmacokinetic metrics, Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-f for
Oxycodone ER vs OxyContin®, are within the interval of 80% -
125% required by the FDA with a confidence level exceeding
90%.
In
July 2016, we announced the results of a food effect study
conducted on our behalf for Oxycodone ER. The study design was a
randomized, one-treatment two periods, two sequences, crossover,
open label, laboratory-blind bioavailability study for Oxycodone ER
following a single 80 mg oral dose to healthy adults under fasting
and fed conditions. The study showed that Oxycodone ER can be
administered with or without a meal (i.e., no food effect).
Oxycodone ER met the bioequivalence criteria (90% confidence
interval of 80% to 125%) for all matrices, involving maximum plasma
concentration and area under the curve (i.e., Cmax ratio of
Oxycodone ER taken under fasted conditions to fed conditions, and
AUC metrics taken under fasted conditions to fed conditions). We
believe that Oxycodone ER is well differentiated from currently
marketed oral oxycodone extended release products.
In
November 2016, we filed an NDA seeking authorization to market our
Oxycodone ER in the 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 mg strengths,
relying on the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway which allowed us to
reference data from Purdue’s file for its OxyContin®. In
February 2017, the FDA accepted for filing our NDA, and set a
Prescription Drug User Fee Act, or PDUFA, target action date of
September 25, 2017. Our submission is supported by pivotal
pharmacokinetic studies that demonstrated that Oxycodone ER is
bioequivalent to OxyContin®. The submission also includes
abuse-deterrent studies conducted to support abuse-deterrent label
claims related to abuse of the drug by various pathways, including
oral, intra-nasal and intravenous, having reference to the
FDA’s “Abuse-Deterrent Opioids - Evaluation and
Labeling” guidance published in April 2015.
Our NDA was filed under Paragraph IV of the
Hatch-Waxman Act, as amended. We certified to the FDA that we
believed that our Oxycodone ER product candidate would not infringe
any of the OxyContin® patents listed in the FDA’s
Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations,
commonly known as the Orange Book (the “Orange Book”), or that such patents are invalid, and so
notified all holders of the subject patents of such certification.
On April 7, 2017, we received notice that Purdue, Purdue
Pharmaceuticals L.P., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., or collectively
the Purdue parties, Rhodes Technologies, and Grünenthal GmbH,
or collectively the Purdue litigation plaintiffs, had commenced
patent infringement proceedings, or the Purdue litigation, against
us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (docket
number 17-392) in respect of our NDA filing for Oxycodone ER,
alleging that our proposed Oxycodone ER infringes 6 out of the 16
patents associated with the branded product OxyContin®, or the
OxyContin® patents, listed in the Orange Book. The complaint
seeks injunctive relief as well as attorneys’ fees and costs
and such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and
proper. An answer and counterclaim have been
filed.
Subsequent
to the above-noted filing of lawsuit, 4 further such patents were
listed and published in the Orange Book. We then similarly
certified to the FDA concerning such further patents. On March 16,
2018, we received notice that the Purdue litigation plaintiffs had
commenced further such patent infringement proceedings adding the 4
further patents. This lawsuit is also in the District of Delaware
federal court under docket number 18-404.
As a result of the commencement of the first of these legal
proceedings, the FDA is stayed for 30 months from granting final
approval to our Oxycodone ER product candidate. That time period
commenced on February 24, 2017, when the Purdue litigation
plaintiffs received notice of our certification concerning the
patents, and will expire on August 24, 2019, unless the stay is
earlier terminated by a final declaration of the courts that the
patents are invalid, or are not infringed, or the matter is
otherwise settled among the parties.
On
or about June 26, 2018, the court issued an order to sever 6
“overlapping” patents from the second Purdue case, but
ordered litigation to proceed on the 4 new (2017-issued) patents.
An answer and counterclaim was filed on July 9, 2018. The existence
and publication of additional patents in the Orange Book, and
litigation arising therefrom, is an ordinary and to be expected
occurrence in the course of such litigation.
On
July 6, 2018, the court issued a so-called “Markman”
claim construction ruling on the first case and the October 22,
2018 trial date remained unchanged.
On
July 24, 2018, the parties to the case mutually agreed to and did
have dismissed the infringement claims related to the
Grünenthal ‘060 patent. The Grünenthal ‘060
patent is one of the six patents included in the original
litigation case, however, the dismissal did not by itself result in
a termination of the 30-month litigation stay.
On
October 4, 2018, the parties mutually agreed to postpone the
scheduled court date pending a case status conference scheduled for
December 17, 2018. At that time, further trial scheduling and other
administrative matters were postponed pending the Company’s
resubmission of the Oxycodone ER NDA to the FDA, which was made on
February 28, 2019. On January 17, 2019, the court issued a
scheduling order in which the remaining major portions are
scheduled. The trial was scheduled for June 2020.
On
April 4, 2019, the U.S. Federal Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed
the invalidity of one Purdue OxyContin® formulation patent,
subject to further appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
On
October 4, 2019, we announced that following the filing of a
bankruptcy stay by Purdue Pharma L.P., the Company’s ongoing
litigation case numbers 1:17-cv-00392-RGA and 1:18-cv-00404-RGA-SRF
between Purdue Pharma L.P. et al and Intellipharmaceutics, have
been stayed and the existing trial dates in both cases have been
vacated by orders issued in each case by the judge in the District
of Delaware on October 3, 2019. During a status update March 13,
2020, the stay was ordered to be continued. The parties were
required to submit a joint status report no less than two business
days before June 3, 2020. On April 24, 2019, an order had been
issued, setting the trial date for case number 17-392 in the
District of Delaware, with the trial scheduled to begin on November
12, 2019 and also extending the 30-month stay date for regulatory
approval to March 2, 2020. With the litigation stay order, the
previous 30-month stay date of March 2, 2020 was unchanged and has
expired.
On
April 15, 2020, Purdue filed a new patent infringement suit against
the Company. The suit was filed in the District of Delaware, under
docket number: 1:20-cv-00515. The new patent suit relates to
additional Paragraph IV certifications lodged against
Purdue’s patent numbers: 10,407,434 and
10,369,109.
On or about July 2, 2020 the parties in the Purdue
Litigations between Purdue and Intellipharmaceutics entered into a
stipulated dismissal of the Purdue Litigations. The stipulated
dismissal, which was subject to approval by the bankruptcy court
presiding over Purdue Pharma’s pending chapter 11 cases,
provides for the termination of patent infringement proceedings
commenced by Purdue against the Company in the United States
District Court for the District of Delaware in respect of the
Company’s NDA filing for Aximris XR™
with the FDA. The stipulated dismissal
also provides that (i) for a thirty (30) day period following a
final approval of the Company’s Aximris XR™
NDA the parties will attempt to
resolve any potential asserted patent infringement claims relating
to the NDA and (ii) if the parties fail to resolve all such claims
during such period Purdue Pharma will have fifteen (15) days to
pursue an infringement action against the Company. The terms of the
stipulated dismissal agreement are
confidential.
On
July 28, 2020 the United States District Court for the District of
Delaware signed the stipulations of dismissal into order thereby
dismissing the claims in the three cases without prejudice. In
consideration of the confidential stipulated dismissal agreement
and for future saved litigation expenses, Purdue has paid an amount
of money to the Company.
In
June 2017, we announced that a joint meeting of the Advisory
Committees was scheduled for July 26, 2017 to review our NDA for
Oxycodone ER. The submission requested that our Oxycodone ER
product candidate include product label claims to support the
inclusion of language regarding abuse-deterrent properties for the
intravenous route of administration.
In
July 2017, the Company announced that the FDA Advisory Committees
voted 22 to 1 in finding that the Company’s NDA for Oxycodone
ER should not be approved at this time. The Advisory Committees
also voted 19 to 4 that the Company had not demonstrated that
Oxycodone ER has properties that can be expected to deter abuse by
the intravenous route of administration, and 23 to 0 that there was
not sufficient data for Oxycodone ER to support inclusion of
language regarding abuse-deterrent properties in the product label
for the intravenous route of administration. The Advisory
Committees expressed a desire to review the additional safety and
efficacy data for Oxycodone ER that may be obtained from human
abuse potential studies for the oral and intranasal routes of
administration.
In September 2017, the Company received a Complete
Response Letter (“CRL”) from the FDA for the Oxycodone ER NDA. In
its CRL, the FDA provided certain recommendations and requests for
information, including that Intellipharmaceutics complete Category
2 and Category 3 studies to assess the abuse-deterrent properties
of Oxycodone ER by the oral and nasal routes of administration. The
FDA also requested additional information related to the inclusion
of the blue dye in the Oxycodone ER formulation, which is intended
to deter abuse. The FDA also requested that Intellipharmaceutics
submit an alternate proposed proprietary name for Oxycodone ER. The
FDA determined that it could not approve the application in its
present form. The FDA has granted our request for an extension to
February 28, 2019 to resubmit our NDA for Oxycodone ER under
section 505(b)(2) of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act.
In
February 2018, the Company met with the FDA to discuss the
above-referenced CRL for Oxycodone ER, including issues related to
the blue dye in the product candidate. Based on those discussions,
the product candidate will no longer include the blue dye. The blue
dye was intended to act as an additional deterrent if Oxycodone ER
is abused and serve as an early warning mechanism to flag potential
misuse or abuse. The FDA confirmed that the removal of the blue dye
is unlikely to have any impact on formulation quality and
performance. As a result, the Company will not be required to
repeat in vivo bioequivalence studies and pharmacokinetic studies
submitted in the Oxycodone ER NDA. The FDA also indicated that,
from an abuse liability perspective, Category 1 studies will not
have to be repeated on Oxycodone ER with the blue dye
removed.
The abuse liability studies for the intranasal
route of abuse commenced in May 2018 with subject screening, while
the studies to support abuse-deterrent label claims for the oral
route of abuse commenced in June 2018. The clinical part of
both studies was completed, and the results included in the NDA
resubmission.
In
March 2019, the FDA acknowledged receipt of our resubmission of the
Oxycodone ER NDA filed on February 28, 2019. The FDA had informed
the Company that it considers the resubmission a complete response
to the September 22, 2017 action letter it issued in respect of the
NDA.
On July 24, 2019, we announced that the Company had been advised by
the FDA that the FDA “is postponing product-specific advisory
committee meetings for opioid analgesics,” including the one
previously scheduled to discuss our NDA, “while it continues
to consider a number of scientific and policy issues relating to
this class of drugs.” According to the FDA, the reason for
the postponement was not unique to our product and the Anesthetic
and Analgesic Drug Products Advisory Committees
(“AADPAC”) meeting earlier planned by the FDA, to
discuss our NDA was going to be rescheduled at a future date. The
FDA informed the Company that it would continue to review the
Company’s NDA according to the existing PDUFA timeline, but
noted that, due to the postponement of the AADPAC meeting, it was
possible that the FDA may be unable to meet the PDUFA goal date of
August 28, 2019. The FDA did not meet the goal date of August 28,
2019.
In
December 2019, we announced that a joint meeting of the Advisory
Committees of the FDA had been scheduled for January 15, 2020 to
review the NDA for Aximris XRTM abuse-deterrent
oxycodone hydrochloride extended-release tablets.
On
January 15, 2020, at a joint meeting of the Advisory Committees of
the FDA to review our NDA for Aximris XR™, abuse-deterrent
oxycodone hydrochloride extended-release tablets, the Advisory Committees voted 24 to 2
against the approval of our NDA for Aximris XRTM for the management of pain severe
enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid
treatment and for which alternative treatment options are
inadequate. We expect the FDA to take action on our
application after completion of their review.
There can be no assurance that the studies
submitted to the FDA will be adequate, that we will not be required
to conduct further studies for Oxycodone ER, that the FDA will
approve any of the Company’s requested abuse-deterrent label
claims, that the FDA will ultimately approve our NDA for the sale
of Aximris XRTM
in the U.S. market, or that it will
ever be successfully commercialized and produce significant revenue
for us. If the Aximris
XRTM
NDA is approved, there can be no
assurance that the Company and Purdue will resolve any potential
asserted patent infringement claims relating to the NDA within a
thirty (30) day period following the final approval as provided in
the stipulated settlement agreement of the Purdue Litigations.
There can be no assurance that the Purdue parties will not pursue
an infringement claim against the Company
again.
In
November 2018, we announced that we entered into an exclusive
licensing and distribution agreement with a pharmaceutical
distributor in the Philippines pursuant to which the distributor
was granted the exclusive right, subject to regulatory approval, to
import and market Oxycodone ER in the Philippines. Under the terms
of the agreement, the distributor will be required to purchase a
minimum yearly quantity of our Oxycodone ER and we will be the
exclusive supplier of our Oxycodone ER. This multi-year agreement
is subject to early termination. There can be no assurance as to
when and if such product candidate will receive regulatory approval
for the sale in the Philippines or that, if so approved, the
product will be successfully commercialized there and produce
significant revenues for us.
Regabatin™ XR
(Pregabalin Extended-Release)
Another Intellipharmaceutics non-generic
controlled-release product under development is Regabatin™
XR, pregabalin extended-release capsules. Pregabalin is indicated
for the management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic
peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, spinal cord injury
and fibromyalgia. A controlled-release version of pregabalin should
reduce the number of doses patients take, which could improve
patient compliance, and therefore possibly enhance clinical
outcomes. Lyrica® pregabalin, twice-a-day
(“BID”) dosage and three-times-a-day
(“TID”) dosage, are drug products marketed in the
U.S. by Pfizer Inc. In October 2017, Pfizer also received approval
for a Lyrica® CR, a controlled-release version of pregabalin.
In 2014, we conducted and analyzed the results of six Phase I
clinical trials involving a twice-a-day formulation and a
once-a-day formulation. For formulations directed to certain
indications which include fibromyalgia, the results suggested that
Regabatin™ XR 82.5 mg BID dosage was comparable in
bioavailability to Lyrica® 50 mg (immediate-release
pregabalin) TID dosage. For formulations directed to certain other
indications which include neuropathic pain associated with diabetic
peripheral neuropathy, the results suggested that Regabatin™
XR 165 mg once-a-day dosage was comparable in bioavailability to
Lyrica® 75 mg BID dosage.
In
March 2015, the FDA accepted a Pre-Investigational New Drug or
Pre-IND meeting request for our once-a-day Regabatin™ XR
non-generic controlled release version of pregabalin under the NDA
505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, with a view to possible
commercialization in the U.S. at some time following the December
30, 2018 expiry of the patent covering the pregabalin molecule.
Regabatin™ XR is based on our controlled release drug
delivery technology platform which utilizes the symptomatology and
chronobiology of fibromyalgia in a formulation intended to provide
a higher exposure of pregabalin during the first 12 hours of
dosing. Based on positive feedback and guidance from the FDA, we
submitted an IND application for Regabatin™ XR in August
2015. The FDA completed its review of the IND application and
provided constructive input that we will use towards further
development of the program. We believe our product candidate has
significant additional benefits to existing treatments and are
currently evaluating strategic options to advance this
opportunity.
There
can be no assurance that any additional Phase I or other clinical
trials we conduct will meet our expectations, that we will have
sufficient capital to conduct such trials, that we will be
successful in submitting an NDA 505(b)(2) filing with the FDA, that
the FDA will approve this product candidate for sale in the U.S.
market, or that it will ever be successfully commercialized and
produce significant revenue for us.
Oxycodone Hydrochloride IR Tablets (“IPCI006”) (Abuse
Deterrent and Overdose Resistant Oxycodone Hydrochloride Immediate
Release Tablets) – ROXICODONE®
In
November 2018, we announced that we had submitted an IND
application to the FDA for our IPCI006 oxycodone hydrochloride
immediate release tablets in the 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg strengths.
This novel drug formulation incorporates the Company’s
PODRAS™, or Paradoxical OverDose Resistance Activating
System, delivery technology and its nPODDDS™, or novel Point
Of Divergence Drug Delivery System, technology. IPCI006 is designed
to prevent, delay or limit the release of oxycodone hydrochloride
when more intact tablets than prescribed are ingested, thus
delaying or preventing overdose and allowing for sufficient time
for a rescue or medical intervention to take place. It is also
intended to present a significant barrier to abuse by snorting,
“parachuting,” injecting or smoking finely crushed
oxycodone hydrochloride immediate release tablets. The data
generated from the studies conducted under this IND is expected to
form part of an NDA seeking FDA approval for IPCI006
tablets.
If
approved, IPCI006 may be the first immediate release formulation of
oxycodone hydrochloride intended to simultaneously prevent or delay
overdose and prevent abuse by intranasal or intravenous
routes.
There
can be no assurance that we will be successful in submitting any
NDA with the FDA, that the FDA will approve the Company’s
IPCI006 product candidate for sale in the U.S. market or any
related abuse-deterrent label claims, or that it will ever be
successfully commercialized and produce significant revenue for
us.
Other Potential Products and Markets
We are
continuing our efforts to identify opportunities internationally,
particularly in China, that could if effectuated provide product
distribution alternatives through partnerships and therefore would
not likely require an investment or asset acquisition by us.
Discussions toward establishing a partnership to facilitate future
development activities in China are ongoing. We have not at this
time entered into and may not ever enter into any such
arrangements.
In
addition, we are seeking to develop key relationships in several
other international jurisdictions where we believe there may be
substantial demand for our generic products. These opportunities
could potentially involve out-licensing of our products,
third-party manufacturing supply and more efficient access to
pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore assist with the
development of our product pipeline.
In
November 2018, we announced that we had entered into an exclusive
licensing and distribution agreement for our abuse resistant
Oxycodone ER product candidate and four generic drug products with
a pharmaceutical distributor in the Philippines. Under the terms of
the agreement the distributor was granted the exclusive right,
subject to regulatory approval, to import and market our first
novel drug formulation, abuse-deterrent Oxycodone ER, in the
Philippines. Additionally, this distributor was granted, subject to
regulatory approval, the exclusive right to import and market our
generic Seroquel XR®, Focalin XR®, Glucophage® XR,
and Keppra XR® in the Philippines. Under the terms of the
agreement, the distributor will be required to purchase a minimum
yearly quantity of all products included in the agreement and we
will be the exclusive supplier of said products. The multi-year
agreement with the Philippines distributor is subject to early
termination. Financial terms of the agreement have not been
disclosed. There can be no assurance as to when or if any of our
products or product candidates will receive regulatory approval for
sale in the Philippines or that, if so approved, any such products
will be successfully commercialized there and produce significant
revenues for us. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will
not be required to conduct further studies for Oxycodone ER, that
the FDA will approve any of our requested abuse-deterrent label
claims or that the FDA will ultimately approve the NDA for the sale
of Oxycodone ER in the U.S. market, or that it will ever be
successfully commercialized.
In
November 2018, we announced that we had entered into two exclusive
licensing and distribution agreements with pharmaceutical
distributors in Malaysia and Vietnam.
A
Malaysian pharmaceutical distribution company was granted the
exclusive right, subject to regulatory approval, to import and
market our generic Seroquel XR® (quetiapine fumarate
extended-release) in Malaysia. Under the terms of the agreement,
four strengths (50, 200, 300 and 400 mg) of generic Seroquel
XR® will be manufactured and supplied by us for distribution
in Malaysia. We are also in discussions to include other products
in the agreement with said distributor, who will be required to
purchase a minimum yearly quantity of all products included in the
agreement.
A
Vietnamese pharmaceutical distributor was granted the exclusive
right, subject to regulatory approval, to import and market our
generic Seroquel XR®, Glucophage® XR, and Keppra XR®
in Vietnam. Under the terms of the agreement, two strengths (500
and 750 mg) of generic Glucophage® XR, three strengths (50,
150 and 200 mg) of generic Seroquel XR® and one strength (500
mg) of generic Keppra XR® will be manufactured and supplied by
us for distribution in Vietnam. The Vietnamese distributor will be
required to purchase a minimum yearly quantity of all products
included in the agreement.
The
multi-year agreements with the Malaysian and Vietnamese
distributors are each subject to early termination. Financial terms
of the agreements have not been disclosed. There can be no
assurance as to when or if any of our products will receive
regulatory approval for sale in Malaysia or Vietnam or that, if so
approved, the products will be successfully commercialized there
and produce significant revenues for the Company.
Additionally, in
January 2018, we announced we had commenced a R&D program of
pharmaceutical cannabidiol, or CBD, based products. As part of this
R&D program, we filed multiple provisional patent applications
with the United States Patent and Trademark Office pertaining to
the delivery and application of cannabinoid-based therapeutics,
began talks with potential commercialization partners in the
cannabidiol industry, and identified a potential supplier of CBD.
The patent filings, together with certain of our already issued
drug delivery patents, are intended to form the basis of the
development of a pipeline of novel controlled-release product
candidates with CBD as the main active ingredient. The Company
holds a Health Canada CDL. Under the CDL, we are authorized to
possess, produce, sell and deliver drug products containing CBD in
Canada.
There
can be no assurance that we will be able to develop cannabis-based
products or that any cannabis-based product candidates we develop
will ever be successfully commercialized or produce significant
revenue for us. There can be no assurance that any patents
pertaining to the delivery and application of cannabinoid-based
therapeutics will be issued to the Company.
COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
We are
engaged in a business characterized by extensive research efforts,
rapid technological developments and intense competition. Our
competitors include medical technology, pharmaceutical,
biotechnology and other companies, universities and research
institutions. All of these competitors currently engage in, have
engaged in or may engage in the future, in development,
manufacturing, marketing and commercialization of new
pharmaceuticals and existing pharmaceuticals, some of which may
compete with our present or future products and product
candidates.
Our
drug delivery technologies may compete with existing drug delivery
technologies, as well as new drug delivery technologies that may be
developed or commercialized in the future. Any of these drugs and
drug delivery technologies may receive government approval or gain
market acceptance more rapidly than our products and product
candidates. As a result, our products and product candidates may
become non-competitive or obsolete.
We
believe that our ability to successfully compete will depend on,
among other things, the efficacy, safety and reliability of our
products and product candidates, the timing and scope of regulatory
approval, the speed at which we develop product candidates, our, or
our commercialization partners’, ability to manufacture and sell
commercial quantities of a product to the market, product
acceptance by physicians and other professional healthcare
providers, the quality and breadth of our technologies, the skills
of our employees and our ability to recruit and retain skilled
employees, the protection of our intellectual property, and the
availability of substantial capital resources to fund development
and commercialization activities.
MANUFACTURING
We have
internal manufacturing capabilities consisting of cGLP research
laboratories and a current Good Manufacturing Process
(“cGMP”)
manufacturing plant for solid oral dosage forms at our 30 Worcester
Road Facility (as defined below). Raw materials used in
manufacturing our products are available from a number of
commercial sources and the prices for such raw materials are
generally not particularly volatile. In October 2014, the FDA
provided us with written notification that 30 Worcester Road
Facility had received an “acceptable” classification.
Such inspections are carried out on a regular basis by the FDA and
an “acceptable” classification is necessary to permit
us to be in a position to receive final approvals for ANDAs and
NDAs and to permit manufacturing of drug products intended for
commercial sales in the United States after any such approvals. The
most recent inspections by FDA were conducted in July 2017 and June
2019; both closed satisfactorily. Similarly, Health Canada
completed an inspection of 30 Worcester Road Facility in September
2015 which resulted in a “compliant” rating. The most
recent Health Canada inspection was conducted in June 2019 and a
compliance rating was issued August 15, 2019.
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
Proprietary rights
are an important aspect of our business. These include know-how,
trade secrets and patents. Know-how and trade secrets are protected
by internal company policies and operating procedures, and where
necessary, by contractual provisions with development partners and
suppliers. We also seek patent protection for inventive advances
which form the basis of our drug delivery technologies. With
respect to particular products, we may seek patent protection on
the commercial composition, our methods of production and our uses,
to prevent the unauthorized marketing and sale of competitive
products.
Patents
which relate to and protect various aspects of our
Hypermatrix™ family of drug delivery technologies include the
following United States, Japanese, Chinese, Canadian and European
patents which have been issued to us:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country
|
Issue Date
|
Issue No.
|
Title
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
18-Feb-20
|
10,561,602
|
Controlled Extended Release Pregabalin
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
21-Apr-20
|
10,624,858
|
Controlled Release Composition Using Transition Coating And Method
of Preparing Same
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
28-Apr-20
|
10,632,205
|
Pharmaceutical Compositions Having Reduced Abuse
Potential
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
19-May-20
|
10,653,776
|
Compositions and Methods For Reducing Overdose
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
31-Oct-17
|
9,801,939
|
Compositions and Methods For Reducing Overdose
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
11-Jul-17
|
9,700,516
|
Compositions and Methods For Reducing Overdose
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
11-Jul-17
|
9,700,515
|
Compositions and Methods For Reducing Overdose
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
14-Jul-15
|
9,078,827
|
Pharmaceutical Composition Having Reduced Abuse
Potential
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
12-Aug-14
|
8,802,139
|
Proton Pump-Inhibitor-Containing Capsules Which Comprise Subunits
Differently Structured For A Delayed Release Of The Active
Ingredient
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
10-Dec-13
|
8,603,520
|
Oral Multi-functional Pharmaceutical Capsule Preparations of Proton
Pump Inhibitors
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
12-Mar-13
|
8,394,409
|
Controlled Extended Drug Release Technology
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
28-Dec-10
|
7,858,119
|
Extended Release Pharmaceuticals
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
5-May-17
|
9,636,306
|
Proton Pimp-Inhibitor Containing Capsules which Comprise Subunits
Differently Structured for a Delayed Release of the Active
Ingredient
|
|
|
U.S.A
|
6-Nov-19
|
10,314,787
|
Controlled Release Delivery Device Comprising an Organosol
Coat
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
9-Apr-18
|
10,064,828
|
Pulsed Extended-Pulsed and Extended-Pulsed Drug Delivery
Systems
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
25-Dec-18
|
10,159,649
|
Controlled Release Delivery Device Comprising an Organosol
Coat
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
2-Jul-17
|
9,561,188
|
Controlled Release Delivery Device Comprising an Organosol
Coat
|
|
|
U.S.A.
|
21-May-19
|
10,293,046
|
Compositions and Methods for Reducing Overdose
|
|
|
Japan
|
28-Aug-15
|
5,798,293
|
Pharmaceutical Composition Having Reduced Abuse
Potential
|
|
|
Japan
|
28-Jun-19
|
6,544,749
|
Compositions and Methods for Reducing Overdose
|
|
|
Europe
|
26-Nov-14
|
2,007,360
|
Controlled Release Delivery Device Comprising an Organosol
Coat
|
|
|
Canada
|
29-Nov-16
|
2,910,865
|
Compositions and Methods for Reducing Overdose
|
|
|
Canada
|
28-May-19
|
2,648,278
|
Drug Delivery Composition
|
|
|
Canada
|
26-May-15
|
2,579,382
|
Controlled Release Composition Using Transition Coating, And Method
Of Preparing Same
|
|
|
Canada
|
28-Jan-14
|
2,571,897
|
Controlled Extended Drug Release Technology
|
|
|
Canada
|
8-Apr-14
|
2,576,556
|
Drug Delivery Device
|
|
|
Canada
|
11-Mar-14
|
2,648,280
|
Controlled Release Delivery Device Comprising an Organosol
Coat
|
|
|
Canada
|
19-Jun-12
|
2,626,558
|
Pharmaceutical Composition having Reduced Abuse
Potential
|
|
|
Canada
|
25-Sep-12
|
2,529,984
|
Oral Multi-Functional Pharmaceutical Capsule Preparations of Proton
Pump Inhibitors
|
|
|
Canada
|
22-Feb-11
|
2,459,857
|
Combinatorial Type Controlled Release Drug Delivery
Device
|
|
|
Canada
|
15-Mar-05
|
2,435,276
|
Syntactic Deformable Foam Compositions and Methods for
Making
|
|
|
China
|
5-Nov-16
|
ZL 200780019665.5
|
Drug Delivery Composition
|
|
In
addition to these issued patents, we have several U.S. patent
applications, and corresponding foreign applications pending,
including Patent Cooperation Treaty - national stage processing and
entry applications, relating to various aspects of our
HyperMatrixTM drug delivery
technologies, including methods and compositions for coating of
tablets and beads, compositions incorporating disintegrants to
assist in controlled release, compositions incorporating multiple
drug actives, and compositions directed to classes of drug actives
designed as therapies for specific indications and compositions
intended to enhance deterrence of willful abuse of narcotic
compositions.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
We
focus on the development of both branded drug products (which
require NDAs) and generic drug products (which require ANDAs). The
research and development, manufacture and marketing of
controlled-release pharmaceuticals are subject to regulation by
U.S., Canadian and other governmental authorities and agencies.
Such national agencies and other federal, state, provincial and
local entities regulate the testing, manufacturing, safety and
promotion of our products. The regulations applicable to our
products may change as the currently limited number of approved
controlled-release products increases and regulators acquire
additional experience in this area.
United States Regulation
New Drug Application
We will
be required by the FDA to comply with NDA procedures for our
branded products prior to commencement of marketing by us or our
licensees. New drug compounds and new formulations for existing
drug compounds which cannot be filed as ANDAs, but follow a
505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, are subject to NDA
procedures.
These
procedures for a new drug compound include (a) preclinical
laboratory and animal toxicology tests; (b) scaling and testing of
production batches; (c) submission of an IND, and subsequent
approval is required before any human clinical trials can commence;
(d) adequate and well controlled replicate human clinical trials to
establish the safety and efficacy of the drug for its intended
indication; (e) the submission of an NDA to the FDA; and (f) FDA
approval of an NDA prior to any commercial sale or shipment of the
product, including pre-approval and post-approval inspections of
our manufacturing and testing facilities. If all of this data in
the product application is owned by the applicant, the FDA will
issue its approval without regard to patent rights that might be
infringed or exclusivity periods that would affect the
FDA’s ability to grant an
approval if the application relied upon data which the applicant
did not own.
Preclinical
laboratory and animal toxicology tests may have to be performed to
assess the safety and potential efficacy of the product. The
results of these preclinical tests, together with information
regarding the methods of manufacture of the products and quality
control testing, are then submitted to the FDA as part of an IND
requesting authorization to initiate human clinical trials. Once
the IND notice period has expired, clinical trials may be
initiated, unless an FDA hold on clinical trials has been
issued.
A new
formulation for an existing drug compound requires a 505(b)(2)
application. This application contains full reports of
investigations of safety and effectiveness but at least some
information required for approval comes from studies not conducted
by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not
obtained a right of reference. A 505(b)(2) application is submitted
when some specific information necessary for approval is obtained
from: (1) published literature and/or (2) the FDA findings of
safety and effectiveness for an approved drug. The FDA has
implemented this approach to encourage innovation in drug
development without requiring duplicative studies while protecting
the patent and exclusivity rights for the approved drug. A
505(b)(2) application can be submitted for a new chemical entity, a
new molecular entity or any changes to previously approved drugs
such as dosage form, strength, route of administration,
formulation, indication, or bioinequivalence where the application
may rely on the FDA’s
finding on safety and effectiveness of the previously approved
drug. In addition, the applicant may also submit a 505(b)(2)
application for a change in drug product that is eligible for
consideration pursuant to a suitability petition. For example, a
505(b)(2) application would be appropriate for a controlled-release
product that is bioinequivalent to a reference listed drug where
the proposed product is at least as bioavailable and the pattern of
release is at least as favorable as the approved pharmaceutically
equivalent product. A 505(b)(2) application may be granted three
years of exclusivity if one or more clinical investigations, other
than bioavailability/bioequivalence studies, was essential to the
approval and conducted or sponsored by the applicant; five years of
exclusivity is granted if it is for a new chemical entity. A
505(b)(2) application may also be eligible for orphan drug and
pediatric exclusivity.
A
505(b)(2) application must contain the following: (1)
identification of those portions of the application that rely on
the information the applicant does not have a right of reference,
(2) identification of any or all listed drugs by established name,
proprietary name, dosage form, strength, route of administration,
name of the listed drug’s
sponsor, and the application number if application relies on the
FDA’s previous findings
of safety and effectiveness for a listed drug, (3) information with
respect to any patents that claim the drug or the use of the drug
for which approval is sought, (4) patent certifications or
statement with respect to any relevant patents that claim the
listed drug, (5) if approval for a new indication, and not for the
indications approved for the listed drug, a certification so
stating, (6) a statement as to whether the listed drug has received
a period of marketing exclusivity, (7)
bioavailability/bioequivalence studies comparing the proposed
product to the listed drug (if any) and (8) studies necessary to
support the change or modification from the listed drugs or drugs
(if any). Before submitting the application, the applicant should
submit a plan to identify the types of bridging studies that should
be conducted and also the components of application that rely on
the FDA’s findings of
safety and effectiveness of a previously approved drug product. We
intend to generate all data necessary to support FDA approval of
the applications we file. A 505(b)(2) application must provide
notice of certain patent certifications to the NDA holder and
patent owner, and approval may be delayed due to patent or
exclusivity protections covering an approved product.
Clinical trials
involve the administration of a pharmaceutical product to
individuals under the supervision of qualified medical
investigators who are experienced in conducting studies under
good clinical practices
guidelines. Clinical studies are conducted in accordance with
protocols that detail the objectives of a study, the parameters to
be used to monitor safety and the efficacy criteria to be
evaluated. Each protocol is submitted to the FDA and to an
institutional review board prior to the commencement of each
clinical trial. Clinical studies are typically conducted in three
sequential phases, which may overlap. In Phase I, the initial
introduction of the product into human subjects, the compound is
tested for absorption, safety, dosage, tolerance, metabolic
interaction, distribution, and excretion. Phase II involves studies
in a limited patient population with the disease to be treated to
(1) determine the efficacy of the product for specific targeted
indications, (2) determine optimal dosage and (3) identify possible
adverse effects and safety risks. In the event Phase II evaluations
demonstrate that a pharmaceutical product is effective and has an
acceptable safety profile, Phase III clinical trials are undertaken
to further evaluate clinical efficacy of the product and to further
test its safety within an expanded patient population at
geographically dispersed clinical study sites. Periodic reports on
the clinical investigations are required.
We, or
the FDA, may suspend clinical trials at any time if either party
believes the clinical subjects are being exposed to unacceptable
health risks. The results of the product development, analytical
laboratory studies and clinical studies are submitted to the FDA as
part of an NDA for approval of the marketing and commercialization
of a pharmaceutical product.
Abbreviated New Drug Application
In
certain cases, where the objective is to develop a generic version
of an approved product already on the market in controlled-release
dosages, an ANDA may be filed in lieu of filing an NDA. Under the
ANDA procedure, the FDA waives the requirement to submit complete
reports of preclinical and clinical studies of safety and efficacy
and instead requires the submission of bioequivalency data; that
is, demonstration that the generic drug produces the same effect in
the body as its brand-name counterpart and has the same
pharmacokinetic profile, or change in blood concentration over
time. The ANDA procedure is available to us for a generic version
of a drug product approved by the FDA. In certain cases, an ANDA
applicant may submit a suitability petition to the FDA requesting
permission to submit an ANDA for a drug product that differs from a
previously approved reference drug product (the “Listed Drug”) when the change is one authorized
by statute. Permitted variations from the Listed Drug include
changes in: (1) route of administration, (2) dosage form, (3)
strength and (4) one of the active ingredients of the Listed Drug
when the Listed Drug is a combination product. The FDA must approve
the petition before the ANDA may be submitted. An applicant is not
permitted to petition for any other kinds of changes from Listed
Drugs. The information in a suitability petition must demonstrate
that the change from the Listed Drug requested for the proposed
drug product may be adequately evaluated for approval without data
from investigations to show the proposed drug product’s safety or effectiveness. The
advantages of an ANDA over an NDA include reduced R&D costs
associated with bringing a product to market, and generally a
shorter review and approval time at the FDA.
GDUFA
implemented substantial fees for new ANDAs, Drug Master Files,
product and establishment fees. In return, the program is intended
to provide faster and more predictable ANDA reviews by the FDA and
more timely inspections of drug facilities. For the FDA’s
fiscal year 2021, the annual facility fee is $199,022 and the GDUFA
program fee is $154,299. Under GDUFA, generic product companies
face significant penalties for failure to pay the new user fees,
including rendering an ANDA not “substantially
complete” until the fee is paid. It is currently uncertain
the effect the new fees will have on our ANDA process and business.
However, any failure by us or our suppliers to pay the fees or to
comply with the other provisions of GDUFA may adversely impact or
delay our ability to file ANDAs, obtain approvals for new generic
products, generate revenues and thus may have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Patent Certification and Exclusivity Issues
ANDAs
and/or NDAs filed under Paragraph IV of the Hatch Waxman Act which
seek approval by a non-brand owner to market a generic version of a
branded drug product prior to the expiry of patents owned or listed
in the Orange Book (the “Listed Patents”) as applicable to the brand
owner’s product, are
required to include certifications pursuant to Paragraph IV that
either the Listed Patents are invalid or that the
applicant’s drug product
does not infringe the Listed Patents. In such circumstances, the
owner of the branded drug and/or the holder of the patents may
commence patent infringement litigation against the applicant. In
such a case, the FDA is not empowered to approve such pending ANDA
or NDA until the expiry of 30 months from the commencement of such
litigation, unless within such 30 month period the said patents are
found to be invalid, or the drug product covered by the ANDA or NDA
is finally found by a court not to infringe such
patents.
Under
the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDC
Act”), the first
filer of an ANDA (but not an NDA) with a “non-infringement” certification is entitled, if its
drug product is approved, to receive 180 days of market
exclusivity. Subsequent filers of generic products, if
non-infringing and approved by the FDA, are entitled to market
their products six months after the first commercial marketing of
the first filer’s generic
product. A company having FDA approval and permission from the
original brand owner is able to market an authorized generic at any
time. The 180-day exclusivity period can be forfeited if the first
applicant withdraws its application or the FDA considers the
application to have been withdrawn, the first applicant amends or
withdraws Paragraph IV Certification for all patents qualifying for
180 day exclusivity, or the first applicant fails to obtain
tentative approval within 30 months after the date filed, unless
failure is due to a change in review requirements. The preservation
of the 180 day exclusivity period related to the first-to-file
status of a drug not approved within 30 months after the date
filed, generally requires that an application be made to the FDA
for extension of the time period where the delay has been due to a
change in the review requirements for the drug. The approval of the
continued first-to-file status in such circumstances is subject to
the discretion of the FDA. There can be no assurance that the FDA
would accede to such a request if made.
Patent
expiration refers to expiry of U.S. patents (inclusive of any
extensions) on drug compounds, formulations and uses. Patents
outside the United States may differ from those in the United
States. Under U.S. law, the expiration of a patent on a drug
compound does not create a right to make, use or sell that
compound. There may be additional patents relating to a
person’s proposed
manufacture, use or sale of a product that could potentially
prohibit such person’s
proposed commercialization of a drug compound.
The FDC
Act contains other market exclusivity provisions that offer
additional protection to pioneer drug products which are
independent of any patent coverage that might also apply.
Exclusivity refers to the fact that the effective date of approval
of a potential competitor’s ANDA for a generic of the pioneer
drug may be delayed or, in certain cases, an ANDA may not be
submitted until the exclusivity period expires. Five years of
exclusivity are granted to the first approval of a “new chemical entity”. Three years of exclusivity may
apply to products which are not new chemical entities, but for
which new clinical investigations are essential to the approval.
For example, a new indication for use, or a new dosage strength of
a previously approved product, may be entitled to exclusivity, but
only with respect to that indication or dosage strength.
Exclusivity only offers protection against a competitor entering
the market via the ANDA route, and does not operate against a
competitor that generates all of its own data and submits a full
NDA.
If
applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied, the FDA may deny
approval of an NDA or an ANDA or may require additional testing.
Product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with current or
future regulatory standards is not maintained or if problems occur
after the product reaches the market. The FDA may require further
testing and surveillance programs to monitor the pharmaceutical
product that has been commercialized. Non-compliance with
applicable requirements can result in additional penalties,
including product seizures, injunction actions and criminal
prosecutions.
Canadian Regulation
The
requirements for selling pharmaceutical drugs in Canada are
substantially similar to those of the United States described
above.
Investigational New Drug Application
Before
conducting clinical trials of a new drug in Canada, we must submit
a Clinical Trial Application to the Therapeutic Products
Directorate (“TPD”). This application includes
information about the proposed trial, the methods of manufacture of
the drug and controls, preclinical laboratory and animal toxicology
tests on the safety and potential efficacy of the drug, and
information on any previously executed clinical trials with the new
drug. If, within 30 days of receiving the application, the TPD does
not notify us that our application is unsatisfactory, we may
proceed with clinical trials of the drug. The phases of clinical
trials are the same as those described above under “United
States Regulation – New Drug Application”.
New Drug Submission
Before
selling a new drug in Canada, we must submit a New Drug Submission
(“NDS”) or
Supplemental New Drug Submission (“SNDS”) to the TPD and receive a
Notice of Compliance (“NOC”) from the TPD to sell the
drug. The submission includes information describing the new drug,
including its proper name, the proposed name under which the new
drug will be sold, a quantitative list of ingredients in the new
drug, the methods of manufacturing, processing, and packaging the
new drug, the controls applicable to these operations, the tests
conducted to establish the safety of the new drug, the tests to be
applied to control the potency, purity, stability and safety of the
new drug, the results of bio-pharmaceutics and clinical trials as
appropriate, the intended indications for which the new drug may be
prescribed and the effectiveness of the new drug when used as
intended. The TPD reviews the NDS or SNDS. If the submission meets
the requirements of Canada’s Food and Drugs Act and
Regulations, the TPD will issue an NOC for the new
drug.
Where
the TPD has already approved a drug for sale in controlled-release
dosages, we may seek approval from the TPD to sell an equivalent
generic drug through an ANDS. In certain cases, the TPD does not
require the manufacturer of a proposed drug that is claimed to be
equivalent to a drug that has already been approved for sale and
marketed, to conduct clinical trials; instead, the manufacturer
must satisfy the TPD that the drug is bioequivalent to the drug
that has already been approved and marketed.
The TPD
may deny approval or may require additional testing of a proposed
new drug if applicable regulatory criteria are not met. Product
approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards
is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reaches
the market. Contravention of Canada’s Food and Drugs Act and
Regulations can result in fines and other sanctions, including
product seizures and criminal prosecutions.
Proposals have been
made that, if implemented, would significantly change
Canada’s drug approval system. In general, the
recommendations emphasize the need for efficiency in Canadian drug
review. Proposals include establishment of a separate agency for
drug regulation and modeling the approval system on those found in
European Union countries. There is no assurance, however, that such
changes will be implemented or, if implemented, will expedite the
approval of new drugs.
The
Canadian government has regulations which can prohibit the issuance
of an NOC for a patented medicine to a generic competitor, provided
that the patentee or an exclusive licensee has filed a list of its
Canadian patents covering that medicine with the Minister of Health
and Welfare. After submitting the list, the patentee or an
exclusive licensee can commence a proceeding to obtain an order of
prohibition directed to the Minister prohibiting him or her from
issuing an NOC. The minister may be prohibited from issuing an NOC
permitting the importation or sale of a patented medicine to a
generic competitor until patents on the medicine expire or the
waiver of infringement and/or validity of the patent(s) in question
is resolved by litigation in the manner set out in such
regulations. There may be additional patents relating to a
company’s proposed manufacture, use or sale of a product that
could potentially prohibit such company’s proposed
commercialization of a drug compound.
Certain
provincial regulatory authorities in Canada have the ability to
determine whether the consumers of a drug sold within such province
will be reimbursed by a provincial government health plan for that
drug by listing drugs on formularies. The listing or non-listing of
a drug on provincial formularies may affect the prices of drugs
sold within provinces and the volume of drugs sold within
provinces.
Additional Regulatory Considerations
Sales
of our products by our licensees outside the United States and
Canada will be subject to regulatory requirements governing the
testing, registration and marketing of pharmaceuticals, which vary
widely from country to country.
Under
the U.S. Generic Drug Enforcement Act, ANDA applicants (including
officers, directors and employees) who are convicted of a crime
involving dishonest or fraudulent activity (even outside the FDA
regulatory context) are subject to debarment. Debarment is
disqualification from submitting or participating in the submission
of future ANDAs for a period of years or permanently. The Generic
Drug Enforcement Act also authorizes the FDA to refuse to accept
ANDAs from any company which employs or uses the services of a
debarred individual. We do not believe that we receive any services
from any debarred person.
In
addition to the regulatory approval process, pharmaceutical
companies are subject to regulations under provincial, state and
federal law, including requirements regarding occupational safety,
laboratory practices, environmental protection and hazardous
substance control, and may be subject to other present and future
local, provincial, state, federal and foreign regulations,
including possible future regulations of the pharmaceutical
industry. We believe that we are in compliance in all material
respects with such regulations as are currently in
effect.
Before
medicinal products can be distributed commercially, a submission
providing detailed information must be reviewed and approved by the
applicable government or agency in the jurisdiction in which the
product is to be marketed. The regulatory review and approval
process varies from country to country.
The
following chart shows the corporate relationship structure of
Intellipharmaceutics International Inc. and its three wholly-owned
subsidiaries, including jurisdictions of incorporation, as of March
31, 2021.
Property,
Plant and Equipment
On December 1,
2015, we entered into a lease agreement for a 25,000 square foot
facility located at 30 Worcester Road Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W
5X2 (“30 Worcester Road
Facility”), as well as a 40,000 square foot facility
on the adjoining property located at 22 Worcester Road, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M9W 5X2, both of which are owned indirectly by the
same landlord (“22 Worcester
Road Facility”, and together with 30 Worcester Road
Facility, the “Combined
Properties”) for a five-year term with a five-year
renewal option. We also had an option to purchase the Combined
Properties until November 30, 2020 based on a fair value purchase
formula. We use our 30 Worcester Road Facility as a cGLP research
laboratory, office space, and cGMP scale-up and small to
medium-scale manufacturing plant for solid oral dosage forms. The
30 Worcester Road Facility consists of approximately 4,900 square
feet for administrative space, 4,300 square feet for R&D, 9,200
square feet for manufacturing, and 3,000 square feet for
warehousing. On June 21, 2020, the Company entered into a lease
surrender agreement and vacated the property at 22 Worcester Road
on June 30, 2020. On August 20, 2020, the Company extended its
lease for the premises at 30 Worcester Road that it currently
operates from, for one year, commencing December 1, 2020, with an
option to continue on a month-to-month basis after November 30,
2021.
We
continually monitor our facility requirements in the context of our
needs and we expect these requirements to change commensurately
with our activities.
Item 4A.
Unresolved
Staff Comments
Not
applicable.
Operating
and Financial Review and Prospects
The
following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction
with the audited annual consolidated financial statements of the
Company and notes thereto. See “Item 18. Financial
Statements”. The consolidated financial statements have been
prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. All amounts are expressed in
United States dollars unless otherwise noted. Annual references are
to the Company’s fiscal years, which ended on November 30,
2020, 2019 and 2018.
Our
results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to
period in the past and are likely to do so in the future. We
anticipate that our quarterly and annual results of operations will
be impacted for the foreseeable future by several factors,
including the timing of approvals to market our product candidates
in various jurisdictions and any resulting licensing revenue,
milestone revenue, product sales, the number of competitive
products and the extent of any aggressive pricing activity,
wholesaler buying patterns, the timing and amount of payments
received pursuant to our current and future collaborations with
third parties, the existence of any first-to-file exclusivity
periods, and the progress and timing of expenditures related to our
research, development and commercialization efforts. Due to these
fluctuations, we presently believe that the period-to-period
comparisons of our operating results are not a reliable indication
of our future performance.
The following are selected financial data for the years ended
November 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
%
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Licensing
|
1,401,517
|
1,114,031
|
1,370,607
|
287,486
|
26%
|
(256,576)
|
-19%
|
|
Up-front
fees
|
-
|
2,366,485
|
342,124
|
(2,366,485)
|
-100%
|
2,024,361
|
592%
|
|
|
1,401,517
|
3,480,516
|
1,712,731
|
(2,078,999)
|
-60%
|
1,767,785
|
103%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
of goods sold
|
-
|
33,068
|
124,870
|
(33,068)
|
-100%
|
(91,802)
|
-74%
|
|
Gross
Margin
|
1,401,517
|
3,447,448
|
1,587,861
|
(2,045,931)
|
-59%
|
1,859,587
|
117%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
3,517,018
|
6,608,794
|
10,827,293
|
(3,091,776)
|
-47%
|
(4,218,499)
|
-39%
|
|
Selling,
general and administrative
|
2,147,432
|
4,167,801
|
3,476,450
|
(2,020,369)
|
-48%
|
691,351
|
20%
|
|
Depreciation
|
415,375
|
505,803
|
610,384
|
(90,428)
|
-18%
|
(104,581)
|
-17%
|
|
|
6,079,825
|
11,282,398
|
14,914,127
|
(5,202,573)
|
-46%
|
(3,631,729)
|
-24%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
(4,678,308)
|
(7,834,950)
|
(13,326,266)
|
3,156,642
|
-40%
|
5,491,316
|
-41%
|
|
Net
foreign exchange (loss) gain
|
(168,568)
|
(25,498)
|
8,592
|
(143,070)
|
561%
|
(34,090)
|
-397%
|
|
Interest
income
|
-
|
13,535
|
227
|
(13,535)
|
-100%
|
13,308
|
5863%
|
|
Interest
expense
|
(969,653)
|
(247,516)
|
(255,231)
|
(722,137)
|
292%
|
7,715
|
-3%
|
|
Financing
cost
|
-
|
-
|
(174,802)
|
-
|
N/A
|
174,802
|
-100%
|
|
Gain
on settlement of convertible debt
|
-
|
4,419
|
-
|
(4,419)
|
N/A
|
4,419
|
N/A
|
|
Gain
on settlement
|
2,500,000
|
-
|
-
|
2,500,000
|
N/A
|
-
|
N/A
|
|
Loss
on disposal of propery and equipment
|
(41,603)
|
-
|
-
|
(41,603)
|
N/A
|
-
|
N/A
|
|
Net
loss before income taxes
|
(3,358,132)
|
(8,090,010)
|
(13,747,480)
|
4,731,878
|
-58%
|
5,657,470
|
-41%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision
for income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
tax expense
|
32,833
|
5,678
|
-
|
27,155
|
478%
|
5,678
|
N/A
|
|
Deferred
tax recovery
|
-
|
(11,042)
|
-
|
11,042
|
-100%
|
(11,042)
|
N/A
|
|
Net
loss and comprehenisve loss
|
(3,390,965)
|
(8,084,646)
|
(13,747,480)
|
4,693,681
|
-58%
|
5,662,834
|
-41%
|
Year ended November 30, 2020 compared to the year ended November
30, 2019
Revenue
The
Company recorded revenues of $1,401,517 for the year ended November
30, 2020 versus $3,480,516 for the year ended November 30, 2019.
The revenues for the year ended November 30, 2020 consisted solely
of licensing revenues from commercial sales of generic Focalin
XR® under the Par agreement. The decrease in revenues in the
year ended November 30, 2020 compared to the year ended November
30, 2019 is primarily due to the recognition of $2,366,485 from
up-front fees in fiscal 2019, resulting from early termination of
the Mallinckrodt agreement on August 12, 2019 as compared to the
original ten-year term. Beginning in early 2018, we began to see a
significant impact on the revenue from sales of generic Focalin XR
from aggressive pricing by competitors, resulting in a marked
increase in gross-to-net deductions such as wholesaler rebates,
chargebacks and pricing adjustments which continues to date. While
the gross-to-net deductions fluctuate on a quarter over quarter
basis, profit share payments for the 2020 fiscal year improved over
the same period in 2019.
Cost of goods sold
The
Company recorded cost of goods sold of $Nil for the year ended
November 30, 2020 versus $33,068 for the year ended November 30,
2019. The decrease in the year ended November 30, 2020 is primarily
due to the termination of the Mallinckrodt agreement effective
August 12, 2019, and the fact that no goods were shipped under the
Tris Pharma agreements.
Research and Development
Expenditures for R&D for the year ended November 30, 2020 were
lower by $3,091,776 compared to the year ended November 30,
2019.
In the
year ended November 30, 2020, we recorded $60,446 of expenses for
stock-based compensation for R&D employees compared to $212,357
for the year ended November 30, 2019. After adjusting for the
stock-based compensation expenses discussed above, expenditures for
R&D for the year ended November 30, 2020 were lower by
$2,939,865 compared to the year ended November 30, 2019. The
decrease is due to a reduction in R&D staff, decrease in
material purchases and patent and litigation expenses, lower third
party consulting fees and a decrease in expenses related to
biostudies. During the year ended November 30, 2020, the Company
reduced its head count to 11 R&D employees compared to 26 for
the year ended November 30, 2019.
Selling, General and
Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $2,147,432 for
the year ended November 30, 2020 in comparison to $4,167,801 for
the year ended November 30, 2019, resulting in a decrease of
$2,020,369. The decrease is mainly due to a decrease in
administrative costs and a decrease in wages and marketing
costs.
Administrative
costs for the year ended November 30, 2020 were $1,515,646 in
comparison to $2,783,421 in the year ended November 30, 2019. The
decrease for the year ended November 30, 2020 was due to the
decrease in professional and legal fees.
Expenditures for
wages and benefits for the year ended November 30, 2020 were
$452,381 in comparison to $926,574 in the year ended November 30,
2019. For the year ended November 30, 2020, we recorded an expense
of $11,199 for stock-based compensation compared to $52,211 for the
year ended November 30, 2019. After adjusting for the stock-based
compensation expenses, expenditures for wages for the year ended
November 30, 2020 were lower by $433,181 compared to the year ended
November 30, 2019. During the year ended November 30, 2020, the
Company reduced its head count of administrative staff to 2
employees compared to 5 for the year ended November 30,
2019.
Marketing costs for
the year ended November 30, 2020 were $65,757 in comparison to
$324,586 in the year ended November 30, 2019. This decrease is
primarily the result of a decrease in travel and expenditures
related to business development and investor relations
activities.
Occupancy costs for
the year ended November 30, 2020 were $113,648 in comparison to
$133,220 for the year ended November 30, 2019. The decrease is due
to lower facility operating expenses, as the Company vacated one
building in the third quarter of 2020.
Depreciation
Depreciation
expenses for the year ended November 30, 2020 were $415,375 in
comparison to $505,803 in the year ended November 30, 2019. The
decrease is primarily due to less investment in production,
laboratory and computer equipment during the year ended November
30, 2020.
Foreign Exchange Loss
Foreign
exchange loss was $168,568 for the year ended November 30, 2020 in
comparison to $25,498 in the year ended November 30, 2019. The
foreign exchange loss for the year ended November 30, 2020 was due
to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar
during the year ended November 30, 2020 as the exchange rates
changed to $1.00 for C$1.2965 as at November 30, 2020 from $1.00
for C$1.3289 as at November 30, 2019. The foreign exchange loss for
the year ended November 30, 2019 was due to the weakening of the
U.S dollar against the Canadian dollar during the year ended
November 30, 2019 as the exchange rates changed to $1.00 for
C$1.3289 as at November 30, 2019 from $1.00 for C$1.3301 as at
November 30, 2018.
Interest Expense
Interest expense
for the year ended November 30, 2020 was $969,653 in comparison to
$247,516 in the year ended November 30, 2019. In the year ended
November 30, 2020, interest expense is accrued on the May 2019
Debenture at 12% annually, on the 2018 Debenture at 10% annually,
and on the November 2019 Debenture at 12% annually. In the year
ended November 30, 2019, interest expense was recorded on each of
the three Debentures above and on the August 2019 Debenture (as
defined below) at 8% annually. The increase in fiscal 2019 was a
result of the May 2019 Debenture being accreted at an annual
effective interest rate of approximately 782.7% from December 31,
2019 to January 31, 2019, the 2018 Debenture being accreted at an
annual effective interest rate of approximately 7.3% to September
1, 2020, and the November 2019 Debenture being accreted at an
annual effective interest rate of approximately 152.4% from
December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, 504.4% from January 31, 2020
to March 31, 2020, 72.4% from March 31, 2020 to May 15, 2020,
260.9% from May 15, 2020 to June 12, 2020, 211.4% from June 12,
2020 to July 15, 2020, and 40.0% from July 15, 2020 to August 31,
2020. In comparison, in fiscal 2019, the 2018 Debenture was
accreted an annual effective interest rate of 7.3%, the August 2019
Debenture was accreted at an annual effective interest rate of
approximately 77.1%, and the November 2019 Debenture was accreted
at an annual effective interest rate of approximately
152.4%.
Net Loss
The Company recorded a net loss for the year ended November 30,
2020 of $3,390,965 or $0.14 per common share, compared with a net
loss of $8,084,646 or $0.37 per common share for the year ended
November 30, 2019. The lower net loss for the year ended November
30, 2020 is attributed to an increase in licensing revenues from
commercial sales of generic Focalin XR®, other income received
through a stipulated dismissal agreement, as well as a decrease in
administrative expenses related to lower professional and legal
fees and R&D expenses related to decreased third party
consulting fees, lower expenses related to biostudies and the
reduction in the number of R&D employees.
Year Ended November 30, 2019 compared to the Year Ended November
30, 2018
Revenue
The Company recorded revenues of $3,480,516 for the year ended
November 30, 2019 versus $1,712,731 for the year ended November 30,
2018. Licensing revenue consisted primarily of commercial sales of
the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg strengths of generic
Focalin XR® under the Par agreement. The higher increased
revenue in the year ended November 30, 2019 compared to year ended
November 30, 2018 is primarily due to the change in contract term
with Mallinckrodt that terminated on August 12, 2019, and the
recognition of up-front fees on the termination of the Mallinckrodt
agreement.
We
entered into separate license and commercial supply agreements with
Tris, granting Tris exclusive licenses to market, sell and
distribute in the United States Quetiapine Extended-Release (ER)
Tablets in the 50, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mg strengths,
Desvenlafaxine Succinate ER Tablets in the 50 and 100 mg strengths
and Venlafaxine Hydrochloride ER Capsules 37.5 mg, 75 mg and 150
mg, which are all approved for sale in the US market by the
FDA.
Cost of goods sold
The
Company recorded cost of goods sold of $33,068 for the year ended
November 30, 2019 versus $124,870 for the year ended November 30,
2018. Cost of sales reflects the Company’s manufacturing
shipments of generic Seroquel XR® to
Mallinckrodt.
Research and Development
Expenditures for
R&D for the year ended November 30, 2019 were lower by
$4,218,499 compared to the year ended November 30, 2018. The
decrease is primarily due to significantly lower expenditures in
clinical and other biostudies, stock-based compensation as well as
patent litigation expenses partially offset by higher third-party
consulting fees.
In the
year ended November 30, 2019, we recorded $212,357 of expenses for
stock-based compensation for R&D employees compared to $883,064
for the year ended November 30, 2018.
After
adjusting for the stock-based compensation expenses discussed
above, expenditures for R&D for the year ended November 30,
2019 were lower by $3,547,792 compared to the year ended November
30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in
expenditures on clinical studies and other biostudies as well as
patent and litigation expenses and was partially offset by higher
third-party consulting fees.
Selling, General and
Administrative
Selling, general
and administrative expenses were $4,167,801 for the year ended
November 30, 2019 in comparison to $3,476,450 for the year ended
November 30, 2018, resulting in an increase of $691,351. The
increase is due to higher expenses related to administrative costs
partially offset by a decrease in marketing cost and wages and
benefits.
Administrative
costs for the year ended November 30, 2019 were $2,783,421 in
comparison to $1,793,724 in the year ended November 30, 2018. The
increase for the year ended November 30, 2019 was due to the
increase in professional and legal fees.
Expenditures for
wages and benefits for the year ended November 30, 2019 were
$926,574 in comparison to $1,124,568 in the year ended November 30,
2018. For the year ended November 30, 2019, we recorded an expense
of $52,211 against expense for stock-based compensation compared to
an expense of $44,622 for the year ended November 30, 2018. After
adjusting for the stock-based compensation expenses, expenditures
for wages for the year ended November 30, 2019 were lower by
$205,583 compared to the year ended November 30, 2018.
Marketing costs for
the year ended November 30, 2019 were $324,586 in comparison to
$421,401 in the year ended November 30, 2018. This decrease is
primarily the result of a decrease in travel expenditures related
to business development and investor relations
activities.
Occupancy costs for
the year ended November 30, 2019 were $133,220 in comparison to
$136,757 for the year ended November 30, 2018.
Depreciation
Depreciation
expenses for the year ended November 30, 2019 were $505,803 in
comparison to $610,384 in the year ended November 30, 2018. The
decrease is primarily due to less investment in production,
laboratory and computer equipment during the year ended November
30, 2019.
Foreign Exchange Gain
Foreign
exchange loss was $25,498 for the year ended November 30, 2019 in
comparison to a gain of $8,592 in the year ended November 30, 2018.
The foreign exchange loss for the year ended November 30, 2019 was
due to the weakening of the U.S dollar against the Canadian dollar
during the year ended November 30, 2019 as the exchange rates
changed to $1.00 for C$1.3289 as at November 30, 2019 from $1.00
for C$1.3301 as at November 30, 2018. The foreign exchange gain for
the year ended November 30, 2018 was due to the strengthening of
the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar during the year ended
November 30, 2018 as the exchange rates changed to $1.00 for
C$1.3301 as at November 30, 2018 from $1.00 for C$1.2888 as at
November 30, 2017.
Interest Income
Interest
income for the year ended November 30, 2019 was higher by $13,308
in comparison to the prior period. For the year ended November 30,
2019, interest was higher largely due to interest received on input
tax credit refunds under the SR&ED incentive program in the
third quarter of 2019.
Interest Expense
Interest expense
for the year ended November 30, 2019 was $247,516 in comparison to
$255,231 in the year ended November 30, 2018. This is primarily due
to interest paid in 2019 on the 2013 Debenture (as defined below)
and the May 2019 Debenture, which accrue interest at 12% annually,
interest paid on the 2018 Debenture, which accrues interest at 10%
annually, interest paid on the August 2019 Debenture, which accrues
interest at 8% annually and interest paid on the November 2019
Debenture, which accrues interest at 12% annually. This is in
addition to the 2018 Debenture being accreted at an annual
effective interest rate of approximately 7.3%, the August 2019
Debenture being accreted at an annual effective interest rate of
approximately 77.1% and the November 2019 Debenture being accreted
at an annual effective interest rate of approximately 152.4%. In
comparison, for the year ended November 30, 2018, the interest
expense was related to the interest paid on the 2013 Debenture
which accrues interest payable at 12% annually and the 2018
Debenture which accrued interest payable at 10% annually, and the
2018 Debenture being accreted at an annual effective interest rate
of approximately 7.3%.
Net Loss
The
Company recorded a net loss for the year ended November 30, 2019 of
$8,084,646 or $0.37 per common share, compared to a net loss of
$13,747,480 or $2.89 per common share for the year ended November
30, 2018. In the year ended November 30, 2019, the lower net loss
is attributed to the recognition of a larger portion of the
Mallinckrodt upfront fees due to the change in the term of the
contract with Mallinckrodt which terminated effective August 12,
2019 compared to the original ten-year term; combined with a
decrease in R&D expenses, offset by increased administrative
expense related to professional and legal fees. In the year ended
November 30, 2018, the higher net loss was attributed to the
recognition of a smaller portion of the Mallinckrodt upfront fees
combined with increased R&D expenses.
B.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
|
|
For the year ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 30,
|
November 30,
|
November 30,
|
|
|
|
|
2020
|
2019
|
2018
|
Change (2020 vs 2019)
|
Change (2019 vs 2018)
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
%
|
$
|
%
|
|
|
Cash flows provided from (used in) operating
activities
|
112,108
|
(6,663,677)
|
(12,508,960)
|
6,775,785
|
-102%
|
5,845,283
|
-47%
|
|
|
Cash flows provided from financing activities
|
-
|
100,896
|
17,354,954
|
(100,896)
|
-100%
|
(17,254,058)
|
-99%
|
|
|
Cash flows provided from (used in) investing
activities
|
25,316
|
(14,474)
|
(101,178)
|
39,790
|
-275%
|
86,704
|
-86%
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in cash
|
137,424
|
(6,577,255)
|
4,744,816
|
6,714,679
|
-102%
|
(11,322,071)
|
-239%
|
|
|
Cash, beginning of year
|
64,622
|
6,641,877
|
1,897,061
|
(6,577,255)
|
-99%
|
4,744,816
|
250%
|
|
|
Cash, end of year
|
202,046
|
64,622
|
6,641,877
|
137,424
|
213%
|
(6,577,255)
|
-99%
|
|
The Company had
cash of $202,046 as at November 30, 2020 compared to $64,622 as at
November 30, 2019. The increase in cash was mainly due to the
receipt of a payment under the Purdue stipulated dismissal
agreement as well as lower expenditures for R&D and selling,
general, and administrative expenses.
For the
year ended November 30, 2020, net cash flows provided from
operating activities increased to $112,108 as compared to net cash
flows used in operating activities of $6,663,677 for the year ended
November 30, 2019. The increase was primarily a result of the
significantly lower loss from operations as a result of recognizing
other income received pursuant to the Purdue stipulated dismissal
agreement, offset by significant decreases in R&D and selling,
general and administrative expense.
R&D
costs, which are a significant portion of the cash flows used in
operating activities, related to continued internal R&D
programs, are expensed as incurred. However, equipment and supplies
are capitalized and amortized over their useful lives if they have
alternative future uses. For the years ended November 30, 2020 and
November 30, 2019, R&D expenses were $3,517,018 and $6,608,794,
respectively. The decrease is primarily due to significantly
reduced third party consulting fees, decreased materials expenses
and patent expenses, decrease in expenses related to biostudies and
the reduction in R&D staff.
For the
year ended November 30, 2020, net cash flows provided from
financing activities were $Nil compared to $100,896 for the year
ended November 30, 2019. Net cash flows from financing activities
in the year ended November 30, 2019 related to the issuance of a
private placement financing of the unsecured August 2019 Debenture
in the principal amount of $140,800. The August 2019 Debenture was
to mature on August 26, 2020, bore interest at a rate of 8% per
annum, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company up
to 180 days from date of issuance with pre-payment penalties
ranging from 5% - 30% and was convertible at the option of the
holder into Common Shares. The Company incurred $15,800 in debt
issuance costs. In addition we issued two promissory notes payable,
unsecured, non-interest bearing with no fixed repayment terms, in
the amounts of US$6,500 and CDN$203,886, to Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr.
Amina Odidi, shareholders, directors and executive officers of the
Company, as well as, issuance of an unsecured November 2019
convertible debenture in the principal amount of $250,000, which
bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum and is convertible into
common shares of the Company at a conversion price of $0.12 per
share. Financing activities in the year ended November 30, 2019
also related to the issuance of 2,793,334 common shares on exercise
of 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants (as defined below) issued as part of
the October 2018 financing for gross proceeds of $27,953 offset by
the principal repayment of $300,000 made on the 2013 Debenture and
the repayment of $161,920 made on the August 2019 Debenture. In
October 2018, we completed an underwritten public offering in the
United States, resulting in the sale to the public of 827,970 Units
at $0.75 per Unit, which are comprised of one common share and one
warrant (the “2018 Unit
Warrants”) exercisable at $0.75 per share. We
concurrently sold an additional 1,947,261 common shares and
warrants to purchase 2,608,695 common shares exercisable at $0.75
per share (the “2018 Option
Warrants”) pursuant to the over-allotment option
exercised in part by the underwriter. The price for the common
shares issued in connection with exercise of the overallotment
option was $0.74 per share and the price for the warrants issued in
connection with the exercise of the overallotment option was $0.01
per warrant, less in each case the underwriting discount. In
addition, we issued 16,563,335 pre-funded units
(“2018 Pre-Funded
Units”), each 2018 Pre-Funded Unit consisting of one
pre-funded warrant (a “2018
Pre-Funded Warrant”) to purchase one common share and
one warrant (a “2018
Warrant”, and together with the 2018 Unit Warrants and
the 2018 Option Warrants, the “2018 Firm Warrants”) to purchase
one common share. The 2018 Pre-Funded Units were offered to the
public at $0.74 each and a 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable
at $0.01 per share. Each 2018 Firm Warrant is exercisable
immediately and has a term of five years and each 2018 Pre-Funded
Warrant is exercisable immediately and until all 2018 Pre-Funded
Warrants are exercised. We also issued warrants to the placement
agents to purchase 1,160,314 common shares at an exercise price of
$0.9375 per share, which were exercisable immediately upon issuance
(the “October 2018 Placement
Agent Warrants”). In aggregate, the Company issued
2,775,231 common shares, 16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants and
20,000,000 2018 Firm Warrants in addition to 1,160,314 October 2018
Placement Agent Warrants.
For the
year ended November 30, 2020, net cash flows provided from
investing activities was $25,316, which related to the sale of
equipment offset by the purchase of laboratory equipment. For the
year ended November 30, 2019, net cash flows used in investing
activities of $14,474 related mainly to the purchase of lab and
computer equipment.
All
non-cash items have been added back or deducted from the
consolidated statements of cash flows.
With the exception of
the quarter ended February 28, 2014, the Company has incurred
losses from operations since inception. To date, the Company has
funded its R&D activities principally through the issuance of
securities, loans from related parties, funds from the IPC
Arrangement Transaction and funds received under commercial license
agreements. Since November 2013, research has also been funded from
revenues earned on sales of our generic Focalin XR® capsules
for the 15 and 30 mg strengths. Despite the launch of the 25 and 35
mg strengths by Par in January 2017, the launch of the 10 and 20 mg
strengths in May 2017 along with the launch of the 5 and 40 mg
strengths in November 2017, we expect sales of generic Focalin
XR®, due to continued competitive pressures, to be negatively
impacted for the next several quarters. As of November 30, 2020,
our cash balance was $202,046. We
currently expect to meet our short-term cash requirements from
quarterly profit share payments from Par and by cost savings
resulting from reduced R&D activities and staffing levels. If
we are able to obtain sufficient funds to supply products to our
marketing and distribution partner, Tris Pharma, Inc. (“Tris
Pharma”) and it achieves sales of our generic Seroquel
XR®,
generic Pristiq®
and generic Effexor
XR®
products at anticipated rates, then we
may satisfy some of our cash needs with cost-saving measures. Even
if that occurs, we will still need to obtain additional funding to,
among other things, further product commercialization activities
and development of our product candidates. Potential sources of
capital may include, if conditions permit, equity and/or debt
financing, payments from licensing and/or development
agreements and/or new strategic partnership agreements. The
Company has funded its business activities principally through the
issuance of securities, loans from related parties (see
“Related Party Transactions” for more information
related to the terms of such loans and applicable maturities) and
funds from development agreements. There is no certainty that such
funding will be available going forward or, if it is, whether it
will be sufficient to meet our needs. Our future operations
are highly dependent upon our ability to source additional funding
to support advancing our product candidate pipeline through
continued R&D activities and to expand our operations. Our
ultimate success will depend on whether our product candidates are
approved by the FDA, Health Canada, or the regulatory authorities
of other countries in which our products are proposed to be sold
and whether we are able to successfully market our approved
products. We cannot be certain that we will receive such
regulatory approval for any of our current or future product
candidates, that we will reach the level of revenues necessary to
achieve and sustain profitability, or that we will secure other
capital sources on terms or in amounts sufficient to meet our
needs, or at all. Our cash requirements for R&D during any
period depend on the number and extent of the R&D activities we
focus on. At present, we are focused principally on the development
of 505(b)(2) product candidates, such as our Regabatin™ XR
and Oxycodone ER 505(b)(2) product candidates, and selected generic
product candidates as resources permit. Our development of
Oxycodone ER required significant expenditures, including costs to
defend against the Purdue (as defined below) litigation (as
described in the “Legal Proceedings and Regulatory
Actions” section). Some of these costs remain to be paid by
the Company. For our Regabatin™ XR product candidate,
Phase III clinical trials can be capital intensive, and will only
be undertaken consistent with the availability of funds and a
prudent cash management strategy. There can be no
assurance that we can raise sufficient funds to maintain current
operations or that we can obtain additional funding to further
commercialization activities or further development of our product
candidates.
On September 10, 2018, the
Company completed a private placement financing of the unsecured
convertible 2018 Debenture in the principal amount of $0.5 million.
The 2018 Debenture was originally scheduled to mature on September
1, 2020. The 2018 Debenture bears interest at a rate of 10% per
annum, payable monthly, is pre-payable at any time at the option of
the Company and is convertible at any time into common shares of
the Company at a conversion price of $3.00 per common share at the
option of the holder. The maturity date for the 2018 Debenture has
been extended from time to time and the maturity date for the 2018
Debenture is now May 31, 2021. No interest was paid on the 2018
Debenture for the year ended November 30, 2020.
On April 4, 2019, a tentative
approval from TSX was received for refinancing of the 2013
Debenture subject to certain conditions being met. As a result of
the refinancing, the principal amount owing under the 2013
Debenture was refinanced by a new debenture (the
“May 2019
Debenture”). On May 1, 2019, the May 2019 Debenture
was issued in the principal amount of $1,050,000, was originally
scheduled to mature on November 1, 2019, bears interest at a rate
of 12% per annum and is convertible into 1,779,661 common shares of
the Company at a conversion price of $0.59 per common share. Dr.
Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors, and
executive officers of the Company, are the holders of the May 2019
Debenture. The maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture has been
extended from time to time and the maturity date for the May 2019
Debenture is now May 31, 2021. No interest was paid on the May 2019
Debenture for the year ended November 30, 2020.
On August 26, 2019, the
Company completed a private placement financing of an unsecured
debenture in the principal amount of $140,800 with Power Up Lending
Group Ltd. (the “August 2019
Debenture”). The August 2019 Debenture was originally
scheduled to mature on August 26, 2020, bore interest at a rate of
8% per annum, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the
Company up to 180 days from date of issuance with pre-payment
penalties ranging from 5% - 30% and was convertible at the option
of the holder into common shares after 180 days at a conversion
price which was equal to 75% of the market price (defined as the
average of the lowest three (3) trading prices for the common
shares during the twenty (20) trading day period prior to the
conversion date). The Company incurred $15,800 in debt issuance
costs. In November 2019, the August 2019 Debenture was fully
paid.
On November 15, 2019, the
Company completed a private placement financing of the unsecured
November 2019 Debenture in the principal amount of $0.25 million.
The November 2019 Debenture was originally scheduled to mature on
December 31, 2019. The November 2019 Debenture bears interest at a
rate of 12% per annum, payable monthly, is pre-payable at any time
at the option of the Company and is convertible at any time into
common shares of the Company at a conversion price of $0.12 per
common share at the option of the holder. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr.
Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors and executive officers
of the Company provided the Company with the $0.25 million of
proceeds for the November 2019 Debenture. The maturity date for the
November 2019 Debenture has been extended from time to time and the
maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture is now May 31, 2021.
No interest was paid on the November 2019 Debenture for the year
ended November 30, 2020.
The
availability of equity or debt financing will be affected by, among
other things, the results of our R&D, our ability to obtain
regulatory approvals, our success in commercializing approved
products with our commercial partners and the market acceptance of
our products, the state of the capital markets generally, our
delisting from Nasdaq, strategic alliance agreements, and other
relevant commercial considerations. In addition, if we raise
additional funds by issuing equity securities, our then existing
security holders will likely experience dilution, and the incurring
of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations
and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants
that would restrict our operations. In the event that we do not
obtain sufficient additional capital, it will raise substantial
doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, realize our
assets and pay our liabilities as they become due. Our cash
outflows are expected to consist primarily of internal and external
R&D, legal and consulting expenditures to advance our product
pipeline and selling, general and administrative expenses to
support our commercialization efforts. Depending upon the results
of our R&D programs, the impact of the litigation against us
and the availability of financial resources, we could decide to
accelerate, terminate, or reduce certain projects, or commence new
ones. Any failure on our part to successfully commercialize
approved products or raise additional funds on terms favorable to
us or at all, may require us to significantly change or curtail our
current or planned operations in order to conserve cash until such
time, if ever, that sufficient proceeds from operations are
generated, and could result in us not taking advantage of business
opportunities, in the termination or delay of clinical trials or us
not taking any necessary actions required by the FDA or Health
Canada for one or more of our product candidates, in curtailment of
our product development programs designed to identify new product
candidates, in the sale or assignment of rights to our
technologies, products or product candidates, and/or our inability
to file ANDAs, ANDSs or NDAs at all or in time to competitively
market our products or product candidates.
C.
Research
and development, patents, and licenses, etc.
We
expense R&D costs. For the years ended November 30, 2020, 2019
and 2018, R&D expense was $3,517,018, $6,608,794 and
$10,827,293, respectively.
It is
important to note that historical patterns of revenue and
expenditures cannot be taken as an indication of future revenue and
expenditures. Net (loss) income has been somewhat variable over the
last eight quarters and is reflective of varying levels of
commercial sales of generic Focalin XR® capsules, the level of
our R&D spending, and the vesting or modification of
performance-based stock options. The higher net loss in the fourth
quarter of 2020 is primarily attributed to lower licensing revenue
and higher R&D expenses and selling, general and administrative
expenses. The higher net income in the third quarter of 2020 is
primarily attributed to other income received pursuant to the
Purdue stipulated dismissal agreement and lower R&D spending
and selling, general and administrative expenses. The lower net
loss in the second quarter of 2020 is primarily attributed to
slightly higher licensing revenue and lower R&D spending and
selling, general and administrative expenses. The higher net loss
in the first quarter of 2020 is primarily attributed to higher
accrued interest expense, higher general, selling, administrative
expenses, partially offset by higher licensing revenue and lower
R&D spending. The lower net loss in the fourth quarter of 2019
is primarily attributed to slightly higher licensing revenue and
lower R&D spending and selling, general and administrative
expenses. The lower net loss in the third quarter of 2019 is
primarily attributed to recognition of upfront revenue due to the
cancellation of the Mallinckrodt agreement, lower R&D spending
and selling, general and administrative expenses. The lower net
loss in the second quarter of 2019 is primarily attributed to
recognition of upfront revenue due to the cancellation of the
Mallinckrodt agreement and lower R&D spending offset by higher
selling, general and administrative expenses. The lower net loss in
the first quarter of 2019 is primarily attributed to lower R&D
spending offset by higher selling, general and administrative
expenses and licensing revenues.
The
table below outlines selected financial data for the eight most
recent quarters. The quarterly results are unaudited and have been
prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, for interim financial
information.
|
|
|
Revenue
|
Net (loss) income
|
(Loss) income per share
|
|
Quarter Ended
|
|
|
|
Basici
|
Dilutedi
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
November 30, 2020
|
|
299,442
|
(1,622,100)
|
(0.07)
|
(0.07)
|
|
August 31, 2020
|
|
328,781
|
1,026,941
|
0.04
|
0.04
|
|
May 31, 2020
|
|
395,740
|
(1,048,433)
|
(0.04)
|
(0.04)
|
|
February 29, 2020
|
|
377,554
|
(1,747,373)
|
(0.08)
|
(0.08)
|
|
November 30, 2019
|
|
232,519
|
(1,333,074)
|
(0.04)
|
(0.04)
|
|
August 31, 2019
|
|
1,689,941
|
(1,454,325)
|
(0.07)
|
(0.07)
|
|
May 31, 2019
|
|
1,214,520
|
(2,072,798)
|
(0.10)
|
(0.10)
|
|
February 28, 2019
|
|
343,536
|
(3,224,449)
|
(0.16)
|
(0.16)
|
(i)
Quarterly per share amounts may not sum due to
rounding
Off-balance
sheet arrangements
The
Company, as part of its ongoing business, does not participate in
transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated
entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred
to as structured finance or special purpose entities
(“SPE”), which
would have been established for the purpose of facilitating
off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or
limited purposes. As of November 30, 2020, the Company was not
involved in any material unconsolidated SPE
transactions.
Tabular
disclosure of contractual obligations
In the
table below, we set forth our enforceable and legally binding
obligations and future commitments and obligations related to all
contracts. Some of the figures we include in this table are based
on management’s estimate and assumptions about these
obligations, including their duration, the possibility of renewal,
anticipated actions by third parties, and other factors. Operating
lease obligations relate to the lease of premises for the Combined
Properties (as defined in Item 4.B. above), comprising the
Company’s premises that it operates from in the 30 Worcester
Road Facility (as defined in Item 4.B. above) as well as the
adjoining 22 Worcester Road Facility (as defined in Item 4.B.
above), which the Company previously occupied and is indirectly
owned by the same landlord On June 21, 2020, the Company entered
into a lease surrender agreement and vacated the 22 Worcester Road
Facility on June 30, 2020. On August 20, 2020, the Company extended
for one year its lease for the 30 Worcester Road Facility premises
that it currently operates from, commencing December 1, 2020, with
an option to continue on a month-to-month basis after November 30,
2021.
|
|
Payments Due by Period
|
|
|
Total
|
Less than 1 Year
|
1 - 3 Years
|
3 - 5 Years
|
More than 5 Years
|
|
Contractual
Obligations
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Accounts payable
|
4,103,966
|
4,103,966
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
1,780,272
|
1,780,272
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Employee costs payable
|
1,665,236
|
1,665,236
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Operating lease liability
|
163,904
|
163,904
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Convertible debentures
|
1,800,000
|
1,800,000
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Promissory notes payable
|
163,758
|
163,758
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total contractual obligations
|
9,677,136
|
9,677,136
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
See
“Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Information” in
the introduction to this annual report.
Directors,
Senior Management and Employees
Directors
and Senior Management
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The
name and province of residence of each of our directors and
officers as at the date hereof, the office presently held,
principal occupation, and the year each director first became a
director of the Company or its predecessor, IPC Ltd., are set out
below. Each director is elected to serve until the next annual
meeting of our shareholders or until his or her successor is
elected or appointed. Officers are appointed annually and serve at
the discretion of the Board.
|
Name and Province of Residence
|
Position held with the Company
|
Officer/Director Since
|
|
Dr. Isa
Odidi
Ontario,
Canada
|
Chairman
of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
|
September
2004
|
|
Dr.
Amina Odidi(1)
Ontario,
Canada
|
President,
Chief Operating Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer and
Director
|
September
2004
|
|
Norman
Betts(2),
New
Brunswick, Canada
|
Director(5)
|
January
2019
|
|
Shawn
Graham(3)
(4),
New
Brunswick, Canada
|
Director
|
May
2018
|
|
Kenneth
Keirstead(2)(3)(4)
New
Brunswick, Canada
|
Director
|
January
2006
|
|
Bahadur
Madhani(2)(3) Ontario,
Canada
|
Director
|
March
2006
|
|
Dr.
Patrick Yat
Ontario,
Canada
|
Vice-President,
Chemistry and Analytical Services
|
September
2004
|
Notes:
(1)
In addition to
serving as President and Chief Operating Officer (and as a
Director), Dr. Amina Odidi has (since the effective date of
Greg Powell’s resignation described below) assumed the
responsibilities of the Company’s Chief Financial
Officer.
(2)
Member of the Audit
Committee.
(3)
Member of the
Compensation Committee.
(4)
Member of the
Corporate Governance Committee.
(5)
Dr. Betts was
appointed a director of the Company on January 22, 2019 to fill the
vacancy created by the resignation of Dr. Eldon Smith.
Greg
Powell was appointed the Company’s Chief Financial Officer
effective February 11, 2019. Mr. Powell resigned as the
Company’s Chief Financial Officer on February 2, 2020
(effective March 4, 2020) for personal reasons.
Isa Odidi, Ph.D., MBA –
Chairman, CEO, Co-Chief Scientific Officer and Executive
Director
Dr. Isa
Odidi has served as Chairman of the Board of the Company and Chief
Executive Officer and Co-Chief Scientific Officer of the Company
since September 2004. In 1998, Dr. Odidi co-founded
Intellipharmaceutics Inc., the predecessor of publicly-traded
Intellipharmaceutics International Inc. From 1995 to 1998, Dr.
Odidi held positions, first as Director, then as Vice President of
Research of Drug Development and New Technologies, at Biovail
Corporation International, (now Valeant Pharmaceutical
International, Inc.), a drug delivery company. Dr. Odidi currently
holds a Chair as Professor of Pharmaceutical Technology at the
Toronto Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology in Canada and is an
Adjunct Professor at the Institute for Molecular Medicine in
California. Dr. Isa Odidi is also the Chairman of Smart
Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Ltd, China. Dr. Odidi holds a Bachelor of
Science degree in pharmacy from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, a
master of science in pharmaceutical technology, Ph.D. pharmaceutics
from the University of London, and his MBA from Joseph L. Rotman
School of Management, University of Toronto. He is also a graduate
of the Western Executive Program, Ivey School of Business at the
University of Western Ontario. Dr. Odidi was awarded an Honorary
Doctor of Science degree (Honoris causa) from the University of
Benin, Nigeria.
Amina Odidi, Ph.D. – President, COO, Co-Chief Scientific Officer
and Executive Director
Dr.
Amina Odidi has served as President, Chief Operating Officer and
Co-Chief Scientific Officer of the Company since September 2004. In
1998, Dr. Odidi co-founded Intellipharmaceutics Inc., the
predecessor of publicly-traded Intellipharmaceutics International
Inc. She has extensive experience developing and applying
proprietary technologies to the development of controlled-release
drug products for third-party pharmaceutical companies. She has
invented or co-invented various proprietary controlled delivery
devices for the delivery of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical,
biological, agricultural and chemical agents. In the past she has
worked for the pharmaceutical and health care industry. Dr. Odidi
has co-authored eight articles, papers and textbooks. Dr. Odidi
holds a bachelor of science in pharmacy, a master of science in
biopharmaceutics, and a Ph.D. in pharmaceutics from the University
of London.
Bahadur Madhani, CM – Non-Executive Director
Bahadur
Madhani, an accountant by training, has been a director since March
2006. Since 1983, Mr. Madhani’s principal occupation has been
President and CEO of Equiprop Management Limited, a Canadian
property management company of which he is the principal
shareholder. At present, he is also on the Board of the YMCA of
Toronto and YMCA Canada. He was previously a member of the advisory
board of Quebecor Ontario. He has also served as Chairman of United
Way of Toronto, Chairman of the YMCA of greater Toronto, and
Chairman of the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund of Canada. Mr.
Madhani was awarded membership in the Order of Canada in
2001.
Kenneth Keirstead – Non-Executive Director
Kenneth
Keirstead has served as a director of the Company since January
2006. Mr. Keirstead is educated in clinical biochemistry and
business administration. He has worked in the health care delivery
and pharmaceutical industries for over 45 years. Since 1998, Mr.
Keirstead’s principal occupation has been Executive Manager
of the Lyceum Group, a Canadian consulting services company
primarily active in the health care field, of which he is the
founder. In addition, he was President and CEO of Sanofi Winthrop
Canada Inc., General Manager of Squibb Medical Systems
International, President of Chemfet International and President of
Quinton Instruments, among other positions. He has published
studies and reports on health care and related
services.
Shawn Graham – Non-Executive
Director
Shawn
Graham has been a director of the Company since May 2018. Mr.
Graham is the President and CEO of G&R Holdings Inc., which
assists companies with developing and implementing global projects
and business alliance strategies with a special focus on
globalizing with China. From October 2006 until October 2010, Mr.
Graham served as 31st Premier of Province of New Brunswick. He is a
former Chair of the Council of The Federation, Co-chair of
Northeastern Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers, and Co-chair
of a Pan-Canadian trade mission to China. He is currently a member
of the advisory board of the faculty of business, University of New
Brunswick, Saint John as well as a national board member to Ducks
Unlimited Canada. Mr. Graham has been awarded an Honorary Doctor of
Laws Degree from the University of New Brunswick.
Norman Betts – Non-Executive
Director
Norman
Betts is a Professor, Faculty of Business Administration,
University of New Brunswick, a Chartered Professional Accountant
Fellow (FCPA) and a member of the Institute of Corporate Directors
(ICD). Dr. Betts currently serves as a director and member of the
audit committees of Tanzanian Royalty Exploration Corporation, 49
North Resources, Biotricity Inc. and Adex Mining Inc. He has
extensive public company and Crown Corporation experience including
having served on boards including Tembec Inc., New Brunswick Power
Corporation, and the Bank of Canada. He is also co-chair of
the board of trustees of the University of New Brunswick Pension
Plan for Academic Employees. Dr. Betts is a former Finance Minister
and Minister of Business New Brunswick with the Province of New
Brunswick. He was awarded a Ph.D. in Management from the School of
Business at Queens University in 1992.
From
March 2006 until June 2013, Dr. Norman Betts served as a director
of Starfield Resources Inc. (TSX: SRU) (“Starfield”). On August 22, 2013,
Starfield was the subject of a cease trade order issued by the
Ontario Securities Commission as a result of Starfield’s
failure to file, inter alia, its audited annual financial
statements, related management’s discussion and analysis and
officer certifications for the year ended February 28, 2013. The
order is still in effect. On April 18, 2013, Starfield’s
shares were delisted from the TSX. On July 2, 2013, Starfield
announced that it was deemed to have made an assignment in
bankruptcy, effective at the close of business on June 28, 2013 for
failure to file a proposal before the time for doing so had past
pursuant to the provisions of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act
(Canada). Starfield had previously filed a Notice of Intention to
Make a Proposal (“Notice of
Intention”) pursuant to the provisions of Part III of
the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). Pursuant to the Notice
of Intention, PriceWaterhouseCoopers Inc. (“PwC”) was appointed as the trustee
(“Proposal
Trustee”) in Starfield’s proposal proceedings.
Pursuant to an Order of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice
(Commercial List), the time for Starfield to file a proposal
expired at the end of the day on June 28, 2013. Starfield completed
a sale of substantially all of its assets related to its Ferguson
Lake Project in early June 2013. However, in consultation with the
Proposal Trustee, Starfield determined that it would not be able to
put forward a viable proposal and would not be filing a proposal by
the deadline. As a result, Starfield was deemed to have made an
assignment in bankruptcy at the end of the day on June 28, 2013.
PwC acted as the trustee in bankruptcy for Starfield.
Greg Powell, CPA-CGA – Former Chief Financial Officer
Greg
Powell served as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company from
February 2019 through to his resignation effective March 4,
2020. Mr. Powell has over 15 years of extensive experience as a
senior financial professional, in large as well as small scale
operations in industries ranging from international mining,
exploration and construction to technology sector operations in
multiple jurisdictions. In 2013, Mr. Powell became the Director of
Finance for ViXS System Inc. (now Pixelworks Canada), a multimedia
solutions innovator, where he was instrumental in streamlining the
financial reporting process to meet public company standards. In
August 2018, he became Director of Finance at Wave Financial, Inc.,
a private company that provides financial services for small
businesses. Mr. Powell is a Chartered Professional Accountant
– Certified General Accountant, and in 2012 was awarded
Fellowship in the Association of Chartered Certified
Accountants.
As of
March 31, 2021, the directors and executive officers of the Company
as a group owned, directly and indirectly, or exercise control or
direction over 583,028 common shares, representing approximately
2.46% of the issued and outstanding common shares of the Company
(and beneficially owned approximately 5,968,688 common shares
representing 20.54% of our common shares including common shares
issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options and the
conversion of the outstanding Debentures that are exercisable or
convertible within 60 days of the date hereof). Drs. Amina and Isa
Odidi, our President and Chief Operating Officer and our Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer, respectively, and Odidi Holdings Inc.,
a privately-held company controlled by Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi,
owned in the aggregate directly and indirectly 578,131 common
shares, representing approximately 2.44% of our issued and
outstanding common shares of the Company (and collectively
beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 5,699,791 common
shares representing 19.79% of our common shares including common
shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options and the
conversion of the outstanding Debentures that are exercisable or
convertible within 60 days of the date hereof). (Reference is made
to the section entitled “E. Share Ownership” under this
“Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees”
for additional information regarding the options to purchase common
shares held by directors and officers of the Company and the
Debentures held by Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi.).
Family Relationships
Except
Drs. Isa Odidi and Amina Odidi who are spouses to each other, there
are no other family relationships among any of our officers and
directors.
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Background – We are a
pharmaceutical company specializing in the research, development
and manufacture of novel and generic controlled-release and
targeted-release oral solid dosage drugs. Our patented
Hypermatrix™ technology is a multidimensional
controlled-release drug delivery platform that can be applied to
the efficient development of a wide range of existing and new
pharmaceuticals. Based on this technology platform, we have
developed several drug delivery systems and a pipeline of products
(some of which have received FDA approval) and product candidates
in various stages of development, including ANDAs filed with the
FDA (and one ANDS filed with Health Canada) and one NDA filing, in
therapeutic areas that include neurology, cardiovascular, GIT,
diabetes and pain. As of November 30, 2020, the Company had 13
full-time employees engaged in administration and research and
development.
Compensation Governance – The
Company’s Compensation Committee is comprised of three
directors, Messrs. Graham, Madhani and Keirstead, each of whom is
considered “independent” within the meaning of section
2.4 of Form 51-102F6 – Statement of Executive Compensation.
Each member of the Compensation Committee has sufficient experience
in order to make decisions on the suitability of the
Company’s compensation policies and practices.
The
Compensation Committee recommends compensation policies concerning
officers and senior management to the Board. The Corporate
Governance Committee recommends compensation policies concerning
independent directors to the Board. The Board makes the final
determinations regarding the adequacy and form of the compensation
for non-executive directors to ensure that such compensation
realistically reflects the responsibilities and risks involved,
without compromising a director’s independence. Further
details relating to the role and function of the Compensation
Committee and the Corporate Governance Committee is provided in
Item 6.C.
Risk Management – The Board is
responsible for identifying the principal risks of the
Company’s business and ensuring the implementation of
appropriate systems to manage these risks. Through the Compensation
Committee, the Board is involved in the design of compensation
policies to meet the specific compensation objectives discussed
below and considers the risks relating to such policies, if any.
The Compensation Committee is ultimately responsible for ensuring
compliance of the compensation policies and practices of the
Company. To date, the Board and the Compensation Committee have not
identified any risks arising from the Company’s compensation
policies and practices that would be reasonably likely to have a
material adverse effect on the Company.
Objectives – The overall
objectives of the Company’s compensation program include: (a)
attracting and retaining talented executive officers; (b) aligning
the interests of those executive officers with those of the
Company; and (c) linking individual executive officer compensation
to the performance of the Company. The Company’s compensation
program is currently designed to compensate executive officers for
performance of their duties and to reward certain executive
officers for performance relative to certain milestones applicable
to their services.
Elements of Compensation – The
elements of compensation awarded to, earned by, paid to, or payable
to the Named Executive Officers (as hereinafter defined) for the
most recently completed financial year are: (a) base salary and
discretionary bonuses; (b) long-term incentives in the form of
stock options; (c) restricted share unit awards; and (d)
perquisites and personal benefits. Prior to the most recently
completed financial year, the Named Executive Officers have also
received option-based awards which were assumed by the Company
pursuant to the plan of arrangement completed on October 22,
2009.
Base Salary and Discretionary Bonus
– Base salary is a fixed element of compensation payable to
each Named Executive Officer for performing his or her
position’s specific duties. The amount of base salary for a
Named Executive Officer has been determined through negotiation of
an employment agreement with each Named Executive Officer (see
“Employment Agreements” below). While base salary is
intended to fit into the Company’s overall compensation
objectives in order to attract and retain talented executive
officers, the size of the Company and the nature and stage of its
business also impact the level of base salary. To date, the level
of base salary has not impacted the Company’s decisions about
any other element of compensation and the Board may consider
discretionary bonuses for individual employees based on exceptional
performance by such individuals in a particular fiscal
year.
Option-Based Awards –
Option-based awards are a variable element of compensation that
rewards each Named Executive Officer for individual and corporate
performance overall determined by the Board. Option-based awards
are intended to fit into the Company’s overall compensation
objectives by aligning the interests of all Named Executive
Officers with those of the Company, and linking individual Named
Executive Officers’ compensation to the performance of the
Company. The Board, which includes two of the Named Executive
Officers, is responsible for setting and amending any equity
incentive plan under which an option-based award is
granted.
The
Company has in place a stock option plan (the “Option Plan”) for the benefit of
certain officers, directors, employees and consultants of the
Company, including the Named Executive Officers (as described in
greater detail in Item 6.E below). Named Executive Officers have
been issued options under such plan.
The
Company has also granted performance-based options to Dr. Isa Odidi
and Dr. Amina Odidi pursuant to a separate option agreement which
was negotiated at the same time as their employment agreements.
These options vest upon the Company attaining certain milestones
relating to FDA filings and approvals for Company drugs, such that
27,639 options vest in connection with each of the FDA filings for
the first five Company drugs and 27,639 options vest in connection
with each of the FDA approvals for the first five Company
drugs.
The
Company’s Option Plan was adopted effective October 22, 2009
as part of the IPC Arrangement Agreement approved by the
shareholders of IPC Ltd., the predecessor company of the Company,
at the meeting of shareholders held on October 19, 2009. Subject to
the requirements of the Option Plan, the Board, with the assistance
of the Compensation Committee, has the authority to select those
directors, officers, employees and consultants to whom options will
be granted, the number of options to be granted to each person and
the price at which common shares of the Company may be purchased.
Grants are determined based on individual and aggregate
performance, as determined by the Board.
RSUs – The Company established a
restricted share unit plan (the “RSU Plan”) to form part of its
incentive compensation arrangements available for officers and
employees of the Company and its designated affiliates (as
described in greater detail in Item 6.E) as of May 28, 2010, when
the RSU Plan received shareholder approval.
Perquisites and personal benefits
– The Company also provides perquisites and personal benefits
to its Named Executive Officers, including basic employee benefit
plans, which are available to all employees, and a car allowance to
cover the cost of an automobile for business purposes. These
perquisites and personal benefits were determined through
negotiation of an employment agreement with each Named Executive
Officer (see “Employment Agreements” below). While
perquisites and personal benefits are intended to fit into the
Company’s overall compensation objectives by serving to
attract and retain talented executive officers, the size of the
Company and the nature and stage of its business also impact the
level of perquisites and benefits. To date, the level of
perquisites and benefits has not impacted the Company’s
decisions about any other element of compensation.
Other Compensation-Related Matters
– The Company’s share trading policy prohibits all
directors and officers of the Company from, among other things,
engaging in any short sales designed to hedge or offset a decrease
in market value of the securities of the Company.
Executive Compensation
The
following table sets forth all direct and indirect compensation
for, or in connection with, services provided to the Company for
the fiscal years ended November 30, 2020, November 30, 2019 and
November 30, 2018 in respect of the Named Executive Officers
(current acting and former). No other officers of the Company
earned greater than C$150,000 in total compensation in the fiscal
year ended November 30, 2020.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
|
Non-equity
incentive plan compensation (U.S.$)(f)
|
|
Name and principal position(a)
|
Year(b)
|
Salary (U.S.$)(1)(c)
|
Share-based awards (U.S.$)(d)
|
Option-based awards (U.S.$)(2)(e)
|
Annual incentive plans(3)
|
Long-term incentive plans
|
Pension value (U.S.$)(g)
|
All other compensation (U.S.$)(4)(h)
|
Total compensation (U.S.$)(i)
|
|
Dr. Isa
Odidi, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Scientific
Officer
|
2020
2019
2018
|
$348,628
$340,130
$350,306
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
$104,373
$811,208
|
N/A
102,039
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
$13,883
$13,545
$13,950
|
$362,511
$560,087
$1,175,465
|
|
Dr.
Amina Odidi,
President,
Chief Operating Officer,
Co-Chief Scientific Officer and Acting Chief Financial
Officer
|
2020
2019
2018
|
$348,628
$340,130
$350,306
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
$104,373
$811,208
|
N/A
102,039
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
$13,883
$13,545
$13,950
|
$362,511
$560,087
$1,175,465
|
|
Dr.
Patrick Yat Vice-President, Chemistry and
Analytical Services
|
2020
2019
2018
|
$98,341
$112,875
$116,252
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
$6,612
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
$9,256
$9,030
$9,300
|
$107,597
$128,526
$125,552
|
|
Andrew
Patient, Former Chief Financial Officer (5)
|
2018
|
$232,504
|
N/A
|
$11,619
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
$13,950
|
$258,073
|
|
Greg
Powell,
Former
Chief Financial Officer (6)
|
2020
2019
2018
|
$73,926
$108,844
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
$6,620
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
$5,013
$13,545
N/A
|
$78,939
$129,009
N/A
|
Notes:
(1)
Salaries paid by
the Company to each Named Executive Officer are paid in Canadian
dollars. All amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars converted at the
exchange rate of U.S.$0.7713 to C$1.00 (2019 - U.S.$ 0.7525; 2018
– U.S. $0.7750) being the average closing exchange rate
quoted by the Bank of Canada for the respective periods. Salary
includes all amounts paid or payable to the Named Executive
Officer. Actual amounts paid to each Named Executive Officer in
fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 are as disclosed in the table. As at
November 30, 2020, compensation in the amounts of $453,717 and
$446,004 (including all other compensation) were payable to Dr. Isa
and Dr. Amina Odidi, respectively.
(2)
The Company entered
into a separate acknowledgement and agreement with Drs. Isa Odidi
and Amina Odidi dated October 22, 2009 to be bound by the
performance-based stock option agreement dated September 10, 2004
pursuant to which Drs. Isa Odidi and Amina Odidi were entitled to
purchase up to 276,394 of the Company’s common shares upon
payment of $36.20 per share, subject to satisfaction of the
performance vesting conditions. The value of the option-based
awards was determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model
calculated as at the award date. These options expired in September
10, 2020.
(3)
Amount awarded at
the discretion of the Board. The bonus was paid to Dr. Isa Odidi in
the second quarter of 2019; no bonuses were paid during the fiscal
year 2018.
(4)
“All other
compensation” includes car allowances and other miscellaneous
benefits.
(5)
Mr. Patient served
as the Company's Chief Financial Officer from September 6, 2017
until his resignation effective on November 30, 2018.
(6)
Mr. Powell served
as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer from February 11,
2019 until his resignation effective on March 4, 2020.
Significant factors
necessary to understand the information disclosed in the Summary
Compensation Table above include the terms of each Named Executive
Officer’s employment agreement and the terms of the separate
agreement relating to performance-based options applicable to Drs.
Isa and Amina Odidi described below.
Employment Agreements
The
employment agreement with Dr. Isa Odidi, the Chief Executive
Officer and Co-Chief Scientific Officer of the Company, effective
September 1, 2004, entitles Dr. Isa Odidi to receive a base salary
of $200,000 per year, which is paid in Canadian dollars, and is
increased annually each year during the term of the agreement by
20% of the prior year’s base salary. In addition, he is
entitled to: (a) participate in the Option Plan; (b) participate in
all employee benefit plans and programs, except for the
Company’s deferred share unit plan (the “DSU Plan”); and (c) a car
allowance of up to $1,000 per month. The initial term of the
employment agreement was until September 30, 2007, at which time,
pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the agreement was deemed to
be extended automatically for an additional three-year period on
the same terms and conditions (i.e. until September 30, 2010). The
agreement will continue to be extended automatically for successive
additional three-year periods on the same terms unless the Company
gives Dr. Isa Odidi written notice at least two years prior to the
date on which the agreement would otherwise be extended. See
“Termination and Change of Control Benefits” below. Dr.
Isa Odidi’s employment agreement was amended on August 1,
2007 and June 8, 2009 to include intellectual property,
non-competition and non-solicitation provisions. In April 2010, Dr.
Isa Odidi’s employment agreement was amended effective as of
December 1, 2009, to eliminate the right to annual increases in his
base salary of 20% each year and to roll back his base salary
effective December 1, 2009 to the level payable under the
employment agreement for the period from September 2008 to August
2009 or C$452,000 per year. Pursuant to such amendment, Dr. Isa
Odidi’s base salary is subject to increase on an annual basis
at the discretion of the Board, and Dr. Isa Odidi is eligible to
receive a bonus, based on his performance, and that of the Company,
as determined by the Board. In February 2012, Dr. Isa Odidi
received a grant of 30,000 options of which 20,000 vested
immediately on issuance and the remaining 10,000 vested on February
17, 2013 at an exercise price of C$32.70 per share. In August 2016,
Dr. Isa Odidi received a grant of 9,000 options of which 6,000
vested immediately on issuance, with the remaining 3,000 vested on
November 30, 2017 at an exercise price of C$24.20 per share. In
November 2017, Dr. Isa Odidi received a grant of 7,000 options of
which 2,333 vested immediately on issuance, 2,333 vested on
November 30, 2018 and 2,334 vested on November 30, 2019 at an
exercise price of C$11.50 per share. In March 2019, Dr. Isa Odidi
received a grant of 500,000 options of which 166,667 vested
immediately on issuance, 166,667 vested on March 20, 2020 and
166,666 vested on March 20, 2021 at an exercise price of C$0.35 per
share.
The
employment agreement with Dr. Amina Odidi, the President, Chief
Operating Officer and Co-Chief Scientific Officer of the Company,
effective September 1, 2004, entitles Dr. Amina Odidi to receive a
base salary of $200,000 per year, which is paid in Canadian
dollars, and is increased annually by 20% of the prior year’s
base salary. In addition, she is entitled to: (a) participate in
the Option Plan; (b) participate in all employee benefit plans
and programs, except for the DSU Plan; and (c) a car allowance of
up to $1,000 per month. The initial term of the employment
agreement was until September 30, 2007, at which time, pursuant to
the terms of the agreement, the agreement was deemed to be extended
automatically for an additional three-year period on the same terms
and conditions (i.e. until September 30, 2010). The agreement will
continue to be extended automatically for successive additional
three-year periods on the same terms unless the Company gives Dr.
Amina Odidi written notice at least two years prior to the date on
which the agreement would otherwise be extended. See
“Termination and Change of Control Benefits” below. Dr.
Amina Odidi’s employment agreement was amended on August 1,
2007 and June 8, 2009 to include intellectual property,
non-competition and non-solicitation provisions. In April 2010, Dr.
Amina Odidi’s employment agreement was amended effective as
of December 1, 2009, to eliminate the right to annual increases in
her base salary of 20% each year and to roll back her base salary
effective December 1, 2009 to the level payable under the
employment agreement for the period from September 2008 to August
2009, being C$452,000 per year. Pursuant to such amendment, Dr.
Amina Odidi’s base salary is subject to increase on an annual
basis at the discretion of the Board, and Dr. Amina Odidi is
eligible to receive a bonus, based on her performance and the
Company, as determined by the Board. In February 2012,
Dr. Amina Odidi received a grant of 30,000 options of which
20,000 vested immediately on issuance and the remaining 10,000
vested on February 17, 2013 at an exercise price of C$32.70 per
share. In August 2016, Dr. Amina Odidi received a grant of 9,000
options of which 6,000 vested immediately on issuance, with the
remaining 3,000 vested on November 30, 2017 at an exercise price of
C$24.20 per share. In November 2017, Dr. Amina Odidi received a
grant of 7,000 options of which 2,333 vested immediately on
issuance, 2,333 vested on November 30, 2018 and 2,334 vested on
November 30, 2019 at an exercise price of C$11.50 per share. In
March 2019, Dr. Amina Odidi received a grant of 500,000 options of
which 166,667 vested immediately on issuance, 166,667 vested on
March 20, 2020 and 166,666 vested on March 20, 2021 at an exercise
price of C$0.35 per share.
In
addition, the Company entered into a separate acknowledgement and
agreement with Drs. Isa Odidi and Amina Odidi dated October 22,
2009 to be bound by the performance-based stock option agreement
dated September 10, 2004 pursuant to which Drs. Isa Odidi and Amina
Odidi are entitled to purchase up to 276,394 of the Company’s
common shares. These options were not granted under the Option
Plan. These options vest upon the Company attaining certain
milestones related to the FDA filings and approvals for Company
products and product candidates. The options are exercisable at a
price of $36.20 per share and were to expire in September 2014.
Effective March 27, 2014, the Company’s shareholders approved
a two year extension of the performance-based stock option expiry
date to September 2016. Effective April 19, 2016, the
Company’s shareholders approved a further two year extension
of the performance-based stock option expiry date to September
2018. Effective May 15, 2018, the Company’s shareholders
approved a further two year extension of the performance-based
stock option expiry date to September 2020. As of November 30,
2020, these options have expired.
The employment agreement with Dr. Patrick Yat,
Vice President, Chemistry and Analytical Services of the Company,
effective September 1, 2004 entitles Dr. Yat to receive a base
salary of C$150,000 per year, which is paid in Canadian dollars. In
addition, he is entitled to: (a) participate in the Option Plan;
(b) participate in all employee benefit plans and programs; and (c)
a car allowance of C$1,000 per month. The employment agreement is
for an indefinite term. Dr. Yat’s employment agreement
contains intellectual property, non-competition and
non-solicitation provisions in favor of the Company. In May
2011, Dr. Yat received a grant of 5,000 options of which
1,667 vested on November 30, 2011, 1,666 options vested on November
30, 2012 and the remaining 1,666 vested on November 30, 2013 at an
exercise price of C$38.20 per share. In August 2016, Dr. Yat
received a grant of 2,500 options of which 1,700 vested immediately
on issuance, with the remaining 800 vested on November 30, 2017 at
an exercise price of C$24.20 per share. In November 2017, Dr. Yat
received a grant of 1,500 options of which 500 vested immediately
on issuance, 500 vested on November 30, 2018 and 500 vested on
November 30, 2019 at an exercise price of C$11.50 per share. In
March 2019, Dr. Yat received a grant of 40,000 options of which
13,334 vested immediately on issuance, 13,333 vested on March 20,
2020 and 13,333 vested on March 20, 2021 at an exercise price of
C$0.35 per share.
Andrew Patient had served as the Company’s
Chief Financial Officer from September 6, 2017 until his
resignation effective on November 30, 2018. The employment
agreement with Andrew Patient, dated August 30, 2017, effective
September 6, 2017, entitled Mr. Patient to receive a base salary of
C$300,000, which was paid in Canadian dollars, per year. In
addition, he was entitled to: (a) participate in the Option Plan;
(b) participate in all employee benefit plans and programs; and (c)
a car allowance of C$1,500 per month. The agreement provided for
automatic renewal on December 31 each year from year to year in
absence of notice of termination from the Company at least 90 days
prior to the end of the then applicable term. If the agreement was terminated without cause, it
required payment to Mr. Patient of 3 months' base salary, plus 6
weeks' base salary for every full year of service, up to a combined
maximum of 12 months. If such termination occurred within six
months of a change of control of the Company, it required payment
to Mr. Patient of thirteen months' base salary, plus 6 weeks' base
salary for every full year of service, up to a combined maximum of
18 months. Mr. Patient’s employment agreement contains
intellectual property, non-competition and non-solicitation
provisions in favor of the Company. Mr. Patient was granted
6,000 options, of which 2,000
vested immediately on issuance,
2,000 vested on October 20, 2018 and
the remaining 2,000 were to
vest on October 20, 2019 at an exercise price of C$12.70
per share. In November 2017, Mr.
Patient received a grant of 1,500 options of which 500 vested immediately on issuance, 500
to vest on November 30, 2018 and the
remaining 500 to vest on
November 30, 2019 at an exercise price of C$11.50
per share. Mr. Patient’s options
ceased to be exercisable on March 30, 2019.
As Mr. Patient resigned, no payment
was made to him in connection with the termination of his
employment.
Greg Powell had served as the Company’s
Chief Financial Officer from February 11, 2019 until his
resignation effective on March 4, 2020. The employment agreement
with Mr. Powell, effective
February 11, 2019 entitled Mr. Powell to receive a base salary of
C$180,000 per year. In addition, he was to: (a) participate in the
Option Plan; (b) participate in all employee benefit plans and
programs; and (c) have a car allowance of C$1,000 per month. The
employment agreement was for an indefinite term. The Company could
terminate this agreement without cause upon 3 to 12 months’
notice, depending on the length of employment. If the agreement was
terminated without cause, it required payment to Mr. Powell of 3
months' base salary, plus 6 weeks' base salary for every full year
of service, up to a combined maximum of 12 months. If such
termination occurred within 6 months of a change of control of the
Company, it required payment to Mr. Powell of 12 months' base
salary, plus 6 weeks' base salary for every full year of service,
up to a combined maximum of 12 months. Mr. Powell’s
employment agreement contained intellectual property,
non-competition and non-solicitation provisions in favor of the
Company. In March 2019, Mr. Powell received a grant of
40,000 options of which 13,334 vested immediately on issuance,
13,333 were to vest on March 20, 2020 and 13,333 will vest on March
20, 2021 at an exercise price of C$0.35 per share. Mr. Powell’s options ceased to be
exercisable on July 2, 2020. As Mr. Powell resigned, no payment was made to him
in connection with the termination of his
employment.
John
Allport had served as the Company’s Vice President Legal
Affairs and Licensing and as a director from September 2004 until
his resignation effective on May 17, 2017. The employment agreement
with Mr. Allport, effective September 1, 2004, provided for Mr.
Allport to receive a base salary of C$95,000, which was paid in
Canadian dollars, per year. In addition, he was entitled to: (a)
participate in the Option Plan; (b) participate in all employee
benefit plans and programs; and (c) a car allowance of C$1,000 per
month. The employment agreement was for an indefinite term subject
to termination on six months’ notice. In December 2011, Mr.
Allport’s base salary was increased to C$145,000. In February
2012, Mr. Allport received a grant of 25,000 options of which
17,500 vested immediately on issuance and the remaining 7,500
options vested on February 17, 2013 at an exercise price of C$32.70
per share. Mr. Allport’s employment agreement included
intellectual property, non-competition and non-solicitation
provisions in favor of the Company. In August 2016, Mr. Allport
received a grant of 5,500 options of which 3,700 vested on
issuance, with the remaining 1,800 vested on November 30, 2017 at
an exercise price of C$24.20 per share. Mr. Allport entered into a
consulting agreement with the Company effective May 17, 2017 to
provide on-going services to the Company on an as-needed basis. The
consulting agreement provides that Mr. Allport is to serve as a
consultant to the Company to provide pharmaceutical business
consulting services when requested from time to time. The agreement
is terminable by either the Company or Mr. Allport on less than
one-month notice and provides for such consideration as is mutually
agreed from time to time. The consulting agreement includes
intellectual property, non-competition and non-solicitation
provisions in favor of the Company.
Incentive Plan Awards
Outstanding Option-Based Awards and
Share-Based Awards – The following table sets forth
for .each Named Executive Officer. all awards outstanding at the
end of the most recently completed financial year, including awards
granted before the most recently completed financial year. Each
option grant allows the holder to purchase one of the
Company’s common shares.
|
|
Option-based
Awards
|
Share-based
Awards
|
|
Name(a)
|
Number
of securities underlying unexercised options (#)(b)
|
Option
exercise price (C$)(c)
|
Option
expiration date(d)
|
Value
of unexercised in-the-money options (C$)(e)(2)
|
Number
of shares or units of shares that have not vested
(#)(f)
|
Market
or payout value of share-based awards that have not vested
(C$)(g)
|
|
Dr. Isa
Odidi
|
30,000
9,000
7,000
500,000
|
32.70
24.20
11.50
0.35
|
Feb.
16, 2022
Aug.
31, 2021
Nov.
30, 2022
Mar.
20, 2029
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
|
Dr.
Amina Odidi
|
30,000
9,000
7,000
500,000
|
32.70
24.20
11.50
0.35
|
Feb.
16, 2022
Aug.
31, 2021
Nov.
30, 2022
Mar.
20, 2029
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
|
John Allport(1)
|
25,000
5,500
|
32.70
24.20
|
Feb.
16, 2022
Aug.
31, 2021
|
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
|
|
Dr.
Patrick Yat
|
5,000
2,500
1,500
40,000
|
38.20
24.20
11.50
0.35
|
May 24,
2021
Aug.
31, 2021
Nov.
30, 2022
Mar.
20, 2029
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
Notes:
(1)
Mr. Allport, a
consultant to the Company, served as the Company’s Vice
President Legal Affairs and Licensing and as a director from
September 2004, until his resignation May 17, 2017.
(2)
The value of
unexercised options at year-end is calculated by subtracting the
option exercise price from the closing price of the common shares
of the Company on the TSX for C$ exercise prices and OTCQB for US$
exercise prices on November 30, 2020 (C$0.16 and US$0.13,
respectively) and multiplying the result by the number of common
shares underlying an option.
Incentive Plan Awards – Value
Vested or Earned During the Year – The following table sets
forth details of the value vested or earned during the most
recently completed financial year for each incentive plan
award.
|
Name
|
Option-based awards - Value vested during the year
(U.S.$)
|
Share-based awards - Value vested during the year
(U.S.$)
|
Non-equity incentive plan compensation - Value earned during the
year (U.S.$)
|
|
(a)
|
(b)(1)
|
(c)
|
(d)
|
|
Drs.
Isa Odidi
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Dr.
Amina Odidi
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Dr.
Patrick Yat
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Greg
Powell(2)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Notes:
(1)
The amount
represents the theoretical total value if the options had been
exercised on the vesting date, established by calculating the
difference between the closing price of the common shares of the
Company on the TSX on the vesting date and the exercise
price.
(2)
Mr. Powell served
as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer from February 11,
2019 until his resignation effective March 4, 2020. Mr.
Powell’s options expired as of July 2, 2020.
Pension Plan Benefits
The
Company does not provide a defined benefit pension plan or a
defined contribution pension plan for any of its Named Executive
Officers, nor does it have a deferred compensation pension plan for
any of its Named Executive Officers. There are no amounts set aside
or accrued by the Company or its subsidiaries to provide pension,
retirement or similar benefits.
Termination and Change of Control Benefits
The
employment agreement with each of Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi
(collectively the “Odidis”), by virtue of it being a
fixed-term agreement with automatic renewal provisions, effectively
provides for payments to the Odidis following termination of the
employment agreement unless the agreement has been terminated in
accordance with its terms. As a result, if either of the Odidis had
been terminated on the last business day of the Company’s
most recently completed fiscal year, it is estimated that an amount
of up to approximately C$1.7 million would be payable to each of
the Odidis, which is the amount that would have been payable
through to September 30, 2022, at each of the Odidis’ current
annual base salary level. Given their nature as fixed term
employment agreements, if notice is properly provided to not renew
the agreement following the term ending September 30, 2022, then as
such date approaches the amount payable upon termination to the
Odidis will decrease to the point where no amount would be payable
upon termination as at September 30, 2022. Any termination of the
employment of the Odidis must be undertaken by and is subject to
the prior approval of the Board. There are no payments applicable
under the employment agreements of the Odidis relating to a change
of control of the Company.
For a
discussion of certain termination and change of control benefits
under the employment agreement with Mr. Patient and Mr. Powell, see
the description of their employment agreements under the heading
“Employment Agreements” above.
Director Compensation
The
following table sets forth all amounts of compensation provided to
the non-executive directors for the Company’s most recently
completed financial year.
|
Name
|
Fees earned
|
Share-based awards
|
Option-based awards
|
Non-equity incentive plan compensation
|
Pension value
|
All other compensation
|
Total
|
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
(c)(1)
|
(d)
|
(e)
|
(f)
|
(g)
|
(h)
|
|
Kenneth
Keirstead
|
C$44,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
C$44,000
|
|
Bahadur
Madhani
|
C$54,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
C$54,000
|
|
Shawn
Graham
|
C$42,500
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
C$42,500
|
|
Norman
Betts
|
C$41,500
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
C$41,500
|
Notes:
(1)
DSUs that were
earned. Does not include DSUs earned in the previous financial year
and granted in the most recently completed financial
year.
Significant factors
necessary to understand the information disclosed in the Director
Compensation Table above include the following: Non-management
directors receive an annual retainer of $25,000 paid in Canadian
dollars. The Audit Committee chair receives an annual retainer of
$10,000 paid in Canadian dollars. The Corporate Governance
Committee chair and Compensation Committee Chair, each receives an
annual retainer of $5,000 paid in Canadian dollars. Non-chair
committee members are paid an additional $2,500 per year per
committee paid in Canadian dollars. Meetings will result in an
additional $1,000 per day per meeting paid in Canadian
dollars.
Outstanding Option-Based Awards and
Share-Based Awards – The following table sets forth
all amounts of option-based and share-based awards to the
non-executive directors for the Company’s most recently
completed financial year.
|
|
Option-based Awards
|
Share-based Awards
|
|
Name
|
Number of securities underlying unexercised options
(#)
|
Option exercise price
|
Option expiration date
|
Value of unexercised in-the-money options (U.S.$)
|
Number of shares or units of shares that have not vested
(#)
|
Market or payout value of share-based awards that have not vested
(U.S.$)
|
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
(c)
|
(d)
|
(e)
|
(f)
|
(g)
|
|
Kenneth
Keirstead
|
3,500
4,000
60,000
|
C$24.20
C$11.50
C$0.35
|
Aug.
31, 2021
Nov.
30, 2022
Mar.
20, 2029
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
|
Bahadur
Madhani
|
3,500
4,000
60,000
|
C$24.20
C$11.50
C$0.35
|
Aug.
31, 2021
Nov.
30, 2022
Mar.
20, 2029
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
N/A
N/A
N/A
|
|
Shawn
Graham
|
40,000
|
C$0.35
|
Mar.
20, 2029
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Norman
Betts
|
40,000
|
C$0.35
|
Mar.
20, 2029
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Notes:
(1)
The value of
unexercised options at year-end is calculated by subtracting the
option exercise price from the closing price of the common shares
of the Company on the TSX on November 30, 2020 (C$0.16) and
multiplying the result by the number of common shares underlying an
option.
Incentive Plan
Awards – Value Vested or Earned During the Year
– The following table sets forth all amounts of option-based
and share-based awards vested to the non-executive directors of the
Company for the most recently completed financial year and no
non-equity incentive plan compensation was earned during the most
recently completed financial year.
|
Name
|
Option-based awards - Value vested during the year
(U.S.$)
|
Share-based awards - Value vested during the year
(U.S.$)
|
Non-equity incentive plan compensation - Value earned during the
year (U.S.$)
|
|
(a)
|
(b)(1)
|
(c)(2)
|
(d)
|
|
Kenneth
Keirstead
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Nil
|
|
Bahadur
Madhani
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Nil
|
|
Shawn
Graham
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Nil
|
|
Norman
Betts
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Nil
|
Notes:
(1)
The amount
represents the theoretical total value if the options had been
exercised on the vesting date, established by calculating the
difference between the closing price of the common shares of the
Company on the TSX on the vesting date and the exercise
price.
(2)
The amount
represents the theoretical total value of DSUs which were fully
vested on their respective dates of issuance. DSUs are issued at
the calculated market value of a common share on the date of
issuance.
Directors’ and Officers’ Liability
Insurance
The
Company maintains insurance for the liability of its directors and
officers arising out of the performance of their duties. The total
amount of such insurance maintained is $5,500,000 subject to a
deductible loss payable by the Company of $1,500,000 (for
securities claims) or $1,000,000 (for other claims). The premium
payable by the Company for the period from November 30, 2020 to
November 30, 2021 is $99,000.
Board of Directors
See
Items 6.A and 6.B.
Committees of the Board of Directors
AUDIT COMMITTEE
The
Audit Committee of the Board monitors our financial activities,
policies, and internal control procedures. The Audit Committee
assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibility to
shareholders, potential shareholders, the investment community, and
others with respect to the Company’s financial statements,
financial reporting process, systems of internal accounting and
disclosure controls, performance of the external auditors, and risk
assessment and management. The Audit Committee has the power to
conduct or authorize investigations into any matters within its
scope of responsibilities, with full access to all books, records,
facilities and personnel of the Company, its auditors and its legal
advisors. In connection with such investigations or otherwise in
the course of fulfilling its responsibilities under the Audit
Committee Charter, the Audit Committee has the authority to
independently retain special legal, accounting, or other
consultants to advise it.
Audit Committee Charter
The
charter of the Audit Committee can be found on the Company’s
website at www.intellipharmaceutics.com.
Composition of the Audit Committee
Our
Audit Committee is comprised of Norman Betts, Kenneth Keirstead and
Bahadur Madhani, each of whom is considered independent and
financially literate (as such terms are defined under applicable
Canadian securities legislation) and satisfies the independence
criteria of Rule 10A3-(b)(1) under the U.S. Exchange Act. The
members of the Audit Committee have selected a Chair from amongst
themselves, being Mr. Madhani.
Under
the SEC rules implementing SOX, Canadian issuers filing reports in
the United States must disclose whether their audit committees have
at least one “audit committee financial expert”.
Additionally, under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A), Nasdaq
requires that one member of the audit committee be financially
sophisticated, meaning that such member must have “past
employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite
professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable
experience or background which results in the individual’s
financial sophistication, including being or having been a chief
executive officer, chief financial officer or other senior officer
with financial oversight responsibilities.” The Board has
determined that Mr. Madhani qualifies as an audit committee
financial expert under the applicable SEC rules and as financially
sophisticated under the applicable Nasdaq rules.
Relevant Education and Experience
Norman
Betts is a Professor, Faculty of Business Administration,
University of New Brunswick, a Chartered Professional Accountant
Fellow (FCPA) and a member of the Institute of Corporate Directors
(ICD). Dr. Betts currently serves as a director and member of the
audit committees of Tanzanian Royalty Exploration Corporation, 49
North Resources, Biotricity Inc. and Adex Mining Inc. He has
extensive public company and Crown Corporation experience including
having served on boards including Tembec Inc., New Brunswick Power
Corporation, and the Bank of Canada. He is also co-chair of
the board of trustees of the University of New Brunswick Pension
Plan for Academic Employees. Dr. Betts is a former Finance Minister
and Minister of Business New Brunswick with the Province of New
Brunswick. He was awarded a Ph.D. in Management from the School of
Business at Queens University in 1992.
Kenneth
Keirstead is educated in clinical biochemistry as a graduate of the
Pathology Institute in Halifax; and business administration, as a
graduate of the College of William and Mary and Columbia
University. Mr. Keirstead has been a director of the Company
since January 2006. He has worked in the healthcare delivery and
pharmaceutical industries for over 45 years. He was President and
CEO of Sanofi Winthrop Canada Inc.; General Manager of Squibb
Medical Systems International; President of Chemfet International
and President of Quinton Instruments among other positions. Mr.
Keirstead has published studies and reports on healthcare and
related services topics. Since 1998, Mr. Keirstead’s
principal occupation has been as Executive Manager of the Lyceum
Group, a Canadian consulting services company primarily active in
the healthcare field, of which Mr. Keirstead is the
founder.
Bahadur
Madhani is a chartered accountant who has been a director of the
Company since March 31, 2006. He was a member of the advisory board
of Quebecor Ontario and former Chairman of United Way of Toronto,
former Chair of YMCA of Greater Toronto, former Chair of Nelson
Mandela Children’s Fund Canada, former Chair of YMCA Canada
and former Chair, Toronto Grants Review Team of the Ontario
Trillium Foundation. He was awarded membership in the Order of
Canada in 2001. Since 1983, Mr. Madhani’s principal
occupation has been as President and CEO of Equiprop Management
Limited, a Canadian property management company of which
Mr. Madhani is the principal shareholder.
See
also Item 6.A.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The
Audit Committee reviewed with the independent auditor (who is
responsible for expressing an opinion on the conformity of the
Company’s audited financial statements with U.S. GAAP) their
judgments as to the quality, not just the acceptability, of the
Company’s accounting principles and such other matters as are
required to be discussed with the Audit Committee under Canadian
and United States generally accepted auditing standards. In
addition, the Audit Committee has discussed with the independent
auditor the auditor’s independence from management and the
Company including the matters in the written disclosures provided
to the Audit Committee by the independent auditor, and considered
the compatibility of non-audit services with the auditor’s
independence.
The
Company’s independent auditor is accountable to the Board and
to the Audit Committee. The Board, through the Audit Committee, has
the ultimate responsibility to evaluate the performance of the
independent auditor, and through the shareholders, to appoint,
replace and compensate the independent auditor. Under SOX, the
independent auditor of a public company is prohibited from
performing certain non-audit services. The Audit Committee has
adopted procedures and policies for the pre-approval of non-audit
services, as described in the Audit Committee Charter. Under the
terms of such policies and procedures, the Audit Committee has
adopted a list of pre-approved services, including audit and
audit-related services and tax services, and a list of prohibited
non-audit services deemed inconsistent with an auditor’s
independence.
The
list of pre-approved services includes:
o
Audits of the
Company’s consolidated financial statements;
o
Statutory audits of
the financial statements of the Company’s
subsidiaries;
2.
Audit-Related
Services
o
Reviews of the
quarterly consolidated financial statements of the
Company;
o
Services associated
with registration statements, prospectuses, periodic reports and
other documents filed with securities regulatory bodies (such as
the SEC and the Ontario Securities Commission) or other documents
issued in connection with securities offerings (e.g., comfort
letters and consent letters) and assistance in responding to
comment letters from securities regulatory bodies;
o
Special attest
services as required by regulatory and statutory
requirements;
o
Regulatory
attestation of management reports on internal controls as required
by the regulators;
o
Consultations with
the Company’s management as to the accounting or disclosure
treatment of transactions or events and/or the actual or potential
impact of final or proposed rules, standards or interpretations by
the securities regulatory authorities, accounting standard setting
bodies (such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board or
Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada), or other regulatory
or standard setting bodies.
o
Presentations or
training on accounting or regulatory pronouncements;
o
Due diligence
services related to accounting and tax matters in connection with
potential acquisitions / dispositions;
●
Assistance with the
preparation of corporate income tax returns and related schedules
for the Company and its subsidiaries;
●
Assistance with the
preparation of Scientific Research & Experimental Development
investment tax credit claims and amended tax returns of the
Company;
●
Assistance in
responding to Canada Revenue Agency or IRS on proposed
reassessments and other matters;
b.
Canadian & International Planning Services
●
Advice with respect
to cross-border/transfer pricing tax issues;
●
Advice related to
the ownership of corporate intellectual property in jurisdictions
outside of Canada;
●
Assistance in
interpreting and understanding existing and proposed domestic and
international legislation, and the administrative policies followed
by various jurisdictions in administering the law, including
assisting in applying for and requesting advance tax rulings or
technical interpretations;
●
Assistance in
interpreting and understanding the potential impact of domestic and
foreign judicial tax decisions;
●
Assistance and
advising on routine planning matters;
●
Assistance in
advising on the implications of the routine financing of domestic
and foreign operations, including the tax implications of using
debt or equity in structuring such financing, the potential impact
of non-resident withholding tax and the taxation of the
repatriation of funds as a return of capital, a payment of a
dividend, or a payment of interest;
c.
Commodity Tax Services
●
Assistance
regarding Harmonized Sales Tax/Goods and Services Sales
Tax/Provincial Sales Tax/Customs/Property Tax filings and
assessments;
●
Commodity tax
advice and compliance assistance with business
reorganizations;
●
Advice and
assistance with respect to government
audits/assessments;
●
Advice with respect
to other provincial tax filings and assessments;
●
Assistance with
interpretations or rulings;
o
Advice and
documentation assistance with respect to internal controls over
financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures of the
Company.
The
list of prohibited services includes:
●
Bookkeeping or
other services related to the preparation of accounting records or
financial statements;
●
Financial
information systems design and implementation;
●
Appraisal or
valuation services for financial reporting purposes;
●
Actuarial services
for items recorded in the financial statements;
●
Internal audit
outsourcing services;
●
Certain corporate
finance and other services;
●
Certain expert
services unrelated to the audit.
The
Audit Committee also discusses with the Company’s independent
auditor the overall scope and plans for their audit. The Audit
Committee meets with the independent auditor, with and without
management present, to discuss the results of their examination,
their evaluations of the Company’s internal controls, and the
overall quality of the Company’s financial reporting. The
Audit Committee held 4 meetings during the period from December 1,
2019 to November 30, 2020.
In
reliance on the reviews and discussions referred to above, the
Audit Committee recommended to the Board (and the Board approved)
that the audited consolidated financial statements be included in
the Annual Report for the year ended November 30, 2020 for filing
with the Canadian provincial securities commissions and the
SEC.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
COMMITTEE
Compensation Committee Mandate and Purpose
The
Compensation Committee of the Board is a standing committee of the
Board whose primary function is to assist the Board in fulfilling
its responsibilities relating to:
●
the development,
review and periodic approval of the Company’s compensation
philosophy that attracts and retains key executives and employees,
while supporting the overall business strategy and objectives and
links compensation with business objectives and organizational
performance;
●
evaluate and
approve all compensation of executive officers including salaries,
bonuses and equity compensation that are required to be
determined;
●
review the
Company’s Option Plan, the employee RSU Plan and the DSU Plan
on an annual basis;
●
review and make
recommendations to the Board on compensation payable to senior
officers of the Company to be hired subsequent to the adoption of
the Charter; and
●
produce a report
annually on executive officer compensation for inclusion in the
proxy circular of the Company.
Compensation Committee Charter
The
charter of the Compensation Committee can be found on the
Company’s website at www.intellipharmaceutics.com.
Composition of the Compensation Committee
The
Compensation Committee is composed of Shawn Graham, Kenneth
Keirstead and Bahadur Madhani, each of whom is considered
independent and is a director of the Company. All of the members
shall be “independent” as such term is defined in
applicable securities legislation. In no case shall a member be a
current employee or immediate family member of a current employee.
The members of the Compensation Committee have selected a Chair
from amongst themselves, being Mr. Graham.
Corporate Governance Committee Mandate and Purpose
The
Corporate Governance Committee of the Board is a standing committee
of the Board whose primary function is to assist the Board in
dealing with the corporate governance matters described in its
charter.
Corporate Governance Committee Charter
The
charter of the Corporate Governance Committee can be found the
Company’s website at www.intellipharmaceutics.com.
Composition of the Corporate Governance Committee
The
Corporate Governance Committee is composed of Kenneth Keirstead,
Shawn Graham and Bahadur Madhani, each of whom is considered
independent and is a director of the Company. The members of the
Corporate Governance Committee have selected a Chair from amongst
themselves, being Mr. Keirstead.
The
number of full-time employees as of the end of each of last three
fiscal years is as follows:
|
|
November 30, 2020
|
November 30, 2019
|
November 30, 2018
|
|
Research
Employees
|
11
|
26
|
49
|
|
Administrative
Employees
|
2
|
5
|
10
|
Our
employees are not governed by a collective agreement. We have not
experienced a work stoppage and believe our employee relations are
satisfactory.
The
Company reduced the number of employees as a cost saving measure,
and because of reduced activity in operations due to the financial
condition of the Company. We currently intend to hire additional
employees if and when the Company’s circumstances allow for
such hirings.
The
nature of our business requires the recruitment and retention of a
highly educated and skilled workforce, including highly qualified
management, scientific and manufacturing personnel for innovation,
research and development. Typically a high proportion of our
employees have a Bachelor’s degree or higher. For each of the
last three fiscal years, all employees of the Company were employed
at the Company’s offices in Toronto.
The
following table states the names of the directors and officers of
the Company (current and during the last fiscal year), the
positions within the Company now held by them, and the approximate
number of common shares of the Company beneficially owned or over
which control or direction is exercised by each of them as of March
31, 2021.
|
Name
|
Position with the Company
|
Number of Common Shares Owned
|
Percentage of Common Shares Owned
|
Number of Stock Options Held(2)
|
Exercise Price
|
Option Expiry dd/mm/yyyy
|
Number of Currently Exercisable Options(4)
|
Number of Common Shares Issuable on Conversion of Convertible
Debt(3)
|
Number of DSU Held
|
Number of RSU Held
|
|
Dr. Isa
Odidi
|
Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board and Director of the
Company
|
578,131(1)
|
2.44%
|
30,000
9,000
7,000
500,000
|
C$32.70
C$24.20
C$11.50
C$0.35
|
16/02/2022
31/08/2021
30/11/2022
20/03/2029
|
30,000
9,000
7,000
500,000
|
1,779,661
166,666
2,083,333
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Dr.
Amina Odidi
|
President,
Chief Operating Officer and Director of the Company(5)
|
578,131(1)
|
2.44%
|
30,000
9,000
7,000
500,000
|
C$32.70
C$24.20
C$11.50
C$0.35
|
16/02/2022
31/08/2021
30/11/2022
20/03/2029
|
30,000
9,000
7,000
500,000
|
1,779,661
166,666
2,083,333
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Kenneth
Keirstead
|
Director
of the Company
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
3,500
4,000
60,000
|
C$24.20
C$11.50
C$0.35
|
31/08/2021
30/11/2022
20/03/2029
|
3,500
4,000
60,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Bahadur
Madhani
|
Director
of the Company
|
750
|
0.003%
|
3,500
4,000
60,000
|
C$24.20
C$11.50
C$0.35
|
31/08/2021
30/11/2022
20/03/2029
|
3,500
4,000
60,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Shawn
Graham
|
Director
of the Company
|
1,430
|
0.006%
|
40,000
|
C$0.35
|
20/03/2029
|
40,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Norman
Betts
|
Director
of the Company
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
40,000
|
C$0.35
|
20/03/2029
|
40,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Dr.
Patrick Yat
|
Vice-President,
Chemistry and Analytical Services
|
2,717
|
0.01%
|
5,000
2,500
1,500
40,000
|
C$38.20
C$24.20
C$11.50
C$0.35
|
24/05/2021
31/08/2021
30/11/2022
20/03/2029
|
5,000
2,500
1,500
40,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Totals
|
|
583,028
|
2.46%
|
1,356,000
|
|
|
1,356,000
|
4,029,660
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Notes:
(1)
578,131 represents
the number of shares owned of record by Odidi Holdings Inc., a
privately-held company controlled by Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi. In
addition, 546,000 stock options are held by each of Dr. Isa Odidi
and Dr. Amina Odidi.
(2)
For information
regarding option expiration dates and exercise price refer to the
tables included under Item 6.B.
(3)
On January 10,
2013, the Company completed a private placement financing of a
convertible debenture in the original principal amount of $1.5
million (the “2013
Debenture”), which was originally due to mature
January 1, 2015. The 2013 Debenture bore interest at a rate of 12%
per annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the
option of the Company, and was convertible at any time into 50,000
common shares at a conversion price of US$30.00 per common share at
the option of the holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, shareholders,
directors and executive officers of the Company provided the
Company with the $1.5 million of the proceeds for the 2013
Debenture. The maturity date of the 2013 Debenture was changed
several times from the original maturity date. A principal
repayment of $150,000 was made on April 1, 2017. In December 2018,
a principal repayment of $300,000 was made on the 2013 Debenture.
After giving effect to such partial repayments, the 2013 Debenture
was convertible at any time into 35,000 common shares at a
conversion price of $30.00 per common share at the option of the
holder. On April 4, 2019, a tentative approval from TSX was
received for a proposed refinancing of the 2013 Debenture subject
to certain conditions being met. As a result of the refinancing,
the principal amount owing under the 2013 Debenture was refinanced
by the May 2019 Debenture. On May 1, 2019, the May 2019 Debenture
was issued in the principal amount of $1,050,000. The May 2019
Debenture bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum and is
convertible into 1,779,661 common shares of the Company at a
conversion price of $0.59 per common share. The maturity date for
the May 2019 Debenture has been extended from time to time and the
current maturity date is May 31, 2021. On September 10, 2018, the
Company completed the 2018 Debenture financing in the principal
amount of $0.5 million. The 2018 Debenture was originally scheduled
to mature on September 1, 2020, and it is now due to mature on May
31, 2021. The 2018 Debenture bears interest at a rate of 10% per
annum, payable monthly, is pre-payable at any time at the option of
the Company and is convertible at any time into common shares at a
conversion price of $3.00 per common share at the option of the
holder. Drs. Isa Odidi and Amina Odidi provided us with the
original $500,000 of the proceeds for the 2018 Debenture. On
November 15, 2019, the Company issued to Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr.
Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors and executive officers
of the November 2019 Debenture in the principal amount of $0.25
million. The November 2019 Debenture bears interest at a rate of
12% per annum, payable monthly, is pre-payable at any time at the
option of the Company and is convertible at any time into 2,083,333
common shares of the Company at a conversion price of $0.12 per
common share at the option of the holder. The maturity date for the
November 2019 Debenture has been extended from time to time and the
maturity date is now May 31, 2021.
(4)
Includes options
exercisable within 60 days of the date of this filing.
(5)
Dr. Amina Odidi has
been Acting CFO since March 4, 2020.
As of
March 31, 2021, the directors and executive officers of the Company
as a group owned, directly or indirectly, or exercised control or
direction over 583,028 common shares, representing approximately
2.46% of the issued common shares of the Company (and beneficially
owned approximately 5,968,688 common shares representing 20.54% of
our common shares including common shares issuable upon the
exercise of outstanding options and the conversion of the
Debentures that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days of
the date hereof).
The
Company has in place the Option Plan for the benefit of certain
officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company,
including the Named Executive Officers (see below under
“Employee Stock Option Plan”). Certain Named Executive
Officers have been issued options under such plan. The Company had
also granted performance-based options to Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr.
Amina Odidi pursuant to a separate option agreement, which was
negotiated with the Named Executive Officers at the same time as
their employment agreements. These options vest upon the Company
attaining certain milestones relating to FDA filings and approvals
for Company drugs, such that 27,639 options vest in connection with
each of the FDA filings for the first five Company drugs and 27,639
options vest in connection with each of the FDA approvals for the
first five Company drugs. As of November 30, 2020, these options
have expired. No other performance-based options have been granted
to any other Named Executive Officer.
Employee Stock Option Plan
The
Option Plan was adopted effective October 22, 2009 as part of the
IPC Arrangement Transaction approved by the shareholders of IPC
Ltd., our predecessor company, at the meeting of shareholders on
October 19, 2009. Subject to the requirements of the Option Plan,
the Board, with the assistance of the Compensation Committee, has
the authority to select those directors, officers, employees and
consultants to whom options will be granted, the number of options
to be granted to each person and the price at which common shares
of the Company may be purchased. Grants are determined based on
individual and aggregate performance as determined by the
Board.
The key
features of the Option Plan are as follows:
●
The eligible
participants are full-time and part-time employees, officers and
directors of, or consultants to, the Company or its affiliates,
which may be designated from time to time by the
Board.
●
The fixed maximum
percentage of common shares issuable under the Option Plan is 10%
of the issued and outstanding common shares from time to time. The
Option Plan will automatically “reload” after the
exercise of an option provided that the number of common shares
issuable under the Option Plan does not then exceed the maximum
percentage of 10%.
●
There are no
restrictions on the maximum number of options which may be granted
to insiders of the Company other than not more than 1% of the total
common shares outstanding on a non-diluted basis can be issued to
non-executive directors of the Company pursuant to options granted
under the Option Plan and the value of any options granted to any
non-executive director of the Company, shall not, on an annual
basis, exceed $100,000.
●
The Board
determines the exercise price of each option at the time the option
is granted, provided that such price is not lower than the
“market price” of common shares at the time the option
is granted. “Market price” means the volume weighted
average trading price of common shares on the TSX, or another stock
exchange where the majority of the trading volume and value of
common shares occurs, for the five trading days immediately
preceding the relevant date, calculated in accordance with the
rules of such stock exchange.
●
Unless otherwise
determined by the Board, each option becomes exercisable as to
33⅓% on a cumulative basis, at the end of each of the first,
second and third years following the date of grant.
●
The period of time
during which a particular option may be exercised is determined by
the Board, subject to any Employment Contract or Consulting
Contract (both as hereinafter defined), provided that no such
option term shall exceed 10 years.
●
If an option
expiration date falls within a “black-out period” (a
period during which certain persons cannot trade common shares
pursuant to a policy of the Company’s respecting restrictions
on trading), or immediately following a black-out period, the
expiration date is automatically extended to the date which is the
tenth business day after the end of the black-out
period.
Options
may terminate prior to expiry of the option term in the following
circumstances:
●
on death of an
optionee, options vested as at the date of death are immediately
exercisable until the earlier of 180 days from such date and expiry
of the option term; and
●
if an optionee
ceases to be a director, officer, employee or consultant of the
Company for any reason other than death, including receipt of
notice from the Company of the termination of his, her or its
Employment Contract or Consulting Contract (as defined below),
options vested as at the date of termination are exercisable until
the earlier of 120 days following such date and expiry of the
option term, subject however to any contract between the Company
and any employee relating to, or entered into in connection with,
the employment of the employee or between the Company and any
director with respect to his or her directorship or resignation
there from (an “Employment
Contract”), any contract between the Company and any
consultant relating to, or entered into in connection with,
services to be provided to the Company (a “Consulting Contract”) or any other
agreement to which the Company is a party with respect to the
rights of such person upon termination or change in control of the
Company.
●
Options and rights
related thereto held by an optionee are not to be assignable or
transferable except on the death of the optionee.
●
If there is a
take-over bid (within the meaning of the Securities Act (Ontario))
made for all or any of the issued and outstanding common shares of
the Company, then all options outstanding become immediately
exercisable in order to permit common shares issuable under such
options to be tendered to such bid.
●
If there is a
consolidation, merger, amalgamation or statutory arrangement
involving the Company, separation of the business of the Company
into two or more entities or sale of all or substantially all of
the assets of the Company to another entity, the optionees will
receive, on exercise of their options, the consideration they would
have received had they exercised their options immediately prior to
such event. In such event and in the event of a securities exchange
take-over bid, the Board may, in certain circumstances, require
optionees to surrender their options if replacement options are
provided. In the context of a cash take-over bid for 100% of the
issued and outstanding common shares of the Company, optionees may
elect to conditionally surrender their options or, if provided for
in an agreement with the offeror, automatically exchange their
options for options of the offeror.
●
The Board may from
time to time in its absolute discretion amend, modify and change
the provisions of the Option Plan or any options granted pursuant
to the Option Plan, provided that any amendment, modification or
change to the provisions of the Option Plan or any options granted
pursuant to the Option Plan shall:
o
not adversely alter
or impair any option previously granted;
o
be subject to any
regulatory approvals, where required, including, where applicable,
the approval of the TSX and/or such other exchange as may be
required; and
o
not be subject to
shareholder approval in any circumstances, except where the
amendment, modification or change to the Option Plan or option
would:
(i)
reduce the exercise
price of an option held by an insider of the Company;
(ii)
extend the term of
an option held by an insider beyond the original expiration date
(subject to such date being extended in a black-out extension
situation);
(iii)
increase the fixed
maximum percentage of common shares issuable under the Option Plan;
or
(iv)
amend the amendment
provision of the Option Plan; in which case the amendment,
modification or change will be subject to shareholder approval in
accordance with the rules of the TSX and/or such other exchange as
may be required. Amendments to the Option Plan not requiring
shareholder approval may for example include, without
limitation:
o
amendments of a
“housekeeping nature”, including any amendment to the
Option Plan or an option that is necessary to comply with
applicable law or the requirements of any regulatory authority or
stock exchange;
o
changes to the
exercise price of an option to an exercise price not below the
“market price” unless the change is a reduction in the
exercise price of an option held by an insider of the
Company;
o
amendments
altering, extending or accelerating any vesting terms or conditions
in the Option Plan or any options;
o
changes amending or
modifying any mechanics for exercising an option;
o
amendments changing
the expiration date (including acceleration thereof) or changing
any termination provision in any option, provided that such change
does not entail an extension beyond the original expiration date of
such option (subject to such date being extended in a black-out
extension situation);
o
amendments
introducing a cashless exercise feature, payable in securities,
whether or not such feature provides for a full deduction of the
number of underlying securities from the Option Plan
maximum;
o
amendments changing
the application of the provisions of the Option Plan dealing with
adjustments in the number of shares, consolidations and mergers and
take-over bids;
o
amendments adding a
form of financial assistance or amending a financial assistance
provision which is adopted;
o
amendments changing
the eligible participants of the Option Plan; and
o
amendments adding a
deferred or restricted share unit provision or any other provision
which results in participants receiving securities while no cash
consideration is received by the Company.
The
Board may discontinue the Option Plan at any time without consent
of the participants under the Option Plan provided that such
discontinuance shall not adversely alter or impair any option
previously granted.
A copy
of the Option Plan is available upon request in writing to the
Chief Financial Officer of the Company at 30 Worcester Road,
Toronto, Ontario, M9W 5X2 or on www.sedar.com.
A total
of 1,556,201 options to purchase common shares have been issued,
representing 6.57% of the shares issued and outstanding as of March
31, 2021. As of March 31, 2021, 17,200 options have been exercised
under the Plan since inception.
Restricted Share Unit Awards for Officers &
Employees
The
Company established the RSU Plan to form part of its incentive
compensation arrangements available for officers and employees of
the Company and its designated affiliates as of May 28, 2010, when
the RSU Plan received shareholder approval.
The key
features of the RSU Plan are as follows:
●
The stated purpose
of the RSU Plan is to advance the interests of the Company through
the motivation, attraction and retention of employees and officers
of the Company and the designated affiliates of the Company and to
secure for the Company and the shareholders of the Company the
benefits inherent in the ownership of common shares by employees
and officers of the Company, it being generally recognized that
share incentive plans aid in attracting, retaining and encouraging
employees and officers due to the opportunity offered to them to
acquire a proprietary interest in the Company and to align their
interests with those of the Company. Employees and officers,
including both full-time and part-time employees, of the Company
and any designated affiliate of the Company, but not any directors
of the Company, are eligible to participate under the RSU Plan. By
the terms of the RSU Plan, Dr. Isa Odidi, the Chief Executive
Officer of the Company, and Dr. Amina Odidi, the President and
Chief Operating Officer of the Company, are specifically not
eligible to participate.
●
The RSU Plan is
administered by the Board or a committee thereof, which will
determine, from time to time, who may participate in the RSU Plan,
the number of RSUs to be awarded and the terms of each RSU, all
such determinations to be made in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the RSU Plan, based on individual and/or corporate
performance factors as determined by the Board.
●
The number of
common shares available for issuance upon the vesting of RSUs
awarded under the RSU Plan is limited to an aggregate of 33,000
common shares of the Company representing approximately 0.14% of
the issued and outstanding common shares of the Company as of March
31, 2021.
●
A separate notional
account will be maintained for each participant under the RSU Plan.
Each such account will be credited with RSUs awarded to the
participant from time to time by way of a bookkeeping entry in the
books of the Company. On the vesting of the RSUs and the
corresponding issuance of common shares to the participant, or on
the forfeiture and cancellation of the RSUs, the RSUs credited to
the participant’s account will be cancelled.
●
At the time of the
award of RSUs, the Board will determine in its sole discretion the
vesting criteria (whether based on time or performance measures of
individual and/or corporate performance) applicable to the awarded
RSUs. Unless otherwise determined by the Board at the time of the
award, RSUs will vest in respect of 33 1/3% of the common shares
subject to the RSUs on the first day after each of the first three
anniversaries of the award date of such RSU. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, all vesting and issuances or payments, as applicable,
will be completed no later than December 15 of the third calendar
year commencing after an award date.
●
The RSU Plan
provides that any unvested RSUs will vest at such time as
determined by the Board in its sole discretion such that
participants in the RSU Plan will be able to participate in a
change of control transaction, including by surrendering such RSUs
to the Company or a third party or exchanging such RSUs, for
consideration in the form of cash and/or securities.
●
Under the RSU Plan,
should the vesting of an RSU fall within a blackout period or
within nine business days following the expiration of a blackout
period, the vesting will be automatically extended to the tenth
business day after the end of the blackout period.
●
If an “event
of termination” of employment has occurred, any and all
common shares corresponding to any vested RSUs in a
participant’s account, if any, will be issued as soon as
practicable after the event of termination to the former
participant. If an event of termination has occurred, any unvested
RSUs in the participant’s account will, unless otherwise
determined by the Board in its discretion, forthwith and
automatically be forfeited by the participant and cancelled.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a participant is terminated for
just cause, each unvested RSU in the participant’s account
will be forfeited by the participant and cancelled. An
“event of
termination” is defined under the RSU Plan as an event
whereby a participant ceases to be eligible under the RSU Plan and
is deemed to have occurred by the giving of any notice of
termination of employment (whether voluntary or involuntary and
whether with or without cause), retirement, or any cessation of
employment for any reason whatsoever, including disability or
death.
●
No rights under the
RSU Plan and no RSUs awarded pursuant to the provisions of the RSU
Plan are assignable or transferable by any participant other than
pursuant to a will or by the laws of descent and
distribution.
●
Under the RSU Plan,
the Board may from time to time in its absolute discretion amend,
modify and change the provisions of the RSU Plan or any RSUs
awarded pursuant to the Plan, provided that any amendment
will:
●
not adversely alter
or impair any RSU previously awarded except as permitted by the
adjustment provisions in the RSU Plan;
●
be subject to any
regulatory approvals including, where required, the approval of the
TSX;
●
be subject to
shareholder approval in accordance with the rules of the TSX in
circumstances where the amendment, modification or change to the
RSU Plan or RSUs would:
(i)
allow for the
assignment or transfer of any right under the RSU Plan or a RSU
awarded pursuant to the provisions of the RSU Plan other than as
provided for under the assignability provisions in the RSU
Plan;
(ii)
increase the fixed
maximum number of common shares which may be issued pursuant to the
RSU Plan; or
(iii)
amend the amendment
provisions of the RSU Plan; and
●
not be subject to
shareholder approval in circumstances (other than those listed in
the paragraph immediately above), including, but not limited to,
circumstances where the amendment, modification or change to the
RSU Plan or RSU would:
(i)
be of a
“housekeeping nature”, including any amendment to the
RSU Plan or a RSU that is necessary to comply with applicable law
or the requirements of any regulatory authority or stock exchange
and any amendment to the RSU Plan or a RSU to correct or rectify
any ambiguity, defective provision, error or omission therein,
including any amendment to any definitions therein;
(ii)
alter, extend or
accelerate any vesting terms or conditions in the RSU Plan or any
RSU;
(iii)
change any
termination provision in any RSU;
(iv)
introduce features
to the RSU Plan that would permit the Company to, instead of
issuing common shares from treasury upon the vesting of the RSUs,
retain a broker and make payments for the benefit of participants
to such broker who would purchase common shares through the
facilities of the TSX for such participants;
(v)
Introduce features
to the RSU Plan that would permit the Company to, instead of
issuing common shares from treasury upon the vesting of the RSUs,
make lump sum cash payments to participants;
(vi)
change the
application of the adjustment provisions of the RSU Plan or the
change of control provisions of the RSU Plan; or
(vii)
change the eligible
participants under the RSU Plan.
A copy
of the RSU Plan is available upon request in writing to the Chief
Financial Officer of the Company at 30 Worcester Road, Toronto,
Ontario, M9W 5X2.
The
33,000 common shares that are currently authorized for issuance
under the RSU Plan represent approximately 0.14% of the
Company’s common shares issued and outstanding as at March
31, 2021. No RSUs have been issued and none are outstanding as of
March 31, 2021.
Deferred Share Unit Awards for Outside Directors
The
Company established as of May 28, 2010 when it received shareholder
approval, a DSU Plan to permit directors who are not officers of
the Company, to defer receipt of all or a portion of their Board
fees until termination of Board service and to receive such fees in
the form of common shares at that time.
The key
features of the DSU Plan are as follows:
●
The DSU Plan is
administered by the Board or a committee thereof. Members of the
Board who are not salaried officers or employees of the Company or
a related corporation are eligible to participate under the DSU
Plan. By the terms of the DSU Plan, Dr. Isa Odidi, the Chief
Executive Officer of the Company, and Dr. Amina Odidi, the
President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, are
specifically not eligible to participate.
●
The number of
common shares available for issuance upon redemption of DSUs issued
under the DSU Plan is limited to 11,000 common shares of the
Company, representing approximately 0.05% of the total number of
issued and outstanding common shares as of March 31,
2021.
●
Each participant
may elect to be paid a minimum of 20% up to a maximum of 100%, in
10% increments, of Board fees in the form of DSUs in lieu of being
paid such fees in cash. On the date on which Board fees are payable
(on a quarterly basis), the number of DSUs to be credited to the
participant is determined by dividing an amount equal to the
designated percentage of the Board fees that the participant has
elected to have credited in DSUs on that fee payment date, by the
calculated market value of a common share (typically on the TSX) on
that fee payment date. The market value of a common share is the
weighted average trading price of the common shares on any exchange
where the common shares are listed (including the TSX) for the last
five trading days prior to such day. If dividends are declared by
the Company, a participant will also be credited with dividend
equivalents in the form of additional DSUs based on the number of
DSUs the participant holds on the record date for the payment of a
dividend. Dividend equivalents are calculated by dividing (i) the
amount obtained by multiplying the amount of the dividend declared
and paid per common share by the number of DSUs in the
participant’s account on the record date for the payment of
such dividend, by (ii) the market value of a common share on that
dividend payment date. The market value of a common share is the
weighted average trading price of the common shares on any exchange
where the common shares are listed (including the TSX) for the last
five trading days prior to such day.
●
A participant is
permitted to redeem his/her DSUs only following termination of
Board service by way of retirement, non-re-election as a director,
resignation or death. Upon redemption of DSUs, the Company will
issue to the participant common shares of the Company equal to the
number of DSUs to be redeemed.
●
A separate notional
account is maintained for each participant under the DSU Plan. Each
such account will be credited with DSUs issued to the participant
from time to time by way of a bookkeeping entry in the books of the
Company. The DSUs credited to the participant’s account will
be cancelled as of the applicable redemption date and following
redemption of all DSUs credited to the participant’s account,
such participant’s account will be closed.
●
No rights under the
DSU Plan and no DSUs credited pursuant to the provisions of the DSU
Plan are assignable or transferable by any participant other than
pursuant to a will or by the laws of descent and
distribution.
●
Under the DSU Plan,
the Board may from time to time in its absolute discretion amend,
modify and change the provisions of the DSU Plan or any DSUs issued
pursuant to the DSU Plan, provided that any amendment
will:
o
not adversely alter
or impair any DSU previously credited without such
participant’s consent in writing except as permitted by the
adjustment provisions in the DSU Plan;
o
be subject to any
regulatory approvals including, where required, the approval of the
TSX;
o
be subject to
shareholder approval in accordance with the rules of the TSX in
circumstances where the amendment, modification or change to the
DSU Plan or DSU would:
(i)
allow for the
assignment or transfer of any right under the DSU Plan or a DSU
credited pursuant to the provisions of the DSU Plan other than as
provided for under the assignability provisions in the DSU
Plan;
(ii)
increase the fixed
maximum number of common shares which may be issued pursuant to the
DSU Plan; or
(iii)
amend the amendment
provisions of the DSU Plan; and
●
not be subject to
shareholder approval in circumstances (other than those listed in
the paragraph immediately above), including, but not limited to,
circumstances where the amendment, modification or change to the
DSU Plan or DSU would:
(i)
be of a
“house keeping nature”, including any amendment to the
DSU Plan or a DSU that is necessary to comply with applicable law
or the requirements of any regulatory authority or stock exchange
and any amendment to the DSU Plan or a DSU to correct or rectify
any ambiguity, defective provision, error or omission therein,
including any amendment to any definitions therein;
(ii)
introduce features
to the DSU Plan that would permit the Company to, instead of
issuing common shares from treasury upon the redemption of the
DSUs, retain a broker and make payments for the benefit of
participants to such broker who would purchase common shares
through the facilities of the TSX for such
participants;
(iii)
introduce features
to the DSU Plan that would permit the Company to, instead of
issuing common shares from treasury upon the redemption of the
DSUs, make lump sum cash payments to participants;
(iv)
change the
application of the adjustment provisions of the DSU Plan;
or
(v)
change the eligible
participants under the DSU Plan.
A copy
of the DSU Plan is available upon request in writing to the Chief
Financial Officer of the Company at 30 Worcester Road, Toronto,
Ontario, M9W 5X2.
The
11,000 common shares that are currently authorized for issuance
under the DSU Plan represent approximately 0.05% of the
Company’s common shares issued and outstanding as at March
31, 2021. A total of nil DSUs have been issued, representing common
share rights that comprise 0% of the common shares issued and
outstanding as at March 31, 2021.
Perquisites and Personal Benefits
The
Company also provides perquisites and personal benefits to its
Named Executive Officers, including basic employee benefit plans,
which are available to all employees, and a car allowance to cover
the cost of an automobile for business purposes. These perquisites
and personal benefits were determined through negotiation of an
employment agreement with each Named Executive Officer (see
“Employment Agreements” above). While perquisites and
personal benefits are intended to fit into the Company’s
overall compensation objectives by serving to attract and retain
talented executive officers, the size of the Company and the nature
and stage of its business also impact the level of perquisites and
benefits. To date, the level of perquisites and benefits has not
impacted the Company’s decisions about any other element of
compensation.
Other Compensation-Related Matters
The
Company’s share trading policy prohibits all directors and
officers of the Company from, among other things, engaging in any
short sales designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value
of the securities of the Company.
Major
Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
We
completed a registered direct offering in October 2017, registered
direct offerings in March 2018 and an underwritten public offering
completed in October 2018 all of which resulted in a significant
change in the percentage ownership of our then-principal
shareholders, Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi, our President and Chief
Operating Officer and our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,
respectively, and Odidi Holdings Inc., a privately-held company
controlled by Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi (a decrease to approximately
14.3%) of our then-issued and outstanding common shares of the
Company (subsequent to the offering) (See “Prior
Sales”). As of March 31, 2021, Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi and
Odidi Holdings Inc. own in the aggregate directly and indirectly
578,131 common shares, representing approximately 2.44% of our
issued and outstanding common shares of the Company (and
collectively beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately
5,699,791 common shares representing 19.79% of our common shares
including common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
options and the conversion of the Debentures that are exercisable
or convertible within 60 days of the date hereof). (Reference is
made to the section entitled “E. Share Ownership” under
“Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees”
for additional information regarding the options to purchase common
shares and the Debentures held by Drs. Amina and Isa Odidi.)
Armistice Capital, LLC, Armistice Capital Master Fund, Ltd., and
Steven Boyd (collectively “Armistice”) reported on a Schedule
13-G/A, filed with the SEC on February 14, 2019, that they were
each the beneficial owner of 575,099, representing less than 10% of
the Company’s common shares. A subsequent Schedule 13G filed
with the SEC on February 16, 2021, reported that Armistice was the
beneficial owner of 2,627,978, representing approximately 9.99% of
the Company’s common shares. Sabby Volatility Warrant Master
Fund, Ltd. and its affiliates reported on a Schedule 13-G/A, filed
with the SEC on January 21, 2020, that they were each the
beneficial owner of 1,101,571, representing approximately 4.65% of
the Company’s common shares. To our knowledge, no other
shareholder beneficially owns more than 5% of the issued and
outstanding common shares of the Company. There are no
arrangements, known to the Company, the operation of which may at a
subsequent date result in a change in control of the
Company.
No
holder of common shares has different voting rights from any other
holders of common shares.
As at December 31, 2020 there
were a total of 343 registered holders of record of our common
shares, of which 245 holders were registered with addresses in
Canada holding in the aggregate approximately 3% of our 23,678,105
outstanding common shares, 47 holders were registered with
addresses in the United States holding in the aggregate
approximately 97% of our 23,678,105 outstanding common shares, and
51 holders were registered with addresses in other nations holding
in the aggregate 0% of our outstanding common shares. We
believe that the number of beneficial owners of our common shares
is substantially greater than the number of record holders, because
a large portion of our common shares are held in broker
“street names”.
B.
Related
Party Transactions
In
January 2013, we completed a private placement financing of the
unsecured 2013 Debenture in the original principal amount of $1.5
million. The 2013 Debenture bore interest at a rate of 12% per
annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the option
of the Company, and was convertible at any time into common shares
at a conversion price of $30.00 per common share at the option of
the holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, who are directors, executive
officers and shareholders of our Company, provided us with the
original $1.5 million of the proceeds for the 2013 Debenture.
In December 2016, a principal repayment of $150,000 was made on the
2013 Debenture. The maturity date of the 2013 Debenture was changed
several times from the original maturity date. In December 2018, a
principal repayment of $300,000 was made for the 2013
Debenture.
On
April 4, 2019, a tentative approval from TSX was received for a
proposed refinancing of the 2013 Debenture, subject to certain
conditions being met. As a result of the proposed refinancing, the
principal amount owing under the 2013 Debenture was refinanced by
the May 2019 Debenture (the “May 2019 Debenture”). On
May 1, 2019, the May 2019 Debenture was issued with a principal
amount of $1,050,000, that was originally scheduled to mature on
November 1, 2019, bear interest at a rate of 12% per annum and be
convertible into 1,779,661 common shares of the Company at a
conversion price of $0.59 per common share. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr.
Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors, and executive
officers of the Company, are the holders of the May 2019 Debenture.
The maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture has been extended from
time to time and the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture is
now May 31, 2021. No interest was paid on the May 2019 Debenture
for the year ended November 30, 2020.
On
September 10, 2018, the Company completed a private placement
financing of an unsecured convertible debenture in the principal
amount of $500,000 (the “2018
Debenture”). The 2018 Debenture bears interest at a
rate of 10% per annum, is payable monthly, may be prepaid at any
time at our option, and is convertible into common shares at any
time prior to the maturity date at a conversion price of $3.00 per
common share at the option of the holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi,
who are directors, executive officers and shareholders of our
Company, provided us with the original $500,000 of proceeds for the
2018 Debenture. The original maturity date for the 2018 Debenture
was September 1, 2020. Effective September 1,
2020, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was extended to
November 30, 2020. Effective November 30, 2020, the maturity date
for the 2018 Debenture was extended to May 31, 2021. No interest
was paid on the 2018 Debenture for the year ended November 30,
2020. The net proceeds of the 2018 Debenture were used for working
capital and general corporate purposes.
In
September 2019, the Company issued two unsecured, non-interest
bearing promissory notes, with no fixed repayment terms, in the
amounts of US$6,500 and CDN$203,886, to Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina
Odidi, who are shareholders, directors and executive officers of
the Company. The proceeds from such notes were used for working
capital and general corporate purposes.
On
November 15, 2019, the Company issued to Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi,
by way of a private placement, an unsecured convertible debenture
of the Company in consideration for, and in the aggregate principal
amount of, USD$250,000 (the "November 2019 Debenture"). The principal
amount owing under the November 2019 Debenture is convertible at
any time and from time to time into common shares at a conversion
price equal to U.S. $0.12 per common share. Up to an aggregate of
2,083,333 common shares may be issued upon conversion of the
principal amount owing under the November 2019 Debenture. The
November 2019 Debenture bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum
(calculated monthly) and, subject to our right to prepay the
November 2019 Debenture in whole or in part at any time without
penalty, and was scheduled to mature on December 31, 2019. The
maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture has been extended
from time to time and the maturity date for the November 2019
Debenture is now May 31, 2021. No interest was paid on the November
2019 Debenture for the year ended November 30, 2020. Dr. Isa Odidi
is our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Scientific
Officer, and Dr. Amina Odidi is our President, Chief Operating
Officer, Co-Chief Scientific Officer and acting Chief Financial
Officer.
To the
Company’s knowledge, Armistice, previously a holder of in
excess of 10% of the Company’s outstanding common shares,
participated in (i) a registered direct offering in October 2017,
pursuant to a placement agent agreement dated October 10, 2017
between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
(“Wainwright”),
and (ii) the registered direct offerings completed in March 2018,
pursuant to placement agent agreements dated March 12, 2018 and
March 18, 2018 between the Company and Wainwright; and (iii) the
underwritten public offering completed in October 2018. Armistice
reported on a Schedule 13-G/A, filed with the SEC on February 14,
2019, that it was the beneficial owner of less than 10% of the
Company’s common shares. A subsequent Schedule 13G filed with
the SEC on February 16, 2021, reported that Armistice was the
beneficial owner of 2,627,978, representing approximately 9.99% of
the Company’s common shares. Sabby Volatility Warrant Master
Fund, Ltd. and its affiliates reported on a Schedule 13-G/A, filed
with the SEC on January 21, 2020, that they were each the
beneficial owner of 1,101,571 common shares of the Company,
representing approximately 4.65% of the Company’s common
shares at the time.
Since
the beginning of the Company’s preceding three financial
years to the date hereof, other than discussed above in this Item
7, there have been no transactions or proposed transactions which
are material to the Company or to any associate, holder of 10% of
the Company’s outstanding shares, director or officer or any
transactions that are unusual in their nature or conditions to
which the Company or any of its subsidiaries was a
party.
The
Company’s Corporate Governance Committee, made up of
independent directors, oversees any potential transaction and
negotiation that could give rise to a related party transaction or
create a conflict of interest, and conducts an appropriate
review.
Consolidated
Statements and Other Financial Information
Reference is made
to “Item 18. Financial Statements” for the financial
statements included in this annual report.
Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Actions
From time to time,
we may be exposed to claims and legal actions in the normal course
of business. As at November 30, 2020, and continuing as at March
31, 2021, we are not aware of any pending or threatened material
litigation claims against us, other than the following as described
below.
In
November 2016, we filed an NDA for our Oxycodone ER product
candidate, relying on the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, which
allowed us to reference data from Purdue's file for its
OxyContin® extended
release oxycodone hydrochloride. Our Oxycodone ER application was
accepted by the FDA for further review in February 2017. We
certified to the FDA that we believed that our Oxycodone ER product
candidate would not infringe any of the OxyContin® patents
listed in the Orange Book, or that such patents are invalid, and so
notified Purdue and the other owners of the subject patents listed
in the Orange Book of such certification.
On
April 7, 2017, we received notice that the Purdue litigation
plaintiffs had commenced patent infringement proceedings against us
in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (docket
number 17-392) in respect of our NDA filing for Oxycodone ER,
alleging that our proposed Oxycodone ER infringes 6 out of the 16
patents associated with the branded product OxyContin®, or the
OxyContin® patents, listed
in the Orange Book. The complaint seeks injunctive relief as well
as attorneys' fees and costs and such other and further relief as
the Court may deem just and proper. An answer and counterclaim was
filed.
Subsequent to the
above-noted filing of lawsuit, 4 further such patents were listed
and published in the Orange Book. The Company then similarly
certified to the FDA concerning such further patents. On March 16,
2018, we received notice that the Purdue litigation plaintiffs had
commenced further such patent infringement proceedings against us
adding the 4 further patents. This lawsuit was also in the District
of Delaware federal court under docket number 18-404.
As a
result of the commencement of the first of these legal proceedings,
the FDA is stayed for 30 months from granting final approval to our
Oxycodone ER product candidate. That time period commenced on
February 24, 2017, when the Purdue litigation plaintiffs received
notice of our certification concerning the patents, and will expire
on August 24, 2019, unless the stay is earlier terminated by a
final declaration of the courts that the patents are invalid, or
are not infringed, or the matter is otherwise settled among the
parties.
On or
about June 26, 2018 the court issued an order to sever 6
“overlapping” patents from the second Purdue case, but
ordered litigation to proceed on the 4 new (2017-issued) patents.
An answer and counterclaim were filed on July 9, 2018. The
existence and publication of additional patents in the Orange Book,
and litigation arising therefrom, is an ordinary and to be expected
occurrence in the course of such litigation.
On July
6, 2018 the court issued a claims construction on the first
case.
On July
24, 2018, the parties to the case mutually agreed to dismiss the
infringement claims related to the Grünenthal ‘060
patent. The Grünenthal ‘060 patent is one of the six
patents included in the original litigation case, however, the
dismissal does not by itself result in a termination of the
30-month litigation stay. Infringement claims related to this
patent have been dismissed without prejudice.
On October 4, 2018,
the parties to the 17-392 docket case mutually agreed to postpone
the scheduled court date pending a case status conference scheduled
for December 17, 2018. At that time, further trial scheduling and
other administrative matters were postponed pending the
Company’s anticipated resubmission of the Oxycodone ER NDA.
That filing was timely filed at the end of February 2019. The trial
in the 17-392 case was scheduled for November 12, 2019. On January
17, 2019, the court issued a scheduling order in 18-404 that
schedules the remaining major portions. The trial in the 18-404
case was scheduled for June 2020, which was also subject to
extension via the bankruptcy.
The
U.S. Federal Circuit Court of Appeal affirmed on April 4, 2019 the
invalidity of one Purdue OxyContin® patent. The
patent is: 9,060,976. The patent was nominally in our 17-392 and
18-404 cases. The invalidity ruling reduces yet another patent from
the overall picture. However, it does not, by itself, eliminate the
30 month litigation stay in either docketed case. On October 4,
2019 following the filing of a bankruptcy stay by Purdue Pharma,
the ongoing litigation case numbers 1:17-cv-00392-RGA and
1:18-cv-00404-RGA-SRF between Purdue Pharma L.P. et al and
Intellipharmaceutics International have been stayed and the
existing dates in both cases vacated by an order issued by the
courts in the District of Delaware. No new dates were given for
reinstatement; however, the parties were required to provide a
further status reports. The 30-month regulatory stay date for FDA
of March 2, 2020 remained unchanged and expired.
On
April 15, 2020, Purdue filed a new patent infringement suit against
the Company. The suit was filed in the United States District Court
for the District of Delaware under docket number: 1:20-cv-00515.
The new patent suit relates to additional Paragraph IV
certifications lodged against Purdue’s patent numbers:
10,407,434 and 10,369,109.
On or
about July 2, 2020 the parties in the Purdue Litigations between
Purdue and Intellipharmaceutics entered into a stipulated dismissal
of the Purdue Litigations. The stipulated dismissal, which was
subject to approval by the bankruptcy court presiding over Purdue
Pharma’s pending chapter 11 cases, provides for the
termination of the patent infringement proceedings. The stipulated
dismissal also provides that (i) for a thirty (30) day period
following a final approval of the Company’s Aximris
XRTM NDA
the parties will attempt to resolve any potential asserted patent
infringement claims relating to the NDA and (ii) if the parties
fail to resolve all such claims during such period Purdue Pharma
will have fifteen (15) days to pursue an infringement action
against the Company. The terms of the stipulated dismissal
agreement are confidential.
On July
28, 2020 the United States District Court for the District of
Delaware signed the stipulations of dismissal into order thereby
dismissing the claims in the three cases without prejudice. In
consideration of the confidential stipulated dismissal agreement
and for future saved litigation expenses, Purdue paid $2,000,000 to
the Company during the year ended November 30, 2020 and an
additional $500,000 in December 2020
In July
2017, three complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for
the Southern District of New York that were later consolidated
under the caption Shanawaz v. Intellipharmaceutics Int’l
Inc., et al., No. 1:17-cv-05761 (S.D.N.Y.). The lead
plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint on January 29,
2018. In the amended complaint, the lead plaintiffs assert
claims on behalf of a putative class consisting of purchasers of
our securities between May 21, 2015 and July 26, 2017. The
amended complaint alleges that the defendants violated Sections
10(b) and 20(a) of the U.S. Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated
thereunder by making allegedly false and misleading statements or
failing to disclose certain information regarding our NDA for
Oxycodone ER abuse-deterrent oxycodone hydrochloride extended
release tablets. The complaint seeks, among other remedies,
unspecified damages, attorneys’ fees and other costs,
equitable and/or injunctive relief, and such other relief as the
court may find just and proper.
On
March 30, 2018, the Company and the other defendants filed a motion
to dismiss the amended complaint for failure to state a valid
claim. The defendants’ motion to dismiss was granted in
part, and denied in part, in an Order dated December 17, 2018. In
its Order, the court dismissed certain of the plaintiffs’
securities claims to the extent that the claims were based upon
statements describing the Oxycodone ER product’s
abuse-deterrent features and its bioequivalence to
OxyContin®. However, the
court allowed the claims to proceed to the extent plaintiffs
challenged certain public statements describing the contents of the
Company’s Oxycodone ER NDA. Defendants filed an answer
to the amended complaint on January 7, 2019. On February 5, 2019,
the court held an initial pretrial conference and entered a
scheduling order governing discovery and class certification. In an
order entered at the parties request on May 9, 2019, the Court
stayed proceedings in the action to permit the parties time to
conduct a mediation. As a result of subsequent extensions,
the stay was extended through October 10, 2019. The parties
participated in a mediation on August 1, 2019, during which the
parties tentatively agreed to the terms of a settlement of the
action subject to the satisfaction of certain financial conditions
by the Company. On October 10, 2019, the Company provided
notice that it was not able to satisfy those
conditions.
On
November 7, 2019 the Company announced that the parties in Shanawaz
v. Intellipharmaceutics International, Inc., an action pending in
New York reached a settlement that is subject to the approval of
the court following notice to class members. The stipulation of
settlement provides for a settlement payment of US$1.6 million,
which Intellipharmaceutics anticipates will be funded by available
insurance. As part of the settlement, the Company also agreed to
contribute to the settlement fund specific anticipated Canadian tax
refunds of up to US$400,000 to the extent received within 18 months
after the entry of final judgment. The stipulation acknowledges
that the Company and the other defendants continue to deny that
they committed any violation of the U.S. securities laws or engaged
in any other wrongdoing and that they are entering into the
settlement at this time based on the burden, expense, and inherent
uncertainty of continuing the litigation. On December 7, 2020 the
court approved the settlement and, thereby concluding the
case.
On February 21, 2019, we and our CEO, Dr. Isa Odidi, were served
with a Statement of Claim filed in the Superior Court of Justice of
Ontario for a proposed class action under the Ontario Class
Proceedings Act. The action was brought by Victor Romita, the
proposed representative plaintiff, on behalf of a class of Canadian
persons who traded common shares during the period from February
29, 2016 to July 26, 2017. The Statement of Claim, under the
caption Victor Romita v. Intellipharmaceutics International Inc.
and Isa Odidi, asserted that the defendants knowingly or
negligently made certain public statements during the relevant
period that contained or omitted material facts concerning
Oxycodone ER abuse-deterrent oxycodone hydrochloride extended
release tablets. The plaintiff alleged that he and the class
suffered loss and damages as a result of their trading in our
shares during the relevant period. The plaintiff seeks, among other
remedies, unspecified damages, legal fees and court and other costs
as the Court may permit. On February 26, 2019, the plaintiff
delivered a Notice of Motion seeking the required approval from the
Court, in accordance with procedure under the Ontario Securities
Act, to allow the statutory claims under the Ontario Securities Act
to proceed with respect to the claims based upon the acquisition or
disposition of our shares on the TSX during the relevant period. On
June 28, 2019, the Court endorsed a timetable for the exchange of
material leading to the hearing of the Motion scheduled for January
27-28, 2020. On October 28, 2019, plaintiff’s counsel advised
the court that the Plaintiff intended to amend his claim and could
not proceed with the Leave Motion scheduled for January 27-28,
2020. As such the court released those dates. On January 28, 2020
the plaintiff served a Notice of Motion for leave to amend the
Statement of Claim. On April 2, 2020 the plaintiff delivered an
Amended Motion Record and Amended Notice of Motion seeking an order
for leave to issue a fresh as Amended Statement of Claim including
the addition of Christopher Pearce as a Plaintiff (“Amendment
Motion”). On May 1, 2020, the court granted the
plaintiff’s Amendment Motion. The Company and Dr. Odidi
intend to vigorously defend the action and have filed a Notice of
Intent to Defend. A tentative settlement has been reached in this
proceeding. A hearing for settlement approval has now been
scheduled for June 25, 2021.
On
October 7, 2019, a complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court
for the Southern District of New York by Alpha Capital Anstalt
(“Alpha”)
against the Company, two of its existing officers and directors and
its former Chief Financial Officer. In the complaint,
Alpha alleges that the Company and the executive officers/directors
named in the complaint violated Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the
U.S. Securities Act by allegedly making false and misleading
statements in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form
F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on
September 20, 2018, as amended by failing to disclose certain
information regarding the resignation of the Company’s then
Chief Financial Officer, which was announced several weeks after
such registration statement was declared effective. In the
complaint Alpha seeks unspecified damages, rescission of its
purchase of the Company’s securities in the relevant
offering, attorneys’ fees and other costs and further relief
as the court may find just and proper. On December 12, 2019, the
Company and the other defendants in the action filed a motion to
dismiss for failure to state a claim. The plaintiff filed an
opposition to that motion on February 4, 2020 and a reply brief in
further support of the motion to dismiss the action was filed March
6, 2020. In addition, the Court scheduled a mandatory settlement
conference with the Magistrate Judge for April 23, 2020 which the
Company and its counsel attended. On June 18, 2020, the court
largely denied the Company’s motion to dismiss the action.
Fact discovery is substantially complete. Motions for summary
judgment have been filed. The Company intends to continue to
vigorously defend the claims asserted in the complaint. However,
there can be no assurance that the case can be resolved in the
Company's favor.
On
February 5, 2020, we announced the resignation of Greg Powell, our
former Chief Financial Officer, for personal and family reasons. On
or about May 28, 2020, the Company became aware that a statement of
claim was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice
(CV-20-00641581-0000) against the Company and its directors by Greg
Powell. The claims sought damages for unpaid wages, wrongful
dismissal, manner of dismissal plus other compensation claims and
special damages. On August 6, 2020, the parties consented to an
order dismissing this case. The Company paid the settlement amount
to Mr. Powell and he signed a Release. The claim was dismissed,
without costs, by a court order dated October 15,
2020.
On or
about April 28, 2020, the Company received demand letters from the
landlord for amounts owing. The amounts in question were fully
accrued for and included in accounts payable and accrued
liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. On June 21, 2020,
the Company entered into a lease surrender agreement pursuant to
which it paid the rent arrears and vacated the 22 Worcester Road
Facility on June 30, 2020. The Company also extended its lease for
the 30 Worcester Road premises that it currently operates from, for
one year, commencing December 1, 2020, with an option to continue
on a month-to-month basis after November 30, 2021.
On
or about August 5, 2020 a former employee filed a claim against the
Company for wrongful dismissal of employment plus loss of benefits,
unpaid vacation pay, interest and costs. The parties have agreed to
settlement terms in the matter.
Dividend Policy
We have
not paid any cash dividends on our common shares and do not intend
to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to
retain future earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development
and expansion of our business. Dividend payments in the future may
also be limited by loan agreements or covenants contained in other
securities we may issue. Any future determination to pay cash
dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and depend on our
financial condition, results of operations, capital and legal
requirements and such other factors as our Board deems
relevant.
No
significant changes occurred since the date of our annual
consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual
report.
Not
Applicable, except for Item 9.A.4 and Item 9.C.
Our
common shares are currently listed on OTCQB and on TSX under the
symbols “IPCIF” and “IPCI”, respectively.
Our shares began trading on October 22, 2009, when the transaction
with Vasogen was completed. Additional Information. See Item
4.B.
Following receipt of shareholder approval for a
reverse stock split (known as a share consolidation under Canadian
law) at our August 15, 2018 shareholders meeting, on September 12,
2018, we filed articles of amendment to effectuate a 1-for-10
reverse split, and our common shares began trading on each of
Nasdaq and TSX on a post-reverse split basis on September 14,
2018. In March 2019, a Nasdaq
Hearings Panel determined to delist the Company’s common
shares from Nasdaq based upon its non-compliance with the $1.00
minimum bid price requirement, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule
5550(a)(2). The suspension of trading on Nasdaq took effect at the
open of business on March 21, 2019. The Company’s common
shares began trading on the OTCQB commencing on March 21, 2019. The
Company’s common shares are also listed on the
TSX.
Our
authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of common
shares, all without nominal or par value and an unlimited number of
preference shares issuable in series. At November 30, 2020 and as
of March 31, 2021, there were 23,678,105 common shares (November
30, 2019 – 22,085,856; November 30, 2018 – 18,252,243)
and no preference shares issued and outstanding.
The
number of shares outstanding as of November 30, 2020 increased as a
result of the issuance of 1,592,249 common shares upon cashless
exercise of the 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants. The number of shares
outstanding increased as at November 30, 2019 as a result of the
issuance of 2,793,334 common shares upon exercise of the same
number of 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants and the issuance of 1,030,000
common shares in connection with the exercise of the same number of
2018 Pre-Funded Warrants as of November 30, 2018 but for which
common shares were not yet issued as of November 30, 2018 and the
issuance of 10,279 common shares due to the exercise of deferred
share units.
The
underwriting agreement relating to the October 2018 offering
restricts the Company's ability to use the Company’s equity
distribution agreement. It contains a prohibition on the Company
for a period of five years following the closing, effecting or
entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company of
common shares or common share equivalents involving a certain
variable rate transactions under an at-the-market offering
agreement, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future
determined price, except that, on or after the date that is two
years after the closing, the Company may enter into an
at-the-market offering agreement.
Common Shares
Each of
our common shares entitles the holder thereof to one vote at any
meeting of shareholders of the Company, except meetings at which
only holders of a specified class of shares are entitled to vote.
Subject to the prior rights of the holders of any preference
shares, the holders of common shares of the Company are entitled to
receive, as and when declared by the Board, dividends in such
amounts as shall be determined by the Board of the Company. The
holders of common shares of the Company have the right to receive
the remaining property of the Company in the event of liquidation,
dissolution, or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or
involuntary.
Preference Shares
The
preference shares may at any time and from time to time be issued
in one or more series. The Board will, by resolution, from time to
time, before the issue thereof, fix the rights, privileges,
restrictions and conditions attaching to the preference shares of
each series. Except as required by law, the holders of any series
of preference shares will not as such be entitled to receive notice
of, attend or vote at any meeting of the shareholders of the
Company. Holders of preference shares will be entitled to
preference with respect to payment of dividends and the
distribution of assets in the event of liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any
other distribution of the assets of the Company among its
shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, on such
shares over the common shares and over any other shares ranking
junior to the preference shares.
Warrants
At
November 30, 2020, an aggregate of 21,784,885 common shares were
issuable upon the exercise of outstanding common share purchase
warrants, with a weighted average exercise price of $1.00 per
common share. As at March 31, 2021, an aggregate of 21,299,053
common shares were issuable upon the exercise of outstanding common
share purchase warrants, with a weighted average exercise price of
$0.88 per common share.
Options
At
November 30, 2020, an aggregate of 1,697,638 common shares were
issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, with a weighted
average exercise price of $2.92 per common share and up to 670,172
additional common shares were reserved for issuance under our
Option Plan.
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Exercise
price
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$
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$
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$
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$
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$
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1,600,438
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1.08
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8.02
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0.63
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1,134,109
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1.38
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0.78
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26.00 - 50.00
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97,200
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33.28
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1.16
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24.35
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97,200
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33.28
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24.35
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1,697,638
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2.92
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1,231,309
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3.90
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As of
March 31, 2021, there were 1,556,201 common shares issuable upon
the exercise of outstanding options. The weighted average exercise
price of these options is $3.11 per common share. As at March 31,
2021, up to 811,609 additional common shares were reserved for
issuance under our Option Plan.
Convertible Debentures
In
January 2013, we completed a private placement financing of the
unsecured 2013 Debenture in the original principal amount of $1.5
million. The 2013 Debenture bears interest at a rate of 12% per
annum, payable monthly, is pre-payable at any time at the option of
the Company, and is convertible at any time into common shares at a
conversion price of $30.00 per common share at the option of the
holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, who are directors, executive
officers and shareholders of our Company, provided us with the
original $1.5 million of the proceeds for the 2013 Debenture. In
December 2016, a principal repayment of $150,000 was made on the
2013 Debenture and the maturity date was extended until April 1,
2017. Effective March 28, 2017, the maturity date of the 2013
Debenture was extended to October 1, 2017. Effective September 28,
2017, the maturity date of the 2013 Debenture was further extended
to October 1, 2018. Effective October 1, 2018, the maturity date
for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to April 1, 2019. In
December 2018, a principal repayment of $300,000 was made for the
2013 Debenture.
On
April 4, 2019, a tentative approval from TSX was received for a
proposed refinancing of the 2013 Debenture, subject to certain
conditions being met. As a result of the refinancing, the principal
amount owing under the 2013 Debenture was refinanced by the May
2019 Debenture. On May 1, 2019, the May 2019 Debenture was issued
in the principal amount of $1,050,000. The May 2019 Debenture bears
interest at a rate of 12% per annum and is convertible into
1,779,661 common shares of the Company at a conversion price of
$0.59 per common share. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are
shareholders, directors, and executive officers of the Company, are
the holders of the May 2019 Debenture. The original maturity of the
May 2019 Debenture was November 1, 2019. The maturity date for the
May 2019 Debenture has been extended from time to time and the
maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture is now May 31,
2021.
On
September 10, 2018, the Company completed the 2018 Debenture
financing. The 2018 Debenture bears interest at a rate of 10% per
annum, payable monthly, may be prepaid at any time at our option,
and is convertible into common shares at any time prior to the
maturity date at a conversion price of $3.00 per common share at
the option of the holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, who are
directors, executive officers and shareholders of our Company,
provided us with the original $500,000 of proceeds for the 2018
Debenture. The maturity date for the 2018 Debenture is September 1,
2020. Effective September 1, 2020, the maturity date for the 2018
Debenture was extended to November 30, 2020. Effective November 30,
2020, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended
to May 31, 2021.
On
August 26, 2019, the Company completed a private placement
financing with Power Up Lending Group Ltd. of the unsecured August
2019 Debenture in the principal amount of $140,800. The August 2019
Debenture was scheduled to mature on August 26, 2020, bore interest
at a rate of 8% per annum, was pre-payable at any time at the
option of the Company up to 180 days from date of issuance with
pre-payment penalties ranging from 5% - 30% and was convertible at
the option of the holder into common shares after 180 days at a
conversion price equal to 75% of the market price (defined as the
average of the lowest three (3) trading prices for the common
shares during the twenty (20) trading day period prior to the
conversion date). The Company incurred $15,800 in debt issuance
costs. In November 2019, the August 2019 Debenture was fully
paid.
On
November 15, 2019, the Company issued an unsecured convertible
debenture in the principal amount of $250,000 that bears interest
at a rate of 12% per annum and is convertible into common shares of
the Company at a conversion price of $0.12 per share. The original
maturity of the November 2019 Debenture was December 31, 2019. The
maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture has been extended
from time to time and the maturity date for the November 2019
Debenture is now May 31, 2021.
Dr. Isa
Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors, and
executive officers of the Company, are the holders of the 2018
Debenture, the May 2019 Debenture and the November 2019
Debenture.
Deferred Share Units
At
November 30, 2020, there were no DSUs issued and outstanding. From
November 30, 2020 to March 31, 2021, no additional DSUs have been
issued.
Restricted Share Units
At
November 30, 2020, there were no restricted share units
(“RSUs”) issued
and outstanding. From November 30, 2020 to the date of this report,
no RSUs have been issued. At March 31, 2021, 33,000 RSUs are
reserved for issuance under our RSU Plan.
Prior Sales
During
the 12-month period prior to the date of this annual report, we
have issued common shares, or securities convertible into common
shares, as follows:
In
January 2013, the Company completed the private placement financing
of the unsecured convertible 2013 Debenture in the original
principal amount of $1.5 million. The 2013 Debenture bore interest
at a rate of 12% per annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any
time at the option of the Company and is convertible at any time
into common shares at a conversion price of $30.00 per common share
at the option of the holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, who are
directors, executive officers and shareholders of our Company,
provided us with the original $1.5 million of the proceeds for the
2013 Debenture. In December 2016, a principal repayment of $150,000
was made on the 2013 Debenture and the maturity date was extended
until April 1, 2017. Effective March 28, 2017, the maturity date of
the 2013 Debenture was extended to October 1, 2017. Effective
September 28, 2017, the maturity date of the 2013 Debenture was
further extended to October 1, 2018. Effective October 1, 2018, the
maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to April
1, 2019. Effective April 1, 2019, the maturity date for the 2013
Debenture was further extended to May 1, 2019. In December 2018, a
principal repayment of $300,000 was made on the 2013
Debenture.
On April 4, 2019, a tentative approval from TSX was received for a
proposed refinancing of the 2013 Debenture, subject to certain
conditions being met. As a result of the proposed refinancing, the
principal amount owing under the 2013 Debenture was refinanced by
the May 2019 Debenture. On May 1, 2019, the May 2019 Debenture was
issued with a principal amount of $1,050,000, that will mature on
November 1, 2019, bear interest at a rate of 12% per annum and be
convertible into 1,779,661 common shares of the Company at a
conversion price of $0.59 per common share. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr.
Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors, and executive
officers of the Company, are the holders of the May 2019 Debenture.
The maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture has been extended from
time to time and the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture is
now May 31, 2021.
On September 10, 2018, the Company issued the 2018 Debenture. The
2018 Debenture bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum, payable
monthly, may be prepaid at any time at our option, and is
convertible into common shares at any time prior to the maturity
date at a conversion price of $3.00 per common share at the option
of the holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, who are directors,
executive officers and shareholders of our Company, provided us
with the original $500,000 of proceeds for the 2018 Debenture. The
maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was originally September 1,
2020. Effective September 1, 2020, the maturity date for the 2018
Debenture was extended to November 30, 2020. Effective November 30,
2020, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended
to May 31, 2021.
On
November 15, 2019, we issued to Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, by way of
a private placement, the November 2019 Debenture. The principal
amount owing under the November 2019 Debenture is convertible at
any time and from time to time into common shares at a conversion
price equal to U.S. $0.12 per common share. Up to an aggregate of
2,083,333 common shares may be issued upon conversion of the
principal amount owing under the November 2019 Debenture. The
November 2019 Debenture bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum
(calculated monthly) and, subject to our right to prepay the
November 2019 Debenture in whole or in part at any time without
penalty, matures on December 31, 2019. The maturity date for the
November 2019 Debenture has been extended from time to time and the
maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture is now May 31,
2021.
During
the 12-month period ended November 30, 2020, warrants (including
Pre-Funded Warrants) to purchase an aggregate of 1,592,249 common
shares were exercised.
During
the 12-month period ended November 30, 2020, no options were
granted, and no options were exercised.
During
the 12-month period ended November 30, 2020, no DSUs were granted,
and no DSUs were exercised.
The
Company was formed under the CBCA by articles of arrangement dated
October 22, 2009 (as amended, the “Articles”) in the IPC Arrangement
Transaction, as discussed in Item 16. The Company is the successor
issuer to Vasogen for reporting purposes under the U.S. Exchange
Act. The authorized share capital of the Company consists of an
unlimited number of common shares, all without nominal or par value
and an unlimited number of preference shares issuable in
series.
Following receipt of shareholder approval for a
reverse stock split (known as a share consolidation under Canadian
law) at our August 15, 2018 shareholders meeting, on September 12,
2018, we filed articles of amendment to effectuate a 1-for-10
reverse split, and our common shares began trading on each of
Nasdaq and TSX on a post-reverse split basis on September 14,
2018. In March 2019, a Nasdaq
Hearings Panel determined to delist the Company’s common
shares from Nasdaq based upon its non-compliance with the $1.00
minimum bid price requirement, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule
5550(a)(2). The suspension of trading on Nasdaq took effect at the
open of business on March 21, 2019. The Company’s common
shares began trading on the OTCQB commencing on March 21, 2019. The
Company’s common shares are also listed on the
TSX.
Provisions as to
the modification, amendment or variation of rights and provisions
of each class of shares are contained in the CBCA and the
regulations promulgated thereunder. Certain fundamental changes to
the Articles will require the approval of at least two-thirds of
the votes cast on a resolution submitted to a special meeting of
the Company’s shareholders called for the purpose of
considering the resolution. These items include (i) certain
amendments to the provisions relating to the outstanding capital of
the Company, (ii) a sale of all or substantially all of the assets
of the Company, (iii) an amalgamation of the Company with another
company, other than a subsidiary, (iv) a winding-up of the Company,
(v) a continuance of the Company into another jurisdiction, (vi) a
statutory court approved arrangement under the CBCA (essentially a
corporate reorganization such as an amalgamation, sale of assets,
winding-up, etc.), or (vii) a change of name.
Under
the CBCA, a corporation cannot repurchase its shares or pay or
declare dividends if there are reasonable grounds for believing
that (a) the corporation is, or after payment would be, unable to
pay its liabilities as they become due, or (b) after the payment,
the realizable value of the corporation’s assets would be
less than the aggregate of (i) its liabilities and (ii) its stated
capital of all classes of its securities. Generally, stated capital
is the amount paid on the issuance of a share unless the stated
capital has been adjusted in accordance with the CBCA.
General
The
Articles do not contain any restrictions on the business the
Company may carry on.
Directors
The
Company’s By-Law No. 1 (a by-law relating generally to the
transaction of the business and affairs of the Company) provides
for the indemnification of the directors and officers of the
Company, former directors and officers of the Company against all
costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an
action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual
in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or
other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of
that association with the Company, subject to certain limitations
in By-Law No. 1 and the limitations in the CBCA.
The
Company may also indemnify other individuals who act or acted at
the Company’s request as a director or officer, or an
individual acting in a similar capacity, of another
entity.
Annual and Special Meetings
Meetings of
shareholders are held at such place, at such time, on such day and
in such manner as the Board may, subject to the CBCA and any other
applicable laws, determine from time to time. The only persons
entitled to attend a meeting of shareholders are those persons
entitled to notice thereof, those entitled to vote thereat, the
directors, the auditors of the Company and any others who may be
entitled or required under the CBCA to be present at the meeting.
Under the CBCA, notice of the meeting is required to be given not
less than 21 days and not more than 60 days prior to the meeting.
Shareholders on the record date are entitled to attend and vote at
the meeting. The quorum for the transaction of business at any
meeting of shareholders is at least two persons present at the
opening of the meeting who are entitled to vote either as
shareholders or proxyholders, representing collectively not less
than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Company entitled to be
voted at the meeting.
There
is no by-law provisions governing the ownership threshold above
which shareholder ownership must be disclosed. However, there are
disclosure requirements pursuant to applicable Canadian
law.
There
are no provisions in either the Company’s Articles or By-Law
No. 1 that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change in control of the Company and that would
operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate
restructuring involving the Company or its subsidiary.
There
are no limitations on the rights to own securities, including the
rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise
voting rights on the securities imposed by foreign law or by the
charter or other constituent document of the Company.
Except
for contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business and
not required to be filed under Canadian securities laws, the only
contracts which are regarded as material and which were entered
into by the Company within the two years immediately preceding the
date of this annual report, are:
●
On November 21,
2005, the Company entered into the Par agreement (as amended on
August 12, 2011 and September 24, 2013), pursuant to which the
Company granted Par an exclusive, royalty-free license to make and
distribute in the United States all strengths of our generic
Focalin XR®
(dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release) capsules for a
period of 10 years from the date of commercial launch (which was
November 19, 2013). Under the Par agreement, we made a filing with
the FDA for approval to market generic Focalin XR® capsules in
various strengths in the U.S., and are the owner of that Company
ANDA, as approved in part by the FDA. We retain the right to make
and distribute all strengths of the generic product outside of the
U.S. Calendar quarterly profit-sharing payments for its U.S. sales
under the Company ANDA are payable by Par to us as calculated
pursuant to the Par agreement. Within the purview of the Par
agreement, Par also applied for and owns the Par ANDA pertaining to
all marketed strengths of generic Focalin XR®, and is now
approved by the FDA, to market generic Focalin XR® capsules in all
marketed strengths in the U.S. As with the Company ANDA, calendar
quarterly profit-sharing payments are payable by Par to us for its
U.S. sales of generic Focalin XR® under the Par
ANDA as calculated pursuant to the Par agreement. The Company is
responsible under the Par agreement for the development of the
product and most related costs which, with the applications to and
recent approvals by the FDA, the Company now considers to be
completed.
●
In January 2013,
the Company completed the private placement financing of the 2013
Debenture, an unsecured debenture in the original principal amount
of $1.5 million. The 2013 Debenture bore interest at a rate of 12%
per annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the
option of the Company and was convertible at any time into common
shares at a conversion price of $30.00 per common share at the
option of the holder. Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi, who are directors,
executive officers and shareholders of our Company, provided us
with the original $1.5 million of the proceeds for the 2013
Debenture. In December 2016, a principal repayment of $150,000 was
made on the 2013 Debenture and the maturity date was extended until
April 1, 2017. Effective March 28, 2017, the maturity date of the
2013 Debenture was extended to October 1, 2017. Effective September
28, 2017, the maturity date of the 2013 Debenture was further
extended to October 1, 2018. Effective October 1, 2018, the
maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to April
1, 2019. Effective April 1, 2019, the maturity date for the 2013
Debenture was further extended to May 1, 2019. In December 2018, a
principal repayment of $300,000 was made on the 2013 Debenture. As
a result of a refinancing transaction, the principal amount owing
under the 2013 Debenture was refinanced by the May 2019 Debenture.
On May 1, 2019, the May 2019 Debenture was issued in the principal
amount of $1,050,000. The May 2019 Debenture bears interest at a
rate of 12% per annum and is convertible into 1,779,661 common
shares of the Company at a conversion price of $0.59 per common
share. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders,
directors, and executive officers of the Company, are the holders
of the May 2019 Debenture. The original maturity of the May 2019
Debenture was November 1, 2019. The maturity date for the May 2019
Debenture has been extended from time to time and the maturity date
for the May 2019 Debenture is now May 31, 2021. No interest was paid on the May
2019 Debenture for the year ended November 30, 2020.
●
Pursuant to
placement agent agreements entered dated March 12, 2018 and March
18, 2018 between the Company and Wainwright, the Company completed,
in March 2018, two registered direct offerings. The first offering
consisted of 583,333 common shares at a price of $6.00 per share
for gross proceeds of approximately $3.5 million. We also issued to
the investors unregistered warrants to purchase an aggregate of
291,666 common shares at an exercise price of $6.00 per share. The
warrants became exercisable six months following the closing date
and will expire 30 months after the date they became exercisable.
After commissions and offering expenses, we received net proceeds
of approximately $3.0 million. We also issued to the placement
agents warrants to purchase 29,166 common shares at an exercise
price of $7.50 per share. In the second registered direct offering,
we issued 300,000 common shares at a price of $6.00 per share for
gross proceeds of $1.8 million. We also issued to the investors
unregistered warrants to purchase an aggregate of 150,000 common
shares at an exercise price of $6.00 per share. The warrants became
exercisable six months following the closing date and will expire
30 months after the date they became exercisable. After commissions
and offering expenses, we received net proceeds of approximately
$1.6 million. We also issued to the placement agents warrants to
purchase 15,000 common shares at an exercise price of $7.50 per
share.
●
On August 15, 2018,
the Company entered into an engagement letter (the
“2018 Wainwright Engagement
Letter”), pursuant to which Wainwright agreed to serve
as (i) exclusive placement agent or underwriter for any
offering in the United States of the securities of the Company to
take place within the following 5 months, and (ii) exclusive agent
or advisor in connection with the solicitation in respect of the
Company’s outstanding warrants. The Company agreed to pay
Wainwright a cash fee, or as to an underwritten offering an
underwriter discount, equal to a maximum of 8% of the aggregate
gross proceeds raised by the Company from the sale of securities in
each offering during the term of the engagement. The Company also
agreed to grant to Wainwright, or its designees, warrants to
purchase up to a maximum of 6% of the aggregate number of shares
sold in the offering and issued on each closing. The 2018
Wainwright Engagement Letter provides that such warrants should
have substantially the same terms as the other warrants sold in the
offering, except that their exercise price should equal 125% of the
offering price per share. The 2018 Wainwright Engagement Letter has
indemnity and other customary provisions for transactions of this
nature. The Company agreed to pay Wainwright a management fee equal
to 1% of the gross proceeds raised in the offering, a reimbursement
for non-accountable expenses of $35,000 and for up to $100,000 for
fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket
expenses, as well as a reimbursement for up to $10,000 for the
out-of-pocket costs of clearing agent settlement and financing. In
addition, the Company granted Wainwright, for a period of 10 months
from the closing of an offering, a right of first refusal to act as
sole book-running manager or sole placement agent for every future
public or private equity or debt offering using a manager or agent
by the Company, or any of its successors or subsidiaries. The
Company also agreed to a tail fee equal to the cash and warrant
compensation provided in connection an offering if any investor to
which Wainwright introduced the Company, or that Wainwright
contacted, with respect to an offering during the term of the
engagement provides the Company with capital in a public or private
offering, or financing or capital raising transaction during the
12-month period following termination of the Company’s
engagement of Wainwright.
●
On September 10,
2018, the Company completed a private placement financing of the
unsecured convertible 2018 Debenture in the principal amount of
$0.5 million. The 2018 Debenture was originally scheduled to mature
on September 1, 2020. The 2018 Debenture bears interest at a rate
of 10% per annum, payable monthly, is pre-payable at any time at
the option of the Company and is convertible at any time into
common shares of the Company at a conversion price of $3.00 per
common share at the option of the holder. Effective September 1,
2020, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was extended to
November 30, 2020. Effective November 30, 2020, the maturity date
for the 2018 Debenture was extended to May 31, 2021. No interest
was paid on the 2018 Debenture for the year ended November 30,
2020.
●
In October 2018, we
completed an underwritten public offering in the United States,
resulting in the sale to the public of 827,970 units at $0.75 per
unit, which were comprised of one common share and one 2018 Unit
Warrant exercisable at $0.75 per share. We concurrently sold an
additional 1,947,261 common shares and 2018 Option Warrants to
purchase 2,608,695 common shares exercisable at $0.75 per share
pursuant to the over-allotment option exercised in part by the
underwriter. The price for the common shares issued in
connection with exercise of the overallotment option was $0.74 per
share and the price for the warrants issued in connection with the
exercise of the overallotment option was $0.01 per warrant, less in
each case the underwriting discount. In addition, we issued
16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Units, each 2018 Pre-Funded Unit
consisting of one 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase one common
share and one 2018 Warrant to purchase one common share. The 2018
Pre-Funded Units were offered to the public at $0.74 each, and a
2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable at $0.01 per share. Each
2018 Firm Warrant is exercisable immediately and has a term of five
years and each 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable immediately
and until all 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised. We also
issued October 2018 Placement Agent Warrants to the placement
agents to purchase 1,160,314 common shares at an exercise price of
$0.9375 per share, which were exercisable immediately upon
issuance. In aggregate, the Company issued 2,775,231 common shares,
16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants and 20,000,000 2018 Firm
Warrants in addition to 1,160,314 October 2018 Placement Agent
Warrants. During the year ended November 30, 2018, 12,153,334 2018
Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised for proceeds of
$121,553.
●
On August 15, 2019,
we announced we had entered into a license and commercial supply
agreement with Tris Pharma, by which we granted Tris Pharma an
exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in the United
States, Quetiapine ER in the 50, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mg strengths
approved for sale in the U.S. market by the FDA. Several
other generic versions of these licensed products are currently
available in the market.
●
On September 5,
2019, we announced we had entered into a license and commercial
supply agreement with Tris Pharma, by which we granted Tris Pharma
an exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in the United
States, Desvenlafaxine Succinate ER in the 50 and 100 mg strengths
approved for sale in the U.S. market by the FDA. Several other generic versions of these
licensed products are currently available in the
market.
●
In September 2019,
the Company issued two unsecured, non-interest bearing promissory
notes, with no fixed repayment terms, in the amounts of US$6,500
and CDN$203,886, to Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi,
shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company. The
proceeds from such notes were used for working capital and general
corporate purposes.
●
On November 15,
2019 the Company issued the November 2019 Debenture. The November
2019 Debenture is an unsecured convertible debenture in the
principal amount of $250,000, bears interest at a rate of 12% per
annum and is convertible into 2,083,333 common shares of the
Company, at a conversion price of $0.12 per common share. The
Company used the proceeds from the November 2019 Debenture for
working capital and general corporate purposes. Dr. Isa Odidi and
Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors, and executive
officers of the Company, are the holders of the November 2019
Debenture. The original maturity of the November 2019 Debenture was
December 31, 2019. The maturity date for the November 2019
Debenture has been extended from time to time and the maturity date
is now May 31, 2021. No interest was paid on the November 2019
Debenture for the year ended November 30, 2020.
●
On November 25,
2019, we announced that we had entered into a license and
commercial supply agreement with Tris Pharma, by which we granted
Tris Pharma an exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in
the United States, Venlafaxine ER in the 37.5, 75, and 150 mg
strengths approved for sale in the US market by the FDA. Several
other generic versions of these licensed products are currently
available in the market.
●
On December 23,
2019, the Company entered into an engagement letter with Wainwright
(the “2019 Wainwright
Engagement Letter”) pursuant to which Wainwright
agreed to serve as (i) exclusive agent or underwriter in any
offering in the United States of securities of the Company during
the term of the agreement and (ii) exclusive agent or advisor
with respect to the solicitation with respect to the
Company’s outstanding warrants. The engagement had a term of
four months. The Company agreed to pay Wainwright a cash fee, or as
to an underwritten offering an underwriter discount, equal to a
maximum of 8% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in each
closing from the sale of securities or warrants in each offering
during the term of the engagement. The Company also agreed to grant
to Wainwright, or its designees, warrants to purchase up to a
maximum of 6% of the aggregate number of shares sold in the
offering and issued on each closing. The 2019 Wainwright Engagement
Letter provides that such warrants should have the same terms as
the other warrants sold in the offering, except that their exercise
price should equal 125% of the offering price per share. The 2019
Wainwright Engagement Letter has indemnity and other customary
provisions for transactions of this nature. The Company agreed to
pay Wainwright a management fee equal to 1% of the gross proceeds
raised in the offering, a reimbursement for non-accountable
expenses of $35,000 and for up to $100,000 for fees and expenses of
legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses as well as a
reimbursement for up to $10,000 for the out-of-pocket costs of
clearing agent settlement and financing. In addition, the Company
granted Wainwright, for a period of 12 months from the closing of
an offering, a right of first refusal to act as sole book-running,
sole manager, sole placement agent, sole underwriter or sole agent
for every future public or private equity or debt offering using a
manager or agent by the Company, or any of its successors or
subsidiaries. The Company also agreed to a tail fee equal to the
cash and warrant compensation provided in connection with an
offering if any investor to which Wainwright introduced the
Company, or that Wainwright contacted, with respect to an offering
during the term of the engagement provides the Company with capital
in a public or private offering, or financing or capital raising
transaction during the 12 month period following termination of the
Company’s engagement of Wainwright.
●
On August 20, 2020,
The Company extended its lease for the premises (30 Worcester Road)
that it currently operates from, for one year, commencing December
1, 2020, with an option to continue on a month-to-month basis after
November 30, 2021.
Canada
has no system of currency exchange controls. There are no
governmental laws, decrees or regulations in Canada that restrict
the export or import of capital, including but not limited to,
foreign exchange controls, or that affect the remittance of
dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of
the Company’s securities.
United States Taxation
Certain Material United States Federal Income Tax
Considerations
The
following discussion is a general summary of certain material
United States federal income tax considerations applicable to a
U.S. holder arising from and relating to the consequences of the
ownership and disposition of our common shares and warrants that
are generally applicable to a United States person that holds our
common shares as capital assets (a “U.S. Holder”) within the meaning
of Section 1221 of the Code. This discussion does not address
holders of other securities. This discussion assumes that we are
not a “controlled foreign corporation” for U.S. federal
income tax purposes. The following discussion does not purport to
be a complete analysis of all of the potential United States
federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to
particular holders of our common shares or warrants in light of
their particular circumstances nor does it deal with persons that
are subject to special tax rules, such as brokers, dealers in
securities or currencies, financial institutions, insurance
companies, tax-exempt organizations, persons liable for alternative
minimum tax, U.S. expatriates, partnerships or other pass-through
entities, U.S. Holders who own (directly, indirectly or by
attribution) ten percent or more of either (i) the total combined
voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or (ii) the
value of all of our outstanding stock, persons holding our common
shares as part of a straddle, hedge or conversion transaction or as
part of a synthetic security or other integrated transaction,
traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of
accounting for their securities holdings, holders whose
“functional currency” is not the United States dollar,
and holders who are not U.S. Holders. In addition, the discussion
below does not address the tax consequences of the law of any
state, locality or foreign jurisdiction or United States federal
tax consequences (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than those
pertaining to the income tax. There can be no assurance that the
IRS will take a view similar to those described in this summary as
to any of the tax consequences discussed below.
The
following is based on currently existing provisions of the Code,
existing and proposed Treasury regulations under the Code and
current administrative rulings and court decisions. The applicable
statutes, regulations, court precedents and other authorities may
change, possibly on a retroactive basis, and any change could
affect the continuing validity of this discussion. We cannot
predict whether, when, or to what extent U.S. federal tax laws will
be changed, or regulations, interpretations, or rulings will be
issued or revoked, nor is the long-term impact of the significant
changes made to the Code in 2017 or thereafter known at this
time.
Each
U.S. Holder and each holder of common shares that is not a U.S.
Holder should consult its tax adviser regarding the United States
federal income tax consequences of holding our common shares
applicable to such holder in light of its particular situation, as
well as any tax consequences that may arise under the laws of any
other relevant foreign, state, local, or other taxing
jurisdiction.
As used
in this section, the term “United States person” means a
beneficial owner of our common shares that is:
(i)
a citizen or an
individual resident of the United States;
(ii)
a corporation (or
an entity taxable as a corporation for United States federal income
tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the
United States or any political subdivision of the United
States;
(iii)
an estate the
income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation
regardless of its source; or
(iv)
a trust which (A)
is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States
and the control of a United States person as described in Section
7701(a)(30) of the Code; or (B) is subject to a valid election
under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United
States person.
If a
partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our common
shares, the United States federal income tax treatment of a partner
generally will depend on the status of the partner and the
activities of the partnership. A United States person that is a
partner of the partnership holding our common shares should consult
its own tax adviser.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
(PFIC)
Special, generally
unfavorable, U.S. federal income tax rules apply to a U.S.
Holder’s ownership and disposition of the stock or warrants
of a PFIC. As discussed below, however, a U.S. Holder of our common
shares (but not our warrants) may be able to mitigate these
consequences by making a timely and effective QEF Election or by
making a timely and effective mark-to-market election with respect
to our common shares that are owned by such holder.
For
U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreign corporation is
classified as a PFIC for each taxable year in which, applying the
relevant look-through rules, either:
●
at least 75% of its
gross income for the taxable year consists of specified types of
“passive” income (referred to as the “income
test”); or
●
at least 50% of the
average value of its assets during the taxable year is attributable
to certain types of assets that produce passive income or are held
for the production of passive income (referred to as the
“asset test”).
For
purposes of the income and asset tests, if a foreign corporation
owns directly or indirectly at least 25% (by value) of the stock of
another corporation, that foreign corporation will be treated as if
it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other
corporation and received its proportionate share of the income of
that other corporation. Under regulations proposed in 2020, similar
rules would apply to a foreign corporation’s proportionate
shares of the assets and income of a partnership in which it held,
directly or indirectly, at least a 25% interest (measured by
value). Also, for purposes of the income and asset tests, passive
income does not include any income that is an interest, dividend,
rent or royalty payment if it is received or accrued from a related
person to the extent that amount is properly allocable to the
active income of the related person. Under applicable attribution
rules, if the Company is a PFIC, U.S. Holders of common shares will
be treated as holding stock of the Company’s subsidiaries
that are PFICs in certain circumstances. In these circumstances,
certain dispositions of, and distributions on, stock of such
subsidiaries may have consequences for U.S. Holders under the PFIC
rules.
We
believe that we were not a PFIC during our 2020 taxable year and
are unlikely to be a PFIC during our 2021 taxable year. Because
PFIC status is based on our income, assets and activities for the
entire taxable year, and our market capitalization, it is not
possible to determine whether we will be characterized as a PFIC
for the 2021 taxable year until after the close of the taxable
year. The tests for determining PFIC status are subject to a number
of uncertainties. These tests are applied annually, and it is
difficult to accurately predict the composition of our future
income and assets and the nature of our future activities relevant
to this determination. In addition, because the market price of our
common shares is likely to fluctuate, the market price may affect
the determination of whether we will be considered a PFIC.
Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will not constitute
a PFIC in the current (or any future) tax year or that the IRS will
not challenge any determination made by us concerning our PFIC
status. Absent one of the elections described below, if we are a
PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our
common shares, such U.S. Holder’s share of our income for
such year will continue to be subject to the regime described
below, regardless of whether we cease to meet the PFIC tests in one
or more subsequent years.
If we
are a PFIC, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S.
Holder of the ownership and disposition of our shares will depend
on whether such U.S. Holder makes a QEF or mark-to-market election.
Unless otherwise provided by the IRS, a U.S. Holder of our shares
is generally required to file an informational return annually to
report its ownership interest in us during any year in which we are
a PFIC.
U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISERS ABOUT THE PFIC
RULES, THE POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY OF THESE RULES TO THE COMPANY
CURRENTLY AND IN THE FUTURE, AND THEIR FILING OBLIGATIONS IF THE
COMPANY IS A PFIC.
The “No Election” Alternative – Taxation of
Excess Distributions
If we
are classified as a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder
has held common shares or warrants and, in the case of our common
shares, that U.S. Holder has not made a QEF Election or a
mark-to-market election, special rules may subject that U.S. Holder
to increased tax liability, including loss of favorable capital
gains rates and the imposition of an interest charge upon the sale
or other disposition of the common shares or warrants or upon the
receipt of any excess distribution (as defined below). Under these
rules:
●
the gain, if any,
realized on such disposition will be allocated ratably over the
U.S. Holder’s holding period;
●
the amount of gain
allocated to the current taxable year and any year prior to the
first year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income
in the current year;
●
the amount of gain
allocated to each of the taxable years other than the year in which
the excess distribution occurs and pre-PFIC years will be subject
to tax at the highest ordinary income tax rate for corporations or
individuals, as the case may be, in effect for that year;
and
●
an interest charge
for the deemed deferral benefit will be imposed with respect to the
resulting tax attributable to each of such other taxable
years.
These
rules will continue to apply to the U.S. Holder even after we cease
to meet the definition of a PFIC, unless the U.S. Holder elects to
be treated as having sold our common shares on the last day of the
last taxable year in which we qualified as a PFIC.
An
“excess distribution,” in general, is any distribution
on common shares received in a taxable year by a U.S. Holder that
is greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received
by that U.S. Holder with respect to those shares in the three
preceding taxable years or, if shorter, during that U.S.
Holder’s holding period for common shares.
Any
portion of a distribution paid to a U.S. Holder that does not
constitute an excess distribution will be treated as ordinary
dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits (as computed for U.S. federal income tax
purposes). Such dividends generally will not qualify for any
dividends-received deduction otherwise available to U.S.
corporations. Any amounts paid by a PFIC that are treated as
dividends generally will not constitute “qualified dividend
income” within the meaning of Section 1(h)(11) of the Code
and will, therefore, not be eligible for the preferential 20% U.S.
federal income tax rate for such income generally in effect for
individuals under current law. Any such amounts in excess of our
current and accumulated earnings and profits will be applied
against the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares and,
to the extent in excess of such tax basis, will be treated as gain
from a sale or exchange of such shares. It is possible that any
such gain may be treated as an excess distribution.
The QEF Election Alternative
A U.S.
Holder of common shares (but not warrants) who elects (an
“Electing U.S.
Holder”) under Section 1295 of the Code, in a timely
manner to treat us as a QEF would generally include in gross income
(and be subject to current U.S. federal income tax on) its pro rata
share of (a) the Company’s ordinary earnings, as ordinary
income, and (b) our net capital gains, as long-term capital gain.
An Electing U.S. Holder will generally be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on such amounts for each taxable year in which we are
classified as a PFIC, regardless of whether such amounts are
actually distributed to the Electing U.S. Holder. An Electing U.S.
Holder may further elect, in any given taxable year, to defer
payment of U.S. federal income tax on such amounts to the extent
they remain undistributed, subject to certain limitations. However,
if payment of such tax is deferred, the taxes ultimately paid will
be subject to an interest charge calculated from the due date of
the tax return for the relevant year with respect to which the QEF
election applies until the date the tax is paid.
A U.S.
Holder may not make a QEF election with respect to its warrants to
acquire our common shares. As a result, if a U.S. Holder sells or
otherwise disposes of such warrants (other than upon exercise of
such warrants), any gain recognized generally will be subject to
the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an
excess distribution, as described above, if we were a PFIC at any
time during the period the U.S. Holder held the warrants. If a U.S.
Holder that exercises such warrants properly makes a QEF election
with respect to the newly acquired common shares (or has previously
made a QEF election with respect to our common shares), the QEF
election will apply to the newly acquired common shares, but the
adverse tax consequences attributable to the period prior to
exercise of the warrants, adjusted to take into account the current
income inclusions resulting from the QEF election, will continue to
apply with respect to such newly acquired common shares (which
generally will be deemed to have a holding period for purposes of
the PFIC rules that includes the period the U.S. Holder held the
warrants), unless the U.S. Holder makes a purging election under
the PFIC rules. The purging election causes the U.S. Holder making
such election to be treated as selling such common shares at their
fair market value as of the effective date of the election (either
the last day of the last year that the Company was a PFIC or the
first day of the first taxable year for which a QEF election is in
effect). The gain recognized by the purging election will be
subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the
gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of
the purging election, the U.S. Holder will have a new basis and
holding period in the common shares acquired upon the exercise of
the warrants for purposes of the PFIC rules.
A U.S.
Holder may make a QEF Election only if the Company furnishes the
U.S. Holder with certain tax information. If the Company should
determine that it is a PFIC, it is anticipated that it will attempt
to timely and accurately disclose the relevant information to its
U.S. Holders and provide U.S. Holders with information reasonably
required to make such election.
A U.S.
Holder that makes a QEF Election with respect to the Company
generally (a) may receive a tax-free distribution from the Company
to the extent that such distribution is considered to be paid out
of “earnings and profits” of the Company that were
previously included in income by the U.S. Holder because of such
QEF Election and (b) increases the tax basis in his, her or its
common shares by the amount included in income and reduces that tax
basis by any amount treated as a tax-free distribution as a result
of the QEF Election.
Similarly, if any
of our non-U.S. subsidiaries were classified as PFICs, a U.S.
Holder that makes a timely QEF Election with respect to any of such
subsidiaries would be subject to the QEF rules as described above
with respect to the Holder’s pro rata share of the ordinary
earnings and net capital gains of any of the subsidiaries with
respect to which the election is made. Our earnings (or earnings of
any of our subsidiaries) attributable to distributions from any of
our subsidiaries that had previously been included in the income of
an Electing U.S. Holder under the QEF rules would generally not be
taxed to the Electing U.S. Holder again.
Upon
the sale or other disposition of common shares, an Electing U.S.
Holder who makes a QEF Election for the first taxable year for
which we are a PFIC in which it owns common shares (which election
remains in effect throughout such U.S. Holder’s ownership of
common shares) will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal
income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between
the net amount realized on the disposition and the U.S.
Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares. Such gain
or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S.
Holder’s holding period in the common shares is more than one
year, otherwise it will be short-term capital gain or loss. The
deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
A U.S. Holder’s gain realized upon the disposition of shares
generally will be treated as U.S. source income, and losses from
the disposition generally will be allocated to reduce U.S. source
income.
A QEF
Election must be made in a timely manner as specified in applicable
Treasury Regulations. Generally, the QEF Election must be made by
filing the appropriate QEF election documents at the time such U.S.
Holder timely files its U.S. federal income tax return for the
first taxable year of the Company during which it was a PFIC or, if
such holder has made a purging election, for the first taxable year
of the Company during which it was a PFIC following the period
covered by such purging election.
Each
U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the
availability of, procedure for making, and consequences of a QEF
Election with respect to the Company.
Mark-to-Market Election Alternative
Assuming that our
common shares are treated as marketable stock (as defined for these
purposes), a U.S. Holder that does not make a QEF Election may
avoid the application of the excess distribution rules, at least in
part, by electing, under Section 1296 of the Code, to mark the
common shares to market annually. Consequently, the U.S. Holder
will generally recognize as ordinary income or loss each year an
amount equal to the difference as of the close of the taxable year
between the fair market value of its common shares and the U.S.
Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares. Any
mark-to-market loss is treated as an ordinary deduction, but only
to the extent of the net mark-to-market gain that the Holder has
included pursuant to the election in prior tax years. Such U.S.
Holder’s basis in its common shares would be adjusted to
reflect any of these income or loss amounts. Any gain on a
disposition of our common shares by a U.S. Holder that has made
such a mark-to-market election would be treated as ordinary income.
Currently, a mark-to-market election may not be made with respect
to warrants.
For
purposes of making this election, stock of a foreign corporation is
“marketable” if it is “regularly traded” on
certain “qualified exchanges”. Under applicable
Treasury Regulations, a “qualified exchange” includes a
national securities exchange that is registered with the SEC or the
national market system established pursuant to Section 11A of the
U.S. Exchange Act, and certain foreign securities exchanges.
Currently, our common shares are traded on a “qualified
exchange.” Under applicable Treasury Regulations, PFIC stock
traded on a qualified exchange is “regularly traded” on
such exchange for any calendar year during which such stock is
traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days
during each calendar quarter. Special rules apply if an election is
made after the beginning of the taxpayer’s holding period in
PFIC stock.
To the
extent available, a mark-to-market election applies to the taxable
year in which such mark-to-market election is made and to each
subsequent taxable year, unless the Company’s common shares
cease to be “marketable stock” or the IRS consents to
revocation of such election. In addition, a U.S. Holder that has
made a mark-to-market election does not include mark-to-market
gains, or deduct mark-to-market losses, for years when the Company
is not classified as a PFIC.
The
mark-to-market rules generally do not appear to prevent the
application of the excess distribution rules in respect of stock of
any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries in the event that any of such
subsidiaries were considered PFICs. Accordingly, if we and any of
our non-U.S. subsidiaries were both considered PFICs and a U.S.
Holder made a mark-to-market election with respect to its common
shares, the U.S. Holder may remain subject to the excess
distribution rules described above with respect to the shares of
stock in our non-U.S. subsidiaries that such holder owns
indirectly.
U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE
POSSIBLE APPLICABILITY OF THE PFIC RULES AND THE AVAILABILITY OF,
PROCEDURES FOR MAKING, AND CONSEQUENCES OF A QEF ELECTION OR
MARK-TO-MARKET ELECTION WITH RESPECT TO THE COMPANY’S COMMON
SHARES.
Ownership and Disposition of Common Shares and Warrants to the
Extent that the PFIC Rules do not Apply
Distributions on Common Shares
If we
are not a PFIC, a U.S. Holder that receives a distribution,
including a constructive distribution, with respect to our common
shares will be required to include the amount of such distribution
in gross income as a dividend (without reduction for any Canadian
income tax withheld from such distribution) to the extent of the
current or accumulated “earnings and profits” of the
Company, as computed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Any
amount considered to be a dividend received by a U.S. Holder who is
an individual should be eligible for the 20% maximum rate of U.S.
federal income tax under Section 1(h)(11) of the Code. To the
extent that a distribution exceeds the current and accumulated
“earnings and profits” of the Company, such
distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital
to the extent of a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common
shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of such
common shares. (See “Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of
Common Shares” below). However, the Company may not maintain
the calculations of earnings and profits in accordance with U.S.
federal income tax principles, and each U.S. Holder should (unless
advised to the contrary) therefore assume that any distribution by
the Company with respect to the common shares will constitute
ordinary dividend income. Dividends received on common shares
generally will not be eligible for any “dividends received
deduction” otherwise available to certain less-than 10% U.S.
corporate shareholders. The dividend rules are complex, and each
U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the
application of such rules.
Adjustments to Warrants
The
terms of a warrant may provide for an adjustment to the number of
common shares for which the warrant may be exercised or to the
exercise price of the warrant in certain events. An adjustment
which has the effect of preventing dilution generally is not
taxable. However, the U.S. Holders of our warrants would be treated
as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example,
the adjustment increases the warrant holders’ proportionate
interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an
increase in the number of common shares that would be obtained upon
exercise) as a result of a related distribution of cash to the
holders of our common shares which is taxable to the U.S. Holders
of such common shares as described under “Distributions on
Common Shares” above. Such constructive distribution would be
subject to tax as described under that section in the same manner
as if the U.S. Holders of the warrants received a cash distribution
from us equal to the fair market value of such increased interest
in our assets or earnings and profits.
Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares
Upon
the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of common shares, a
U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an
amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of
cash received plus the fair market value of any property received
and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such common shares sold
or otherwise disposed of. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in common
shares that are not subject to the PFIC rules discussed above
generally will be such Holder’s U.S. dollar cost for such
common shares.
Gain or
loss recognized on such sale or other disposition generally will be
long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other
disposition, the common shares have been held for more than one
year. The long-term capital gains realized by non-corporate U.S.
Holders are generally subject to a lower marginal U.S. federal
income tax rate than ordinary income other than qualified dividend
income, as defined above. Currently, the maximum rate on long-term
capital gains is 20% (possibly supplemented by the 3.8% Medicare
surtax on net investment income described under “Additional
Considerations” below), although the actual rates may be
higher due to the phase out of certain tax deductions, exemptions
and credits. However, given the uncertain economic conditions in
the United States and the size of the federal deficit, tax rates
are subject to change. The deductibility of losses may be subject
to limitations. As a result of the complexities in the rules and
the uncertainty as to their future application, prospective U.S.
Holders should consult their tax advisors.
Warrants
Generally, no U.S.
federal income tax will be imposed upon the U.S. Holder of a
warrant upon exercise of such warrant to acquire our common shares.
A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in a warrant will generally be the
price paid for the warrant or, with respect to a warrant acquired
as part of an investment unit, the portion of the investment unit
purchase price that is allocated to the warrant. Upon exercise of a
warrant, the tax basis of the new common shares would be equal to
the sum of the tax basis of the warrants in the hands of the U.S.
Holder plus the exercise price paid, and the holding period of the
new common shares would begin on the date that the warrants are
exercised. If a warrant lapses without exercise, the U.S. Holder
will generally realize a capital loss equal to its tax basis in the
warrant. Prospective U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors
regarding the tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing
of warrants.
The tax
consequences of a cashless exercise of a warrant are not clear
under current tax law. A cashless exercise may be tax-free, either
because the exercise is not a gain realization event or because the
exercise is treated as a recapitalization for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. In either tax-free situation, a U.S. Holder’s
basis in the common shares received upon exercise would equal the
U.S. holder’s basis in the warrant. If the cashless exercise
were treated as not being a gain realization event, a U.S.
Holder’s holding period in the common shares so acquired
would be treated as commencing on the date following the date of
exercise of the warrant. If the cashless exercise were treated as a
recapitalization, the holding period of the common shares would
include the holding period of the warrant. It is also possible that
a cashless exercise could be treated as a taxable exchange in which
gain or loss would be recognized. In such event, a U.S. Holder
could be deemed to have surrendered warrants equal to the number of
common shares having a value equal to the exercise price for the
total number of warrants to be exercised. The U.S. Holder would
recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference
between the fair market value of the common shares represented by
the warrants deemed surrendered and the U.S. Holder’s tax
basis in the warrants deemed surrendered. If taxable exchange
treatment applied, a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common
shares received would equal the sum of the fair market value of the
common shares represented by the warrants deemed surrendered and
the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the warrants exercised. A U.S.
Holder’s holding period for the common shares would commence
on the date following the date of exercise of the warrant. Due to
the absence of authority on the U.S. federal income tax treatment
of a cashless exercise, there can be no assurance which, if any, of
the alternative tax consequences and holding periods described
above would be adopted by the IRS or a court of law. Accordingly,
U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax
consequences of a cashless exercise.
Additional Considerations
Tax-Exempt Investors
Special
considerations apply to U.S. persons that are pension plans and
other investors that are subject to tax only on their unrelated
business taxable income. Such a tax-exempt investor’s income
from an investment in our common shares or warrants generally will
not be treated as resulting in unrelated business taxable income
under current law, so long as such investor’s acquisition of
common shares or warrants is not debt-financed. Tax-exempt
investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding an
investment in our common shares or warrants.
Additional Tax on Net Investment Income
Certain
individuals, estates and trusts whose income exceeds certain
thresholds will generally be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax
on the lesser of (1) the U.S. Holder’s “net investment
income” for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of
the U.S. Holder’s modified gross income for the taxable year
over a certain threshold (which, in the case of individuals, will
generally be between U.S. $125,000 and U.S. $250,000 depending on
the individual’s circumstances). A U.S. Holder’s
“net investment income” may generally include, among
other items, certain interest, dividends, gain, and other types of
income from investments, minus the allowable deductions that are
properly allocable to that gross income or net gain. U.S. Holders
are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the
effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of
common shares or warrants.
Receipt of Foreign Currency
The
amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in foreign
currency, or on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of
common shares or warrants, generally will be equal to the U.S.
dollar value of such foreign currency based on the exchange rate
applicable on the date of receipt (regardless of whether such
foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time). A
U.S. Holder will have a basis in the foreign currency equal to its
U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any U.S. Holder who
converts or otherwise disposes of the foreign currency after the
date of receipt may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss
that would be treated as ordinary income or loss, and generally
will be U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes.
Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding
the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and
disposing of foreign currency.
Foreign Tax Credit
Subject
to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder that pays (whether
directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect
to dividends paid on the common shares generally will be entitled,
at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction
or a credit for such Canadian income tax paid. Generally, subject
to the limitations described in the next paragraph, a credit will
reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on a
dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S.
Holder’s income subject to U.S. federal income tax. This
election is made on a year-by-year basis and generally applies to
all foreign income taxes paid (whether directly or through
withholding) or accrued by a U.S. Holder during a
year.
Complex
limitations apply to the foreign tax credit, including the general
limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of
a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (determined
before application of the foreign tax credit) that such U.S.
Holder’s “foreign source” taxable income bears to
such U.S. Holder’s worldwide taxable income. In applying this
limitation, a U.S. Holder’s various items of income and
deduction must be classified, under complex rules, as either
“foreign source” or “U.S. source.”
Generally, dividends paid by a foreign corporation should be
treated as foreign source for this purpose, and gains recognized on
the sale of stock of a foreign corporation by a U.S. Holder should
generally be treated as U.S. source for this purpose, except as
otherwise provided in an applicable income tax treaty or if an
election is properly made under the Code. However, due to
differences between Canadian and U.S. income tax rules, the amount
of a distribution with respect to the common shares that is treated
as a “dividend” may be lower for U.S. federal income
tax purposes than it is for Canadian federal income tax purposes,
resulting in a potentially reduced foreign tax credit allowance to
a U.S. Holder. In addition, this limitation is calculated
separately with respect to specific categories of income. The
foreign tax credit rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should
consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the foreign tax credit
rules.
State and Local Tax
In
addition to the U.S. federal income tax discussed above, U.S.
Holders may also be subject to state and local income taxation for
amounts received on the disposition of common shares and on
dividends received. Amounts paid to U.S. Holders will not have
state and local tax amounts withheld from payments and U.S. Holders
should consult with a tax advisor regarding the state and local
taxation implications of such amounts received.
Information Reporting
In
general, U.S. Holders of common shares are subject to certain
information reporting under the Code relating to their purchase
and/or ownership of stock of a foreign corporation such as the
Company. Failure to comply with these information reporting
requirements may result in substantial penalties.
For
example, U.S. federal income tax information reporting rules
generally require certain individuals who are U.S. Holders to file
Form 8938 to report the ownership of specified foreign financial
assets if the total value of those assets exceeds an applicable
threshold amount (subject to certain exceptions). For these
purposes, a specified foreign financial asset includes not only a
financial account (as defined for these purposes) maintained by a
foreign financial institution, but also any stock or security
issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract
held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a
U.S. person and any interest in a foreign entity, provided that the
asset is not held in an account maintained by a financial
institution. The minimum applicable threshold amount is generally
U.S. $50,000 in the aggregate, but this threshold amount varies
depending on whether the individual lives in the U.S., is married,
files a joint income tax return with his or her spouse, and on
certain other factors. Certain domestic entities that are U.S.
Holders may also be required to file Form 8938 if both (i) such
entities are owned at least 80% by an individual who is a U.S.
citizen or U.S. tax resident (or, in some cases, by a nonresident
alien who meets certain criteria) or are trusts with beneficiaries
that are such individuals and (ii) more than 50% of their income
consists of certain passive income or more than 50% of their assets
is held for the production of such income. U.S. Holders are urged
to consult with their tax advisors regarding their reporting
obligations, including the requirement to file IRS Form
8938.
In
addition, in certain circumstances, a U.S. Holder of common shares
who disposes of such common shares in a transaction resulting in
the recognition by such Holder of losses in excess of certain
significant threshold amounts may be obligated to disclose its
participation in such transaction in accordance with the Treasury
Regulations governing tax shelters and other potentially
tax-motivated transactions or tax shelter regulations. Potential
purchasers of common shares should consult their tax advisors
concerning any possible disclosure obligation under the tax shelter
rules with respect to the disposition of their common
shares.
Backup Withholding
Generally,
information reporting requirements will apply to distributions on
our common shares or proceeds on the disposition of our common
shares or warrants paid within the U.S. (and, in certain cases,
outside the U.S.) to U.S. Holders. Such payments will generally be
subject to backup withholding tax at the rate of 24% if: (a) a U.S.
Holder fails to furnish such U.S. Holder’s correct U.S.
taxpayer identification number to the payor (generally on Form
W-9), as required by the Code and Treasury Regulations, (b) the IRS
notifies the payor that the U.S. Holder’s taxpayer
identification number is incorrect, (c) a U.S. Holder is notified
by the IRS that it has previously failed to properly report
interest and dividend income, or (d) a U.S. Holder fails to
certify, under penalty of perjury, that such U.S. Holder has
furnished its correct U.S. taxpayer identification number. However,
certain exempt persons generally are excluded from these
information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup
withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under
the U.S. backup withholding tax rules will be allowed as a credit
against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if
any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. Holder furnishes required
information to the IRS in a timely manner. Each U.S. Holder should
consult its own tax advisor regarding the backup withholding
rules.
Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations
Taxation
The
following summary describes the principal Canadian federal income
tax considerations generally applicable to a holder of the
Company’s common shares who, for purposes of the Income Tax
Act (Canada) (the “Canadian
Tax Act”) and the Canada – United States Tax
Convention (the “Treaty”) and at all relevant
times, is resident in the United States and was not and is not
resident in Canada nor deemed to be resident in Canada, deals at
arm’s length and is not affiliated with the Company, holds
the Company’s common shares as capital property, does not use
or hold and is not deemed to use or hold the Company’s common
shares in or in the course of carrying on business in Canada and
who otherwise qualifies for the full benefit of the Treaty (a
“United States
Holder”). Special rules which are not discussed in
this summary may apply to a United States Holder that is a
financial institution, as defined in the Canadian Tax Act, or an
insurer carrying on business in Canada and elsewhere.
This
following summary is based on the current provisions of the Treaty,
the Canadian Tax Act and the regulations thereunder, all specific
proposals to amend the Canadian Tax Act and the regulations
announced by the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date
hereof and the Company’s understanding of the administrative
practices published in writing by the Canada Revenue Agency prior
to the date hereof. This summary does not take into account or
anticipate any other changes in the governing law, whether by
judicial, governmental or legislative decision or action, nor does
it take into account the tax legislation or considerations of any
province, territory or non-Canadian (including U.S.) jurisdiction,
which legislation or considerations may differ significantly from
those described herein.
All
amounts relevant in computing a United States Holder’s
liability under the Canadian Tax Act are to be computed in Canadian
currency based on the relevant exchange rate applicable
thereto.
This
summary is of a general nature only and is not intended to be, and
should not be interpreted as legal or tax advice to any prospective
purchaser or holder of the Company’s common shares and no
representation with respect to the Canadian federal income tax
consequences to any such prospective purchaser is made.
Accordingly, prospective purchasers and holders of the
Company’s common shares should consult their own tax advisors
with respect to their particular circumstances.
Dividends on the Company’s Common Shares
Generally,
dividends paid or credited by Canadian corporations to non-resident
shareholders are subject to a withholding tax of 25% of the gross
amount of such dividends. Pursuant to the Treaty, the withholding
tax rate on the gross amount of dividends paid or credited to
United States Holders is reduced to 15% or, in the case of a United
States Holder that is a U.S. corporation that beneficially owns at
least 10% of the voting stock of the Canadian corporation paying
the dividends, to 5% of the gross amount of such
dividends.
Pursuant to the
Treaty, certain tax-exempt entities that are United States Holders
may be exempt from Canadian withholding taxes, including any
withholding tax levied in respect of dividends received on the
Company’s common shares.
Disposition of the Company’s Common Shares
In
general, a United States Holder will not be subject to Canadian
income tax on capital gains arising on the disposition or deemed
disposition of the Company’s common shares, unless such
shares are “taxable Canadian property” within the
meaning of the Canadian Tax Act. Generally, a share listed on a
designated stock exchange for purposes of the Canadian Tax Act
(which includes the TSX and Nasdaq) will not be “taxable
Canadian property” to a United States Holder unless, at any
particular time during the 60 month period immediately preceding
the disposition (i) 25% or more of the issued shares of any class
or series of the particular corporation were owned by: (a) such
United States Holder, (b) by persons with whom the United States
Holder did not deal at arm’s length, (c) a partnership in
which the United States Holder, or persons with whom the United
States Holder did not deal at arm’s length, holds a
membership interest directly or indirectly through one or more
partnerships, or (d) any combination thereof, and (ii) the shares
derived more than 50% of their fair market value directly or
indirectly from one or any combination of real property situated in
Canada, “timber resource property”, “Canadian
resource property” (each as defined under the Canadian Tax
Act), or options in respect of, or interests or rights in any of
the foregoing.
The
value of the Company’s common shares is not now, and is not
expected to be in the future, derived more than 50% from any of
these properties. Consequently, any gain realized by a United
States Holder upon the disposition of the Company’s common
shares should be exempt from tax under the Canadian Tax
Act.
Dividends
and Paying Agents.
Not
Applicable
Not
Applicable
Copies
of the documents referred to in this annual report may be
inspected, during normal business hours, at the Company’s
headquarters located at 30 Worcester Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9W
5X2, Canada.
We are
required to file reports and other information with the SEC under
the U.S. Exchange Act. Reports and other information filed by us
with the SEC may be inspected and copied at the SEC’s public
reference facilities located at 100 F Street, N.E. in Washington
D.C. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that
contains certain reports and other information that we file
electronically with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are
exempt from the rules under the U.S. Exchange Act prescribing the
furnishing and content of proxy statements and our officers,
directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting
and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16
of the U.S. Exchange Act. Under the U.S. Exchange Act, as a foreign
private issuer, we are not required to publish financial statements
as frequently or as promptly as United States
companies.
We also
make our periodic reports, as well as other information filed with
or furnished to the SEC, available free of charge through our
website, at www.intellipharmaceutics.com,
as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports and other
information are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC.
The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in
this report.
See
Item 4.C of this annual report.
Qualitative
and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are
exposed to interest rate risk, which is affected by changes in the
general level of interest rates. Due to the fact that the
Company’s cash is deposited with major financial institutions
in an interest savings account, we do not believe that the results
of operations or cash flows would be affected to any significant
degree by a sudden change in market interest rates given their
relative short-term nature.
Trade
accounts receivable potentially subjects the Company to credit
risk. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal
to the estimated losses expected to be incurred in the collection
of accounts receivable.
The
following table sets forth details of the aged accounts receivable
that are not overdue as well as an analysis of overdue amounts and
the related allowance for doubtful accounts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
Accounts
receivable
|
66,384
|
177,202
|
|
Other
receivable
|
500,000
|
-
|
|
Less
allowance for doubtful accounts
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total
trade and other receivables, net
|
566,384
|
177,202
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not
past due
|
566,384
|
177,202
|
|
Past
due for more than 31 days
|
|
|
|
but no
more than 120 days
|
-
|
-
|
|
Past
due for more than 120 days
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total
trade and other receivables, gross
|
566,384
|
177,202
|
Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration
of credit risk consist principally of uncollateralized accounts
receivable. The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk is
equal to the potential amount of financial assets. For the year
ended November 30, 2020, one customer accounted for all the revenue
and accounts receivable of the Company. For the year ended November
30, 2019, two customers accounted for substantially all the revenue
and one customer accounted for all the accounts receivable of the
Company.
On July
2, 2020, the Company reached a stipulated dismissal agreement with
regards to all three cases in the litigation between Purdue and the
Company. In consideration of the confidential dismissal agreement
and for future saved litigation expenses, Purdue paid $2,000,000 to
the Company during the year ended November 30, 2020 and an
additional $500,000 in December 2020. The additional $500,000 was
recognized as other receivable within trade and other receivables
in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company
recognized $2,500,000 as gain on settlement in the consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended
November 30, 2020.
The
Company is also exposed to credit risk at period end from the
carrying value of its cash. The Company manages this risk by
maintaining bank accounts with a Canadian Chartered Bank. The
Company’s cash is not subject to any external
restrictions.
We are
exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates between the Canadian
and U.S. dollar which could affect the value of our cash. The
Company had no foreign currency hedges or other derivative
financial instruments as of November 30, 2020. The Company did not
enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative
purposes and does not currently utilize derivative financial
instruments.
The
Company has balances in Canadian dollars that give rise to exposure
to foreign exchange risk relating to the impact of translating
certain non-U.S. dollar balance sheet accounts as these statements
are presented in U.S. dollars. A strengthening U.S. dollar will
lead to a foreign exchange loss while a weakening U.S. dollar will
lead to a foreign exchange gain. For each Canadian dollar balance
of $1.0 million, a +/- 10% movement in the Canadian currency held
by the Company versus the U.S. dollar would affect the
Company’s loss and other comprehensive loss by $0.1
million.
Balances
denominated in foreign currencies that are considered financial
instruments are as follows:
|
|
November
30, 2020
|
November
30, 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FX
rates used to translate to U.S.
|
1.2965
|
|
1.3289
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
32,888
|
25,367
|
48,407
|
36,426
|
|
|
32,888
|
25,367
|
48,407
|
36,426
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable and accrued libilities
|
2,055,890
|
1,585,723
|
2,282,883
|
1,717,814
|
|
Employee
cost payable
|
2,158,978
|
1,665,236
|
1,187,856
|
893,864
|
|
|
4,214,868
|
3,250,959
|
3,470,739
|
2,611,678
|
|
Net
exposure
|
(4,181,980)
|
(3,225,592)
|
(3,422,332)
|
(2,575,252)
|
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is
the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty raising liquid
funds to meet its commitments as they fall due. In meeting its
liquidity requirements, the Company closely monitors its forecasted
cash requirements with expected cash drawdown.
The
following are the contractual maturities of the undiscounted cash
flows of financial liabilities as at November 30,
2020:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
4,103,966
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
4,103,966
|
|
Accrued
liabilities
|
1,780,272
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,780,272
|
|
Employee
costs payable
|
1,665,236
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,665,236
|
|
Operating
lease liability
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
-
|
163,904
|
|
Convertible
debentures
|
1,300,000
|
500,000
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,800,000
|
|
Promissory
notes payable
|
163,758
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
163,758
|
|
Total
contractual obligations
|
9,054,208
|
540,976
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
-
|
9,677,136
|
The
above discussion includes only those exposures that existed as of
November 30, 2020, and, as a result, does not consider exposures or
positions that could arise after that date. The Company’s
ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate and
exchange rate fluctuations would depend on the exposures that arise
during the period and interest and foreign exchange
rates.
Description
of Securities Other than Equity Securities.
Not
applicable.
Not
applicable.
Not
applicable.
American
Depositary Shares
None.
Defaults,
Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
There
have been no material defaults in the payment of any principal, but
the Company has not made interest payments on any related party
Debentures since July 2019. The holders of the Debentures have
waived any penalty related to the delayed payment of the interest
due. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has any preferred
shares outstanding.
Material
Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of
Proceeds
There
has been no material modification of the instruments defining the
rights of holders of any class of registered securities. There has
been no withdrawal or substitution of assets securing any class of
registered securities.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The
management of our Company is responsible for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for
the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process
designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and
fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the
Company’s assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and
expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations
of the Company’s management and directors, and (3) provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
Management assessed
the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting using the 1992 Internal Control-Integrated
Framework developed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
Based
on this assessment, management concluded that the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting was effective as of
November 30, 2020.
In the
second quarter of 2017, we initiated the transition from the COSO
1992 Internal Control - Integrated Framework to the COSO 2013
Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Management has completed
the business risk and information technology components and is
working towards completion of controls over financial reporting as
well as fraud risk. We currently expect the transition to this new
framework to continue through fiscal 2021. Although we do not
expect to experience significant changes in internal control over
financial reporting as a result of our transition, we may identify
significant deficiencies or material weaknesses and incur
additional costs in the future as a result of our
transition.
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Under
the supervision and with the participation of our management,
including the Chief Executive Officer and the acting Chief
Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our
disclosure controls and procedures as of November 30, 2020.
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the
information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports
it files or submits under securities legislation is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis and that such
information is accumulated and communicated to management,
including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow required disclosures to
be made in a timely fashion. Based on that evaluation, management
has concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were
effective as of November 30, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During
the year ended November 30, 2020, there were no changes made to the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect,
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, and
specifically, there were no changes in accounting functions, board
or related committees and charters, or auditors; no functions,
controls or financial reporting processes of any constituent
entities were adopted as the Company’s functions, controls
and financial processes; and no other significant business
processes were implemented.
Attestation of Internal Control over Financial
Reporting
This
annual report does not include an attestation report of our
independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal
control over financial reporting for the Company. As the Company is
a non-accelerated filer, management’s report is not subject
to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm
pursuant to SOX Section 404(c).
Audit
Committee Financial Expert.
Our
Audit Committee is comprised of Norman Betts, Kenneth Keirstead and
Bahadur Madhani, each of whom is considered independent and
financially literate (as such terms are defined under National
Instrument 52-110 – Audit Committee). The members of the
Audit Committee have selected a Chair from amongst themselves,
being Mr. Madhani.
Under
the SEC rules implementing SOX, Canadian issuers filing reports in
the United States must disclose whether their audit committees have
at least one “audit committee financial expert”.
Additionally, under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A), Nasdaq
requires that one member of the audit committee have “past
employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite
professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable
experience or background which results in the individual’s
financial sophistication, including being or having been a chief
executive officer, chief financial officer, or other senior officer
with financial oversight responsibilities.” The Board has
determined that Mr. Madhani qualifies as an Audit Committee
financial expert under the SEC rules and as financially
sophisticated under the Nasdaq rules.
The
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) has been
implemented and it applies to all directors, officers, employees of
the Company and its subsidiaries. It may be viewed on our website
at www.intellipharmaceutics.com. During the year ended November 30,
2020, no waivers or requests for exemptions from the Code of Ethics
were either requested or granted.
Principal
Accountant Fees and Services.
Our
current auditor is MNP LLP (“MNP”), Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm, 111 Richmond Street West, Suite 300,
Toronto, ON M5H 2G4. MNP is independent with respect to the Company
within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the
Chartered Professional Accountants of Ontario, the rules and
standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) and the securities laws and regulations administered by the
SEC.
The
following table summarizes the total fees paid or accrued by the
Company for audit and other services provided by MNP, the
Company’s external auditor since July 27, 2016, in relation
to the fiscal year ended November 30, 2020 and 2019:
|
|
|
|
Audit
Fees(1)
|
C$144,450
|
$C$171,200
|
|
Audit-Related
Fees(2)
|
C$108,070
|
$C$143,741
|
|
Tax
Fees(3)
|
C$78,431
|
$C$35,331
|
|
All Other
Fees(4)
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total
Fees
|
C$330,951
|
$C$350,272
|
Notes:
(1)
Audit fees consist
of fees related to the audit of the Company’s consolidated
financial statements.
(2)
Audit-related fees
consist of consultation on accounting and disclosure matters and
reviews of quarterly interim financial statements, prospectus and
base shelf activities and Form 20-F reviews.
(3)
Tax fees consist of
fees for tax consultation, tax advice and tax compliance services
for the Company and its subsidiaries.
(4)
All other fees
related to internal control reviews.
Under
applicable Canadian securities regulations, the Company is required
to disclose whether its Audit Committee has adopted specific
policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services
and to prepare a summary of these policies and procedures. The
Audit Committee’s responsibility is to approve all audit
engagement fees and terms as well as reviewing policies for the
provision of non-audit services by the external auditors and, when
required, the framework for pre-approval of such services. The
Audit Committee delegates to its Chairman the pre-approval of such
non-audit fees. For each of the years ended November 30, 2020 and
2019, all of the non-audit services provided by the Company’s
external auditor were approved by the Chairman of the Audit
Committee.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the
Listing Standards for Audit Committees.
Not
applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity
Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.
Neither
the Company nor, to our knowledge, any affiliated purchaser has
made any purchases of our registered shares during the last
financial year.
Item 16F. Change in
Registrant’s Certifying Accountant.
The
disclosure related to Item 16-F was previously reported, as that
term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the U.S. Exchange Act, in our
Form 20-F filed on February 28, 2017.
Item 16G. Corporate
Governance.
Not
applicable.
Item 16H. Mine Safety
Disclosure.
Not
applicable.
See
Item 18 below.
Consolidated
financial statements of
Intellipharmaceutics
International
Inc.
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
Table of
contents
|
Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
1
|
|
Consolidated
balance sheets
|
2
|
|
Consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss
|
3
|
|
Consolidated
statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency)
|
4
|
|
Consolidated
statements of cash flows
|
5
|
|
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
|
6-39
|
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of
Directors and Shareholders of Intellipharmaceutics International
Inc.:
Opinion
on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the
accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)
as of November 30, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss,
shareholders’ equity (deficiency), and cash flows for each of
the years in the three year period ended November 30, 2020, and the
related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated
financial statements).
In our opinion, the
consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of
November 30, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its consolidated
operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the years in
the three year period ended November 30, 2020, in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (US
GAAP).
Material
Uncertainty Related to Going Concern
The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that
the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note
1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has
suffered recurring losses from operations and has a net capital
deficiency that raise substantial doubt about its ability to
continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these
matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial
statements do not include any adjustments that might result from
the outcome of this uncertainty.
Change
in Accounting Principle
As discussed in
Note 3(t) of the consolidated financial statements, the Company has
changed its method of accounting for leases as of December 1, 2019
due to the adoption of ASC 842 Leases.
Basis
for Opinion
These consolidated
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our
audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are
required to be independent with respect to the Company in
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and
the PCAOB.
We conducted our
audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial
statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error
or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged
to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial
reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included
performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement
of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding
the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated
financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ MNP
LLP
Chartered
Professional Accountants
Licensed Public
Accountants
We have served as
the Company’s auditor since 2016.
Toronto,
Canada
February 28,
2021
|
Intellipharmaceutics International Inc.
|
|
|
Consolidated
balance sheets
|
|
|
|
As
at
|
|
|
|
(Stated
in U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
Current
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
202,046
|
64,622
|
|
Trade
and other receivables, net
|
566,384
|
177,202
|
|
Investment
tax credits
|
482,135
|
775,736
|
|
Prepaid
expenses, sundry and other assets
|
115,750
|
156,616
|
|
Inventory
(Note 3)
|
112,672
|
349,131
|
|
|
1,478,987
|
1,523,307
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property
and equipment, net (Note 5)
|
1,770,137
|
2,273,406
|
|
Right-of-use
asset (Note 9)
|
137,931
|
-
|
|
|
3,387,055
|
3,796,713
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
Current
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
4,103,966
|
3,757,018
|
|
Accrued
liabilities (Note 6)
|
1,780,272
|
927,698
|
|
Employee
costs payable (Note 8)
|
1,665,236
|
893,864
|
|
Operating
lease liability (Note 9)
|
157,110
|
-
|
|
Income
tax payable (Note 15)
|
38,511
|
5,678
|
|
Promissory
notes payable (Note 7)
|
163,758
|
159,863
|
|
Convertible
debentures (Note 7)
|
1,791,791
|
1,744,813
|
|
|
9,700,644
|
7,488,934
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,700,644
|
7,488,934
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders' deficiency
|
|
|
|
Capital
stock (Note 10)
|
|
|
|
Authorized
|
|
|
|
Unlimited
common shares without par value
|
|
|
|
Unlimited
preference shares
|
|
|
|
Issued
and outstanding
|
|
|
|
23,678,105
common shares
|
46,144,402
|
45,561,222
|
|
(November
30, 2019 - 22,085,856)
|
|
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
44,354,138
|
44,167,721
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
284,421
|
284,421
|
|
Accumulated
deficit
|
(97,096,550)
|
(93,705,585)
|
|
|
(6,313,589)
|
(3,692,221)
|
|
Contingencies
(Note 16)
|
|
|
|
|
3,387,055
|
3,796,713
|
|
|
|
|
|
On
behalf of the Board:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Dr. Isa
Odidi
/s/ Bahadur
Madhani
|
|
|
|
Dr. Isa Odidi, Chairman of the
Board
Bahadur Madhani,
Director
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
|
|
|
|
Intellipharmaceutics International Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive
loss
|
|
For the
years ended November 30, 2020, 2019 and
2018
|
|
(Stated
in U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
Licensing
(Note 3)
|
1,401,517
|
1,114,031
|
1,370,607
|
|
Up-front
fees (Note 3)
|
-
|
2,366,485
|
342,124
|
|
|
1,401,517
|
3,480,516
|
1,712,731
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of good sold
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
of goods sold
|
-
|
33,068
|
124,870
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Margin
|
1,401,517
|
3,447,448
|
1,587,861
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
3,517,018
|
6,608,794
|
10,827,293
|
|
Selling,
general and administrative
|
2,147,432
|
4,167,801
|
3,476,450
|
|
Depreciation
(Note 5)
|
415,375
|
505,803
|
610,384
|
|
|
6,079,825
|
11,282,398
|
14,914,127
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
(4,678,308)
|
(7,834,950)
|
(13,326,266)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
foreign exchange (loss) gain
|
(168,568)
|
(25,498)
|
8,592
|
|
Interest
income
|
-
|
13,535
|
227
|
|
Interest
expense
|
(969,653)
|
(247,516)
|
(255,231)
|
|
Financing
cost (Note 10)
|
-
|
-
|
(174,802)
|
|
Gain
on settlement of convertible debt (Note 7)
|
-
|
4,419
|
-
|
|
Gain
on settlement (Note 17)
|
2,500,000
|
-
|
-
|
|
Loss
on disposal of property and equipment
|
(41,603)
|
-
|
-
|
|
Net loss before income taxes
|
(3,358,132)
|
(8,090,010)
|
(13,747,480)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision
for income taxes (Note 15)
|
|
|
|
|
Current
tax expense
|
32,833
|
5,678
|
-
|
|
Deferred
tax recovery
|
-
|
(11,042)
|
-
|
|
Net loss and comprehensive loss
|
(3,390,965)
|
(8,084,646)
|
(13,747,480)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
per common share, basic and diluted
|
(0.14)
|
(0.37)
|
(2.89)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of common
|
|
|
|
|
shares outstanding, basic and diluted
|
23,561,949
|
21,580,059
|
4,762,274
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
|
|
|
|
|
Intellipharmaceutics International Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated
statements of shareholders' equity
(deficiency)
|
|
For the
years ended November 30, 2020, 2019 and
2018
|
|
(Stated
in U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Balance, November 30, 2017
|
3,470,451
|
35,290,034
|
36,685,387
|
284,421
|
(71,873,459)
|
386,383
|
|
DSU's
to non-management board members (Note 12)
|
-
|
-
|
7,565
|
-
|
-
|
7,565
|
|
Stock
options to employees (Note 11)
|
-
|
-
|
927,686
|
-
|
-
|
927,686
|
|
Proceeds
from issuance of shares and warrants (Note 10 &
14)
|
3,658,564
|
5,993,472
|
13,651,434
|
-
|
-
|
19,644,906
|
|
Proceeds
from exercise of Pre-Funded warrants (Note 14)
|
11,123,334
|
4,012,528
|
(3,901,275)
|
|
|
111,253
|
|
Shares
to be issued from exercise of Pre-Funded warrants (Note
14)
|
-
|
371,551
|
(361,251)
|
|
|
10,300
|
|
Cost
of warrants issued to placement agent (Note 14)
|
-
|
(602,981)
|
602,981
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Share
issuance cost (Note 10)
|
-
|
(736,652)
|
(2,568,321)
|
-
|
-
|
(3,304,973)
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature related to Debenture (Note 7)
|
-
|
-
|
66,667
|
-
|
-
|
66,667
|
|
Net
loss
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(13,747,480)
|
(13,747,480)
|
|
Rounding
of fractional shares after consolidation (Note 2)
|
(106)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Balance, November 30, 2018
|
18,252,243
|
44,327,952
|
45,110,873
|
284,421
|
(85,620,939)
|
4,102,307
|
|
Stock
options to employees (Note 11)
|
-
|
-
|
264,568
|
-
|
-
|
264,568
|
|
Shares
issued upon exercise of 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants (Note
14)
|
3,823,334
|
1,007,658
|
(979,705)
|
-
|
-
|
27,953
|
|
Shares
issued upon exercise of DSUs (Note 12)
|
10,279
|
225,612
|
(225,612)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature related to Debentures (Note 7)
|
-
|
-
|
8,639
|
-
|
-
|
8,639
|
|
Deferred
tax expense related to beneficial conversion feature (Note
15)
|
-
|
-
|
(11,042)
|
-
|
-
|
(11,042)
|
|
Net
loss
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(8,084,646)
|
(8,084,646)
|
|
Balance, November 30, 2019
|
22,085,856
|
45,561,222
|
44,167,721
|
284,421
|
(93,705,585)
|
(3,692,221)
|
|
Stock
options to employees (Note 11)
|
-
|
-
|
71,645
|
-
|
-
|
71,645
|
|
Shares
issued upon exercise of 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants (Note
14)
|
1,592,249
|
583,180
|
(583,180)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature related to Debentures (Note 7)
|
-
|
-
|
697,952
|
-
|
-
|
697,952
|
|
Net
loss
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(3,390,965)
|
(3,390,965)
|
|
Balance, November 30, 2020
|
23,678,105
|
46,144,402
|
44,354,138
|
284,421
|
(97,096,550)
|
(6,313,589)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intellipharmaceutics International Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated
statements of cash flows
|
|
For the
years ended November 30, 2020, 2019 and
2018
|
|
(Stated
in U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Net loss
|
(3,390,965)
|
(8,084,646)
|
(13,747,480)
|
|
Items
not affecting cash
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
(Note 5)
|
415,375
|
506,685
|
612,736
|
|
Financing
cost
|
-
|
-
|
174,802
|
|
Provision
for doubtful debts (Note 4)
|
-
|
(66,849)
|
-
|
|
Stock-based
compensation (Note 11)
|
71,645
|
264,568
|
927,686
|
|
Deferred
share units (Note 12)
|
-
|
-
|
7,565
|
|
Accreted
interest on convertible debentures (Note 7)
|
744,930
|
54,469
|
66,560
|
|
Gain
on settlement of convertible debt (Note 7)
|
-
|
(4,419)
|
-
|
|
Deferred
income tax recovery (Note 15)
|
-
|
(11,042)
|
-
|
|
Write-down
of inventory (Note 3)
|
236,459
|
-
|
-
|
|
Write-down
of investment tax credits
|
233,377
|
-
|
-
|
|
Loss
on disposal of property and equipment
|
41,603
|
-
|
-
|
|
Non-cash
lease expense
|
19,855
|
-
|
-
|
|
Unrealized
foreign exchange loss
|
62,658
|
57,189
|
52,613
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
in non-cash operating assets & liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
receivable
|
(389,182)
|
61,861
|
450,556
|
|
Investment
tax credits
|
60,244
|
223,113
|
(362,360)
|
|
Inventory
|
-
|
(97,480)
|
(135,984)
|
|
Prepaid
expenses, sundry and other assets
|
40,866
|
430,178
|
(361,702)
|
|
Accounts
payable, accrued liabilities and employee costs
payable
|
1,970,896
|
2,359,518
|
106,048
|
|
Operating
lease liability
|
(38,486)
|
-
|
-
|
|
Income
tax payable
|
32,833
|
5,678
|
-
|
|
Deferred
revenue (Note 3)
|
-
|
(2,362,500)
|
(300,000)
|
|
Cash
flows provided from (used in) operating activities
|
112,108
|
(6,663,677)
|
(12,508,960)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
Repayment
of principal on convertible debentures (Note 7)
|
-
|
(461,920)
|
-
|
|
Proceeds
from promissory notes payable (Note 7)
|
-
|
159,863
|
-
|
|
Proceeds
from shares to be issued from exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants (Note
14)
|
-
|
-
|
10,300
|
|
Proceeds
from issuance of shares and warrants (Note 10 and 14)
|
-
|
-
|
19,644,906
|
|
Proceeds
from issuance of shares on exercise of warrants (Note
14)
|
-
|
27,953
|
111,253
|
|
Debenture
financing, net (Note 7)
|
-
|
375,000
|
500,000
|
|
Offering
costs
|
-
|
-
|
(2,911,505)
|
|
Cash
flows provided from financing activities
|
-
|
100,896
|
17,354,954
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investing activity
|
|
|
|
|
Sale
of property and equipment (Note 5)
|
29,191
|
-
|
-
|
|
Purchase
of property and equipment (Note 5)
|
(3,875)
|
(14,474)
|
(101,178)
|
|
Cash
flows provided from (used in) investing activities
|
25,316
|
(14,474)
|
(101,178)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase
(decrease) in cash
|
137,424
|
(6,577,255)
|
4,744,816
|
|
Cash,
beginning of year
|
64,622
|
6,641,877
|
1,897,061
|
|
Cash, end of year
|
202,046
|
64,622
|
6,641,877
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
paid
|
-
|
139,787
|
209,675
|
|
Taxes
paid
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
|
|
|
|
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc. (the “Company”) is a pharmaceutical
company specializing in the research, development and manufacture
of novel and generic controlled-release and targeted-release oral
solid dosage drugs.
On October 22,
2009, IntelliPharmaCeutics Ltd. (“IPC Ltd“) and Vasogen
Inc. completed a court approved plan of arrangement and merger (the
“IPC Arrangement Agreement”), resulting in the
formation of the Company, which is incorporated under the laws of
Canada. The Company’s common shares are traded on the Toronto
Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and the OTCQB Venture
Market.
The Company earns
revenue from non-refundable upfront fees, milestone payments upon
achievement of specified research or development, exclusivity
milestone payments and licensing and cost-plus payments on sales of
resulting products. In November 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (“FDA”) granted the Company final
approval to market the Company’s first product, the 15 mg and
30 mg strengths of the Company’s generic Focalin XR®
(dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release) capsules. In
2017, the FDA granted final approval for the remaining 6 (six)
strengths, all of which have been launched. In May 2017, the FDA
granted the Company final approval for its second commercialized
product, the 50, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mg strengths of generic
Seroquel XR® (quetiapine fumarate extended release) tablets,
and the Company commenced shipment of all strengths that same
month. In November 2018, the FDA granted the Company final approval
for its venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules in the
37.5, 75, and 150 mg strengths.
Going concern
The consolidated
financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, which
assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and
continue its operations for the next twelve months. The Company has
incurred losses from operations since inception and has reported
losses of $3,390,965 for the year ended November 30, 2020 (2019
– $8,084,646; 2018 – $13,747,480) and has an
accumulated deficit of $97,096,550 as at November 30, 2020
(November 30, 2019 - $93,705,585). The Company has a working
capital deficiency of $8,221,657 as at November 30, 2020 (November
30, 2019 – working capital deficiency of $5,965,627). The
Company has funded its research and development
(“R&D”) activities principally through the issuance
of securities, loans from related parties, funds from the IPC
Arrangement Agreement, and funds received under development
agreements. There is no certainty that such funding will be
available going forward. These conditions raise substantial doubt
about its ability to continue as a going concern and realize its
assets and pay its liabilities as they become due.
In order for the
Company to continue as a going concern and fund any significant
expansion of its operation or R&D activities, the Company will
require significant additional capital. Although there can be no
assurances, such funding may come from revenues from the sales of
the Company’s generic Focalin XR® (dexmethylphenidate
hydrochloride extended-release) capsules, from revenues from the
sales of the Company’s generic Seroquel XR® (quetiapine
fumarate extended-release) tablets and from potential partnering
opportunities. Other potential sources of capital may include
payments from licensing agreements, cost savings associated with
managing operating expense levels, other equity and/or debt
financings, and/or new strategic partnership agreements which fund
some or all costs of product development. The Company’s
ultimate success will depend on whether its product candidates
receive the approval of the FDA, Health Canada, and the regulatory
authorities of the other countries in which its products are
proposed to be sold and whether it is able to successfully market
approved products. The Company cannot be certain that it will
receive FDA, Health Canada, or such other regulatory approval for
any of its current or future product candidates, or that it will
reach the level of sales and revenues necessary to achieve and
sustain profitability, or that the Company can secure other capital
sources on terms or in amounts sufficient to meet its needs, or at
all.
The availability of
equity or debt financing will be affected by, among other things,
the results of the Company’s R&D, its ability to obtain
regulatory approvals, its success in commercializing approved
products with its commercial partners and the market acceptance of
its products, the state of the capital markets generally, the
delisting from Nasdaq (as defined below), strategic alliance
agreements, and other relevant commercial
considerations.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
1.
Nature
of operations (continued)
Going concern (continued)
In addition, if the
Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its
then existing security holders will likely experience dilution, and
the incurring of indebtedness would result in increased debt
service obligations and could require the Company to agree to
operating and financial covenants that would restrict its
operations. In the event that the Company does not obtain
sufficient additional capital, it will raise substantial doubt
about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern,
realize its assets and pay its liabilities as they become due. The
Company’s cash outflows are expected to consist primarily of
internal and external R&D, legal and consulting expenditures to
advance its product pipeline and selling, general and
administrative expenses to support its commercialization efforts.
Depending upon the results of the Company’s R&D programs,
the impact of the litigation against the Company and the
availability of financial resources, the Company could decide to
accelerate, terminate, or reduce certain projects, or commence new
ones. Any failure on its part to successfully commercialize
approved products or raise additional funds on terms favorable to
the Company or at all, may require the Company to significantly
change or curtail its current or planned operations in order to
conserve cash until such time, if ever, that sufficient proceeds
from operations are generated, and could result in the Company not
taking advantage of business opportunities, in the termination or
delay of clinical trials or the Company not taking any necessary
actions required by the FDA or Health Canada for one or more of the
Company’s product candidates, in curtailment of the
Company’s product development programs designed to identify
new product candidates, in the sale or assignment of rights to its
technologies, products or product candidates, and/or its inability
to file Abbreviated New Drug Applications (“ANDAs”),
Abbreviated New Drug Submissions (“ANDSs”) or New Drug
Applications (“NDAs”) at all or in time to
competitively market its products or product
candidates.
The consolidated
financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
result from the outcome of uncertainties described above. If the
going concern assumption no longer becomes appropriate for these
consolidated financial statements, then adjustments would be
necessary to the carrying values of assets and liabilities, the
reported expenses and the balance sheet classifications used. Such
adjustments could be material.
(a) Basis of consolidation
These consolidated
financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its
wholly owned operating subsidiaries, IPC Ltd., Intellipharmaceutics
Corp. (“IPC Corp”), and Vasogen Corp.
References in these
consolidated financial statements to share amounts, per share data,
share prices, exercise prices and conversion rates have been
adjusted to reflect the effect of the 1-for-10 reverse stock split
(known as a share consolidation under Canadian law) (the
“reverse split”) which became effective on each of The
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) and TSX at the
opening of the market on September 14, 2018. The term “share
consolidation” is intended to refer to such reverse split and
the terms “pre-consolidation” and
“post-consolidation” are intended to refer to
“pre-reverse split” and “post-reverse
split”, respectively.
In September 2018,
the Company announced the reverse split. At a special meeting of
the Company’s shareholders held on August 15, 2018, the
Company’s shareholders granted the Company’s Board of
Directors discretionary authority to implement a share
consolidation of the issued and outstanding common shares of the
Company on the basis of a share consolidation ratio within a range
from five (5) pre-consolidation common shares for one (1)
post-consolidation common share to fifteen (15) pre-consolidation
common shares for one (1) post-consolidation common share. The
Board of Directors selected a share consolidation ratio of ten (10)
pre-consolidation shares for one (1) post-consolidation common
share. On September 12, 2018, the Company filed an amendment to the
Company’s articles ("Articles of Amendment") to implement the
1-for-10 reverse split.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
2.
Basis
of presentation (continued)
(a)
Basis of consolidation (continued)
The Company’s
common shares began trading on each of Nasdaq and TSX on a
post-split basis under the Company’s existing trade symbol
“IPCI” at the opening of the market on September 14,
2018. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), the
change has been applied retroactively.
These consolidated
financial statements have been prepared using the same accounting
policies and methods as those used by the Company in the annual
audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended
November 30, 2019 except for the adoption of Accounting Standards
Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASC
842”), as further discussed below in Note 3.
All inter-company
accounts and transactions have been eliminated on
consolidation.
The preparation of
the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during
the period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Areas where
significant judgment is involved in making estimates are the
determination of the functional currency; the fair values of
financial assets and liabilities; the determination of units of
accounting for revenue recognition; the accrual of licensing and
milestone revenue; and forecasting future cash flows for assessing
the going concern assumption.
In December 2019,
there was a global outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus), which has
had a significant impact on businesses through the restrictions put
in place by the national, provincial and municipal governments
around the world regarding travel, business operations and
isolation and quarantine orders. As COVID-19 has spread, the
Company and its third party contractors have had to ask employees
to temporarily work from home, which could adversely impact the
productivity of the Company’s workforce or the workforce of
third parties which the Company relies on for supplies and services
required for operations. The Company has also made arrangements for
its employees to work under a workshare program. Any disruption of
suppliers would likely impact the Company’s ability to
conduct R&D and commercial operations, and ultimately
materially adversely affect operating results. The extent to which
COVID-19 impacts results will depend on future developments, which
are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the
duration of the outbreak, new information which may emerge
concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain
COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others.
3.
Significant
accounting policies
(a)
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company
considers all highly liquid securities with an original maturity of
three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalent
balances consist of bankers’ acceptances and bank accounts
with variable market rates of interest. The financial risks
associated with these instruments are minimal and the Company has
not experienced any losses from investments in these securities.
The carrying amount of cash approximates its fair value due to its
short-term nature.
As at November 30,
2020 and 2019, the Company had no cash equivalents.
The Company reviews
its sales and accounts receivable aging and determines whether an
allowance for doubtful accounts is required.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
3.
Significant
accounting policies (continued)
(c)
Financial instruments
The Company
evaluates all of its financial instruments to determine if such
instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as
embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are
classified as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially
recorded at its fair value using the appropriate valuation
methodology and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with
changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements
of operations and comprehensive loss.
(d)
Investment tax credits
The investment tax
credits (“ITC") receivable are amounts considered recoverable
from the Canadian federal and provincial governments under the
Scientific Research & Experimental Development
(“SR&ED”) incentive program. The amounts claimed
under the program represent the amounts based on management
estimates of eligible research and development costs incurred
during the year. Realization is subject to government approval. Any
adjustment to the amounts claimed will be recognized in the year in
which the adjustment occurs. Refundable ITCs claimed relating to
capital expenditures are credited to property and equipment.
Refundable ITCs claimed relating to current expenditures are netted
against research and development expenditures.
(e)
Property and equipment
Property and
equipment are recorded at cost. Equipment acquired under capital
leases are recorded net of imputed interest, based upon the net
present value of future payments. Assets under capital leases are
pledged as collateral for the related lease obligation. Repairs and
maintenance expenditures are charged to operations; major
betterments and replacements are capitalized. Depreciation bases
and rates are as follows:
|
Assets
|
Basis
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Computer
equipment
|
Declining
balance
|
30%
|
|
Computer
software
|
Declining
balance
|
50%
|
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
Declining
balance
|
20%
|
|
Laboratory
equipment
|
Declining
balance
|
20%
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
Straight
line
|
|
Leasehold
improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are
depreciated over the term of their useful lives or the lease
period, whichever is shorter. The charge to operations resulting
from depreciation of assets acquired under capital leases is
included with depreciation expense.
(f)
Impairment of long-lived assets
Long-lived assets
are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate
that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. For
assets that are to be held and used, impairment is recognized when
the sum of estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the
asset or group of assets is less than its carrying value. If
impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to
its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between
the carrying value and fair value.
The Company
previously issued warrants as described in Notes 10 and 14. In
fiscal 2013, the outstanding warrants were presented as a liability
because they did not meet the criteria of Accounting Standard
Codification (“ASC”) topic 480 Distinguishing
Liabilities from Equity for equity classification. Subsequent
changes in the fair value of the warrants were recorded in the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The
Company changed its functional currency effective December 1, 2013
such that these warrants met the criteria for prospective equity
classification in ASC topic 480, and the U.S. dollar translated
amount of the warrant liability at December 1, 2013 became the
amount reclassified to equity.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
3.
Significant
accounting policies (continued)
(h)
Convertible debentures
In fiscal year
2013, the Company issued an unsecured convertible debenture in the
principal amount of $1,500,000 (the “2013 Debenture”).
At issuance, the conversion option was bifurcated from its host
contract and the fair value of the conversion option was
characterized as an embedded derivative upon issuance as it met the
criteria of ASC topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging. Subsequent
changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative were recorded
in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
loss. The proceeds received from the 2013 Debenture less the
initial amount allocated to the embedded derivative were allocated
to the liability and were accreted over the life of the 2013
Debenture using the effective rate of interest. The Company changed
its functional currency effective December 1, 2013 such that the
conversion option no longer met the criteria for bifurcation and
was prospectively reclassified to shareholders’ equity under
ASC Topic 815 at the U.S. dollar translated amount at December 1,
2013.
On September 10,
2018, the Company completed a private placement financing (the
“2018 Debenture Financing”) of an unsecured convertible
debenture in the principal amount of $500,000 (the “2018
Debenture”). At issuance, the conversion price was lower than
the market share price, and the value of the beneficial conversion
feature related to the 2018 Debenture was allocated to Additional
paid-in capital in the consolidated statements of
shareholders’ equity (deficiency).
On April 4, 2019, a
tentative approval from TSX was received for a proposed refinancing
of the 2013 Debenture subject to certain conditions being met. As a
result of the proposed refinancing, the principal amount owing
under the 2013 Debenture was refinanced by a new debenture (the
“May 2019 Debenture”). On May 1, 2019, the May 2019
Debenture was issued with a principal amount of $1,050,000, that
will mature on November 1, 2019, bear interest at a rate of 12% per
annum and be convertible into 1,779,661 common shares of the
Company at a conversion price of $0.59 per common share. At
issuance, the conversion option was not characterized as an
embedded derivative as it did not meet the criteria of ASC topic
815 Derivatives and Hedging. Also, at issuance, as the conversion
price was higher than the market share price, conversion option was
not bifurcated from its host contract and the total value of the
convertible debenture was recognized as a liability.
On August 26, 2019,
the Company issued an unsecured convertible debenture in the
principal amount of $140,800 (the “August 2019
Debenture”). At issuance, the conversion price was lower than
the market share price, and the value of the beneficial conversion
feature related to the August 2019 Debenture was allocated to
Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated statements of
shareholders’ equity (deficiency). In November 2019, the debt
was paid in full.
On November 15,
2019, the Company issued an unsecured convertible debenture in the
principal amount of $250,000 (the “November 2019
Debenture”) that will mature on December 31, 2019, bear
interest at a rate of 12% per annum and be convertible into common
shares of the Company at a conversion price of $0.12 per share. At
issuance, the conversion price was lower than the market share
price, and the value of the beneficial conversion feature related
to the November 2019 Debenture was allocated to Additional paid-in
capital in the consolidated statements of shareholders’
equity (deficiency).
The Company
accounts for revenue in accordance with the provisions of ASC 606.
Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when the customer
obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that
reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in
exchange for those goods or services. The Company recognizes
revenue following the five-step model prescribed under ASC 606: (i)
identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance
obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price;
(iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations
in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) the
Company satisfies the performance obligation(s). The Company earns
revenue from non-refundable upfront fees, milestone payments upon
achievement of specified research or development, exclusivity
milestone payments and licensing payments on sales of resulting
products.
The relevant
revenue recognition accounting policy is applied to each separate
unit of accounting.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
3.
Significant
accounting policies (continued)
(i)
Revenue recognition (continued)
Licensing
The Company
recognizes revenue from the licensing of the Company's drug
delivery technologies, products and product candidates. Under the
terms of the licensing arrangements, the Company provides the
customer with a right to access the Company’s intellectual
property with regards to the license which is granted. Revenue
arising from the license of intellectual property rights is
recognized over the period the Company transfers control of the
intellectual property.
The Company has a
license and commercialization agreement with Par Pharmaceutical
Inc. (“Par”). Under the exclusive territorial license
rights granted to Par, the agreement requires that Par manufacture,
promote, market, sell and distribute the product. Licensing revenue
amounts receivable by the Company under this agreement are
calculated and reported to the Company by Par, with such amounts
generally based upon net product sales and net profit which include
estimates for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other
adjustments. Licensing revenue payments received by the Company
from Par under this agreement are not subject to further deductions
for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing
adjustments. Based on this arrangement and the guidance per ASC
606, the Company records licensing revenue over the period the
Company transfers control of the intellectual property in the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
loss.
The Company also
had a license and commercial supply agreement with Mallinckrodt LLC
(“Mallinckrodt”) which provided Mallinckrodt an
exclusive license to market, sell and distribute in the U.S. three
drug product candidates for which the Company had ANDAs filed with
the FDA, one of which (the Company’s generic Seroquel
XR®) received final approval from the FDA in
2017.
Under the terms of
this agreement, the Company was responsible for the manufacture of
approved products for subsequent sale by Mallinckrodt in the U.S.
market. Following receipt of final FDA approval for its generic
Seroquel XR®, the Company began shipment of manufactured
product to Mallinckrodt. The Company recorded revenue once
Mallinckrodt obtained control of the product and the performance
obligation was satisfied.
On April 12, 2019,
Mallinckrodt and the Company mutually agreed to terminate their
Commercial Supply Agreement (the “Mallinckrodt
agreement”), effective no later than August 31, 2019. Under
the terms of the mutual agreement, Mallinckrodt has been released
from certain obligations under the agreement as of April 12, 2019.
Effective August 12, 2019, the Mallinckrodt agreement was
terminated.
Licensing revenue
in respect of manufactured product is reported as revenue in
accordance with ASC 606. Once product was sold by Mallinckrodt, the
Company receives downstream licensing revenue amounts calculated
and reported by Mallinckrodt, with such amounts generally based
upon net product sales and net profit which includes estimates for
chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other adjustments. Such
downstream licensing revenue payments received by the Company under
this agreement are not subject to further deductions for
chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing
adjustments. Based on this agreement and the guidance per ASC 606,
the Company records licensing revenue as earned on a monthly
basis.
Milestones
For milestone
payments that are not contingent on sales-based thresholds, the
Company applies a most-likely amount approach on a
contract-by-contract basis. Management makes an assessment of the
amount of revenue expected to be received based on the probability
of the milestone outcome. Variable consideration is included in
revenue only to the extent that it is probable that the amount will
not be subject to a significant reversal when the uncertainty is
resolved (generally when the milestone outcome is
satisfied).
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
3.
Significant
accounting policies (continued)
(i)
Revenue recognition (continued)
Research and development
Under arrangements
where the license fees and research and development activities can
be accounted for as a separate unit of accounting, non-refundable
upfront license fees are deferred and recognized as revenue on a
straight-line basis over the expected term of the Company's
continued involvement in the research and development
process.
Deferred revenue
Deferred revenue
represents the funds received from clients, for which the revenues
have not yet been earned, as the milestones have not been achieved,
or in the case of upfront fees for drug development, where the work
remains to be completed. During the year ended November 30, 2016,
the Company received an up-front payment of $3,000,000 from
Mallinckrodt pursuant to the Mallinckrodt license and commercial
supply agreement, and initially recorded it as deferred revenue, as
it did not meet the criteria for recognition. For the year ended
November 30, 2020, the Company recognized $Nil (2019 - $2,362,500)
of revenue over the remaining term of the Mallinckrodt agreement,
which expired on August 12, 2019. As of November 30, 2020, the
Company has recorded a deferred revenue balance of $Nil (November
30, 2019 - $Nil) due to the termination of its license and
commercial supply agreement with Mallinckrodt.
(j)
Research and development costs
Research and
development costs related to continued research and development
programs are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC topic 730.
However, materials and equipment are capitalized and amortized over
their useful lives if they have alternative future
uses.
Inventories
comprise of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods,
which are valued at the lower of cost or market, on a first-in,
first-out basis. Cost for work in process and finished goods
inventories includes materials, direct labor, and an allocation of
manufacturing overhead. Market for raw materials is replacement
cost, and for work in process and finished goods is net realizable
value. The Company evaluates the carrying value of inventories on a
regular basis, taking into account such factors as historical and
anticipated future sales compared with quantities on hand, the
price the Company expects to obtain for products in their
respective markets compared with historical cost and the remaining
shelf life of goods on hand. As of November 30, 2020, the Company
had raw materials inventories of $112,672 (November 30, 2019 -
$172,830), work in process of $Nil (November 30, 2019 - $73,927)
and finished goods inventory of $Nil (November 30, 2019 - $102,374)
relating to the Company’s generic Seroquel XR® product.
During the year ended November 30, 2020, the Company wrote off raw
materials inventories of $60,158 (November 30, 2019 - $Nil), work
in process of $73,927 (November 30, 2019 - $Nil) and finished goods
inventory of $102,374 (November 30, 2019 - $Nil). The
recoverability of the cost of any pre-launch inventories with a
limited shelf life is evaluated based on the specific facts and
circumstances surrounding the timing of the anticipated product
launch.
The Company uses
the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the
liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of
existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and
for losses and tax credit carry forwards. Significant judgment is
required in determining whether deferred tax assets will be
realized in full or in part. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable
income in the years in which those temporary differences are
expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax
assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in
income in the year that includes the date of enactments. A
valuation allowance is provided for the portion of deferred tax
assets that is more likely than not to remain
unrealized.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
3.
Significant
accounting policies (continued)
(l)
Income taxes (continued)
The Company
accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC topic 740-10. This
ASC topic requires that uncertain tax positions are evaluated in a
two-step process, whereby (i) the Company determines whether it is
more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based
on the technical merits of the position and (ii) those tax
positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold,
the Company would recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that
is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate
settlement with the related tax authority. Changes in recognition
or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in
judgment occurs. The cumulative effects of the application of the
provisions of ASC topic 740-10 are described in
Note 15.
The Company records
any interest related to income taxes in interest expense and
penalties in selling, general and administrative
expense.
Share issue costs
are recorded as a reduction of the proceeds from the issuance of
capital stock.
(n)
Translation of foreign currencies
Transactions
denominated in currencies other than the Company and its wholly
owned operating subsidiaries’ functional currencies, monetary
assets and liabilities are translated at the period end rates.
Revenue and expenses are translated at rates of exchange prevailing
on the transaction dates. All of the exchange gains or losses
resulting from these other transactions are recognized in the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
loss.
The functional and
reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S.
dollar.
(o)
Stock-based compensation
The Company has a
stock-based compensation plan which authorizes the granting of
various equity-based incentives including stock options and
restricted share units (“RSU”s). The Company calculates
stock-based compensation using the fair value method, under which
the fair value of the options at the grant date is calculated using
the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, and subsequently expensed
over the vesting period of the option. The provisions of the
Company's stock-based compensation plans do not require the Company
to settle any options by transferring cash or other assets, and
therefore the Company classifies the awards as equity. Stock-based
compensation expense recognized during the year is based on the
value of stock-based payment awards that are ultimately expected to
vest.
The Company
estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and are revised, if
necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from
those estimates. The stock-based compensation expense is recorded
in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss
under research and development expense and under selling, general
and administration expense. Note 11 provides supplemental
disclosure of the Company's stock options.
Deferred Share
Units (“DSU”s) are valued based on the trading price of
the Company’s common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
The Company records the value of the DSU’s owing to
non-management board members in the consolidated statements of
shareholders’ equity (deficiency).
Basic loss per
share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing the loss
attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS reflects the potential
dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through the
exercise or conversion of stock options, restricted stock awards,
warrants and convertible securities. In certain circumstances, the
conversion of options, warrants and convertible securities are
excluded from diluted EPS if the effect of such inclusion would be
anti-dilutive.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
3.
Significant
accounting policies (continued)
(q)
Loss per share (continued)
The dilutive effect
of stock options is determined using the treasury stock method.
Stock options and warrants to purchase common shares of the Company
during fiscal 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, were not included
in the computation of diluted EPS because the Company has incurred
a loss for each of the years ended November 30, 2020, 2019 and
2018 and the effect would be anti-dilutive.
The Company follows
ASC topic 220. This statement establishes standards for reporting
and display of comprehensive (loss) income and its components.
Comprehensive loss is net loss plus certain items that are recorded
directly to shareholders' equity (deficiency). Other than foreign
exchange gains and losses arising from cumulative translation
adjustments, the Company has no other comprehensive loss
items.
(s)
Fair value measurement
Under ASC topic
820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to
sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the measurement date
(i.e., an exit price). ASC topic 820 establishes a hierarchy for
inputs to valuation techniques used in measuring fair value that
maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of
unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be
used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or
liability developed based on market data obtained from sources
independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that
reflect the Company's own assumptions about the assumptions market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed
based on the best information available in the circumstances. There
are three levels to the hierarchy based on the reliability of
inputs, as follows:
●
Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted)
for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
●
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that
are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or
indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets
or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or
similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not
active.
●
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or
liability.
The degree of
judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is
greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3.
(t)
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
On December 1, 2019, the Company adopted
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic
842 Leases using the modified retrospective transition
method, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the
date of initial application. In addition, the Company elected the
package of practical expedients in transition, which permitted
the Company not to reassess prior conclusions about lease
identification, lease classification and initial direct costs on
leases that commenced prior to adoption of the new standard. The
Company also elected the ongoing practical expedient not to
recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease
liabilities for short-term leases. As a result of adopting the new standard, the
Company didn’t recognize any right-of-use (“ROU”)
assets or lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet, as
the Company only had one lease which had a term of less than
12 months on the date of adoption of Topic 842. There was no impact
to opening accumulated deficit on the date of
adoption.
The ROU assets are
initially measured at cost and amortized using the straight-line
method through the end of the lease term. The lease liabilities are measured at the present
value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement
date, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing
rate.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
4.
Trade
and other receivables
The Company
currently has no debt agreements in place whereby any amount of
receivables serve as collateral. The Company has no
off-balance-sheet credit exposures and has no foreclosed or
repossessed assets. Trade and other receivables are carried on the
consolidated balance sheets net of allowance for doubtful accounts.
This provision is established based on the Company’s best
estimates regarding the ultimate recovery of balances for which
collection is uncertain. As at November 30, 2020, the Company has a
trade and other receivables balance of $566,374 (2019 - $177,202)
and an allowance for doubtful accounts of $Nil (2019 - $Nil).
During the year ended November 30, 2020, the company reversed an
allowance for doubtful accounts in the amount of $Nil (2019 -
$66,849). Risks and uncertainties and credit quality information
related to trade and other receivables have been disclosed in Note
17.
5.
Property
and equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at November 30, 2018
|
627,544
|
156,059
|
172,498
|
5,643,945
|
1,441,452
|
8,041,498
|
|
Additions
|
3,790
|
-
|
-
|
20,308
|
-
|
24,098
|
|
Balance
at November 30, 2019
|
631,334
|
156,059
|
172,498
|
5,664,253
|
1,441,452
|
8,065,596
|
|
Additions
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
3,875
|
-
|
3,875
|
|
Disposition
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(91,769)
|
-
|
(91,769)
|
|
Balance
at November 30, 2020
|
631,334
|
156,059
|
172,498
|
5,576,359
|
1,441,452
|
7,977,702
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at November 30, 2018
|
438,534
|
143,593
|
130,491
|
3,297,106
|
1,275,781
|
5,285,505
|
|
Depreciation
|
57,604
|
6,233
|
8,402
|
351,611
|
82,835
|
506,685
|
|
Balance
at November 30, 2019
|
496,138
|
149,826
|
138,893
|
3,648,717
|
1,358,616
|
5,792,190
|
|
Depreciation
|
40,559
|
3,116
|
6,721
|
282,143
|
82,836
|
415,375
|
|
Balance
at November 30, 2020
|
536,697
|
152,942
|
145,614
|
3,930,860
|
1,441,452
|
6,207,565
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net book value at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
November
30, 2019
|
135,196
|
6,233
|
33,605
|
2,015,536
|
82,836
|
2,273,406
|
|
November
30, 2020
|
94,637
|
3,117
|
26,884
|
1,645,499
|
-
|
1,770,137
|
As at
November 30, 2020, there was $514,502 (November 30, 2019 -
$606,271) of laboratory equipment that was not available for use
and therefore, no depreciation has been recorded for such
laboratory equipment. Also, during the year ended November 30,
2020, the Company returned equipment in the amount of $32,269,
which was unpaid previously, and recorded loss on disposal of that
equipment amounting to $11,294. The Company also sold equipment
with a net book value of $59,500 for the amount of $29,191 and
recognized a loss on sale of that equipment in the amount of
$30,309.
As at November 30,
2020, there was $Nil (November 30, 2019 - $9,624) unpaid balance
for purchased equipment. During the year ended November 30, 2020,
the Company recorded depreciation expense within cost of goods sold
in the amount of $Nil (November 30, 2019 - $882; November 30, 2018
- $2,352).
Property and
equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not
be recoverable. Impairment is assessed by comparing the carrying
amount of an asset with the sum of the undiscounted cash flows
expected from its use and disposal, and as such requires the
Company to make significant estimates on expected revenues from the
commercialization of its products and services and the related
expenses. The Company records a write-down for long-lived assets
which have been abandoned and do not have any residual value. For
the year ended November 30, 2020, the Company recorded a $Nil
write-down of long-lived assets (2019 - $Nil; 2018 -
$Nil).
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
Professional
fees
|
144,866
|
220,754
|
|
Board
of Directors fees
|
230,812
|
115,885
|
|
Litigation
settlement fee (Note 16)
|
600,000
|
400,000
|
|
Interest
|
266,498
|
60,019
|
|
Other
|
538,096
|
131,040
|
|
|
1,780,272
|
927,698
|
7.
Convertible
debentures and promissory notes payable
(a)
Convertible debentures
Amounts due to the
related parties are payable to two shareholders who are also
officers and directors of the Company.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible
debenture payable to two directors and officers of the
|
|
|
|
Company, unsecured, 10% annual interest rate,
|
|
|
|
payable monthly (“2018 Debenture”)
|
$500,000
|
$473,442
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible
debenture payable to two directors and officers of the
|
|
|
|
Company, unsecured, 12% annual interest rate,
|
|
|
|
payable monthly (“May 2019 Debenture”)
|
1,050,000
|
1,050,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible
debenture payable to two directors and officers of the
|
|
|
|
Company, unsecured, 12% annual interest rate,
|
|
|
|
payable monthly (“November 2019
Debenture”)
|
241,791
|
221,371
|
|
|
$1,791,791
|
$1,744,813
|
On January 10,
2013, the Company completed a private placement financing of the
unsecured convertible 2013 Debenture in the original principal
amount of $1.5 million, which was originally scheduled to mature on
January 1, 2015. The 2013 Debenture bore interest at a rate of 12%
per annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the
option of the Company and was convertible at any time into common
shares at a conversion price of $30.00 per common share at the
option of the holder. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi,
shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company
purchased the 2013 Debenture and provided the Company with the
original $1.5 million of the proceeds for the 2013
Debenture.
Effective October
1, 2014, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was extended to
July 1, 2015. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt instrument
was accounted for as a modification of debt. The increase in the
fair value of the conversion option at the date of the
modification, in the amount of $126,414, was recorded as a
reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a
corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying
amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life
of the 2013 Debenture using a 15% effective rate of
interest.
Effective June 29,
2015, the July 1, 2015 maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was
further extended to January 1, 2016. Under ASC 470-50, the change
in the maturity date for the debt instrument resulted in an
extinguishment of the original 2013 Debenture as the change in the
fair value of the embedded conversion option was greater than 10%
of the carrying amount of the 2013 Debenture. In accordance with
ASC 470-50-40, the 2013 Debenture was recorded at fair value. The
difference between the fair value of the convertible 2013 Debenture
after the extension and the net carrying value of the 2013
Debenture prior to the extension of $114,023 was recognized as a
loss on the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The
carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted to the face
amount of the 2013 Debenture over the remaining life of the 2013
Debenture using a 14.6% effective rate of interest.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
7.
Convertible
debentures and promissory notes payable
(continued)
(a)
Convertible debentures (continued)
Effective December
8, 2015, the January 1, 2016 maturity date for the 2013 Debenture
was further extended to July 1, 2016. Under ASC 470-50, the change
in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt.
The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date
of the modification, in the amount of $83,101, was recorded as a
reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a
corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying
amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life
of the 2013 Debenture using a 6.6% effective rate of
interest.
Effective May 26,
2016, the July 1, 2016 maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was
further extended to December 1, 2016. Under ASC 470-50, the change
in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt.
The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date
of the modification, in the amount of $19,808, was recorded as a
reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a
corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying
amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life
of the 2013 Debenture using a 4.2% effective rate of
interest.
Effective December
1, 2016, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further
extended to April 1, 2017 and a principal repayment of $150,000 was
made at the time of the extension. Under ASC 470-50, the change in
the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt.
The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date
of the modification, in the amount of $106,962, was recorded as a
reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a
corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying
amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life
of the 2013 Debenture using a 26.3% effective rate of
interest.
Effective March 28,
2017, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended
to October 1, 2017. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The
increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date of
the modification, in the amount of $113,607, was recorded as a
reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a
corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying
amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life
of the 2013 Debenture using a 15.2% effective rate of
interest.
Effective September
28, 2017, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further
extended to October 1, 2018. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the
debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The
increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date of
the modification, in the amount of $53,227, was recorded as a
reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a
corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying
amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life
of the 2013 Debenture using a 4.9% effective rate of
interest.
Effective October
1, 2018, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further
extended to April 1, 2019. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the
date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $1,350,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $1,350,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was
accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a
nominal effective rate of interest. In December 2018, a principal
repayment of $300,000 was made on the 2013 Debenture to Drs. Isa
and Amina Odidi.
Effective April 1,
2019, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended
to May 1, 2019. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt instrument
was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of
extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of
convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible
debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss.
The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the
remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a nominal effective rate
of interest.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
7.
Convertible
debentures and promissory notes payable
(continued)
(a)
Convertible debentures (continued)
On April 4, 2019, a
tentative approval from TSX was received for a proposed refinancing
of the 2013 Debenture subject to certain conditions being met. As a
result of the refinancing, the principal amount owing under the
2013 Debenture was refinanced by the May 2019 Debenture. On May 1,
2019, the May 2019 Debenture was issued in the principal amount of
$1,050,000, that was originally scheduled to mature on November 1,
2019, bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum and is convertible
into 1,779,661 common shares of the Company at a conversion price
of $0.59 per common share. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who
are shareholders, directors, and executive officers of the Company,
are the holders of the May 2019 Debenture.
Effective November
1, 2019, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was extended
to December 31, 2019. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the
date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was
accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a
nominal effective rate of interest.
Effective December
31, 2019, the December 31, 2019 maturity date for the May 2019
Debenture was further extended to February 1, 2020. Under ASC
470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an
extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company
derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000
and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of
$1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price
was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion
feature valued at December 31, 2019 of $427,119 was allocated to
Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the May
2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019
Debenture using an effective rate of interest of
782.7%.
Effective January
31, 2020, the February 1, 2020 maturity date was further extended
to March 31, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the
date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was
accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a
nominal effective rate of interest.
Effective March 31,
2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further
extended to May 15, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the
date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was
accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a
nominal effective rate of interest.
Effective May 15,
2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further
extended to June 12, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the
date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was
accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a
nominal effective rate of interest.
Effective
June 12, 2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was
further extended to July 15, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in
the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt.
At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the
carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the
new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in
no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was
accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a
nominal effective rate of interest.
Effective July 15,
2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further
extended to December 31, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the
debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At
the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the
carrying
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
7.
Convertible
debentures and promissory notes payable
(continued)
(a)
Convertible debentures (continued)
amount of
convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible
debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss.
The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the
remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective
rate of interest. Effective December 31, 2020, the maturity date
for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to May 31,
2021.
On September 10,
2018, the Company completed a private placement financing of the
unsecured convertible 2018 Debenture in the principal amount of
$0.5 million. The 2018 Debenture matured on September 1, 2020. The
2018 Debenture bore interest at a rate of 10% per annum, payable
monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company
and was convertible at any time into common shares of the Company
at a conversion price of $3.00 per common share at the option of
the holder. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are
shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company
provided the Company with the $0.5 million of the proceeds for the
2018 Debenture.
At issuance, as the
conversion price was lower than the market share price, the
beneficial conversion feature valued at September 10, 2018 of
$66,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently,
the fair value of the 2018 Debenture was accreted over the
remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using an effective rate of
interest of 7.3%. Effective September 1, 2020, the maturity date
for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to November 30, 2020.
Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted
for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment,
the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of
$0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair
value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying
amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life
of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.
Effective November 30, 2020, the maturity date for the 2018
Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2021.
On August 26, 2019,
the Company completed a private placement financing of the
unsecured August 2019 Debenture in the principal amount of
$140,800. The August 2019 Debenture was originally scheduled to
mature on August 26, 2020, bore interest at a rate of 8% per annum,
was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company up to 180
days from date of issuance with pre-payment penalties ranging from
5% - 30% and was convertible at the option of the holder into
common shares after 180 days at a conversion price which was equal
to 75% of the market price (defined as the average of the lowest
three (3) trading prices for the common shares during the twenty
(20) trading day period prior to the conversion date). The Company
incurred $15,800 in debt issuance costs of which $7,031 was debited
to Additional paid-in capital and $8,769 was offset against the
convertible debenture.
At issuance, as the
conversion price was lower than the market share price, the
beneficial conversion feature valued at August 26, 2019 of $62,655
was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair
value of the August 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining
life of the August 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of
interest of 77.1%.
In November 2019,
the August 2019 Debenture was fully paid, and the value of the
beneficial conversion feature was recalculated at settlement in the
amount of $88,652, which was offset to Additional paid-in capital
and $4,419 gain on settlement was recognized in the consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
On November 15,
2019, the Company completed a private placement financing of the
unsecured convertible November 2019 Debenture in the principal
amount of $0.25 million. The November 2019 Debenture was originally
scheduled to mature on December 31, 2019. The November 2019
Debenture bore interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable
monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company
and was convertible at any time into common shares of the Company
at a conversion price of $0.12 per common share at the option of
the holder. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are
shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company
provided the Company with the $0.25 million of the proceeds for the
November 2019 Debenture.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
7.
Convertible
debentures and promissory notes payable
(continued)
(a)
Convertible debentures
(continued)
At issuance, as the
conversion price was lower than the market share price, the
beneficial conversion feature valued at November 15, 2019 of
$41,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently,
the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the
remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective
rate of interest of 152.4%.
Effective January
31, 2020, the December 31, 2019 maturity date for the November 2019
Debenture was further extended to March 31, 2020. Under ASC 470-50,
the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an
extinguishment. In accordance with ASC 470-50-40-2,
extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as
capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company
derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000
and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of
$250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was
lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion
feature valued at January 31, 2020 of $125,000 was allocated to
Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the
November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the
November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of
504.4%.
Effective March 31,
2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further
extended to May 15, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In
accordance with ASC 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions
between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At
the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market
share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at March 31,
2020 of $20,833 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital.
Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was
accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture
using an effective rate of interest of 72.4%.
Effective May 15,
2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further
extended to June 12, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In
accordance with ASC 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions
between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At
the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market
share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at May 15,
2020 of $41,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital.
Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was
accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture
using an effective rate of interest of 260.9%.
Effective June 12,
2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further
extended to July 15, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the debt
instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance
with ASC 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related
entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of
extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of
convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt
at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the
conversion price was lower than the market share price, the
beneficial conversion feature valued at June 12, 2020 of $41,666
was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair
value of the November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the
remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective
rate of interest of 211.4%.
Effective July 15,
2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further
extended to December 31, 2020. Under ASC 470-50, the change in the
debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In
accordance with ASC 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions
between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At
the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying
amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new
convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no
gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market
share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at July 15,
2020 of $41,667
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
7.
Converible
debenutres and promissory notes payable (continued)
(a)
Convertible debentures (continued)
was allocated to
Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the
November 2019 Debenture is accreted over the remaining life of the
November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of
40.0%. Effective December 31, 2020, the maturity date for the May
2019 Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2021.
Accreted interest
expense during the year ended November 30, 2020 is $744,930 (2019 -
$54,469; 2018 - $66,560) and has been included in the consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the
coupon interest on the 2013 Debenture, 2018 Debenture, 2019
Debenture, August 2019 Debenture and November 2019 Debenture
(collectively, the “Debentures”) for the year ended
November 30, 2020 is $206,564 (2019 - $182,393; 2018 - $172,977)
and has also been included in the consolidated statements of
operations and comprehensive loss.
(b)
Promissory notes payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
Promissory
notes payable to two directors and officers
|
|
|
|
of the Company, unsecured, no annual interest
|
|
|
|
rate on the outstanding loan balance
|
163,758
|
159,863
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163,758
|
159,863
|
In September 2019,
the Company issued two unsecured, non-interest bearing promissory
notes, with no fixed repayment terms, in the amounts of US$6,500
and CDN$203,886, to Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are
shareholders, directors and executive officers of the
Company.
8.
Employee
costs payable
As at
November 30, 2020, the Company had $1,665,236 (2019 -
$893,864) accrued salaries, accrued vacation and severance payable
to certain employees. This balance is due on demand and therefore
presented as current liabilities.
On December 1,
2015, the Company entered into a new lease agreement for the
premises that it currently operates from, as well the adjoining
property, which is owned by the same landlord, for a 5-year term
with a 5-year renewal option. On June 21, 2020, the Company entered
into a lease surrender agreement and vacated one of its premises on
June 30, 2020. On August 20, 2020, The Company extended its lease
for the premises that it currently operates from, for one year,
commencing December 1, 2020, with an option to continue on a
month-to-month basis after November 30, 2021. This operating lease
was capitalized under ASC 842 effective on the August 20, 2020 date
of extension.
The
gross amounts of assets and liabilities related to operating leases
were as follows:
|
|
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
Operating
lease right-of-use asset
|
$137,931
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
Operating
lease liability
|
$157,110
|
|
|
|
|
Total
lease liability
|
$157,110
|
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
On adoption of ASC
842, the Company elected to apply the recognition exemption on its
rental lease agreement. During the year ended November 30, 2020,
the Company recognized rent expense of $119,635 in the consolidated
statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Subsequent to
capitalization of the amended lease agreement under ASC 842,
operating lease costs amounting to $38,486 have been recorded in
selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated
statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended
November 30, 2020. During the year ended November 30, 2020, lease
payments of $18,631 were paid in relation to the operating lease
liability.
Lease terms and
discount rates are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remaining
lease term (months)
|
12
|
|
Estimated
incremental borrowing rate
|
11.4%
|
The approximate
future minimum lease payments for the operating lease as at
November 30, 2020 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
Lease
payments for the year ending November 30, 2021
|
$163,904
|
|
Less
imputed interest
|
6,794
|
|
Present
value of lease liabilities
|
$157,110
|
Authorized, issued and outstanding
(a)
The Company is
authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares, all
without nominal or par value and an unlimited number of preference
shares. As at November 30, 2020, the Company had 23,678,105
(November 30, 2019 – 22,085,856) common shares issued and
outstanding and no preference shares issued and outstanding. Two
officers and directors of the Company owned directly and through
their family holding company 578,131 (November 30, 2019 –
578,131) common shares or approximately 2.4% (November 30, 2019
– 2.6%) of the issued and outstanding common shares of the
Company as at November 30, 2020.
Each common share of the Company entitles the
holder thereof to one vote at any meeting of shareholders of the
Company, except meetings at which only holders of a specified class
of shares are entitled to vote.
Holders of common
shares of the Company are entitled to receive, as and when declared
by the board of directors of the Company, dividends in such amounts
as shall be determined by the board.
The holders of
common shares of the Company have the right to receive the
remaining property of the Company in the event of liquidation,
dissolution, or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or
involuntary.
The preference
shares may at any time and from time to time be issued in one or
more series. The board of directors will, by resolution, from time
to time, before the issue thereof, fix the rights, privileges,
restrictions and conditions attaching to the preference shares of
each series. Except as required by law, the holders of any series
of preference shares will not as such be entitled to receive notice
of, attend or vote at any meeting of the shareholders of the
Company. Holders of preference shares will be entitled to
preference with respect to payment of dividends and the
distribution of assets in the event of liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any
other distribution of the assets of the Company among its
shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, on such
shares over the common shares of the Company and over any other
shares ranking junior to the preference shares.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
10.
Capital
stock (continued)
Authorized, issued and outstanding (continued)
(b)
In March 2018, the
Company completed two registered direct offerings of an aggregate
of 883,333 common shares at a price of $6.00 per share. The Company
also issued to the investors warrants to purchase an aggregate of
441,666 common shares (the “March 2018 Warrants”).
The warrants became exercisable six
months following the closing date, will expire 30 months after the
date they became exercisable, and have an exercise price of
$6.00 per common share. The Company also issued to the placement
agents warrants to purchase 44,166 common shares at an exercise
price of $7.50 per share (the “March 2018 Placement Agent
Warrants”). The holders of March 2018 Warrants and March 2018
Placement Agent Warrants are entitled to a cashless exercise under
which the number of shares to be issued will be based on the number
of shares for which warrants are exercised times the difference
between the market price of the common share and the exercise price
divided by the market price. The March 2018 Warrants and March 2018
Placement Agent Warrants are considered to be indexed to the
Company’s own stock and are therefore classified as equity
under ASC topic 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from
Equity.
The Company
recorded $4,184,520 as the value of common shares under Capital
stock and $1,115,480 as the value of the March 2018 Warrants under
Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated statements of
shareholders’ equity (deficiency). The Company has disclosed
the terms used to value the warrants in Note 14.
The direct costs
related to the issuance of the common shares and warrants were
$831,357 including the cost of warrants issued to the placement
agents. These direct costs were recorded as an offset against
consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency)
with $656,383 being recorded under Capital stock and $174,974 being
recorded under Additional paid-in capital.
(c)
In October 2018,
the Company completed an underwritten public offering in the United
States, resulting in the sale to the public of 827,970 Units at
$0.75 per Unit, which were comprised of one common share and one
warrant (the “2018 Unit Warrants”) exercisable at $0.75
per share. The Company concurrently sold an additional 1,947,261
common shares and warrants to purchase 2,608,695 common shares
exercisable at $0.75 per share (the “2018 Option
Warrants’) pursuant to the overallotment option exercised in
part by the underwriter. The price of the common shares issued in
connection with exercise of the overallotment option was $0.74 per
share and the price for the warrants issued in connection with the
exercise of the overallotment option was $0.01 per warrant, less in
each case the underwriting discount. In addition, the Company
issued 16,563,335 pre-funded units (“2018 Pre-Funded
Units’), each 2018 Pre-Funded Unit consisting of one
pre-funded warrant (a “2018 Pre-Funded Warrant”) to
purchase one common share and one warrant (a “2018
Warrant”, and together with the 2018 Unit Warrants and the
2018 Option Warrants, the “2018 Firm Warrants”) to
purchase one common share. The 2018 Pre-Funded Units were offered
to the public at $0.74 each and a 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is
exercisable at $0.01 per share. Each 2018 Firm Warrant is
exercisable immediately and has a term of five years and each 2018
Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable immediately and until all 2018
Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised. The Company also issued warrants
to the placement agents to purchase 1,160,314 common shares at an
exercise price of $0.9375 per share (the “October 2018
Placement Agent Warrants”), which were exercisable
immediately upon issuance. In aggregate, the Company issued
2,775,231 common shares, 16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants and
20,000,000 2018 Firm Warrants in addition to 1,160,314 October 2018
Placement Agent Warrants.
The Company raised
$14,344,906 in gross proceeds as part of October 2018 underwritten
public offering. The Company recorded $1,808,952 as the value of
common shares under Capital stock and $279,086 as the value of the
2018 Firm Warrants and $12,256,868 as the value of the 2018
Pre-Funded Warrants under Additional paid-in capital in the
consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity
(deficiency).
The direct costs
related to the issuance of the common shares and warrants issued in
October 2018 were $2,738,710 including the cost of October 2018
Placement Agent Warrants in the amount of $461,697. These direct
costs were recorded as an offset against the consolidated
statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency) with $345,363
being recorded under Capital stock and $2,393,347 being recorded
under Additional paid-in capital.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
10.
Capital
stock (continued)
Authorized, issued and outstanding (continued)
During the year
ended November 30, 2020, 1,592,249 common shares were issued upon
the exercise of 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants (2019 – 2,793,334)
for proceeds of $Nil (2019 – $27,953) and the Company
recorded a charge of $583,180 (2019 – $979,705) from
Additional paid-in capital to common shares under Capital stock.
During the year ended November 30, 2019, 1,030,000 common shares
were also issued in respect of 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants which were
exercised as of November 30, 2018 but for which common shares were
not yet issued as of November 30, 2018. The Company has disclosed
the terms used to value these warrants in Note 14.
(d)
In July 2019, the
company issued 10,279 common shares due to the exercise of 10,279
Deferred Share Units. The Company recorded a charge of $225,612
from Additional paid-in capital to common shares under Capital
stock.
All grants of
options to employees after October 22, 2009 are made from the
Employee Stock Option Plan (the “Employee Stock Option
Plan”). The maximum number of common shares issuable under
the Employee Stock Option Plan is limited to 10% of the issued and
outstanding common shares of the Company from time to time, or
2,367,810 based on the number of issued and outstanding common
shares as at November 30, 2020. As at November 30, 2020, 1,697,638
options are outstanding and there were 670,172 options available
for grant under the Employee Stock Option Plan. Each option granted
allows the holder to purchase one common share at an exercise price
not less than the closing price of the Company's common shares on
the TSX on the last trading day prior to the grant of the option.
Options granted under these plans typically have a term of 5 years
with a maximum term of 10 years and generally vest over a period of
up to three years.
In August 2004, the
Board of Directors of IPC Ltd. approved a grant of 276,394
performance-based stock options, to two executives who were also
the principal shareholders of IPC Ltd. The vesting of these options
is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance
milestones. A total of 276,394 performance-based stock options have
vested as of November 30, 2020. Under the terms of the original
agreement these options were to expire in September 2014. Effective
March 27, 2014, the Company’s shareholders approved the
two-year extension of the performance-based stock option expiry
date to September 2016. Effective April 19, 2016, the
Company’s shareholders approved a further two-year extension
of the performance-based stock option expiry date to September
2018. Effective May 15, 2018, the Company’s shareholders
approved a further two-year extension of the performance-based
stock option expiry date to September 2020. As of November 30,
2020, these options have expired.
In the year ended
November 30, 2020, Nil (2019 – 1,687,000; 2018 - Nil) stock
options were granted to management and other employees and Nil
(2019 – 200,000; 2018 - Nil) stock options were granted to
members of the Board of Directors.
The fair value of
each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model, consistent with the provisions
of ASC topic 718. Option pricing models require the use of
subjective assumptions, changes in these assumptions can materially
affect the fair value of the options. The Company calculates
expected volatility based on historical volatility of the
Company’s own volatility for options that have an expected
life of less than ten years. The expected term, which represents
the period of time that options granted are expected to be
outstanding, is estimated based on the historical average of the
term and historical exercises of the options. The risk-free rate
assumed in valuing the options is based on the U.S. treasury yield
curve in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the
option. The expected dividend yield percentage at the date of grant
is Nil as the Company is not expected to pay dividends in the
foreseeable future.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
The weighted
average fair value of employee stock options granted was estimated
using the following assumptions in Canadian dollars
(“C$”):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
93.90 - 111.93%
|
-
|
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
-
|
1.62 - 1.90%
|
-
|
|
Expected
life (in years)
|
-
|
5.78 - 10.00
|
-
|
|
Dividend
yield
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
The
weighted average grant date
|
|
|
|
|
fair
value of options granted
|
-
|
$0.22 - $0.28
|
-
|
Details of stock
option transactions in Canadian dollars (“C$”) are as
follows:
|
|
November
30, 2020
|
November
30, 2019
|
November
30, 2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
Outstanding,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
beginning
of year
|
2,353,829
|
8.35
|
4.30
|
555,651
|
37.70
|
19.33
|
582,811
|
36.93
|
19.37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,887,000
|
0.35
|
0.26
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Cancelled
|
(101,182)
|
1.53
|
0.78
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Forfeiture
|
(225,315)
|
0.35
|
0.22
|
(28,432)
|
1.41
|
0.80
|
(25,533)
|
20.36
|
14.19
|
|
Expired
|
(329,694)
|
42.84
|
19.68
|
(60,390)
|
31.54
|
14.27
|
(1,627)
|
291.07
|
228.92
|
|
Balance,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
end
of year
|
1,697,638
|
2.92
|
1.99
|
2,353,829
|
8.35
|
4.30
|
555,651
|
37.70
|
19.33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
exercisable,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
end
of year
|
1,231,309
|
3.90
|
2.64
|
1,122,189
|
17.12
|
8.75
|
544,619
|
38.23
|
19.59
|
As of November 30,
2020, the exercise prices, weighted average remaining contractual
life of outstanding options and weighted average grant date fair
values were as follows in Canadian dollars
(“C$”):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise
price
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
|
1,600,438
|
1.08
|
8.02
|
0.63
|
1,134,109
|
1.38
|
0.78
|
|
26.00 - 50.00
|
97,200
|
33.28
|
1.16
|
24.35
|
97,200
|
33.28
|
24.35
|
|
1,697,638
|
2.92
|
|
|
1,231,309
|
3.90
|
-
|
Total unrecognized
compensation cost relating to the unvested performance-based stock
options at November 30, 2020 is $Nil (2019 - $Nil; 2018 -
$Nil).
For the year ended
November 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, no options were exercised.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
The following table
summarizes the components of stock-based compensation
expense.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Research
and development
|
60,446
|
212,357
|
883,064
|
|
Selling,
general and administrative
|
11,199
|
52,211
|
44,622
|
|
|
71,645
|
264,568
|
927,686
|
The Company has
estimated its stock option forfeitures to be approximately 4% for
year ended November 30, 2020 (2019 – 4%; 2018 –
4%).
Effective
May 28, 2010, the Company’s shareholders approved a
Deferred Share Unit (“DSU”) Plan to grant DSUs to its
non-management directors and reserved a maximum of 11,000 common
shares for issuance under the plan. The DSU Plan permits certain
non-management directors to defer receipt of all or a portion of
their board fees until termination of the board service and to
receive such fees in the form of common shares at that time. A DSU
is a unit equivalent in value to one common share of the Company
based on the trading price of the Company's common shares on the
TSX.
Upon termination of
board service, the director will be able to redeem DSUs based upon
the then market price of the Company's common shares on the date of
redemption in exchange for any combination of cash or common shares
as the Company may determine.
During the year
ended November 30, 2020 and 2019, no non-management board members
elected to receive director fees in the form of DSUs under the
Company’s DSU Plans. As at November 30, 2020, Nil (2019
– Nil; 2018 – 10,279) DSUs were outstanding and 11,000
(2019 – 11,000; 2018 - 721) DSUs were available for grant
under the DSU Plan.
The Company
recorded the following amounts related to DSUs for each of the
three years ended November 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 in Additional
paid-in capital and accrued the following amounts as at November
30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
paid in capital
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
7,565
|
866
|
|
Accrued
liability
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
During the year
ended November 30, 2020, Nil (2019 – 10,279; 2018 –
Nil) DSU’s were exercised and the Company recorded a charge
of $Nil (2019 – $225,612; 2018 – $Nil) from Additional
paid-in capital to common shares under Capital stock.
13.
Restricted
share units
Effective
May 28, 2010, the Company’s shareholders approved a
Restricted Share Unit (“RSU”) Plan for officers and
employees of the Company and reserved a maximum of 33,000 common
shares for issuance under the plan. The RSU Plan will form part of
the incentive compensation arrangements available to officers and
employees of the Company and its designated affiliates. An RSU is a
unit equivalent in value to one common share of the Company. Upon
vesting of the RSUs and the corresponding issuance of common shares
to the participant, or on the forfeiture and cancellation of the
RSUs, the RSUs credited to the participant’s account will be
cancelled. No RSUs have been issued under the plan.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
All of the
Company’s outstanding warrants are considered to be indexed
to the Company’s own stock and are therefore classified as
equity under ASC 480. The warrants, in specified situations,
provide for certain compensation remedies to a holder if the
Company fails to timely deliver the shares underlying the warrants
in accordance with the warrant terms.
In the underwritten
public offering completed in June 2016, gross proceeds of
$5,200,000 were received through the sale of the Company’s
units comprised of common shares and warrants. The Company issued
at the initial closing of the offering an aggregate of 322,981
common shares and warrants to purchase an additional 161,490 common
shares, at a price of $16.10 per unit. The warrants are currently
exercisable, have a term of five years and an exercise price of
$19.30 per common share. The underwriter also purchased at such
closing additional warrants (collectively with the warrants issued
at the initial closing, the “June 2016 Warrants”) at a
purchase price of $0.01 per warrant to acquire 24,223 common shares
pursuant to the overallotment option exercised in part by the
underwriter. The fair value of the June 2016 Warrants of $1,175,190
was initially estimated at closing using the Black-Scholes Option
Pricing Model, using volatility of 64.1%, risk free interest rate
of 0.92%, expected life of 5 years, and dividend yield of Nil. The
June 2016 Warrants currently outstanding are detailed
below.
In the registered
direct offering completed in October 2017, gross proceeds of
$4,000,000 were received through the sale of the Company’s
common shares and warrants. The Company issued at the closing
of
the offering an
aggregate of 363,636 common shares at a price of $11.00 per share
and warrants to purchase an additional 181,818 common shares (the
“October 2017 Warrants”). The October 2017 Warrants became exercisable six
months following the closing date, will expire 30 months after the
date they became exercisable, and have an exercise price of
$12.50 per common share. The Company also issued the October 2017
Placement Agents Warrants to purchase 18,181 common shares at an
exercise price of $13.75 per share. The holders of October 2017
Warrants and October 2017 Placement Agent Warrants are entitled to
a cashless exercise under which the number of shares to be issued
will be based on the number of shares for which warrants are
exercised times the difference between the market price of the
common share and the exercise price divided by the market price.
The fair value of the October 2017 Warrants of $742,555 was
initially estimated at closing using the Black-Scholes Option
Pricing Model, using volatility of 73.67%, risk free interest rate
of 1.64%, expected life of 3 years, and dividend yield of
Nil.
The fair value of
the October 2017 Placement Agents Warrants was estimated at $86,196
using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using volatility of
73.67%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.64%, an expected life of 3
years, and a dividend yield of Nil.
The October 2017
Warrants and the October 2017 Placement Agent Warrants currently
outstanding are detailed below.
In the two
registered direct offerings completed in March 2018, gross proceeds
of $5,300,000 were received through the sale of the Company’s
common shares and warrants. The Company issued at the closing of
the offering an aggregate of 883,333 common shares at a price of
$6.00 per share and the March 2018 Warrants to purchase an
additional 441,666 common shares. The
March 2018 Warrants became exercisable six months following the
closing date, will expire 30 months after the date they
became
exercisable and have an exercise price of
$6.00 per common share. The Company also issued the March 2018
Placement Agent Warrants to purchase 44,166 common shares at an
exercise price of $7.50 per share. The holders of March 2018
Warrants and March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants are entitled to a
cashless exercise under which the number of shares to be issued
will be based on the number of shares for which warrants are
exercised times the difference between the market price of the
common share and the exercise price divided by the market price.
The fair value of the March 2018 Warrants of $1,115,480 was
initially estimated at closing using the Black-Scholes Option
Pricing Model, using volatility of 70%, risk free interest rates of
2.44% and 2.46%, expected life of 3 years, and dividend yield of
Nil.
The fair value of
the March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants was estimated at $141,284
using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using volatility of
70%, risk free interest rates of 2.44% and 2.46%, an expected life
of 3 years, and a dividend yield of Nil. The March 2018 Warrants
and the March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants currently outstanding
are detailed below.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
In October 2018,
the Company completed an underwritten public offering in the United
States, resulting in the sale to the public of 827,970 Units at
$0.75 per Unit, which are comprised of one common share and one
2018 Unit Warrant (as defined above) exercisable at $0.75 per
share. The Company concurrently sold an additional 1,947,261 common
shares and 2018 Option Warrants to purchase 2,608,695 common shares
exercisable at $0.75 per share pursuant to the overallotment option
exercised in part by the underwriter. The price of the common
shares issued in connection with exercise of the overallotment
option was $0.74 per share and the price for the warrants issued in
connection with the exercise of the overallotment option was $0.01
per warrant, less in each case the underwriting discount. In
addition, the Company issued 16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Units (as
defined above), each 2018 Pre-Funded Unit consisting of one 2018
Pre-Funded Warrant (as defined above) to purchase one common share
and one 2018 Warrant (as defined above) to purchase one common
share. The 2018 Pre-Funded Units were offered to the public at
$0.74 each and a 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable at $0.01
per share. Each 2018 Firm Warrant is exercisable immediately and
has a term of five years and each 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is
exercisable immediately and until all 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants are
exercised. The Company also issued the October 2018 Placement Agent
Warrants to the placement agents to purchase 1,160,314 common
shares at an exercise price of $0.9375 per share, which were
exercisable immediately upon issuance. In aggregate, in October
2018, the Company issued 2,775,231 common shares, 16,563,335 2018
Pre-Funded Warrants and 20,000,000 2018 Firm Warrants in addition
to 1,160,314 October 2018 Placement Agent Warrants.
The fair value of
the 2018 Firm Warrants of $279,086 was initially estimated at
closing using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using
volatility of 92%, risk free interest rate of 3.02%, expected life
of 5 years, and dividend yield of Nil. The fair value of the
October 2018 Placement Agents Warrants was estimated at $461,697
using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using volatility of
92%, risk free interest rate of 3.02%, an expected life of 5 years,
and a dividend yield of Nil.
The fair value of
the 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant of $12,256,868 and the fair value of
the 2018 Firm Warrants of $279,086, respectively, were recorded
under Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated statements of
shareholders’ equity (deficiency).
During the year
ended November 30, 2020, 1,616,667 (2019 - 2,793,334) 2018
Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised and 1,592,249 (2019 –
2,793,334) common shares were issued in respect of 2018 Pre-Funded
Warrants, for cash proceeds of $Nil (2019 - $27,953), and the
Company recorded a charge of $583,180 (2019 – $979,705) from
Additional paid-in-capital to common shares under Capital stock.
During the year ended November 30, 2019, 1,030,000 common shares
were issued in respect of 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants which were
exercised as of November 30, 2018 but for which common shares were
not yet issued as of November 30, 2018.
As at November 30,
2020, Nil (2019 –
1,616,667) 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants are outstanding which are
exercisable immediately at $0.01 per share. In addition, the
following table provides information on the 21,923,624 warrants,
including 2018 Firm Warrants, outstanding and exercisable as of
November 30, 2020:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expiry
|
|
|
Warrant
|
|
|
|
|
|
June
2016 Warrants
|
19.30
|
277,478
|
June
02, 2021
|
138,739
|
|
March
2018 Warrants
|
6.00
|
291,666
|
March
16, 2021
|
291,666
|
|
March
2018 Warrants
|
6.00
|
150,000
|
March
21, 2021
|
150,000
|
|
March
2018 Placement Agent Warrants
|
7.50
|
29,166
|
March
16, 2021
|
29,166
|
|
March
2018 Placement Agent Warrants
|
7.50
|
15,000
|
March
21, 2021
|
15,000
|
|
2018
Firm Warrants
|
0.75
|
20,000,000
|
October
16, 2023
|
20,000,000
|
|
October
2018 Placement Agent Warrants
|
0.9375
|
1,160,314
|
October
16, 2023
|
1,160,314
|
|
|
|
21,923,624
|
|
21,784,885
|
During the years
ended November 30, 2020 and 2019, other than 2018 Pre-Funded
Warrants as noted above, there were no cash exercises in respect of
warrants and no cashless exercise of warrants, resulting in the
issuance of Nil common shares, respectively.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
14.
Warrants
(continued)
Details of warrant
transactions for the years ended November 30, 2020 and 2019 are as
follows:
|
|
Outstanding,
December 1, 2019
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
November 30, 2020
|
|
June
2016 Warrants
|
277,478
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
277,478
|
|
October
2017 Warrants
|
181,818
|
-
|
(181,818)
|
-
|
-
|
|
October
2017 Placement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agent
Warrants
|
18,181
|
-
|
(18,181)
|
-
|
-
|
|
March
2018 Warrants
|
441,666
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
441,666
|
|
March
2018 Placement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agent
Warrants
|
44,166
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
44,166
|
|
2018
Firm Warrants
|
20,000,000
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
20,000,000
|
|
2018
Pre-Funded Warrants
|
1,616,667
|
-
|
-
|
(1,616,667)
|
-
|
|
October
2018 Placement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agent
Warrants
|
1,160,314
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,160,314
|
|
|
23,740,290
|
-
|
(199,999)
|
(1,616,667)
|
21,923,624
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 1, 2018
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
November 30, 2019
|
|
June
2016 Warrants
|
277,478
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
277,478
|
|
October
2017 Warrants
|
181,818
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
181,818
|
|
October
2017 Placement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agent
Warrants
|
18,181
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
18,181
|
|
March
2018 Warrants
|
441,666
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
441,666
|
|
March
2018 Placement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agent
Warrants
|
44,166
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
44,166
|
|
2018
Firm Warrants
|
20,000,000
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
20,000,000
|
|
2018
Pre-Funded Warrants
|
4,410,001
|
-
|
-
|
(2,793,334)
|
1,616,667
|
|
October
2018 Placement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agent
Warrants
|
1,160,314
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,160,314
|
|
|
26,533,624
|
-
|
-
|
(2,793,334)
|
23,740,290
|
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
15.
Income
taxes
The Company files
Canadian income tax returns for its Canadian operations. Separate
income tax returns are filed as locally required.
The total provision
for income taxes differs from the amount which would be computed by
applying the Canadian income tax rate to loss before income taxes.
The reasons for these differences are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statutory
income tax rate
|
26.5%
|
26.5%
|
26.5%
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statutory
income tax recovery
|
(889,905)
|
(2,143,853)
|
(3,643,080)
|
|
Increase
(decrease) in income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
Non-deductible
expenses/
|
|
|
|
|
non-taxable
income
|
47,287
|
79,210
|
263,650
|
|
Change
in valuation allowance
|
843,877
|
2,425,721
|
4,861,770
|
|
Investment
tax credit
|
-
|
(364,955)
|
(466,052)
|
|
Financing
costs booked to equity
|
-
|
-
|
(1,049,430)
|
|
Difference
in foreign tax rates
|
-
|
(1,487)
|
290
|
|
True
up of tax returns
|
-
|
-
|
11,029
|
|
Tax
loss expired and other
|
(9,069)
|
-
|
21,823
|
|
Global
intangible low-taxed income (GILTI)
|
40,643
|
-
|
-
|
|
Income
tax expense (recovery)
|
32,833
|
(5,364)
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
Company's income tax expense (recovery) is allocated as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
tax expense
|
32,833
|
5,678
|
-
|
|
Deferred
tax recovery
|
-
|
(11,042)
|
-
|
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
15.
Income
taxes (continued)
The Company
recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected
future tax consequences of temporary differences between the
carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and
certain carry-forward balances. Significant temporary differences
and carry-forwards are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
|
Non-capital
loss carry-forwards
|
14,690,358
|
13,031,063
|
|
Book
and tax basis differences
|
|
|
|
on
assets and liabilities
|
1,274,734
|
1,151,545
|
|
Other
|
1,263,175
|
1,514,224
|
|
Investment
tax credit
|
3,405,090
|
3,759,118
|
|
Undeducted
research and
|
|
|
|
development
expenditures
|
4,990,176
|
5,366,539
|
|
Capital
loss carryforwards
|
318,915
|
322,983
|
|
Share
issuance cost
|
492,243
|
813,208
|
|
|
26,434,691
|
25,958,680
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
|
Unrealized
foreign exchange gain
|
(271,913)
|
(279,062)
|
|
Convertible
debentures
|
(4,132)
|
(14,627)
|
|
|
(276,045)
|
(293,689)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation
allowances for
|
|
|
|
deferred
tax assets
|
(26,158,646)
|
(25,664,991)
|
|
Net
deferred tax assets
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deffered
tax assets and liabilities have been offset where they relate to
income taxes levied by the same
|
|
|
|
taxation
authority and the Company has the legal right and intent to
offset.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movement
in net deferred tax assets (liabilities):
|
|
|
|
|
2020
|
2019
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at the beginning of the year
|
-
|
-
|
|
Recognized
in profit/loss
|
-
|
(11,042)
|
|
Recognized
in shareholders' equity
|
-
|
11,042
|
|
Balance
at the end of the year
|
-
|
-
|
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
15.
Income
taxes (continued)
At
November 30, 2020, the Company had cumulative operating losses
available to reduce future years’ income for income tax
purposes:
|
Canadian
income tax losses expiring
|
|
|
in
the year ended November 30,
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
2028
|
182,222
|
|
2029
|
555,539
|
|
2030
|
3,373,079
|
|
2031
|
5,532,739
|
|
2032
|
5,750,053
|
|
2033
|
4,562,538
|
|
2034
|
149,927
|
|
2035
|
2,634,823
|
|
2036
|
3,404,504
|
|
2037
|
4,328,444
|
|
2038
|
11,534,818
|
|
2039
|
8,614,862
|
|
2040
|
4,811,764
|
|
|
55,435,312
|
The Company has had
no taxable income under the Federal and Provincial tax laws of
Canada for the year ended November 30, 2020. The Company has
non-capital loss carry-forwards at November 30, 2020, totaling
$55,435,312 in Canada that must be offset against future taxable
income. If not utilized, the loss carry-forwards will expire
between 2028 and 2040.
At November 30,
2020, the Company had a cumulative carry-forward pool of Canadian
Federal Scientific Research & Experimental Development
expenditures in the amount of $18,830,851 (2019 - $20,251,089)
which can be carried forward indefinitely.
At November 30,
2020, the Company had approximately $3,508,087 (2019 - $3,887,669)
of unclaimed Investment Tax Credits which expire from 2025 to 2039.
These credits are subject to a full valuation allowance as they are
not more likely than not to be realized.
The net deferred
tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance because
it is not more likely than not the Company will realize the benefit
of these deferred tax assets. The Company does not have any
recognized tax benefits as of November 30, 2020 or
November 30, 2019.
The Company files
unconsolidated federal income tax returns domestically and in
foreign jurisdictions. The Company has open tax years from 2009 to
2019 with tax jurisdictions including Canada and the U.S. These
open years contain certain matters that could be subject to
differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations,
as they relate to amount, timing, or inclusion of revenues and
expenses.
The Company had no
accrued interest and penalties as of November 30, 2020, 2019
and 2018.
16.
Contingencies
From
time to time, the Company may be exposed to claims and legal
actions in the normal course of business. As at November 30, 2020,
and continuing as at February 28, 2021, the Company is not aware of
any pending or threatened material litigation claims against the
Company, other than as described below.
In November 2016,
the Company filed an NDA for its abuse-deterrent oxycodone
hydrochloride extended release tablets (formerly referred to as
RexistaTM)
(“Oxycodone ER”) product candidate, relying on the
505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, which allowed the Company to
reference data from Purdue Pharma L.P's (“Purdue”) file
for its OxyContin® extended
release oxycodone hydrochloride. The Oxycodone ER application was
accepted by the FDA for further review in February 2017. The
Company certified to the
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
16.
Contingencies
(continued)
FDA that it
believed that its Oxycodone ER product candidate would not infringe
any of the OxyContin® patents listed in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with
Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly known as the
“Orange Book”, or that such patents are invalid,
and so notified Purdue and the other owners of the subject patents
listed in the Orange Book of such certification.
On April 7, 2017,
the Company received notice that Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue
Pharmaceuticals L.P., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., or collectively
the Purdue parties, Rhodes Technologies, and Grünenthal GmbH,
or collectively the Purdue litigation plaintiffs, had commenced
patent infringement proceedings against the Company in the U.S.
District Court for the District of Delaware (docket number 17-392)
in respect of its NDA filing for Oxycodone ER, alleging that its
proposed Oxycodone ER infringes 6 out of the 16 patents associated
with the branded product OxyContin®, or the
OxyContin® patents, listed
in the Orange Book. The complaint seeks injunctive relief as well
as attorneys' fees and costs and such other and further relief as
the Court may deem just and proper. An answer and counterclaim have
been filed.
Subsequent to the
above-noted filing of lawsuit, 4 further such patents were listed
and published in the Orange Book. The Company then similarly
certified to the FDA concerning such further patents. On March 16,
2018, the Company received notice that the Purdue litigation
plaintiffs had commenced further such patent infringement
proceedings against the Company adding the 4 further patents. This
lawsuit is also in the District of Delaware federal
court under docket number 18-404.
As a result of the
commencement of the first of these legal proceedings, the FDA was
stayed for 30 months from granting final approval to the
Company’s Oxycodone ER product candidate. That time period
commenced on February 24, 2017, when the Purdue litigation
plaintiffs received notice of the Company’s certification
concerning the patents, and was initially set to expire on August
24, 2019, unless the stay was earlier terminated by a final
declaration of the courts that the patents are invalid, or are not
infringed, or the matter is otherwise settled among the
parties.
On or about June
26, 2018, the court issued an order to sever 6
“overlapping” patents from the second Purdue case, but
ordered litigation to proceed on the 4 new (2017-issued) patents.
An answer and counterclaim were filed on July 9, 2018. The
existence and publication of additional patents in the Orange Book,
and litigation arising therefrom, is an ordinary and to be expected
occurrence in the course of such litigation.
On July 6, 2018,
the court issued a claims construction on the first
case.
On July 24, 2018,
the parties to the case mutually agreed to dismiss the infringement
claims related to the Grünenthal ‘060 patent. The
Grünenthal ‘060 patent is one of the six patents
included in the original litigation case, however, the dismissal
does not by itself result in a termination of the 30-month
litigation stay. Infringement claims related to this patent have
been dismissed without prejudice.
On October 4, 2018,
the parties to the 17-392 docket case mutually agreed to postpone
the scheduled court date pending a case status conference scheduled
for December 17, 2018. At that time, further trial scheduling and
other administrative matters were postponed pending the
Company’s resubmission of the Oxycodone ER NDA. That filing
was timely filed at the end of February 2019. The trial in the
17-392 case was scheduled for November 12, 2019. On January 17,
2019, the court issued a scheduling order in 18-404 that schedules
the remaining major portions. The trial in the 18-404 case was
scheduled for June 2020, which was also subject to extension via
the bankruptcy.
The U.S. Federal
Circuit Court of Appeal affirmed on April 4, 2019 the invalidity of
one Purdue OxyContin® patent. The patent is: 9,060,976. The
patent was nominally in the 17-392 and 18-404 cases. The invalidity
ruling reduces yet another patent from the overall picture.
However, it does not, by itself, eliminate the 30-month litigation
stay in either docketed case.
On October 4, 2019,
following the filing of a bankruptcy stay by Purdue Pharma, the
ongoing litigation cases numbers 1:17-cv-00392-RGA and
1:18-cv-00404-RGA-SRF between Purdue Pharma L.P. et al and
Intellipharmaceutics International have been stayed and the
existing dates in both cases vacated by an order issued by the
courts in the District of Delaware. No new dates were given for
reinstatement; however, the parties were required to provide a
further status report no later than March 13, 2020. During a
status
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
16.
Contingencies
(continued)
update March 13,
2020, the stay was ordered to be continued. The parties were
required to submit a joint status report no less than two business
days before June 3, 2020. On April 24, 2019, an order was issued,
setting the trial date for case number 17-392 in the District of
Delaware, and also extending the 30-month stay date for regulatory
approval to March 2, 2020. With the litigation stay order, the
previous 30-month stay date of March 2, 2020 was unchanged, and has
now expired.
On April 15, 2020,
Purdue filed a new patent infringement suit against the Company.
The suit was filed in the United States District Court for the
District of Delaware, under docket number: 1:20-cv-00515. The new
patent suit relates to additional Paragraph IV certifications
lodged against Purdue’s patent numbers: 10,407,434 and
10,369,109.
On or about July 2,
2020 the parties in the cases, numbers 17-cv-392-RGA, 18-cv-404-RGA
and 20-cv-515-RGA (the “Litigations”) between Purdue
Pharma L.P. et al (“Purdue’) and Intellipharmaceutics
entered into a stipulated dismissal of the Litigations. The
stipulated dismissal, which was subject to approval by the
bankruptcy court presiding over Purdue Pharma’s pending
chapter 11 cases, provides for the termination of the patent
infringement proceedings. The stipulated dismissal also provides
that (i) for a thirty (30) day period following a final approval of
the Company’s Aximris XRTM NDA the parties
will attempt to resolve any potential asserted patent infringement
claims relating to the NDA and (ii) if the parties fail to resolve
all such claims during such period Purdue Pharma will have fifteen
(15) days to pursue an infringement action against the Company. The
terms of the stipulated dismissal agreement are
confidential.
On July 28, 2020
the United States District Court for the District of Delaware
signed the stipulations of dismissal into order thereby dismissing
the claims in the three cases without prejudice. In consideration
of the confidential stipulated dismissal agreement and for future
saved litigation expenses, Purdue agreed to pay an amount to the
Company.
In July 2017, three
complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern
District of New York that were later consolidated under the caption
Shanawaz v. Intellipharmaceutics Int’l Inc., et al., No.
1:17-cv-05761 (S.D.N.Y.). The lead plaintiffs filed a
consolidated amended complaint on January 29, 2018. In the
amended complaint, the lead plaintiffs assert claims on behalf of a
putative class consisting of purchasers of the Company’s
securities between May 21, 2015 and July 26, 2017. The amended
complaint alleges that the defendants violated Sections 10(b) and
20(a) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and
Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by making allegedly false and
misleading statements or failing to disclose certain information
regarding the Company’s NDA for Oxycodone ER abuse-deterrent
oxycodone hydrochloride extended release tablets. The
complaint seeks, among other remedies, unspecified damages,
attorneys’ fees and other costs, equitable and/or injunctive
relief, and such other relief as the court may find just and
proper.
On March 30, 2018,
the Company and the other defendants filed a motion to dismiss the
amended complaint for failure to state a valid claim. The
defendants’ motion to dismiss was granted in part, and denied
in part, in an Order dated December 17, 2018. In its Order, the
court dismissed certain of the plaintiffs’ securities claims
to the extent that the claims were based upon statements describing
the Oxycodone ER product’s abuse-deterrent features and its
bioequivalence to OxyContin. However, the court allowed the claims
to proceed to the extent plaintiffs challenged certain public
statements describing the contents of the Company’s Oxycodone
ER NDA. Defendants filed an answer to the amended complaint
on January 7, 2019. On February 5, 2019, the court held an initial
pretrial conference and entered a scheduling order governing
discovery and class certification. In an order entered at the
parties request on May 9, 2019, the Court stayed proceedings in the
action to permit the parties time to conduct a mediation. As
a result of subsequent extensions, the stay was extended through
October 10, 2019. The parties participated in a mediation on
August 1, 2019, during which the parties tentatively agreed to the
terms of a settlement of the action subject to the satisfaction of
certain financial conditions by the Company. On October 10,
2019, the Company provided notice that it was not able to satisfy
those conditions.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
16.
Contingencies
(continued)
On November 7,
2019, the Company announced that the parties reached a settlement
that is subject to the approval of the court following notice to
class members. The stipulation of settlement provides for a
settlement payment of US$1.6 million by the Company, which has been
paid from available insurance coverage.
As part of the
settlement, the Company also agreed to contribute to the settlement
fund specific anticipated Canadian tax refunds of up to US$400,000
to the extent received within 18 months after the entry of final
judgment. The stipulation of settlement acknowledges that the
Company and the other defendants continue to deny that they
committed any violation of the U.S. securities laws or engaged in
any other wrongdoing and that they are entering into the settlement
at this time based on the burden, expense, and inherent uncertainty
of continuing the litigation.
Although the
Company believes that the settlement represents a fair and
reasonable compromise of the matters in dispute in the litigation,
there can be no assurance that the court will approve the
stipulation of settlement as proposed, or at all. If the
stipulation of settlement is not approved or otherwise fails to
become effective, then the parties will be returned to their
respective positions in the litigation as of August 9, 2019. Given
the lack of activity for the past several months, plaintiffs’
counsel filed on March 11, 2020, a letter on behalf of all parties
jointly requesting a conference with the Court about the
preliminary approval motion for the settlement. In an order entered
on July 30, 2020, the Court preliminarily approved the proposed
settlement and scheduled a hearing to consider final approval of
the settlement for December 4, 2020. On December 7, 2020 the court
approved the settlement and entered an order and final judgement to
that effect, thereby concluding the case.
On February 21,
2019, the Company and its CEO, Dr. Isa Odidi
(“Defendants”), were served with a Statement of Claim
filed in the Superior Court of Justice of Ontario
(“Court”) for a proposed class action under the Ontario
Class Proceedings Act (“Action”). The Action was
brought by Victor Romita, the proposed representative plaintiff
(“Plaintiff”), on behalf of a class of Canadian persons
(“Class”) who traded shares of the Company during the
period from February 29, 2016 to July 26, 2017
(“Period”). The Statement of Claim, under the caption
Victor Romita v.
Intellipharmaceutics International Inc. and Isa Odidi,
asserts that the Defendants knowingly or negligently made certain
public statements during the Period that contained or omitted
material facts concerning Oxycodone ER abuse-deterrent oxycodone
hydrochloride extended release tablets. The Plaintiff alleges that
he and the Class suffered loss and damages as a result of their
trading in the Company’s shares during the Period. The
Plaintiff seeks, among other remedies, unspecified damages, legal
fees and court and other costs as the Court may
permit.
On February 26,
2019, the Plaintiff delivered a Notice of Motion seeking the
required approval from the Court, in accordance with procedure
under the Ontario Securities Act, to allow the statutory claims
under the Ontario Securities Act to proceed with respect to the
claims based upon the acquisition or disposition of the
Company’s shares on the TSX during the Period
(“Motion”). On June 28, 2019, the Court endorsed a
timetable for the exchange of material leading to the hearing of
the Motion scheduled for January 27-28, 2020. No date has been set
for the hearing of the certification application. On October 28,
2019, plaintiff’s counsel advised the court that the
Plaintiff intended to amend his claim and could not proceed with
the Leave Motion scheduled for January 27-28, 2020. As such the
Court released those dates.
On January 28,
2020, the plaintiff served a Notice of Motion for leave to amend
the Statement of Claim. On April 2, 2020, the plaintiff delivered
an Amended Motion Record and Amended Notice of Motion seeking an
order for leave to issue a fresh as Amended Statement of Claim
including the addition of Christopher Pearce as a Plaintiff
(“Amendment Motion”). On May 1, 2020, the court granted
the plaintiff’s Amendment Motion. The Company and Dr. Odidi
intend to vigorously defend the action and have filed a Notice of
Intent to Defend. A tentative settlement has been reached in this
proceeding. A hearing for settlement approval has now been
scheduled for June 25, 2021.
On October 7, 2019,
a complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern
District of New York by Alpha Capital Anstalt (“Alpha”)
against the Company, two of its existing officers and directors and
its former Chief Financial Officer. In the complaint,
Alpha alleges that the Company and the executive officers/directors
named in the complaint violated Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, by allegedly making false and
misleading statements in the Company’s Registration Statement
on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
on September 20, 2018,
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
16.
Contingencies
(continued)
as amended (the
“Registration Statement”) by failing to disclose
certain information regarding the resignation of the
Company’s then Chief Financial Officer, which was announced
several weeks after the Registration Statement was declared
effective. In the complaint Alpha seeks unspecified damages,
rescission of its purchase of the Company’s securities in the
relevant offering, attorneys’ fees and other costs and
further relief as the court may find just and proper. On December
12, 2019, the Company and the other defendants in the action filed
a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. The Plaintiff
filed an opposition to that motion on February 4, 2020 and a reply
brief in further support of the motion to dismiss the action was
filed March 6, 2020. In addition, the Court scheduled a mandatory
settlement conference with the Magistrate Judge for April 23, 2020
which the Company and counsel attended. On June 18, 2020, the court
largely denied the Company’s motion to dismiss the action.
Fact discovery is substantially complete. Motions for summary
judgment have been filed. The Company intends to continue to
vigorously defend the claims asserted in the complaint. However,
there can be no assurance that the case can be resolved in the
Company's favor.
On May 28, 2020,
the Company became aware that a statement of claim was filed in the
Ontario Superior Court of Justice (CV-20-00641581-0000) against the
Company and its directors by Greg Powell, a former employee and
former CFO of the Company. The claims sought damages for unpaid
wages, wrongful dismissal, manner of dismissal plus other
compensation claims and special damages. On August 6, 2020, the
parties have consented to an order dismissing this case. The claim
was dismissed by a court order dated October 15, 2020.
On August 5, 2020 a
former employee filed a claim against the Company for wrongful
dismissal of employment plus loss of benefits, unpaid vacation pay,
interest and costs. The parties have agreed to settlement terms in
the matter.
On or about April
28, 2020, the Company received demand letters from their landlord
for amounts owing. The amounts in question were fully accrued for
and included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the
consolidated balance sheets. On June 21, 2020, the Company entered
into a lease surrender agreement pursuant to which it paid the rent
arears and vacated the property at 22 Worcester Road on June 30,
2020. The Company also entered into an agreement extending its
lease for the premises (30 Worcester Road) that it currently
operates from, for one year, commencing December 1, 2020, with an
option to continue on a month-to-month basis after November 30,
2021.
17.
Financial
instruments
The Company follows
ASC topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” which defines
fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and
expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions
of ASC topic 820 apply to other accounting pronouncements that
require or permit fair value measurements. ASC topic 820 defines
fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an
asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the
principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in
an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date; and establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair
value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the
valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement
date.
Inputs refer
broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in
pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk.
To increase consistency and comparability in fair value
measurements and related disclosures, the fair value hierarchy
prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair
value into three broad levels.
The three levels of
the hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1 inputs are
quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities.
Level 2 inputs are
inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are
observable for the asset or liability, either directly or
indirectly for substantially the full term of the financial
instrument.
Level 3 inputs are
unobservable inputs for asset or liabilities.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
17.
Financial
instruments (continued)
(a)
Fair values (continued)
The categorization
within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of
input that is significant to the fair value
measurement.
(i)
The Company
calculates fair value of the options and warrants using its own
historical volatility (Level 1).
(ii)
The Company
calculates the interest rate for the conversion option based on the
Company’s estimated cost of raising capital (Level
2).
An
increase/decrease in the volatility and/or a decrease/increase in
the discount rate would have resulted in an increase/decrease in
the fair value of the conversion option and warrants.
Fair value of
financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured at
fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Financial
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible debentures(i)
|
1,791,791
|
1,784,646
|
1,744,813
|
1,778,988
|
|
Promissory notes payable(i)
|
163,758
|
163,758
|
159,863
|
159,863
|
(i) The
Company calculates the interest rate for the Debentures and
promissory notes payable based on the Company’s estimated
cost of raising capital and uses the discounted cash flow model to
calculate the fair value of the Debentures and the promissory notes
payable.
The carrying values
of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities
and employee cost payable approximates their fair values because of
the short-term nature of these instruments.
(b)
Interest rate and credit risk
Interest rate risk
is the risk that the value of a financial instrument might be
adversely affected by a change in interest rates. The Company does
not believe that the results of operations or cash flows would be
affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market
interest rates, relative to interest rates on cash and the
convertible debenture due to the short-term nature of these
obligations. Trade accounts receivable potentially subjects the
Company to credit risk. The Company provides an allowance for
doubtful accounts equal to the estimated losses expected to be
incurred in the collection of accounts receivable.
The following table
sets forth details of the aged accounts receivable that are not
overdue as well as an analysis of overdue amounts and the related
allowance for doubtful accounts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
receivable
|
66,384
|
177,202
|
|
Other
receivable
|
500,000
|
-
|
|
Less
allowance for doubtful accounts
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total
trade and other receivables, net
|
566,384
|
177,202
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not
past due
|
566,384
|
177,202
|
|
Past
due for more than 31 days
|
|
|
|
but
no more than 120 days
|
-
|
-
|
|
Past
due for more than 120 days
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total
trade and other receivables, gross
|
566,384
|
177,202
|
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
17.
Financial
instruments (continued)
(b)
Interest rate and credit risk (continued)
Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration
of credit risk consist principally of uncollateralized accounts
receivable. The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk is
equal to the potential amount of financial assets. For the year
ended November 30, 2020, one customer accounted for all the revenue
and accounts receivable of the Company. For the year ended November
30, 2019, two customers accounted for substantially all the revenue
and one customer accounted for all the accounts receivable of the
Company.
On July 2, 2020,
the Company reached a stipulated dismissal agreement with regards
to all three cases in the litigation between Purdue and the
Company. In consideration of the confidential dismissal agreement
and for future saved litigation expenses, Purdue paid $2,000,000 to
the Company and paid an additional $500,000 in December 2020.
During the year ended November 30, 2020, the Company received the
initial payment of $2,000,000 and the remaining $500,000 was
recognized as other receivable within trade and other receivables
in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company
recognized $2,500,000 as gain on settlement in the consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended
November 30, 2020.
The Company is also
exposed to credit risk at period end from the carrying value of its
cash. The Company manages this risk by maintaining bank accounts
with a Canadian Chartered Bank. The Company’s cash is not
subject to any external restrictions.
(c)
Foreign exchange risk
The Company has
balances in Canadian dollars that give rise to exposure to foreign
exchange risk relating to the impact of translating certain
non-U.S. dollar balance sheet accounts as these statements are
presented in U.S. dollars. A strengthening U.S. dollar will lead to
a foreign exchange loss while a weakening U.S. dollar will lead to
a foreign exchange gain. For each Canadian dollar balance of
$1.0 million, a +/- 10% movement in the Canadian currency held
by the Company versus the U.S. dollar would affect the
Company’s loss and other comprehensive loss by
$0.1 million.
Liquidity risk is
the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty raising liquid
funds to meet its commitments as they fall due. In meeting its
liquidity requirements, the Company closely monitors its forecasted
cash requirements with expected cash drawdown.
The following are
the contractual maturities of the undiscounted cash flows of
financial liabilities as at November 30, 2020:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
4,103,966
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
4,103,966
|
|
Accrued
liabilities
|
1,780,272
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,780,272
|
|
Employee
costs payable
|
1,665,236
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,665,236
|
|
Operating
lease liability (Note 9)
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
-
|
163,904
|
|
Convertible
debentures (Note 7)
|
1,300,000
|
500,000
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,800,000
|
|
Promissory
notes payable (Note 7)
|
163,758
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
163,758
|
|
Total
contractual obligations
|
9,054,208
|
540,976
|
40,976
|
40,976
|
-
|
9,677,136
|
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
(Stated in U.S.
dollars)
18.
Segmented
information
The Company's
operations comprise a single reportable segment engaged in the
research, development and manufacture of novel and generic
controlled-release and targeted-release oral solid dosage drugs. As
the operations comprise a single reportable segment, amounts
disclosed in the financial statements for revenue, loss for the
period, depreciation and total assets also represent segmented
amounts. In addition, all of the Company's long-lived assets are in
Canada. The Company’s license and commercialization agreement
with Par accounts for substantially all of the revenue of the
Company.
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$
|
$
|
$
|
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Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
United
States
|
1,401,517
|
3,480,516
|
1,712,731
|
|
|
1,401,517
|
3,480,516
|
1,712,731
|
|
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|
|
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Total
assets
|
|
|
|
|
Canada
|
3,387,055
|
3,796,713
|
11,474,227
|
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Total
property and equipment
|
|
|
|
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Canada
|
1,770,137
|
2,273,406
|
2,755,993
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Page 39
EXHIBIT INDEX
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License
and Commercialization Agreement dated as of November 21, 2005,
between Intellipharmaceutics Corp., and Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.,
as amended by the First Amendment To License and Commercialization
Agreement dated as of August 12, 2011, and as further amended by
the Second Amendment to License and Commercialization Agreement
dated as of September 24, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.64 to the Company's Amendment No. 1 on Form 20-F/A for
the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013 as filed on April 14,
2014)
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101(1)(2)
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(i) Consolidated
balance sheets as at November 30, 2020 and 2019
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(ii) Consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended
November 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
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(iii) Consolidated
statements of shareholders' equity (deficiency) for the years ended
November 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
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(iv) Consolidated
statements of cash flows for the years ended November 30, 2020,
2019 and 2018
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(v) Notes to the
consolidated financial statements
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(1)
Filed
as exhibits to this annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year
ended November 30, 2020.
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(2)
XBRL
information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration
statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for
purposes of Section 18 of the U.S. Exchange Act, as amended, and
otherwise is not subject to liability under these
sections.
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(†)
Confidential treatment has been granted for certain portions of
this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the
SEC
(^) Portions of
this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been omitted as the
Registrant has determined that (i) the omitted information is not
material and (ii) the omitted information would likely cause
competitive harm to the Registrant if publicly disclosed.
|
SIGNATURES
The
registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements
for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized
the undersigned to sign this annual report on its
behalf.
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
/s/ Dr. Amina
Odidi
Dr.
Amina Odidi
Acting
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Intellipharmaceutics
International Inc.
March
31, 2021
IntelliPharmaCeutics (CE) (USOTC:IPCIF)
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